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49:. There are two basic types: flexible and non-flexible. The flexible type is often used as a surgical dressing or to hold dressings in place. When painted on the skin, collodion dries to form a flexible nitrocellulose film. While it is initially colorless, it discolors over time. Non-flexible collodion is often used in theatrical make-up. Collodion was also the basis of most wet-plate photography until it was superseded by modern gelatin emulsions.
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130:(albumen) on glass photographic plates. Collodion reduced the exposure time necessary for making an image. This method became known as the 'wet-plate collodion' or 'wet collodion' method. Collodion was relatively grainless and colorless, and allowed for one of the first high-quality duplication processes, also known as
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mirrors. The collodion is applied to the surface of the optic, usually in two or more layers. Sometimes a piece of thin cloth is applied between the layers, to hold the collodion together for easy removal. After the collodion dries and forms a solid sheet covering the optic, it is carefully peeled
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conditions, which meant that the photographer had to carry the chemicals and a portable darkroom with him wherever he went. After these steps the plate needed rinsing in fresh water. Finally, the plate was dried and varnished using a
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Pelouze announced to the French
Academy of Sciences that Ménard and Domonte had discovered that cellulose nitrate could be dissolved in ether in: Pelouze (9 November 1846)
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for various effects. When applied to the skin, it shrinks as the solvent (usually ether or alcohol) evaporates, causing wrinkles and is used to simulate old age, or scars.
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to preserve its sensitivity. Another method, using tannin, invented by Major C. Russell in 1861, followed and in 1864 W.E. Bolton and E.J. Sayce mixed
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as a diluent that rendered cellulose nitrate into a clear gelatinous liquid. Collodion was first used medically as a dressing in 1847 by the
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267:), is generally credited with the first development of dry collodion plate when in 1856 he took out a new patent for a
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Hannavy, John (ed.) (2008) Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A–I, Volume 1, Taylor & Francis, p. 440
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Dark tents to be used outdoors consisted of a small tent that was tied around the photographer's waist. Otherwise a
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Lift the plate out of the bath, drain and wipe the back, load it into a plate holder and protect from light with a
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168:) collodion onto the glass plate, tilting it so it reaches each corner. The excess is poured back into the bottle.
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EEG electrodes are commonly attached to the patient's scalp with rigid collodion for long-term treatment
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Collodion is a pure type of pyroxylin used to embed specimens which will be examined under a
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physician John Parker
Maynard. The solution was dubbed "collodion" (from the Greek κολλώδης (
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46:
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574:"University of Birmingham Staff Papers: Papers of Dr Richard Hill Norris - Archives Hub"
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with collodion, so that by the mid-1860s the wet-plate process was being replaced.
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All of this was done in a matter of minutes, and some of the steps in (red)
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and expose the plate (can range from less than a second to several minutes)
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Richard Hill Norris, a doctor of medicine and professor of physiology at
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597:"Safety Assessment of Nitrocellulose and Collodion as Used in Cosmetics"
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WATCH: George
Eastman House "The Collodion – Photographic Processes"
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became familiar with the collodion wet plate and collodion-albumen
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The process required great skill and included the following steps:
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Flammable, syrupy solution of nitrocellulose in ether and alcohol
511:"On ether glue or liquor constringens; and its uses in surgery,"
505:, one of several investigators who had independently discovered
483:"Discovery and application of the new liquid adhesive plaster,"
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Initially, the French referred to cellulose nitrate as
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Origins and the process of creating a collodion print
69:. They devised a mixture of ether as the solvent and
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Load the plate holder into the camera, withdraw the
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as a Young Woman" print from wet collodion negative
686:Getting started in Wet Plate Collodion Photography
88:
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175:or orange tent (the plate is sensitive only to
501:This claim was contested by the Swiss chemist
103:Anonymous "A Veteran with his Wife", ambrotype
335:Non-flexible collodion is used in theatrical
369:processes which he would later adapt to his
632:The Getty Museum: The Wet Collodion Process
296:Many wart-remover preparations consist of
134:. This process also produced two types of
554:"On the use of collodion in photography,"
649:Making a Photograph During the Brady Era
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251:or a horse and covered wagon were used.
