3622:"The phrase complementary and alternative medicine is used to describe a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that have historic origins outside mainstream medicine. Most of these practices are used together with conventional therapies and therefore have been called complementary to distinguish them from alternative practices, those used as a substitute for standard care. ... Until a decade ago or so, 'complementary and alternative medicine' could be defined as practices that are neither taught in medical schools nor reimbursed, but this definition is no longer workable, since medical students increasingly seek and receive some instruction about complementary health practices, and some practices are reimbursed by third-party payers. Another definition, practices that lack an evidence base, is also not useful, since there is a growing body of research on some of these modalities, and some aspects of standard care do not have a strong evidence base."
3288:
practitioners do not. Funding for research is also sparse making it difficult to do further research for effectiveness of CAM. Most funding for CAM is funded by government agencies. Proposed research for CAM are rejected by most private funding agencies because the results of research are not reliable. The research for CAM has to meet certain standards from research ethics committees, which most CAM researchers find almost impossible to meet. Even with the little research done on it, CAM has not been proven to be effective. Studies that have been done will be cited by CAM practitioners in an attempt to claim a basis in science. These studies tend to have a variety of problems, such as small samples, various biases, poor research design, lack of controls, negative results, etc. Even those with positive results can be better explained as resulting in false positives due to bias and
1802:
7385:
widely used branch of alternative or complementary medicine is 'phytotherapy'. These are the tablets, powders and elixirs, otherwise known as herbal medicine, that are sold in most countries, through health shops and pharmacies as 'nutritional supplements'. ... Only a tiny minority of these remedies have been shown to have mild-to moderately beneficial health effects ... So why are affluent, otherwise rational, highly educated people (for this is the average user profile) so hungry for phytotherapy? ... people still believe that 'natural' equals good and safe despite plenty of evidence to the contrary. ... as far as the human body is concerned, 'natural' is meaningless ... Equally, what's so safe about consuming substances that need meet no standards of contents?
3078:
5989:
have also been recorded by generations of herbal doctors, relating therapeutic properties of diverse medicinal plants to their utility in treating specific symptoms. Yet most of the foundational concepts in the traditional medical systems—for example, the concepts of yin versus yang and cold versus hot in traditional
Chinese medicine—are disconnected from the modern descriptions of normal and disease states in the language of physiology and molecular biology. The lack of modern scientific and clinical evidence for safety, efficacy and action mechanisms further prevented those holistic herbal medicine prescriptions from being accepted beyond their culture of origin.
1793:
classified by their cultural origins or by the types of beliefs upon which they are based. Methods may incorporate or be based on traditional medicinal practices of a particular culture, folk knowledge, superstition, spiritual beliefs, belief in supernatural energies (antiscience), pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, new or different concepts of health and disease, and any bases other than being proven by scientific methods. Different cultures may have their own unique traditional or belief based practices developed recently or over thousands of years, and specific practices or entire systems of practices.
6103:
practices and therapies that are proven safe and effective become accepted as the "mainstream" healthcare practices...Alternative medicine is commonly categorized together with complementary medicine under the umbrella term "complementary and alternative medicine". Complementary medicine refers to therapies that complement traditional western (or allopathic) medicine and is used together with conventional medicine, and alternative medicine is used in place of conventional medicine. Alternative medicine refers to therapeutic approaches taken in place of traditional medicine and used to treat or ameliorate disease.
3343:
2849:
modes of care. In a study that assessed access to care in rural communities of Latin
America, it was found that discrimination is a huge barrier to the ability of citizens to access care; more specifically, women of Indigenous and African descent, and lower-income families were especially hurt. Such exclusion exacerbates the inequities that minorities in Latin America already face. Consistently excluded from many systems of westernized care for socioeconomic and other reasons, low-income communities of color often turn to traditional medicine for care as it has proved reliable to them across generations.
1898:
3695:(2002) of the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy states: "The Commissioners believe and have repeatedly stated in this Report that our response should be to hold all systems of health and healing, including conventional and CAM, to the same rigorous standards of good science and health services research. Although the Commissioners support the provision of the most accurate information about the state of the science of all CAM modalities, they believe that it is premature to advocate the wide implementation and reimbursement of CAM modalities that are yet unproven."
2500:
readers to set a rating. These studies found that, for CAM, 38.4% concluded positive effect or possibly positive (12.4%), 4.8% concluded no effect, 0.7% concluded harmful effect, and 56.6% concluded insufficient evidence. An assessment of conventional treatments found that 41.3% concluded positive or possibly positive effect, 20% concluded no effect, 8.1% concluded net harmful effects, and 21.3% concluded insufficient evidence. However, the CAM review used the more developed 2004 Cochrane database, while the conventional review used the initial 1998 Cochrane database.
