1210:
930:
718:
732:
1004:
973:, from both the anglophone and francophone communities, made up the majority of the defenders. The militia of Quebec City was divided into two sections in 1775—'Canadian Militia' drawn from the francophone population, and 'British Militia' made up of anglophones. During the siege of Quebec, both were issued with the same uniform: green coat without lapels, with green facings; buff waistcoats and breeches; tricorne hat. The uniforms were drawn from stocks sent from Britain in the summer of 1775 for a proposed but never raised corps of Canadian light infantry.
1719:
1696:
520:
1788:
1765:
1742:
1675:
1653:
1631:
1611:
1589:
1569:
1549:
1529:
1506:
1483:
1460:
1438:
143:
1127:
657:
24:
1180:
1415:
1395:
1375:
1352:
1329:
819:. The British response was to create new "ranger" and "light infantry" units adept at woodland warfare. When France ceded Canada to Great Britain in 1763, defence of the territory remained a duty shared by Canadian and British colonists, Indian nations, and the regular forces of Britain. As the colonies advanced to nationhood, its people were called to their own defence three times in the next 100 years.
988:
who had remained loyal to the United
Kingdom. Since many of the new Canadians were also veterans of Loyalist regiments, they brought both the British sympathies and the military training to establish competent professional forces to oppose the perceived American threat. Called "fencibles", the new
1279:
in the
Niagara region, then withdrawing quickly back across the border. This was the largest and best-organized raid, and militia units, again primarily the Queen's Own Rifles and Hamilton's 13th Battalion, were called out. The engagement ended with Fenian victory at Ridgeway, but the Fenians
759:
in 1665, militia corps were the only defence of New France. In the long struggle between the French and
British colonies, they were organized into companies, usually one per church parish, and structured in the same way as a regular French infantry company. The Governor General,
965:. There were only two British regiments in the colony of Quebec. Companies of Canadian volunteers had to be raised to support the regular troops. Pro-American sympathies were a problem among the anglophone company raised by the Montreal merchants. In November 1775, Governor
1280:
withdrew back to the United States through Fort Erie, where another skirmish was fought before the invaders withdrew across the
Niagara River. Militia units skirmished with the Fenians sporadically until 1871. The raids ended after unsuccessful attacks during the
772:, leggings, a blanket, moccasins, a knife and two shirts, The clothing did not constitute a military uniform but was simply Canadian-style civilian wear. Since these men were not paid, this was a relatively economical way of maintaining an effective militia.
2285:. In addition to using the forts already built by the previous French regime, the British Army, and Canadian militia units, also built their own fortifications. The following British-built fortifications were used by members of the Canadian militia:
989:
units were organized within the
British army, but charged wholly with the defence of their home colonies. Their professional presence also enhanced training for the citizen militia and established many traditions that continue to modern times.
751:, where colonists were required to serve in local militia to support regular units of the French army and navy. In 1651, Pierre Boucher received a commission of captain from the governor of New France and asked to raise militia corps in
1112:
restored all pre-war boundaries. Canadians, meanwhile, discovered the seeds of nationhood in their victories and their sacrifices, while their allies, the Indian nations, saw their hopes for secure boundaries of their own vanish.
1816:
Forts were utilized by both French and
British militia units throughout Canada's colonial history. The following forts built by the authorities of New France were used by its military, including its militia units:
1225:, which authorized the raising of an initial force of 5,000 (later increased to 10,000) regulars. The act was passed to raise an active force of militia which could partially compensate for the withdrawal of
1031:
took the opportunity to declare war and launch another attempt to capture Canada and expand westward into Indian territories. While
British redcoats did most of the fighting in the
1077:, south of Montreal. With only a force of Canadian regulars and militia supported by allied Indians, de Salaberry turned back a larger column of Americans advancing on Montreal.
1209:
1292:
border. The
Fenians accomplished little, but the Canadian colonies came to recognize a shared need for a vigilant and coordinated defence: a key factor leading to
2118:
1907:
1450:
550:
187:
1427:
1495:
1108:, and in numerous naval engagements on the Great Lakes. When the war concluded in 1815, nothing material had changed for the European powers. The
453:
1472:
619:
929:
355:
2910:
mhg.gc.ca/html/br-ex/search-eng.asp?Num=20&letter=Q&No=0&N=20001+100185+10004+1775&t=0&NoT=31&page=1&Ne=900000
1144:
678:
88:
41:
2617:
863:
788:) of the Canadian militia made them a formidable adversary. Perhaps the two most famous Canadian attacks against New England were the
614:
However, the term "militia" was also used to refer to the
Canadian regular professional land forces, beginning with the passing of the
60:
2533:
2872:
494:
438:
1272:. In Hamilton, the 13th Battalion (today's Royal Hamilton Light Infantry) mobilized over two hundred soldiers for frontier service.