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98:
18:
536:The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
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486:The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
254:
698:
681:Civil War Reenactors Photography Forum
275:in which the emulsion was coated with
157:Clean the glass plate (extremely well)
30:, collodion print by Frank S. Herrmann
664:Collodion: Material Safety Data Sheet
342:Collodion is used in the cleaning of
318:(pyroxylin) solution is also used in
618: 1855, wet collodion negative,
552:Frederick Scott Archer (March 1851)
595:Cosmetic Ingredient Review (2013),
351:away, taking contamination with it.
183:sensitising bath (for 3–5 minutes)
61:and Florès Domonte discovered that
37:is a flammable, syrupy solution of
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644:Step by Step Wet Plate Photography
179:light) and immerse the plate in a
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509:. See: C. F. Schoenbein (1849)
458:Ménard and Florès Domonte (1846)
310:treatment of warts by keratolysis
446:"Observations sur la xyloïdine,"
89:Wet-plate collodion photography
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503:Christian Friedrich Schönbein
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160:In the light, pour "salted" (
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481:John Parker Maynard (1848)
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308:collodion base used in the
261:Queen's College, Birmingham
200:Develop the plate (using a
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263:(a predecessor college of
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85:of Boston, Massachusetts.
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530:Maynard, John P. (1867).
399:also contain collodion.
711:Photographic chemicals
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384:in his development of
380:Collodion was used by
377:production techniques.
171:Take the plate into a
124:Frederick Scott Archer
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112:Julia Margaret Cameron
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65:could be dissolved in
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669:Compound W data sheet
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563:(19) : 257–258.
265:Birmingham University
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22:
614:Rev. David Leavitt,
255:Dry collodion plates
211:Fix the plate (with
59:Louis-Nicolas Ménard
620:Library of Congress
460:"Sur la pyroxyline"
674:2019-05-28 at the
637:2014-10-19 at the
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470: : 1187–1188.
217:sodium thiosulfate
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23:Alfred Stieglitz,
520: : 289–290.
462:(On pyroxyline),
415:Collodion process
213:potassium cyanide
95:Collodion process
63:cellulose nitrate
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361:While in Paris,
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146:(also known as
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507:nitrocellulose
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464:Comptes rendus
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410:Collodion baby
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395:Some types of
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320:liquid bandage
316:Nitrocellulose
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302:salicylic acid
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285:silver bromide
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181:silver nitrate
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93:Main article:
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83:Dr. A.A. Gould
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39:nitrocellulose
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242:lavender oil
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654:John Coffer
557:The Chemist
532:"Collodion"
397:nail polish
363:René Dagron
298:acetic acid
273:photography
249:wheelbarrow
28: 1894
700:Categories
514:The Lancet
439:pyroxyline
421:References
356:microscope
330:Other uses
281:gum arabic
232:made from
195:dark slide
188:dark slide
716:Cellulose
659:Collodion
435:xyloïdine
371:microfilm
367:dry plate
348:telescope
322:products.
269:dry plate
225:safelight
206:developer
148:ferrotype
140:ambrotype
136:positives
132:negatives
128:egg white
122:In 1851,
57:In 1846,
35:Collodion
672:Archived
635:Archived
542:: 36–39.
404:See also
390:dynamite
375:Stanhope
346:such as
277:gelatine
271:used in
234:sandarac
173:darkroom
142:and the
79:kollodis
306:acetone
291:Medical
238:alcohol
230:varnish
166:bromide
144:tintype
71:ethanol
53:History
47:alcohol
344:optics
337:makeup
304:in an
204:based
162:iodide
138:: the
75:Boston
67:ether
43:ether
466:… ,
451:… ,
437:and
373:and
300:and
240:and
177:blue
114:'s "
45:and
616:ca.
279:or
215:or
150:).
41:in
702::
540:75
538:.
534:.
516:,
490:38
488:,
468:23
453:23
441::
244:.
236:,
164:,
25:c.
576:.
561:2
518:1
392:.
358:.
312:.
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208:)
190:.
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