3658:"Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a broad domain of resources that encompasses health systems, modalities, and practices and their accompanying theories and beliefs, other than those intrinsic to the dominant health system of a particular society or culture in a given historical period. CAM includes such resources perceived by their users as associated with positive health outcomes. Boundaries within CAM and between the CAM domain and the domain of the dominant system are not always sharp or fixed."
2174:
13474:
3251:. These alternative cancer cures have often been described as 'unproven,' suggesting that appropriate clinical trials have not been conducted and that the therapeutic value of the treatment is unknown." However, "many alternative cancer treatments have been investigated in good-quality clinical trials, and they have been shown to be ineffective.... The label 'unproven' is inappropriate for such therapies; it is time to assert that many alternative cancer therapies have been 'disproven'."
3239:. Individuals who spend large amounts of time and money on ineffective treatments may be left with precious little of either, and may forfeit the opportunity to obtain treatments that could be more helpful. In short, even innocuous treatments can indirectly produce negative outcomes. Between 2001 and 2003, four children died in Australia because their parents chose ineffective naturopathic, homeopathic, or other alternative medicines and diets rather than conventional therapies.
3047:
2404:
teaching includes such topics as doctor-patient communication, ethics, the art of medicine, and engaging in complex clinical reasoning (medical decision-making). Writing in 2002, Snyderman and Weil remarked that by the early twentieth century the
Flexner model had helped to create the 20th-century academic health center, in which education, research, and practice were inseparable. While this had much improved medical practice by defining with increasing certainty the
13784:
2369:, which played the central role in fighting quackery in the United States, abolished its quackery committee and closed down its Department of Investigation. By the early to mid 1970s the expression "alternative medicine" came into widespread use, and the expression became mass marketed as a collection of "natural" and effective treatment "alternatives" to science-based biomedicine. By 1983, mass marketing of "alternative medicine" was so pervasive that the
2561:
78:
2170:, or phytotherapy, includes not just the use of plant products, but may also include the use of animal and mineral products. It is among the most commercially successful branches of alternative medicine, and includes the tablets, powders and elixirs that are sold as "nutritional supplements". Only a very small percentage of these have been shown to have any efficacy, and there is little regulation as to standards and safety of their contents.
3090:
the world and are regulated in a manner similar to that governing science-based medicine. In contrast, other approaches may be partially recognized and others have no regulation at all. In some cases, promotion of alternative therapies is allowed when there is demonstrably no effect, only a tradition of use. Despite laws making it illegal to market or promote alternative therapies for use in cancer treatment, many practitioners promote them.
2473:, the first university professor of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, characterized the evidence for many alternative techniques as weak, nonexistent, or negative and in 2011 published his estimate that about 7.4% were based on "sound evidence", although he believes that may be an overestimate. Ernst has concluded that 95% of the alternative therapies he and his team studied, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, homeopathy, and
2845:, access to essential medicines is severely restricted by lack of resources and poverty. Traditional remedies, often closely resembling or forming the basis for alternative remedies, may comprise primary healthcare or be integrated into the healthcare system. In Africa, traditional medicine is used for 80% of primary healthcare, and in developing nations as a whole over one-third of the population lack access to essential medicines.
1436:(though some alternative medicine promoters may use the loose terminology to give the appearance of effectiveness). Loose terminology may also be used to suggest meaning that a dichotomy exists when it does not (e.g., the use of the expressions "Western medicine" and "Eastern medicine" to suggest that the difference is a cultural difference between the Asian east and the European west, rather than that the difference is between
1910:
2739:, Edzard Ernst stated: "The present popularity of complementary and alternative medicine is also inviting criticism of what we are doing in mainstream medicine. It shows that we aren't fulfilling a certain need-we are not giving patients enough time, compassion, or empathy. These are things that complementary practitioners are very good at. Mainstream medicine could learn something from complementary medicine."
2778:
2438:
1749:
and "holistic medicine" do not refer to any medicine at all. Others say that alternative medicine cannot be precisely defined because of the diversity of theories and practices it includes, and because the boundaries between alternative and conventional medicine overlap, are porous, and change. Healthcare practices categorized as alternative may differ in their historical origin, theoretical basis,
1643:(WHO) Global Report on Traditional and Complementary Medicine states that the terms complementary and alternative medicine "refer to a broad set of health care practices that are not part of that country's own traditional or conventional medicine and are not fully integrated into the dominant health care system. They are used interchangeably with traditional medicine in some countries."
3222:
molecule of the original active (and possibly toxic) ingredient is likely to remain. They are, thus, considered safe on that count, but "their products are exempt from good manufacturing practice requirements related to expiration dating and from finished product testing for identity and strength", and their alcohol concentration may be much higher than allowed in conventional drugs.