543:
67:
175:
2386:
630:(NPAM). The terms PAM and NPAM continued to be used in Canada until 1940, when the Canadian militias was reorganized into the
2569:
1811:
448:
74:
2432:
2202:
2162:
2099:
471:
969:
organized the defenders of Quebec City to face a siege by the
American rebels. British regular troops were few in number.
2936:
2931:
1269:
536:
124:
2801:
2574:
2407:
1249:
966:
954:
400:
170:
56:
2472:
1166:
1066:. Brock then led a force of his troops along with colonial militia, fencibles and Tecumseh's Indians to capture Fort
998:
704:
325:
107:
686:
906:
was raised in the colony 1720). The Mi'kmaq and Acadian militias continued to fight in Nova Scotia throughout the
871:
867:
827:
600:
245:
209:
2221:
2197:
764:, arranged during the 1690s to provide all militiamen with clothing and equipment. This consisted generally of a
626:. After PAM's formation, the remaining sedentary colonial militia regiments were collectively referred to as the
216:
717:
1233:. Although additional British troops were re-deployed to Canada to deter a potential Union invasion during the
1148:
981:
682:
45:
2593:
2427:
476:
756:
588:
2355:
1012:
731:
627:
165:
2752:
2646:
2622:
2598:
2510:
2310:
2305:
1885:
1085:
1016:
761:
504:
310:
886:. After the conquest, the Mi'kmaq, Acadian and Maliseet militias continued to fight the British through
81:
2747:
2641:
2515:
2368:
1260:
within striking distance. In response, 20,000 Canadians volunteered for militia service, many from the
946:
875:
370:
290:
132:
2247:
2926:
2497:
2181:
2157:
2057:
1093:
924:
895:
816:
280:
2901:
John Grenier. Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia. 1710-1760. Oklahoma University Press. 2008.
752:
2176:
808:
789:
667:
623:
499:
365:
1187:
The militia were actively engaged in the Rebellions of 1837–1838, as well as the aftermath of the
949:, plans to invade Canada were drawn up as the first major military initiative by the newly formed
2242:
1708:
1253:
1137:
938:
845:
671:
596:
405:
295:
34:
2237:
1957:
1293:
1192:
1097:
977:
726:
572:
360:
204:
182:
1035:, Canadian militia and allied Indian warriors proved to be a vital part of Canada's defence.
721:
Re-creation of part of the clothing issued to the French colonial militia in the 17th century.
2796:
2756:
2650:
2626:
2602:
2578:
2436:
2314:
2258:
1281:
1074:
1054:). As soon as war was declared, Brock hastened to capture the American post on Lake Huron at
907:
903:
879:
800:
390:
350:
285:
260:
221:
160:
2776:
2451:
2373:
2078:
2036:
1864:
1601:
1237:, this force played an instrumental role in the defence of Canada from that point forward.
1089:
1047:
891:
887:
443:
340:
275:
2880:
2846:
8:
2761:
2655:
2631:
2607:
2583:
2553:
2456:
2441:
2319:
2269:
2226:
2146:
2124:
2083:
2041:
2020:
1978:
1935:
1924:
1913:
1891:
1848:
1837:
1222:
899:
883:
736:
615:
584:
335:
265:
1003:
2737:
2716:
2417:
2015:
1364:
1341:
1318:
1276:
1261:
1241:
1234:
1214:
385:
1859:
2806:
2670:
2477:
2412:
1973:
962:
804:
793:
781:
315:
250:
1807:
984:
into the Canadas, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, joined by many of the Six Nations
902:, the first British militias established in the colony (the British regulars of the
2548:
2329:
2282:
2052:
1731:
1105:
970:
950:
934:
777:
765:
604:
420:
410:
255:
192:
2711:
1038:
The merit of British professional commanders was illustrated by Major-General Sir
2665:
2216:
1989:
1665:
1245:
1109:
1055:
812:
635:
345:
270:
2135:
2113:
2094:
2010:
1968:
1793:
1770:
1754:
1747:
1680:
1658:
1636:
1616:
1594:
1574:
1554:
1534:
1511:
1488:
1465:
1443:
1257:
1024:
773:
375:
2706:
2920:
2726:
1994:
1946:
1880:
1724:
1701:
1028:
631:
524:
395:
320:
2031:
953:. The objective of the campaign was to gain military control of the British
2771:
2696:
2675:
2559:
2538:
2482:
2462:
2397:
2340:
2073:
1902:
1777:
1226:
1204:
634:. The term Militia is still used to refer to the Canadian Army's part-time
330:
305:
2825:
Colonial administration at the time of the fortification's establishment.
