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935:. "Even the tiny and illegal Polish Communist Party announced support for what they termed Piłsudski's 'revolutionary armies'." The railway workers were vital, because during the fighting they blocked troop trains trying to deliver reinforcements for the government. On 14 May, the government leaders decided to stop resisting the coup and resigned.
967:. However, the removal of the Warski group from leadership resulted in the party plunged into isolation as it embarked on the "Third Period". Endorsed by the KPP's Fifth Congress in 1930, the Third Period saw the party routinely describing the PPS as fascist and revolution was claimed to be imminent. As the country was hit severely by the
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The KPP was guided by
Marxist ideology under a strictly orthodox interpretation. It opposed the establishment of a politically independent Poland. Its activists functioned as party members and government officials in Soviet Russia. The KPP was against land reform (distribution of property to landless
873:
in March 1925 with the slogan "Bolshevisation of the party". This meant that the basic party unit was to be a workplace cell and an all-powerful party apparatus was constructed to decide policy. All factional tendencies were banned. Significantly, the party's name was contracted to "Communist Party
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The period of 1921–1926 saw relative political freedom in Poland and the KPRP took advantage of the opportunities. Gains in membership were initially made from the ranks of the reformist workers' organisations and in the late 1920s from a left-wing faction of the PPS, led by
Stanislaw Lancucki and
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of 1926 (the party's "May error"). From 1933, the KPP was increasingly treated with suspicion by the
Comintern. The party structures were seen as compromised due to infiltration by agents of the Polish military intelligence. Some of the party leaders, falsely accused of being such agents, were
605:
fled or were brought to the Soviet Union and were shot there, along with many other activists (almost all prominent Polish communists were murdered or sent to labor camps). The
Comintern, in reality directed by Stalin, in 1938 had the party dissolved and liquidated.
862:. The main prosecutor in the case against the Polish leadership was Julian Leszczyński, but the Polish Commission was chaired by Stalin. Leszczyński was appointed, without reference to a party congress, to the new party central committee. His task was to "
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The debate over the "May error" was getting increasingly venomous before and during the party's Fourth
Congress in September 1927 in Moscow. In the aftermath, two representatives of the Comintern were placed on the Polish party's Central Committee: the
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of 1919–21. During the fighting, the KPRP's legal status was legislatively taken away; the communist party would remain an underground organization in Poland until its demise. Due to the support for the government provided by pro-independence
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Poland and liquidated. Next almost the entire leading cadre of the party became embroiled in the purges and murdered. Many were summoned to Moscow for "consultations". Among those killed were: Albert
Bronkowski, Władysław Stein-Krajewski,
1134:
peasants). It aimed to organize the working class and to unify the trade union movement. It adhered to policies established by the
Comintern in Moscow. Its status was illegal, as it refused to register as a political party.
942:, which it called fascist. The KPP leaders directly aided the coup, for which they would pay a steep price. After the events Stalin sharply denounced the KPP leadership and they were eventually ousted for their "May error".
114:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
816:. The party founded the Red Factions within the unions. An electoral list called the "Union of Town and Country Proletariat" was constructed and the party managed to win 130,000 votes and two parliamentary seats in the
886:
contrary to those of the
Comintern. It was removed from office by yet another Polish Commission. Warski returned to the leadership and the party again pursued attempts to build a united front with the PPS.
931:(PPS), retained in many circles a reputation as a friend of the Left and the Polish communists were among those confused by his present actions. When railway workers went on strike, the PPS declared a
100:
913:
Poland's democratically elected coalition government was conflicted and in 1926 faced serious trouble of economic and other nature. On 12 May, the still-popular, semi-retired
General
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The party's Second
Congress gathered in Moscow in August 1923. The leadership overhauled the party program, particularly with regard to the land and national questions, where more
789:(KPZB); substantial growth in membership was experienced there at this time. In the area of operation of KPP proper (western and central Poland numerically dominated by ethnic
558:-held prosecutions, aimed at eradicating the various "deviations" and ending usually in death sentences, took place in 1937–38, with the last executions carried out in 1940.