1361:
3211:, whereas alternative therapies, in general, are not subjected to such testing at all. Any treatment – whether conventional or alternative – that has a biological or psychological effect on a patient may also have potential to possess dangerous biological or psychological side-effects. Attempts to refute this fact with regard to alternative therapies sometimes use the
3020:
necessity of placing patient values and lifestyle habits at the core of any design and delivery of quality care at the end of life. If the patient desired complementary therapies, and as long as such treatments provided additional support and did not endanger the patient, they were considered acceptable." The non-pharmacologic interventions of complementary medicine can employ
3670:"It is time for the scientific community to stop giving alternative medicine a free ride. There cannot be two kinds of medicine – conventional and alternative. There is only medicine that has been adequately tested and medicine that has not, medicine that works and medicine that may or may not work ... speculation, and testimonials do not substitute for evidence."
3307:, and if a treatment had been rigorously tested and found safe and effective, science-based medicine will adopt it regardless of whether it was considered "alternative" to begin with. It is possible for a method to change categories (proven vs. unproven), based on increased knowledge of its effectiveness or lack thereof. Prominent supporters of this position are
1986:(called Vata, Pitta and Kapha), and states that a balance of the doshas results in health, while imbalance results in disease. Such disease-inducing imbalances can be adjusted and balanced using traditional herbs, minerals and heavy metals. Ayurveda stresses the use of plant-based medicines and treatments, with some animal products, and added minerals, including
1778:: "The truth is there's no such thing as conventional or alternative or complementary or integrative or holistic medicine. There's only medicine that works and medicine that doesn't. And the best way to sort it out is by carefully evaluating scientific studies—not by visiting Internet chat rooms, reading magazine articles, or talking to friends."
2896:
some form of complementary and alternative medicine." Americans spend many billions on the therapies annually. Most
Americans used CAM to treat and/or prevent musculoskeletal conditions or other conditions associated with chronic or recurring pain. In America, women were more likely than men to use CAM, with the biggest difference in use of
3134:
steadfastly resist change, often for centuries or even millennia, unaffected by scientific advances in the understanding of physiology or disease. Incredible explanations invoking modern physics are sometimes offered for how alternative therapies might work, but there seems to be little interest in testing these speculations scientifically.
2325:. Before the 1970s, western practitioners that were not part of the increasingly science-based medical establishment were referred to "irregular practitioners", and were dismissed by the medical establishment as unscientific and as practicing quackery. Until the 1970s, irregular practice became increasingly marginalized as
1277:). This is further exacerbated by the tendency to turn to alternative therapies upon the failure of medicine, at which point the condition will be at its worst and most likely to spontaneously improve. In the absence of this bias, especially for diseases that are not expected to get better by themselves such as cancer or
13034:
3368:, a genome researcher and computational biologist at the University of Maryland, as saying "One of our concerns is that NIH is funding pseudoscience." They noted that the vast majority of studies were based on fundamental misunderstandings of physiology and disease, and had shown little or no effect.
3493:
CAM is also often less regulated than conventional medicine. There are ethical concerns about whether people who perform CAM have the proper knowledge to treat patients. CAM is often done by non-physicians who do not operate with the same medical licensing laws which govern conventional medicine, and
3476:
Many alternative medical treatments are not patentable, which may lead to less research funding from the private sector. In addition, in most countries, alternative therapies (in contrast to pharmaceuticals) can be marketed without any proof of efficacy – also a disincentive for manufacturers to fund
3363:
reported that the impending national discussion about broadening access to health care, improving medical practice and saving money was giving a group of scientists an opening to propose shutting down the
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. They quoted one of these scientists,
3180:
Forms of alternative medicine that are biologically active can be dangerous even when used in conjunction with conventional medicine. Examples include immuno-augmentation therapy, shark cartilage, bioresonance therapy, oxygen and ozone therapies, and insulin potentiation therapy. Some herbal remedies
3133:
by their proponents. Alternative seems to define a culture rather than a field of medicine—a culture that is not scientifically demanding. It is a culture in which ancient traditions are given more weight than biological science, and anecdotes are preferred over clinical trials. Alternative therapies
3089:
The alternative medicine lobby has successfully pushed for alternative therapies to be subject to far less regulation than conventional medicine. Some professions of complementary/traditional/alternative medicine, such as chiropractic, have achieved full regulation in North
America and other parts of
2769:
Paul Offit proposed that "alternative medicine becomes quackery" in four ways: by recommending against conventional therapies that are helpful, promoting potentially harmful therapies without adequate warning, draining patients' bank accounts, or by promoting "magical thinking". Promoting alternative
2265:
Mind-body interventions: Explore the interconnection between the mind, body, and spirit, under the premise that they affect "bodily functions and symptoms". A connection between mind and body is conventional medical fact, and this classification does not include therapies with proven function such as