2528:
2334:
1842:
1643:
1230:
1188:
1179:
1059:
1039:
1032:
1008:
769:
608:
300:
240:
1951:
1518:
1151: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
748:
607:
was the name used for the local sedentary militia regiments throughout
576:
380:
2281:
Military fortifications continued to be used by the British after the
1062:, his success earned the admiration and loyalty of the Indian leader,
2685:
2492:
2350:
1092:. Many engagements proved to be bloody but indecisive, including the
1081:
744:
592:
1275:
The first serious raid came in June 1866 with 850 Fenians attacking
1126:
656:
23:
2391:
2263:
1929:
1289:
1191:, which involved American groups invading the Canadas, such as the
1063:
985:
958:
785:
415:
2731:
2690:
2140:
1265:
1213:
Funeral for Canadian Volunteer Militia members killed during the
1101:
1067:
1043:
568:
858:
Until the establishment of Halifax (1749), the militia units in
842:
District of Trois-Rivière: 1,300 militiamen 1,100 to Quebec City
839:
District of Montreal: 5,455 militiamen 4,200 sent to Quebec City
2186:
2062:
1999:
1869:
1420:
1400:
1380:
1357:
1334:
1285:
1051:
859:
622:, the act created the Active Militia, later referred to as the
580:
1264:. Several hundred soldiers were quickly deployed from nearby
1221:
In 1855, the Parliament of the Province of Canada passed the
1073:
In the east, the French Canadians fought a crucial battle at
862:(present day Nova Scotia and New Brunswick) were primarily
822:
Approximate numbers of militiamen in New France in 1759:
799:
The success of the Canadians was underscored during the
1248:
veterans of the American Civil War who plotted to gain
1183:
Battle of the Windmill, as seen from the American shore
957:(modern day Canada), and convince the French-speaking
780:
troops found that the Indigenous-style tactics (i.e.,
1541:
Lovells Pattern 1838 musket and Double Barrel Carbine
878:
in 1710, these militias fought the New Englanders in
735:
Depiction of a French Canadian militiaman during the
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2879:. Government of Canada. 1 May 2017. Archived from
2918:
1084:hero as he repelled the American landing at the
620:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
918:
544:
591:(1605–1763), these militias were made up of
1296:of the provinces into one country in 1867.
913:
685:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1116:
961:to join the revolution on the side of the
646:
551:
537:
1167:Learn how and when to remove this message
705:Learn how and when to remove this message
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1288:and in the northwest frontier, near the
1208:
1178:
1058:. Besides closing a key crossing on the
1002:
928:
730:
716:
937:repulse an American assault during the
2919:
1050:, a French Canadian, in Lower Canada (
898:. The two latter wars saw the arrival
817:embarrassment at the Monongahela River
1812:List of French forts in North America
1521:Long Land, Short Land, India Patterns
1240:Founded in the mid 19th-century, the
1088:and Tecumseh was later killed at the
2873:"The Defence of Canada by Canadians"
2534:Saint-Paul-de-l'Île-aux-Noix, Quebec
1149:adding citations to reliable sources
1120:
836:District of Quebec: 5,640 militiamen
683:adding citations to reliable sources
650:
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
13:
2877:Canadian Military Heritage, vol. 3
2853:. Government of Canada. 1 May 2017
2851:Canadian Military Heritage, vol. 2
1070:, securing the upper Great Lakes.