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policies were adopted. Autonomous sections of the party were recognised as needed in Poland's eastern regions, which were heavily inhabited by ethnically non-Polish groups (
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Despite the internal factional struggles, the party grew during this period, attracting support from the minorities and among the working class. It participated in the
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of Poland" (KPP). Despite being endorsed by the leadership of the Comintern, Leszczyński's leadership group was independently minded enough to adopt positions on
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The Polish party was independently minded, and in the Polish Commission convened at the Comintern's Fifth Congress (1924), made efforts to defend both
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support. The KPRP remained a small minority of the leftist movement, in part because of Luxemburg's position that Poland should remain a province of
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Duraczyński, Eugeniusz (2012). Stalin. Twórca i dyktator supermocarstwa , pp. 172–175 Warsaw: Akademia Humanistyczna im. Aleksandra Gieysztora.
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in Poland and was then subjected to further persecutions by the Comintern, which also arbitrarily accused the Polish communists of harboring
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1453:(2012). The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War, p. 368. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
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Decision of Presidium of Executive Committee of Comintern (IKKI) from 16.08.1938 dissolving Communist Party of Poland. Signatures:
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of the "majority" faction, more moderate and dominant in the party until at least 1924. The "minority" faction was later led by
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for unity, which both rebuffed. The communists tried to infiltrate organisations alien to the workers' movement, such as the
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In the mid and late 1930s, the KPP became a victim of paranoia and suspicion that engulfed the communist movement led by
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Brzoza, Czesław (2003). Polska w czasach niepodległości i II wojny światowej (1918–1945) , pp. 237–238. Kraków: Fogra.
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The Communist Party of Poland (until 1925 the Communist Workers' Party of Poland) was an organization of the radical
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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among other "deviations"; on August 16, 1938 dissolved by the Comintern. Most of the KPP activists perished in the
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Brzoza, Czesław; Sowa, Andrzej Leon (2009). Historia Polski 1918–1945 , p. 288. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.
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regime, which turned out to likely save the lives of a number of future Polish communist leaders, including
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Wereszycki, Henryk (1990). Historia polityczna Polski 1864–1918 . Pages 242–243, 275. Wrocław: Ossolineum.
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This article is about the party that existed from 1918 to 1938. For other Polish communist parties, see
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1983:
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Brzoza, Czesław (2003). Polska w czasach niepodległości i II wojny światowej (1918–1945) , pp. 357–359.
1525:(1979), pp. 187-190 (the Polish state), 202-209 (the Polish economy), 217-232 (the coup), quote at 229.
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During Piłsudski's May coup, the KPP engaged in street battles with troops loyal to the government of
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position on the land question as understood by the Polish Marxists was abandoned, in favour of
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490:, the party's aim was to create a Polish Socialist Republic, to be included in the planned Pan-
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Agnieszka Mrozik, "Crossing Boundaries: The Case of Wanda Wasilewska and Polish Communism",
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when a faction led by Aleksander Minc joined and from two smaller Jewish socialist groups:
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960:; the KPP was no longer in a position to exercise any independence of thought and action.
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Poland between Eadt & West. Soviet & German diplomacy toward Poland 1919–1933
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Brzoza, Czesław; Sowa, Andrzej Leon (2009). Historia Polski 1918–1945 , pp. 350-354.
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and purges. A number of KPP members were accused of being agents of institutions of
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The KPRP Second Congress resolution regarding the nationality issue in Poland (1923)
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strategy was pursued by the KPP in the mid-1930s. The KPP pressed both the PPS and
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Jaff Schatz, "Jews and the Communist movement in interwar Poland", pp. 13–37, in
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in December 1941. With Stalin's permission, in January 1942 they established the
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Arriving from the Soviet Union, a group of Polish communists was parachuted into
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Commonwealth of Socialist States. The party did not support the formation of the
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White Spots Black Spots. Difficult matters in Polish-Russian relations 1918–2008
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601:). During the Great Purge, seventy members and candidate members of the party's
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Enemies within the Gates? The Comintern and the Stalinist repression, 1934–1939
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Brzoza, Czesław; Sowa, Andrzej Leon (2009). Historia Polski 1918–1945 , p. 578.