6049:
When adopted outside its traditional or root culture, traditional medicine is often classified as a form of alternative medicine (AM), for example by
Western professional medical organizations, insurers and healthcare systems. This problematically leads to lack of regulation (e.g., in the U.S. where
3524:
Science-based medicine has one rigorous standard of evidence, the kind .... CAM has a double standard. They gladly accept a lower standard of evidence for treatments they believe in. However, I suspect they would reject a pharmaceutical if it were approved for marketing on the kind of evidence they
2499:
had 145 CAM-related
Cochrane systematic reviews and 340 non-Cochrane systematic reviews. An analysis of the conclusions of only the 145 Cochrane reviews was done by two readers. In 83% of the cases, the readers agreed. In the 17% in which they disagreed, a third reader agreed with one of the initial
2382:
An analysis of trends in the criticism of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in five prestigious
American medical journals during the period of reorganization within medicine (1965–1999) was reported as showing that the medical profession had responded to the growth of CAM in three phases,
2141:
Substance based practices use substances found in nature such as herbs, foods, non-vitamin supplements and megavitamins, animal and fungal products, and minerals, including use of these products in traditional medical practices that may also incorporate other methods. Examples include healing claims
1713:
to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness." When used outside the original setting and in the absence of scientific evidence, TM practices are typically referred
1708:
Traditional medicine (TM) refers to certain practices within a culture which have existed since before the advent of medical science, Many TM practices are based on "holistic" approaches to disease and health, versus the scientific evidence-based methods in conventional medicine. The 2019 WHO report
3543:
writes that there is a contrast between the circumstances of alternative medicine practitioners and disinterested scientists: in the case of acupuncture, for example, an acupuncturist would have "a great deal to lose" if acupuncture were rejected by research; but the disinterested skeptic would not
3388:
Sampson has also pointed out that CAM tolerated contradiction without thorough reason and experiment. Barrett has pointed out that there is a policy at the NIH of never saying something does not work, only that a different version or dose might give different results. Barrett also expressed concern
3258:
any alternative cancer cure is bogus by definition. There will never be an alternative cancer cure. Why? Because if something looked halfway promising, then mainstream oncology would scrutinize it, and if there is anything to it, it would become mainstream almost automatically and very quickly. All
3230:
Alternative medicine may discourage people from getting the best possible treatment. Those having experienced or perceived success with one alternative therapy for a minor ailment may be convinced of its efficacy and persuaded to extrapolate that success to some other alternative therapy for a more
2895:
The use of alternative medicine in the US has increased, with a 50 percent increase in expenditures and a 25 percent increase in the use of alternative therapies between 1990 and 1997 in
America. According to a national survey conducted in 2002, "36 percent of U.S. adults aged 18 years and over use
2329:
and fraud, as western medicine increasingly incorporated scientific methods and discoveries, and had a corresponding increase in success of its treatments. In the 1970s, irregular practices were grouped with traditional practices of nonwestern cultures and with other unproven or disproven practices
2222:
Lack of evidence for effectiveness. Unwanted outcomes, such as death and disability, "have occurred when faith healing was elected instead of medical care for serious injuries or illnesses". A 2001 double-blind study of 799 discharged coronary surgery patients found that "intercessory prayer had no
1927:
Traditional medicine is considered alternative when it is used outside its home region; or when it is used together with or instead of known functional treatment; or when it can be reasonably expected that the patient or practitioner knows or should know that it will not work – such as knowing that
1792:
Alternative medicine consists of a wide range of health care practices, products, and therapies. The shared feature is a claim to heal that is not based on the scientific method. Alternative medicine practices are diverse in their foundations and methodologies. Alternative medicine practices may be
5988:
Although the initial development of these holistic traditional herbal prescriptions predated modern science, the process was based on thousands of years of phenotype-based and personalized human clinical trials. Meanwhile, meticulous descriptions of disease symptoms and systematic medical theories
3538:
in alternative medicine. Edzard Ernst has said that most researchers into alternative medicine are at risk of "unidirectional bias" because of a generally uncritical belief in their chosen subject. Ernst cites as evidence the phenomenon whereby 100% of a sample of acupuncture trials originating in
2809:
toward conventional medicine and pharmaceutical companies, mistrust of traditional authority figures, such as the physician, and a dislike of the current delivery methods of scientific biomedicine, all of which have led patients to seek out alternative medicine to treat a variety of ailments. Many
2764:
Why is it so popular, then? Ernst blames the providers, customers and the doctors whose neglect, he says, has created the opening into which alternative therapists have stepped. "People are told lies. There are 40 million websites and 39.9 million tell lies, sometimes outrageous lies. They mislead
2664:
A patient who receives an inert treatment may report improvements afterwards that it did not cause. Assuming it was the cause without evidence is an example of the regression fallacy. This may be due to a natural recovery from the illness, or a fluctuation in the symptoms of a long-term condition.