743:Military service has been part of
141:
14:
2948:
999:Canadian units of the War of 1812
1786:
1763:
1740:
1717:
1694:
1673:
1651:
1629:
1609:
1587:
1567:
1547:
1527:
1504:
1481:
1458:
1436:
1413:
1393:
1373:
1350:
1327:
1270:The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada
1125:
833:Canadien Cavalry: 200 cavalrymen
655:
518:
22:
2802:Military history of the Mi'kmaq
2222:Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec
1198:
1136:needs additional citations for
747:life since the 17th century in
33:needs additional citations for
2904:
2895:
2865:
2839:
2819:
992:
575:in 1867. During the period of
1:
2832:
2356:Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
2287:
1819:
1299:
1100:, the burning of both York (
628:Non-Permanent Active Militia
57:"Colonial militia in Canada"
7:
2790:
2387:Fort de l'Île Sainte-Hélène
1268:, many of them coming from
1258:Britain's overseas colonies
1086:Battle of Queenston Heights
1017:Battle of Queenston Heights
762:Louis de Buade de Frontenac
755:. Until the arrival of the
565:colonial militias in Canada
10:
2953:
2937:British colonial regiments
2932:Military history of Canada
2516:Fort Lawrence, Nova Scotia
1805:
1202:
996:
947:American Revolutionary War
922:
919:American Revolutionary War
757:Carignan-Salières Regiment
724:
641:
291:American Revolutionary War
2498:Saint John, New Brunswick
2182:Saint John, New Brunswick
2058:Saint John, New Brunswick
1709:Spencer rifle and carbine
1046:) and Lieutenant-Colonel
980:came an exodus of 40,000
933:British regulars and the
925:Invasion of Quebec (1775)
853:
296:French Revolutionary Wars
2812:
1801:
1387:Fusil de Grenadier Tulle
976:In the aftermath of the
914:British colonial militia
790:Siege of Pemaquid (1696)
624:Permanent Active Militia
567:were made up of various
2243:Louisbourg, Nova Scotia
1808:List of forts in Canada
1117:Rebellions of 1837–1838
1027:engaged in Europe, the
809:defeat at Great Meadows
647:French colonial militia
311:Rebellions of 1837–1838
2781:Colony of Nova Scotia
2520:Colony of Nova Scotia
2502:Colony of Nova Scotia
2378:Colony of Nova Scotia
2360:Colony of Nova Scotia
2238:Fortress of Louisbourg
2119:La Vallée-du-Richelieu
1908:La Vallée-du-Richelieu
1310:Period or Years in Use
1244:was an association of
1218:
1193:Battle of the Windmill
1184:
1098:Niagara Falls, Ontario
1094:Battle of Lundy's Lane
1020:
978:American Revolutionary
942:
896:Father Le Loutre's War
874:. Before the British
740:
727:Military of New France
722:
281:Father Le Loutre's War
146:
2847:"The 1855 Volunteers"
2797:Canadian Armed Forces
1407:Fusil de Chasse Tulle
1313:Manufacturer/Origins
1282:Battle of Eccles Hill
1212:
1203:Further information:
1182:
1011:urges members of the
1006:
932:
923:Further information:
908:French and Indian War
904:40th Regiment of Foot
801:French and Indian War
734:
725:Further information:
720:
603:. Traditionally, the
161:Canadian Armed Forces
145:
2777:Halifax, Nova Scotia
2374:Halifax, Nova Scotia
2079:Youngstown, New York
2037:Ogdensburg, New York
1865:Aulac, New Brunswick
1602:Pattern 1853 Enfield
1145:improve this article
1090:Battle of the Thames
1048:Charles de Salaberry
945:In 1775, during the
679:improve this section
595:(French Canadians),
341:North-West Rebellion
42:improve this article
2883:on 15 December 2017
2554:Niagara-on-the-Lake
2457:Niagara-on-the-Lake
1925:Fort de la Montagne
1838:Citadelle of Quebec
1561:Pattern 1842 Musket
1451:William III Carbine
1229:as a result of the
1015:forward during the
1007:A mortally wounded
616:Militia Act of 1855
585:Newfoundland Colony
336:Red River Rebellion
2738:Province of Canada
2717:Province of Canada
2418:Province of Canada
2016:La Prairie, Quebec
1581:Pattern 1851 Rifle
1252:independence from
1242:Fenian Brotherhood
1235:American Civil War
1219:
1215:Battle of Ridgeway
1185:
1023:In 1812, with the
1021:
955:Province of Quebec
943:
880:King William's War
876:Conquest of Acadia
741:
723:
326:American Civil War
261:King William's War
147:
2807:Provincial Marine
2788:
2787:
2671:Prescott, Ontario
2478:Kingston, Ontario
2413:Kingston, Ontario
2294:Present location
2279:
2278:
1974:Kingston, Ontario
1826:Present location
1799:
1798:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1042:in Upper Canada (
963:Thirteen Colonies
892:King George's War
888:Father Rale's War
805:George Washington
794:Raid on Deerfield
782:guerrilla warfare
778:colonial American
715:
714:
707:
561:
560:
525:Canada portal
356:Russian Civil War
316:Fraser Canyon War
276:King George's War
271:Father Rale's War
251:Acadian Civil War
246:Anglo-French War)
118:
117:
110:
92:
2944:
2927:Canadian Militia
2911:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2843:
2826:
2823:
2549:Fort Mississauga
2330:Fort Amherstburg
2297:Historic colony
2288:
2283:conquest of 1760
2198:Fort Saint Louis
2053:Fort Menagoueche
1829:Historic colony
1820:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1732:Westley Richards
1723:
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1508:
1507:
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1439:
1428:Queen Ann Musket
1419:
1417:
1416:
1399:
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1396:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1356:
1354:
1353:
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1303:
1227:British regulars
1172:
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1152:
1129:
1121:
971:Canadian militia
951:Continental Army
939:Battle of Quebec
935:Canadian militia
900:Gorham's Rangers
884:Queen Anne's War
830:– 150 militiamen
737:Seven Years' War
710:
703:
699:
696:
690:
659:
651:
618:. Passed by the
605:Canadian Militia
553:
546:
539:
523:
522:
521:
286:Seven Years' War
266:Queen Anne's War
256:Anglo-Dutch Wars
188:Crown and Forces
144:
133:Military history
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18:
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2666:Fort Wellington
2618:Fort Waldegrave
2217:Fort Senneville
2205:, Newfoundland
2177:Fort Saint-Jean
2165:, Newfoundland
2102:, Newfoundland
1990:Fort Gaspareaux
1954:, Pennsylvania
1860:Fort Beauséjour
1814:
1804:
1787:
1785:
1764:
1762:
1741:
1739:
1718:
1716:
1695:
1693:
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1672:
1666:Brunswick rifle
1652:
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1630:
1628:
1623:Lancaster Rifle
1610:
1608:
1588:
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1505:
1503:
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1294:a confederation
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1119:
1110:Treaty of Ghent
1056:Michilimackinac
1001:
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927:
921:
916:
872:Acadian militia
856:
851:
828:Acadian Militia
813:Edward Braddock
729:
711:
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694:
691:
676:
660:
649:
644:
636:Primary Reserve
557:
519:
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346:Second Boer War
236:
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2940:
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2934:
2929:
2913:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2864:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2596:
2594:Fort Townshend
2590:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2430:
2428:Fort Frederick
2424:
2423:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2408:Fort Frederick
2404:
2403:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2114:Fort Richelieu
2110:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2095:Fort Plaisance
2091:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2013:
2011:Fort Laprairie
2007:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1971:
1969:Fort Frontenac
1965:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:United Kingdom
1783:
1780:
1778:Snider Enfield
1774:
1773:
1771:United Kingdom
1760:
1758:
1751:
1750:
1748:United Kingdom
1737:
1735:
1728:
1727:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1681:United Kingdom
1670:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:United Kingdom
1648:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:United Kingdom
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1617:United Kingdom
1606:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:United Kingdom
1584:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1575:United Kingdom
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:United Kingdom
1544:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1535:United Kingdom
1524:
1522:
1515:
1514:
1512:United Kingdom
1501:
1498:
1496:Elliot Carbine
1492:
1491:
1489:United Kingdom
1478:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:United Kingdom
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:United Kingdom
1433:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1370:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1347:
1345:
1338:
1337:
1324:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1246:Irish-American
1200:
1197:
1175:
1174:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1025:United Kingdom
997:Main article:
994:
991:
920:
917:
915:
912:
855:
852:
850:
849:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
824:
753:Trois-Rivières
713:
712:
663:
661:
654:
648:
645:
643:
640:
599:, British and
559:
558:
556:
555:
548:
541:
533:
530:
529:
528:
527:
512:
511:
508:
507:
502:
500:Historiography
497:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
474:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
451:
446:
441:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
424:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
376:October Crisis
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
225:
224:
219:
214:
213:
212:
202:
201:
200:
190:
185:
180:
179:
178:
173:
168:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
138:
137:
129:
128:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2949:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2907:
2898:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2838:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:New Fort York
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:Lévis, Quebec
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:Fort Lawrence
2509:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2274:
2272:, New France
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:, New France
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:, New France
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:Newfoundland
2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:, New France
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:Newfoundland
2167:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:, New France
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2127:, New France
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:Newfoundland
2104:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2086:, New France
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:, New France
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:, New France
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:, New France
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:, New France
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Strait Shores
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:, New France
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:, New France
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Fort Duquesne
1945:
1944:
1940:
1938:, New France
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:, New France
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:, New France
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1881:Fort Carillon
1879:
1878:
1874:
1872:, New France
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1851:, New France
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1795:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:United States
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:United States
1692:
1689:
1687:Starr Carbine
1686:
1685:
1682:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:by attacking
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1171:
1168:
1160:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1134:This section
1132:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:Brock died a
1078:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:United States
1026:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1000:
990:
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
940:
936:
931:
926:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
847:
846:First Nations
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
825:
823:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
738:
733:
728:
719:
709:
706:
698:
688:
684:
680:
674:
673:
669:
664:This section
662:
658:
653:
652:
639:
637:
633:
632:Canadian Army
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:First Nations
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:Confederation
570:
566:
554:
549:
547:
542:
540:
535:
534:
532:
531:
526:
516:
515:
514:
513:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
486:
485:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
463:
462:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
433:Installations
430:
429:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
396:Yugoslav Wars
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
321:Chilcotin War
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
232:
231:
223:
220:
218:
215:
211:
208:
207:
206:
203:
199:
196:
195:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
158:
154:History of...
151:
150:
140:
139:
136:
131:
130:
126:
122:
121:
112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2906:
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2881:the original
2876:
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2850:
2841:
2821:
2772:York Redoubt
2762:Newfoundland
2757:Newfoundland
2697:Upper Canada
2676:Upper Canada
2656:Newfoundland
2651:Newfoundland