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726:. Its establishment brought no political gains for the party. The traditional
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of the PPS, efforts by the KPRP to agitate for workers' solidarity with the
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rather than regain independence. In March 1919, through its representative
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1944:
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Poland between two wars. A critical study of social and economic change
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The Conscience of the Revolution. Communist opposition in Soviet Russia
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were forestalled. However, at the height of the Red Army offensive the
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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368:
1705:
The Communist Party of Poland 1919·29: A study in political ideology
190:
1905:
1626:(1936; Estratto Annali Dell'istituto Giangiacomo Feltrinelli 1972).
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562:
1121:, but among those who survived were some of the future leaders of
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1113:, and Witold Wandurski. The leaderless party was then accused of
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groups. Unity of the Left remained an impossible goal, however.
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The views adhered to and promulgated by the leaders of the KPP (
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755:. They joined the KPRP, giving the party representation in the
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KPP members were persecuted and often imprisoned by the Polish
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from the Soviet Union to Poland for conspiratorial work were
529:) led to the party's difficult relationship with Stalin. The
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Reappraisals. Reflections on the forgotten twentieth century
644:. It followed the program of the former. Unification of the
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794:
757:
471:(PPS – Left) into the Communist Workers' Party of Poland (
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Siedmiu wspaniałych. Poczet pierwszych sekretarzy KC PZPR
1375:
404:
2771:
Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence
1487:, p. 42. Wydawnictwo Czerwone i Czarne, Warszawa 2014,
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1358:
1356:
632:
The KPRP was founded on 16 December 1918. It joined the
123:
to this template: there are already 278 articles in the
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italic font – electoral alliances and/or popular fronts
2793:
Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
971:, the KPP became embroiled in a new internal struggle.
546:. In 1935 and 1936, the KPP undertook a formation of a
465:
Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
1811:
Political parties and political associations in Poland
1774:(Oxford University 2004), edited by Jonathan Frankel.
1353:
1664:
The Communist Party of Poland. An outline of history
761:(Polish legislature). Gains were also made from the
107:
781:, the KPRP and then KPP operated as the autonomous
215:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
103:
a machine-translated version of the Polish article.
1426:
675:(Comintern or the Third International) in Moscow.
2443:Organisation of the Polish Nation – Polish League
1624:The Communist Party of Poland & the May Error
1477:
974:
533:(Comintern) condemned the KPP for its support of
463:. It resulted from a December 1918 merger of the
3286:
2925:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic
2781:Polish Socialist Party of the Prussian Partition
2362:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic
1322:
1320:
1726:The Communists of Poland. An historical outline
1549:The Communist Party of Poland and the May Error
1031:
895:
2786:Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction
1772:Dark Times, Dire Decisions. Jews and Communism
1753:(Cambridge University 1980), edited by Leslie.
1593:
1435:
1392:
149:accompanying your translation by providing an
94:Click for important translation instructions.
81:expand this article with text translated from
1795:
1409:
1317:
839:(Comintern), the Polish leaders aligned with
706:was formed on 2 August 1920. It consisted of
589:(among former KPP members transferred during
161:{{Translated|pl|Komunistyczna Partia Polski}}
1712:Bitter Glory. Poland and its fate. 1918–1939
1444:
1137:
800:In 1922, the leadership consolidated around
671:, the KPRP took part in the founding of the
2397:Jurassic-Silesian Association European Home
554:elements in their ranks. The apogee of the
57:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3260:****: not currently registered as a party
3065:Movement for the Republic – Patriotic Camp
1802:
1788:
1498:
1285:List of Polish Communist Party politicians
704:Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee
2908:Centre Agreement – Integrative Initiative
2897:Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland"
2521:Social Movement of the Republic of Poland
2417:National Party of Retirees and Pensioners
2372:Edward Gierek's Economic Revival Movement
1128:
923:. Pilsudski, who in his youth and before
648:was a prime objective behind the merger.
293:Learn how and when to remove this message
275:Learn how and when to remove this message
2940:Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action
1700:(Harmondsworth: A Penguin Special 1939).
1105:, Jerzy Heryng, Józef Feliks Ciszewski,
1035:
978:
902:
741:
678:
618:
3132:Polish Confederation – Dignity and Work
3085:Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms
2968:Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union
2831:Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth
2756:Polish People's Party "Nowe Wyzwolenie"
1666:(Harvard University 1959, 2d ed. 1976).