2643:
Placebos do not have a physical effect on diseases or improve overall outcomes, but patients may report improvements in subjective outcomes such as pain and nausea. A 1955 study suggested that a substantial part of a medicine's impact was due to the placebo effect. However, reassessments found the
1748:
Prominent members of the science and biomedical science community say that it is not meaningful to define an alternative medicine that is separate from a conventional medicine because the expressions "conventional medicine", "alternative medicine", "complementary medicine", "integrative medicine",
5865:
Traditional medicine is defined as the ways of protecting and restoring health that existed before the arrival of modern medicine. It is underestimated part of healthcare that finds in almost every country in the world. Traditional medicine has been being used in the maintenance of health and the
3221:
An exception to the normal thinking regarding side-effects is homeopathy. Since 1938, the FDA has regulated homeopathic products in "several significantly different ways from other drugs." Homeopathic preparations, termed "remedies", are extremely dilute, often far beyond the point where a single
2856:
have proposed adopting a prize system to reward medical research. This stands in opposition to the current mechanism for funding research proposals in most countries around the world. In the US, the NCCIH provides public research funding for alternative medicine. The NCCIH has spent more than US$
2316:
The history of alternative medicine may refer to the history of a group of diverse medical practices that were collectively promoted as "alternative medicine" beginning in the 1970s, to the collection of individual histories of members of that group, or to the history of western medical practices
1536:. However, these descriptive definitions are inadequate in the present-day when some conventional doctors offer alternative medical treatments and introductory courses or modules can be offered as part of standard undergraduate medical training; alternative medicine is taught in more than half of
7384:
Science-based medicine, with its emphasis on controlled study, proof, evidence, statistical significance and safety is being rejected in favour of 'alternative medicine' – an atavistic portmanteau of anecdote, hearsay, rumour and hokum. ... Probably the most commercially successful and
5902:
Traditional medicine, as defined by the World Health Organization, is the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention,
3197:
And lastly there's the cynicism and disappointment and depression that some patients get from going on from one alternative medicine to the next, and they find after three months the placebo effect wears off, and they're disappointed and they move on to the next one, and they're disappointed and
3019:
or by practitioners attempting to manage chronic pain in patients. Integrative medicine is considered more acceptable in the interdisciplinary approach used in palliative care than in other areas of medicine. "From its early experiences of care for the dying, palliative care took for granted the
2848:
In Latin America, inequities against BIPOC communities keep them tied to their traditional practices and therefore, it is often these communities that constitute the majority of users of alternative medicine. Racist attitudes towards certain communities disable them from accessing more urbanized
2655:
argues that alternative treatments should be treated as a placebo, rather than as medicine. Almost none have performed significantly better than a placebo in clinical trials. Furthermore, distrust of conventional medicine may lead to patients experiencing the nocebo effect when taking effective
6102:
Complementary and alternative healthcare and medical practices (CAM) is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine. The list of practices that are considered as CAM changes continually as CAM
2403:
in the US has generally not included alternative medicine as a teaching topic. Typically, their teaching is based on current practice and scientific knowledge about: anatomy, physiology, histology, embryology, neuroanatomy, pathology, pharmacology, microbiology and immunology. Medical schools'
1623:
described Integrative medicine as "a synonym for 'alternative' medicine that, at its worst, integrates sense with nonsense. At its best, integrative medicine supports both consensus treatments of science-based medicine and treatments that the science, while promising perhaps, does not justify"
8737:
Zeller, T.; Muenstedt, K.; Stoll, C.; Schweder, J.; Senf, B.; Ruckhaeberle, E.; Becker, S.; Serve, H.; Huebner, J. (2013-03-01). "Potential interactions of complementary and alternative medicine with cancer therapy in outpatients with gynecological cancer in a comprehensive cancer center".
5154:
Zeller, T.; Muenstedt, K.; Stoll, C.; Schweder, J.; Senf, B.; Ruckhaeberle, E.; Becker, S.; Serve, H.; Huebner, J. (2013-03-01). "Potential interactions of complementary and alternative medicine with cancer therapy in outpatients with gynecological cancer in a comprehensive cancer center".
3287:
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is not as well researched as conventional medicine, which undergoes intense research before release to the public. Practitioners of science-based medicine also discard practices and treatments when they are shown ineffective, while alternative
3185:
of Adelaide University, Australia regarding a patient who almost bled to death on the operating table after neglecting to mention that she had been taking "natural" potions to "build up her strength" before the operation, including a powerful anticoagulant that nearly caused her death.
3758:
noted in 2010: "Flexner pointed out that the scientific method of thinking applied to medical practice. By scientific method, he meant testing ideas with well-planned experiments to establish accurate facts. The clinician's diagnosis was equivalent to the scientist's hypothesis: both
2477:, are "statistically indistinguishable from placebo treatments", but he also believes there is something that conventional doctors can usefully learn from the chiropractors and homeopath: this is the therapeutic value of the placebo effect, one of the strangest phenomena in medicine.
