47:
526:
are removed. The raw materials continuously move down the blast furnace. During this continuous process more raw materials are placed at the top, and as the coke moves down, it must withstand the ever-increasing weight of the materials above it. It is the ability to withstand this crushing force, in
543:
blocks the catalytic sites. Coking is characteristic of high temperature reactions involving hydrocarbon feedstocks. Typically coking is reversed by combustion, provided that the catalyst will tolerate such.
535:"Coking is a refinery unit operation that upgrades material called bottoms from the atmospheric or vacuum distillation column into higher-value products and produces petroleum coke—a coal-like material". In
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to a temperature above 600 °C (1,112 °F) to drive off the volatile components of the raw coal, leaving behind a hard, strong, porous material with a high carbon content called
298:
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494:. Coke is predominantly carbon. Its porous structure provides a high surface area, allowing it to burn more rapidly, much like how a bundle of
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burns faster than a solid wooden log. As such, when a kilogram of coke is burned, it releases more heat than a kilogram of the original coal.
466:
653:
H. Schultz (2010). ""Coking" of zeolites during methanol conversion: Basic reactions of the MTO-, MTP- and MTG processes".
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addition to its high energy content and rapid combustion, that makes coke ideal for use in blast furnaces.
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are mixed together and placed in the top of the blast furnace, and at the bottom liquid
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catalysts are thus especially prone to coking because they are effective at generating
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640:"Coking is a Refinery Process that Produces 19% of Finished Petroleum Product Exports"
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Guisnet, M.; Magnoux, P. (2001). "Organic chemistry of coke formation".
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Coking is one of several mechanisms for the deactivation of a
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A simplified equation for coking is shown in the case of
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574:A more realistic but complex view involves the
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679:
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259:Coal mining disasters in the United States
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642:. U.S. Energy Information Administration.
539:, the process is undesirable because the
16:Heating of coal in the absence of oxygen
578:of an aromatic ring of a coke nucleus.
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736:"Mechanisms of Catalyst Deactivation"
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13:
14:
790:
510:. In a continuous process, coke,
274:Environmental problems involving
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734:Bartholomew, Calvin H (2001).
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700:
673:
646:
632:
1:
753:10.1016/S0926-860X(00)00843-7
721:10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00074-7
694:10.1016/S0926-860X(00)00845-0
625:
740:Applied Catalysis A: General
682:Applied Catalysis A: General
667:10.1016/j.cattod.2010.05.012
502:Application to smelting iron
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593:. Other mechanisms include
586:(i.e., alkylating agents).
10:
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603:solid-state transformation
506:Coke is used as fuel in a
482:is the process of heating
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394:Coal pollution mitigation
289:coal mining in Appalachia
294:Greenhouse gas emissions
87:Coal-fired power station
82:Coal combustion products
19:Not to be confused with
563:→ 2 C ("coke") + 2 C
537:heterogeneous catalysis
351:Problems in coal mining
591:heterogeneous catalyst
429:History of coal mining
324:the petroleum industry
191:Coal preparation plant
414:Fossil fuel phase-out
424:Great Smog of London
486:in the absence of
419:Fossil fuels lobby
341:Hydrosulfuric acid
329:toxic heavy metals
249:Black lung disease
211:Metallurgical coal
169:Coal-mining region
605:of the catalyst.
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234:Asian brown cloud
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715:(2–3): 165–181.
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661:(3–4): 183–194.
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531:Petroleum coking
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368:Related articles
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72:Bituminous coal
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746:(1–2): 17–60.
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688:(1–2): 83–96.
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620:Gas to liquids
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615:Coking factory
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508:blast furnace
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379:Carboniferous
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374:Carbon bubble
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223:Externalities
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774:Coking works
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584:carbocations
573:
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479:
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404:Energy lobby
299:human health
205:
132:South Africa
56:Economic use
439:War on coal
409:Fossil fuel
269:Coal slurry
264:Coal refuse
201:Coke (fuel)
149:Coal mining
768:Categories
626:References
576:alkylation
522:and waste
279:Appalachia
184:in the USA
174:Coal power
164:in the USA
67:Anthracite
779:Catalysis
599:poisoning
595:sintering
516:limestone
434:Peak coal
356:Whitedamp
346:Outbursts
254:Coal dust
244:Blackdamp
159:in the UK
102:Australia
609:See also
549:ethylene
512:iron ore
384:Coal oil
336:Firedamp
284:coal ash
229:Ash pond
196:Coal tar
179:in China
154:in Chile
92:Coal gas
77:Charcoal
31:a series
29:Part of
541:clinker
142:Ukraine
97:Coal in
62:Ammonia
21:Cooking
601:, and
580:Acidic
514:, and
496:tinder
488:oxygen
480:Coking
239:Asthma
206:Coking
137:Turkey
127:Russia
122:Poland
112:Europe
107:Canada
314:smoke
117:India
524:slag
520:iron
492:coke
484:coal
309:smog
39:Coal
748:doi
744:212
717:doi
690:doi
686:212
663:doi
659:154
555:3 C
304:NOx
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742:.
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33:on
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569:6
567:H
565:2
561:4
559:H
557:2
468:e
461:t
454:v
23:.
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