869:The party's Third Congress gathered at
655:, which competed with the more popular
651:The members of the new party organized
479:were a small force in Polish politics.
3287:
2488:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
473:Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski
3055:Movement for Reconstruction of Poland
2883:Agreement for the Future – CenterLeft
2632:Communist Party of Western Belorussia
2377:Farmers from the Baltic to the Tatras
1783:
1728:(Hoover Institute 1978, 2d ed. 1987).
1008:Many militants of the KPP joined the
818:legislative election of November 1922
787:Communist Party of Western Belorussia
771:United Jewish Socialist Workers Party
1714:(New York: Simon and Schuster 1979).
1656:(New York: Simon and Schuster 1960).
1614:Rewolucja. Russian Poland, 1904–1907
1368:, pp. 160–164. Published in 1970 by
763:General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland
213:adding citations to reliable sources
184:
63:
22:
3033:League of the Right of the Republic
2952:Confederation of Independent Poland
2818:Confederation of Independent Poland
1738:(London: Secker and Warburg 1944).
1153:
13:
2761:Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"
2627:Communist Party of Western Ukraine
1719:Soviet-Polish Relations, 1917–1921
797:, according to the party sources.
783:Communist Party of Western Ukraine
14:
3306:
3177:Self-Defence of the Polish Nation
2998:Feminist Initiative/Women's Party
2813:Communist Party of Poland (Mijal)
2729:Polish Christian Democratic Party
2663:Christian Union of National Unity
2468:Polish Party of Animal Protection
2232:Confederation of the Polish Crown
1996:Confederation of the Polish Crown
1300:Communist Party of Poland (Mijal)
1064:. Full original text of document.
38:This article has multiple issues.
1814:
1767:(University of Pittsburgh 2015).
1751:The History of Poland since 1863
1562:The Great Terror. A reassessment
1263:
1262:
1235:
1234:
1207:
1206:
965:1928 Polish legislative election
609:
548:unified worker and peasant front
189:
68:
27:
3157:Polish Labour Party - August 80
2974:Democratic Party – demokraci.pl
2914:Centre Agreement – Polish Union
2622:Communist Party of Poland (KPP)
1606:
1580:
1567:
1554:
1541:
1528:
1515:
1464:
200:needs additional citations for
46:or discuss these issues on the
2717:Polish-Catholic People's Party
1707:(Lewiston: Edwin Mellen 1993).
1683:(Harmondsworth: Penguin 2008).
1577:(1980), pp. 198, 219, 228-229.
1340:
975:Polish communists in the 1930s
793:), 22–26% of the members were
627:
159:You may also add the template
1:
2776:Polish Socialist Party – Left
2766:Polish Socialist Party (1892)
2751:Polish People's Party "Piast"
2695:National Radical Camp Falanga
1536:The Communist Party of Poland
1310:
1305:Polish Communist Party (2002)
542:subsequently executed in the
469:Polish Socialist Party – Left
305:Political party in Poland
3182:Self-Defence Social Movement
2842:Polish United Workers' Party
2690:National Radical Camp (1934)
2510:Silesian Separatist Movement
2422:National Radical Camp (1993)
2387:First Self-Governance League
1693:(Princeton University 1963).
1295:Polish United Workers' Party
1032:The KPP liquidated by Stalin
1024:, named for the hero of the
890:
737:
614:
7:
3193:Solidarity Electoral Action
3080:National Self-Defence Front
3075:National Party "Fatherland"
3045:Liberal Democratic Congress
2957:Conservative People's Party
2877:Alternative Social Movement
2340:Union of Christian Families
2310:Agreement (political party)
2102:Union of European Democrats
1673:(Columbia University 1977).
1273:
843:and not with the embryonic
653:Workers' Councils in Poland
445:Komunistyczna Partia Polski
316:Komunistyczna Partia Polski
224:"Communist Party of Poland"
131:will aid in categorization.
10:
3311:
3122:People's National Movement
2946:Coalition for the Republic
2498:Silesian Autonomy Movement
2483:Right Wing of the Republic
2428:National Revival of Poland
1721:(Harvard University 1969).