7515:
Aviles, Jennifer M.; Whelan, Sr Ellen; Hernke, Debra A.; Williams, Brent A.; Kenny, Kathleen E.; O'Fallon, W. Michael; Kopecky, Stephen L. (December 2001). "Intercessory Prayer and Cardiovascular Disease Progression in a Coronary Care Unit Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial".
7848:
One of the few growth industries in contemporary Britain is alternative medicine. An apparently endless stream of books, articles, and radio and television programmes urge on the public the virtues of treatments ranging from meditation to drilling a hole in the skull to let in more
6774:
Shang, Aijing; Huwiler-Müntener, Karin; Nartey, Linda; Jüni, Peter; Dörig, Stephan; Sterne, Jonathan AC; Pewsner, Daniel; Egger, Matthias (2005), "Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy",
2765:
cancer patients, who are encouraged not only to pay their last penny but to be treated with something that shortens their lives." At the same time, people are gullible. It needs gullibility for the industry to succeed. It doesn't make me popular with the public, but it's the truth.
5903:
diagnosis, improvement, or treatment of physical and mental illness. Some traditional medicine systems are supported by huge volumes of literature and records of the theoretical concepts and practical skills; others pass down from generation to generation through verbal teaching.
2677:
There are also reasons why a placebo treatment group may outperform a "no-treatment" group in a test which are not related to a patient's experience. These include patients reporting more favourable results than they really felt due to politeness or "experimental subordination",
3490:, defined alternative medicine as a "set of practices that cannot be tested, refuse to be tested, or consistently fail tests." Dawkins argued that if a technique is demonstrated effective in properly performed trials then it ceases to be alternative and simply becomes medicine.
3742:
In 1991 the Senate Appropriations Committee responsible for funding the National Institutes of Health (NIH) declared itself "not satisfied that the conventional medical community as symbolized at the NIH has fully explored the potential that exists in unconventional medical
2281:, but is a usage newly coined by NCCIH in the primary source used for this article. "Biology-based" as coined by NCCIH may refer to chemicals from a nonbiological source, such as use of the poison lead in traditional Chinese medicine, and to other nonbiological substances.)
1924:(TCM), Ayurveda in India, or practices of other cultures around the world. Some useful applications of traditional medicines have been researched and accepted within ordinary medicine, however the underlying belief systems are seldom scientific and are not accepted.
2802:. Related to this are vigorous marketing of extravagant claims by the alternative medical community combined with inadequate media scrutiny and attacks on critics. Alternative medicine is criticized for taking advantage of the least fortunate members of society.
2865:
That alternative medicine has been on the rise "in countries where Western science and scientific method generally are accepted as the major foundations for healthcare, and 'evidence-based' practice is the dominant paradigm" was described as an "enigma" in the
3513:
In November 2011 Edzard Ernst stated that the "level of misinformation about alternative medicine has now reached the point where it has become dangerous and unethical. So far, alternative medicine has remained an ethics-free zone. It is time to change this."
2715:
Practitioners of complementary medicine usually discuss and advise patients as to available alternative therapies. Patients often express interest in mind-body complementary therapies because they offer a non-drug approach to treating some health conditions.
8906:
10268:
2829:
reactions in a very few individuals. Many medications may cause minor but bothersome symptoms such as cough or upset stomach. In all of these cases, patients may be seeking out alternative therapies to avoid the adverse effects of conventional treatments.
2552:
Anything classified as alternative medicine by definition does not have a proven healing or medical effect. However, there are different mechanisms through which it can be perceived to "work". The common denominator of these mechanisms is that effects are
2462:
points to confusions in the general population – a person may attribute symptomatic relief to an otherwise-ineffective therapy just because they are taking something (the placebo effect); the natural recovery from or the cyclical nature of an illness (the
2408:
basis of disease, a single-minded focus on the pathophysiological had diverted much of mainstream American medicine from clinical conditions that were not well understood in mechanistic terms, and were not effectively treated by conventional therapies.
2028:
Bases of belief may include belief in existence of supernatural energies undetected by the science of physics, as in biofields, or in belief in properties of the energies of physics that are inconsistent with the laws of physics, as in energy medicine.
3552:
Research into alternative therapies has been criticized for "diverting research time, money, and other resources from more fruitful lines of investigation in order to pursue a theory that has no basis in biology." Research methods expert and author of
2503:
Alternative therapies do not "complement" (improve the effect of, or mitigate the side effects of) functional medical treatment. Significant drug interactions caused by alternative therapies may instead negatively impact functional treatment by making
2013:. A 2015 study of users in the United States also found elevated blood lead levels in 40 percent of those tested. Other concerns include the use of herbs containing toxic compounds and the lack of quality control in Ayurvedic facilities. Incidents of
1515:
Some other definitions seek to specify alternative medicine in terms of its social and political marginality to mainstream healthcare. This can refer to the lack of support that alternative therapies receive from medical scientists regarding access to
3539:
China had positive conclusions. David Gorski contrasts evidence-based medicine, in which researchers try to disprove hyphotheses, with what he says is the frequent practice in pseudoscience-based research, of striving to confirm pre-existing notions.