2642:Fort William
2632:Newfoundland
2627:Newfoundland
2608:Newfoundland
2603:Newfoundland
2584:Newfoundland
2579:Newfoundland
2560:Upper Canada
2539:Lower Canada
2483:Upper Canada
2463:Upper Canada
2442:Newfoundland
2437:Newfoundland
2398:Lower Canada
2369:Citadel Hill
2341:Upper Canada
2320:Newfoundland
2315:Newfoundland
2306:Fort Amherst
2300:Established
2280:
2136:Fort Rouillé
2074:Fort Niagara
1903:Fort Chambly
1832:Established
1815:
1473:Nock Carbine
1274:
1262:Orange Order
1254:British rule
1239:
1220:
1205:Fenian Raids
1199:Fenian Raids
1186:
1163:
1154:
1143:Please help
1138:verification
1135:
1079:
1072:
1037:
1022:
1013:York Militia
975:
944:
857:
821:
798:
742:
701:
692:
677:Please help
665:
613:
564:
562:
495:Bibliography
449:French forts
444:Armed Forces
361:World War II
331:Fenian raids
306:Pemmican War
222:Peacekeeping
197:
183:Conscription
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
2887:15 December
2857:15 December
2748:Signal Hill
2707:Lévis Forts
2529:Fort Lennox
2452:Fort George
2335:Amherstburg
2259:The Citadel
1888:, New York
1886:Ticonderoga
1843:Quebec City
1644:Baker rifle
1365:Charleville
1342:Charleville
1319:Charleville
1277:at Ridgeway
1231:Crimean War
1223:Militia Act
1189:Patriot War
1157:August 2021
1075:Châteauguay
1060:Great Lakes
1040:Isaac Brock
1033:War of 1812
1009:Issac Brock
993:War of 1812
770:breechcloth
609:the Canadas
589:Nova Scotia
401:Afghanistan
371:Vietnam War
351:World War I
301:War of 1812
241:Beaver Wars
217:Nova Scotia
2921:Categories
2833:References
2753:St. John's
2734:, Ontario
2693:, Ontario
2647:St. John's
2623:St. John's
2599:St. John's
2570:Fort Point
2556:, Ontario
2473:Fort Henry
2459:, Ontario
2337:, Ontario
2311:St. John's
2248:Île-Royale
2158:Fort Royal
2143:, Ontario
2032:Fort Lévis
1952:Pittsburgh
1806:See also:
1782:1860s–1901
1519:Brown Bess
1477:1780–1790s
1307:Model/Type
1106:Washington
749:New France
577:New France
505:Historians
472:Operations
381:Oka Crisis
366:Korean War
205:New France
98:March 2009
68:newspapers
2686:Fort York
2493:Fort Howe
2433:Placentia
2394:, Quebec
2351:Fort Anne
2266:, Quebec
2203:Plaisance
2163:Placentia
2121:, Quebec
2100:Plaisance
1958:Louisiana
1932:, Quebec
1910:, Quebec
1845:, Quebec
1432:1702–1714
1300:Equipment
982:Loyalists
959:Canadiens
695:July 2023
666:does not
593:Canadiens
571:prior to
439:Air Force
235:Conflicts
176:Air Force
135:of Canada
2791:See also
2392:Montreal
2264:Montreal
1930:Montreal
1290:Manitoba
1082:Canadian
1064:Tecumseh
986:Iroquois
967:Carleton
868:Maliseet
796:(1704).
792:and the
786:scalping
745:Canadian
601:Acadians
569:militias
489:Research
416:Mali War
406:Iraq War
386:Gulf War
198:Colonial
125:a series
123:Part of
2732:Toronto
2691:Toronto
2575:Trinity
2141:Toronto
1755:Peabody
1266:Toronto
1250:Ireland
1102:Toronto
1068:Detroit
1044:Ontario
864:Mi'kmaq
848:: 1,800
774:British
687:removed
672:sources
642:History
391:Somalia
193:Militia
82:scholar
2402:1820s
2270:Canada
2227:Canada
2187:Acadia
2147:Canada
2125:Canada
2084:Canada
2063:Acadia
2042:Canada
2021:Canada
2000:Acadia
1979:Canada
1936:Canada
1914:Canada
1892:Canada
1870:Acadia
1849:Canada
1791:
1768:
1745:
1722:
1699:
1678:
1656:
1634:
1614:
1592:
1572:
1552:
1532:
1509:
1486:
1463:
1441:
1421:France
1418:
1401:France
1398:
1381:France
1378:
1358:France
1355:
1335:France
1332:
1286:Quebec
1104:) and
1052:Quebec
894:, and
860:Acadia
854:Acadia
766:capote
587:, and
581:Acadia
210:Acadia
127:on the
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
2813:Notes
2784:1793
2766:1762
2742:1840
2721:1865
2701:1793
2680:1813
2660:1698
2636:1798
2612:1775
2588:1744
2564:1814
2543:1819
2523:1750
2505:1777
2487:1812
2467:1796
2446:1721
2422:1846
2381:1749
2363:1629
2345:1796
2324:1770
2291:Name
2275:1690
2253:1713
2232:1671
2211:1662
2192:1666
2171:1687
2152:1750
2130:1641
2108:1662
2089:1678
2068:1751
2047:1759
2026:1687
2005:1751
1984:1673
1963:1754
1941:1685
1919:1675
1897:1755
1875:1751
1854:1673
1823:Name
1802:Forts
1757:Rifle
1734:Rifle
1713:1860s
1690:1860s
1500:1770s
1096:near
466:Lists
411:Libya
89:JSTOR
75:books
2889:2017
2859:2017
1810:and
1367:1746
1344:1728
1321:1717
882:and
870:and
866:,
811:and
776:and
768:, a
670:any
668:cite
579:and
563:The
477:Wars
454:Navy
421:ISIL
171:Navy
166:Army
61:news
1284:in
1147:by
815:'s
807:'s
803:by
681:by
44:by
2923::
2875:.
2849:.
2755:,
2649:,
2625:,
2601:,
2577:,
2435:,
2313:,
1195:.
910:.
890:,
784:,
638:.
611:.
583:,
2891:.
2861:.
1217:.
1170:)
1164:(
1159:)
1155:(
1141:.
1019:.
941:.
739:.
708:)
702:(
697:)
693:(
689:.
675:.
552:e
545:t
538:v
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
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