1671:Poland in the 20th century
1616:(Cornell University 1995).
860:Communist Party of Germany
689:The KPRP opposed Poland's
682:
636:(one of whose leaders was
498:in 1918 and supported the
106:Machine translation, like
15:
3295:Communist Party of Poland
3269:List of political parties
3238:
3137:Polish Beer-Lovers' Party
3060:Movement for the Republic
2890:Catholic Electoral Action
2859:
2805:
2700:National Radical Camp ABC
2602:
2561:
2412:League of Polish Families
2281:
2153:
2013:
1824:
1646:(Oxford University 1990).
1182:
1150:, a new communist party.
1138:The Polish Workers' Party
691:war against Soviet Russia
486:. Following the ideas of
437:Communist Party of Poland
410:
400:
391:International affiliation
390:
378:
362:
352:
338:
330:
322:
313:Communist Party of Poland
310:
83:the corresponding article
2962:Democratic Left Alliance
2930:Christian National Union
2438:Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy
2347:United Beyond Boundaries
896:The KPP and Piłsudski's
753:Jerzy Czeszejko-Sochacki
3214:Third Republic Movement
3187:Social Justice Movement
3028:League and Self-Defense
2935:Christian-Peasant Party
2824:Front of National Unity
2712:National Workers' Party
2707:National People's Union
2612:Catholic People's Party
2504:Silesian Regional Party
1745:, Jan M. Ciechanowski,
1633:(Yale University 2001).
1334:, 1 March 2017, p. 42.
1072:. It culminated in the
837:Communist International
673:Communist International
623:Names used by the party
531:Communist International
395:Communist International
380:Political position
170:For more guidance, see
3152:Polish Reason of State
3102:Patriotic Self-Defence
2673:Popular National Union
2473:Polish Communist Party
2282:Other existing parties
2133:Polish Socialist Party
1724:Jan B. de Weydenthal,
1650:Robert Vincent Daniels
1129:Policies and positions
1065:
1010:International Brigades
986:
929:Polish Socialist Party
910:
747:
657:Polish Socialist Party
624:
496:Second Polish Republic
461:Second Polish Republic
444:
18:Polish Communist Party
3162:Polish National Party
3070:National Party (1989)
3023:Labour Party (Poland)
3013:Initiative for Poland
2847:United People's Party
2837:Polish Workers' Party
2685:National Radical Camp
2651:Labour Faction (1937)
2516:Socialist Alternative
2402:Kashubian Association
2300:Alliance of Democrats
2248:Polish People's Party
2090:Polish People's Party
1959:Polish People's Party
1575:The History of Poland
1290:Polish Workers' Party
1148:Polish Workers' Party
1039:
982:
906:
745:
679:The Polish-Soviet War
622:
172:Knowledge:Translation
143:copyright attribution
2723:Polish Catholic Bloc
2668:Camp of Great Poland
2493:Self-Defence Rebirth
2392:Freedom and Equality
1703:Gabriele Simoncini,
1669:M. K. Dziewanowski,
1564:(1990), pp. 405-407.
927:was a leader of the
858:, the leader of the
646:trade union movement
209:improve this article
3117:Peasants' Agreement
2920:Christian Democracy
2872:Alliance for Poland
2537:There is One Poland
2478:Real Politics Union
2463:Polish Pirate Party
2433:New Democracy - Yes
2286:political movements
2157:European Parliament
1917:Independents (15)**
1761:Anatoly V. Torkunov
1757:Adam Daniel Rotfeld
1612:Robert E. Blobaum,
1336:Crossing Boundaries
1280:Communism in Poland
1095:Maksymilian Horwitz
1022:Dąbrowski Battalion
951:Otto Wille Kuusinen
806:Maksymilian Horwitz
779:eastern borderlands
587:Aleksander Zawadzki
583:Stefan Jędrychowski
523:Maksymilian Horwitz
3274:Politics of Poland
3204:The Poor of Poland
3127:Poland Comes First
3039:Left and Democrats
2992:European Coalition
2657:National Democracy
2542:Workers' Democracy
2305:Silesians Together
2154:Represented in the
2077:Third Way (Poland)
1970:Independent (1)***
1717:Piotr S. Wandycz,
1660:M. K. Dziewanowski
1629:William J. Chase,
1590:(1979), pp. 90-92.