2379:) pointed to "an apparently endless stream of books, articles, and radio and television programmes urge on the public the virtues of (alternative medicine) treatments ranging from meditation to drilling a hole in the skull to let in more oxygen".
42:
AM, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), complementary medicine, heterodox medicine, integrative medicine (IM), complementary and integrative medicine (CIM), new-age medicine, pseudomedicine, unconventional medicine, unorthodox medicine,
2908:
in America, and among users of it, 58 percent described it as at least "sort of scientific", when it is not at all scientific. In 2002, at least 60 percent of US medical schools have at least some class time spent teaching alternative therapies.
3335:'s Subcommittee on Public Health and Safety, which had deplored the lack of critical thinking and scientific rigor in OAM-supported research, had been signed by four Nobel Laureates and other prominent scientists. (This was supported by the
3389:
that, just because some "alternatives" have merit, there is the impression that the rest deserve equal consideration and respect even though most are worthless, since they are all classified under the one heading of alternative medicine.
3105:(FDA), has issued online warnings for consumers about medication health fraud. This includes a section on Alternative Medicine Fraud, such as a warning that Ayurvedic products generally have not been approved by the FDA before marketing.
2900:
including prayer specifically for health reasons". In 2008, more than 37% of American hospitals offered alternative therapies, up from 27 percent in 2005, and 25% in 2004. More than 70% of the hospitals offering CAM were in urban areas.
2603:– Standard treatment is "complemented" with something that interferes with its effect. This can both cause worse effect, but also decreased (or even increased) side effects, which may be interpreted as "helping". Researchers, such as
3299:, a neurologist at Yale School of Medicine, wrote that government-funded studies of integrating alternative medicine techniques into the mainstream are "used to lend an appearance of legitimacy to treatments that are not legitimate."
1765:
is deceptive because it implies that the treatment increases the effectiveness of (complements) science-based medicine, while alternative medicines that have been tested nearly always have no measurable positive effect compared to a
3125:
Alternative medicine is another concern. As used here, alternative medicine refers to all treatments that have not been proven effective using scientific methods. A scientist's view of the situation appeared in a recent book (Park
12793:
2542:
have been investigated in good-quality clinical trials, and they have been shown to be ineffective. The label "unproven" is inappropriate for such therapies; it is time to assert that many alternative cancer therapies have been
2452:, and their effectiveness is either unproved or disproved. Many of the claims regarding the efficacy of alternative medicines are controversial, since research on them is frequently of low quality and methodologically flawed.
2861:
had given out grants of around $ 105 million each year for several years. Testing alternative medicine that has no scientific basis (as in the aforementioned grants) has been called a waste of scarce research resources.
2591:– an individual is convinced that standard treatment will not work, and that alternative therapies will work. This decreases the likelihood standard treatment will work, while the placebo effect of the "alternative" remains.
2719:
In addition to the social-cultural underpinnings of the popularity of alternative medicine, there are several psychological issues that are critical to its growth, notably psychological effects, such as the will to believe,
2456:, marked differences in product quality and standardisation, and some companies making unsubstantiated claims call into question the claims of efficacy of isolated examples where there is evidence for alternative therapies.
1972:, traditional use of herbs and other substances found in China, a belief that the tongue contains a map of the body that reflects changes in the body, and an incorrect model of the anatomy and physiology of internal organs.
1281:, multiple studies have shown significantly worse outcomes if patients turn to alternative therapies. While this may be because these patients avoid effective treatment, some alternative therapies are actively harmful (e.g.
3763:
and hypothesis required the test of an experiment. Flexner argued that mastery of the scientific method of problem solving was the key for physicians to manage medical uncertainty and to practice in the most cost-effective
2424:
who have attended one of the established medical schools there have usually graduated Doctor of Medicine (MD). All states require that applicants for MD licensure be graduates of an approved medical school and complete the
2387:, rising consumerism, and the establishment of the USA Office of Alternative Medicine (later National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, currently National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health).
13011:
2238:(NCCIH) has created a classification system for branches of complementary and alternative medicine that divides them into five major groups. These groups have some overlap, and distinguish two types of energy medicine:
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disillusioned, and that can create depression and make the eventual treatment of the patient with anything effective difficult, because you may not get compliance, because they've seen the failure so often in the past.
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3000:. Ayurvedic medicine remedies are mainly plant based with some use of animal materials. Safety concerns include the use of herbs containing toxic compounds and the lack of quality control in Ayurvedic facilities.
8087:
6050:
these approaches are at best relegated to the nutraceutical market largely outside the FDA sphere of regulation) and a lack of fidelity to original formulations, dose schedules, delivery methods and indications.