1474:(1977), pp. 48–53.
1109:, Saul Amsterdam,
1103:Stanisław Bobiński
1099:Julian Leszczyński
1066:
987:
911:
833:Western Belorussia
814:Julian Leszczyński
748:
708:Julian Marchlewski
625:
415:Politics of Poland
151:interlanguage link
3282:
3281:
3234:
3233:
2855:
2854:
2801:
2800:
2598:
2597:
2570:Polish–Lithuanian
2179:Polish Initiative
2096:Centre for Poland
1984:National Movement
1965:Centre for Poland
1894:Polish Initiative
1710:Richard M. Watt,
1493:978-83-7700-042-7
1459:978-0-674-06814-8
1404:978-83-08-04125-3
1387:978-83-7549-150-0
1366:Szkice i polemiki
1364:Andrzej Werblan,
1332:Berghahn Journals
1271:
1270:
1018:Spanish Civil War
856:Heinrich Brandler
712:Felix Dzerzhinsky
685:Polish–Soviet War
603:central committee
599:Marian Spychalski
595:Mieczysław Moczar
571:Władysław Gomułka
508:Polish–Soviet War
467:(SDKPiL) and the
433:
432:
420:Political parties
353:Succeeded by
303:
302:
295:
285:
284:
277:
259:
183:
182:
95:
91:
61:
3302:
3246:Zbigniew Ajchler
3142:Poland Fair Play
3107:Party of Regions
2979:Democratic Union
2903:Centre Agreement
2857:
2856:
2803:
2802:
2646:Labor Party (PP)
2600:
2599:
2566:
2565:
2357:Civic Initiative
2335:Party of Drivers
2324:All-Polish Youth
2294:Polish Coalition
2184:Independents (3)
2146:Independents (4)
2070:Independents (4)
2045:Independents (4)
2040:Sovereign Poland
1952:Polish Coalition
1868:Independent (2)*
1851:Sovereign Poland
1819:
1818:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1747:Z. A. Pelczynski
1644:. A reassessment
1642:The Great Terror
1600:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1565:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1519:
1513:
1502:
1496:
1481:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1413:
1407:
1396:
1390:
1379:
1373:
1370:Książka i Wiedza
1362:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1324:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1158:
1157:
1154:Election results
1123:communist Poland
969:Great Depression
958:Dmitry Manuilsky
841:Grigory Zinoviev
724:Edward Próchniak
659:(PPS) units for
527:Edward Próchniak
373:Marxism–Leninism
308:
307:
298:
291:
280:
273:
269:
266:
260:
258:
217:
193:
185:
162:
156:
130:
129:|topic=
127:, and specifying
112:Google Translate
93:
89:
72:
71:
64:
53:
31:
30:
23:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3264:Portal:Politics
3259:
3257:Marek Biernacki
3254:
3251:Piotr Adamowicz
3248:
3243:
3230:
3209:The Republicans
3096:Social Alliance
3050:Libertas Poland
2851:
2797:
2604:
2594:
2580:Patriotic Party
2571:
2562:Defunct parties
2557:
2552:German Minority
2448:Peasants' Party
2330:National League
2285:
2283:
2277:
2198:Law and Justice
2166:Civic Coalition
2155:
2149:
2107:Independent (1)
2065:Yes! For Poland
2052:Civic Coalition
2034:Law and Justice
2015:
2009:
1912:Yes! For Poland
1875:Civic Coalition
1845:Law and Justice
1826:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1743:Antony Polonsky
1732:Ferdynand Zweig
1637:Robert Conquest
1609:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1516:
1503:
1499:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1451:Halik Kochanski
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1414:
1410:
1397:
1393:
1380:
1376:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1341:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1276:
1259:
1256:
1231:
1228:
1203:
1200:
1156:
1144:occupied Poland
1140:
1131:
1111:Bruno Jasieński
1091:Maria Koszutska
1083:Józef Unszlicht
1042:Georgi Dimitrov
1034:
977:
915:Józef Piłsudski
908:Maria Koszutska
901:
893:
845:Left Opposition
829:Western Ukraine
810:Maria Koszutska
740:
720:Józef Unszlicht
687:
681:
669:Józef Unszlicht
630:
617:
612:
567:Bolesław Bierut
535:Józef Piłsudski
515:Maria Koszutska
453:communist party
429:
371:
345:
318:
317:
314:
306:
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288:
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270:
264:
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218:
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128:
96:
90:(February 2015)
73:
69:
32:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3308:
3298:
3297:
3280:
3279:
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3266:
3239:
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3235:
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3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3172:Right Alliance
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3003:Forward Poland
3000:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2976:
2971:
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2954:
2949:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2867:Ancestral Home
2863:
2861:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2741:
2739:People's Party
2736:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2678:National Party
2675:
2670:
2665:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2605:inter-war eras
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2585:Hetmans' Party
2582:
2576:
2574:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2490:
2485:
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2465:
2460:
2455:
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2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2289:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2251:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2173:Civic Platform
2161:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:Civic Platform
2048:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2022:
2020:
2014:Represented in
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1882:Civic Platform
1871:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1863:Polish Affairs
1860:
1854:
1848:
1833:
1831:
1825:Represented in
1822:
1821:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1754:
1741:R. F. Leslie,
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1667:
1657:
1647:
1634:
1627:
1620:Edward H. Carr
1617:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1592:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1540:
1534:Dziewanowski,
1527:
1514:
1497:
1483:Jerzy Eisler,
1476:
1470:Dziewanowski,
1463:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1408:
1391:
1374:
1352:
1339:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1269:
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1260:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1033:
1030:
976:
973:
940:Wincenty Witos
933:general strike
900:
894:
892:
889:
835:). Within the
739:
736:
732:Vladimir Lenin
683:Main article:
680:
677:
638:Rosa Luxemburg
629:
626:
616:
613:
611:
608:
506:) in the 1920
504:Vladimir Lenin
488:Rosa Luxemburg
431:
430:
428:
427:
422:
417:
411:
408:
407:
402:
398:
397:
392:
388:
387:
382:
376:
375:
366:
360:
359:
354:
350:
349:
340:
339:Merger of
336:
335:
332:
328:
327:
324:
320:
319:
315:
312:
311:
304:
301:
300:
283:
282:
197:
195:
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181:
180:
176:
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168:
157:
135:
132:
120:adding a topic
115:
104:
97:
78:
77:
76:
74:
67:
62:
36:
35:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3307:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3227:
3226:Your Movement
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:Initiative RP
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:Freedom Union
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:Communist era
2804:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2745:Polish Centre
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Peasant Party
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2601:
2591:
2590:Familia Party
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:Piast Faction
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2367:Common Powiat
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:Better Poland
2350:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2318:Confederation
2315:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2280:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2220:Confederation
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2213:Confederation
2210:
2205:
2204:United Poland
2202:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2152:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:Left Together
2125:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2041:
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125:main category
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79:You can help
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2572:Commonwealth
2532:Slavic Union
2407:Labour Party
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2191:United Right
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2139:Labour Union
2112:
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2027:United Right
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1975:
1950:
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1838:United Right
1836:
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1696:W. J. Rose,
1690:
1687:Josef Korbel
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1607:Bibliography
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1588:Bitter Glory
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1173:Seat Change
1141:
1132:
1107:Tomasz Dąbal
1087:Adolf Warski
1067:
1014:Nationalists
1007:
988:
984:Adolf Warski
962:
944:
937:
918:
917:initiated a
912:
897:
868:
866:" the KPRP.
852:Leon Trotsky
849:
822:
802:Adolf Warski
799:
774:
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749:
688:
650:
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591:World War II
579:Edward Ochab
575:Alfred Lampe
560:
544:Soviet Union
519:Adolf Warski
512:
481:
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207:Please help
202:verification
199:
147:edit summary
138:
118:
88:
80:
54:
47:
41:
40:Please help
37:
3220:United Left
2985:Europa Plus
2603:Pre-war and
2458:Polish Left
2254:Poland 2050
2084:Poland 2050
1945:Poland 2050
1119:Great Purge
1016:during the
925:World War I
920:coup d’etat
785:(KPZU) and
628:The origins
552:Trotskyists
459:during the
2860:Modern era
2547:Freedomers
2526:Solidarity
1900:The Greens
1560:Conquest,
1311:References
1183:Boycotted
1115:Trotskyism
864:Bolshevise
777:). In the
775:Fareynikte
767:Poale Zion
734:'s views.
716:Feliks Kon
696:socialists
642:PPS – Left
640:) and the
500:Bolsheviks
477:communists
455:active in
235:newspapers
43:improve it
2617:Centrolew
2241:Third Way
1906:AGROunion
1677:Tony Judt
1372:, Warsaw.
1161:Election
1046:Manuilsky
1001:and even
955:Ukrainian
891:1926–1938
738:1921–1926
615:1918–1921
425:Elections
369:Communism
331:Dissolved
165:talk page
117:Consider
85:in Polish
49:talk page
3289:Category
3253:et al.,
2270:New Left
2263:The Left
2226:New Hope
2121:New Left
2114:The Left
2004:Kukiz'15
1990:New Hope
1931:New Left
1924:The Left
1857:Renew RP
1274:See also
1221:217,240
1193:121,448
1078:Sanation
1054:Kuusinen
1003:Catholic
953:and the
880:Bulgaria
825:Leninist
769:and the
700:Red Army
563:Sanation
539:May Coup
502:(led by
492:European
451:) was a
385:Far-left
364:Ideology
265:May 2009
141:provide
3112:Party X
2382:Falanga
1763:, ed.,
1328:Aspasia
1257:4 / 444
1249:40,373
1229:5 / 444
1201:2 / 444
1050:Moskvin
876:Germany
728:Marxist
401:Colours
323:Founded
249:scholar
163:to the
145:in the
87:.
3199:Spring
2018:Senate
1888:Modern
1878:(157)
1841:(191)
1759:&
1698:Poland
1586:Watt,
1547:Carr,
1521:Watt,
1508:
1491:
1472:Poland
1457:
1419:
1402:
1385:
1346:Watt,
1170:Seats
1164:Votes
1062:Ercoli
1058:Florin
1020:. The
884:France
882:, and
808:, and
795:Jewish
722:, and
665:Russia
634:SDKPiL
585:, and
556:Moscow
525:, and
457:Poland
441:Polish
347:SDKPiL
251:
244:
237:
230:
222:
3255:***:
2194:(20)
2169:(21)
2080:(12)
2055:(41)
2030:(34)
1980:(18)
1955:(32)
1927:(26)
1884:(127)
1847:(165)
1252:0.36
871:Minsk
791:Poles
343:PPS–L
256:JSTOR
242:books
108:DeepL
3249:**:
3090:Now!
2554:****
2266:(3)
2244:(3)
2216:(6)
2200:(18)
2175:(17)
2117:(9)
2061:(36)
2036:(29)
2016:the
1961:(28)
1947:(33)
1933:(19)
1853:(18)
1829:Sejm
1827:the
1506:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1400:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1245:1930
1224:1.9
1217:1928
1196:1.4
1189:1922
1179:1919
995:Bund
989:The
948:Finn
898:coup
854:and
831:and
758:Sejm
597:and
484:Left
334:1938
326:1918
228:news
139:must
137:You
101:View
3244:*:
2284:and
2272:(3)
2256:(1)
2250:(2)
2234:(1)
2228:(2)
2222:(3)
2206:(2)
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1967:(3)
1939:(7)
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1908:(1)
1902:(3)
1896:(4)
1890:(6)
1865:(1)
1859:(5)
537:'s
449:KPP
405:Red
357:PPR
211:by
110:or
3291::
1749:,
1734:,
1689:,
1679:,
1662:,
1652:,
1639:,
1622:,
1355:^
1330:,
1319:^
1267:1
1239:3
1211:2
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1125:.
1101:,
1097:,
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820:.
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718:,
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510:.
447:,
443::
52:.
2528:*
2512:*
2506:*
2500:*
2424:*
2326:*
1803:e
1796:t
1789:v
1512:.
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1389:.
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439:(
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272:(
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263:(
253:·
246:·
239:·
232:·
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59:)
55:(
20:.
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