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According to two writers, Wallace Sampson and K. Butler, marketing is part of the training required in alternative medicine, and propaganda methods in alternative medicine have been traced back to those used by
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and in their relationship to the medical mainstream. Under a definition of alternative medicine as "non-mainstream", treatments considered alternative in one location may be considered conventional in another.
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3093:
Regulation and licensing of alternative medicine ranges widely from country to country, and state to state. In Austria and Germany complementary and alternative medicine is mainly in the hands of doctors with
3007:, the most commonly used complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) supported by the NHS in the UK are: acupuncture, aromatherapy, chiropractic, homeopathy, massage, osteopathy and clinical hypnotherapy.
1567:(piercing the body with needles to influence the flow of a supernatural energy) might be believed to increase the effectiveness or "complement" science-based medicine when used at the same time. Significant
1492:, using scientific methods to establish the effectiveness of that practice. Unlike medicine, an alternative product or practice does not originate from using scientific methods, but may instead be based on
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fallacy, i.e., "That which is natural cannot be harmful." Specific groups of patients such as patients with impaired hepatic or renal function are more susceptible to side effects of alternative remedies.
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Where alternative therapies have replaced conventional science-based medicine, even with the safest alternative medicines, failure to use or delay in using conventional science-based medicine has caused
2467:) gets misattributed to an alternative medicine being taken; a person not diagnosed with science-based medicine may never originally have had a true illness diagnosed as an alternative disease category.
1409:
are used interchangeably as having the same meaning and are almost synonymous in most contexts. Terminology has shifted over time, reflecting the preferred branding of practitioners. For example, the
3171:, which results in a delay of appropriate treatment, or in unreasonable expectations that discourage patients and their families from accepting and dealing effectively with their medical conditions;"
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3231:
serious, possibly life-threatening illness. For this reason, critics argue that therapies that rely on the placebo effect to define success are very dangerous. According to mental health journalist
9232:
4792:
Pelletier, K.R.; et al. (1997). "Current trends in the integration and reimbursement of complementary and alternative medicine by managed care, insurance carriers, and hospital providers".
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can cause dangerous interactions with chemotherapy drugs, radiation therapy, or anesthetics during surgery, among other problems. An example of these dangers was reported by Associate Professor
3773:"Kessler refers to a lack of efficacy but never pushes back at Hatch by enumerating the dangers that unregulated products pose to the public, the dangers that fill the pages of Offit's book."
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A survey of Americans found that 88 percent thought that "there are some good ways of treating sickness that medical science does not recognize". Use of magnets was the most common tool in
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to reveal such effects, allowing physicians to offer a therapeutic solution best known to work. "Alternative treatments" often refuse to use trials or make it deliberately hard to do so.
2420:). Medical schools are responsible for conferring medical degrees, but a physician typically may not legally practice medicine until licensed by the local government authority. Licensed
2872:. A 15-year systematic review published in 2022 on the global acceptance and use of CAM among medical specialists found the overall acceptance of CAM at 52% and the overall use at 45%.
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Whereas traditional medicine is based on analogical reasoning and a holistic approach to disease and health, conventional medicine rests on scientific knowledge and is evidence-based.
3098:, and half or more of the American alternative practitioners are licensed MDs. In Germany herbs are tightly regulated: half are prescribed by doctors and covered by health insurance.
2258:, which invokes physically undetectable or unverifiable energy. None of these energies have any evidence to support that they affect the body in any positive or health promoting way.
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Alternative medicine is defined loosely as a set of products, practices, and theories that are believed or perceived by their users to have the healing effects of medicine, but whose
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3574:
2747:
Alternative medicine is a profitable industry with large media advertising expenditures. Accordingly, alternative practices are often portrayed positively and compared favorably to
4828:
1346:" by supporters of alternative medicine. Billions of dollars have been spent studying alternative medicine, with few or no positive results and many methods thoroughly disproven.
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2.5 billion on such research since 1992 and this research has not demonstrated the efficacy of alternative therapies. As of 2011, the NCCIH's sister organization in the NIC
1334:
practices become "alternative" when used outside their original settings and without proper scientific explanation and evidence. Alternative methods are often marketed as more "
6001:
Jansen, C.; Baker, J.D.; Kodaira, E.; Ang, L.; Bacani, A.J.; Aldan, J.T.; Shimoda, L.M.N.; Salameh, M.; Small-Howard, A.L.; Stokes, A.J.; Turner, H.; Adra, C.N. (March 2021).
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and that in each phase, changes in the medical marketplace had influenced the type of response in the journals. Changes included relaxed medical licensing, the development of
5526:
2523:
states that withholding such treatment is unethical in most circumstances. Use of standard-of-care treatment in addition to an alternative technique being tested may produce
2838:
According to research published in 2015, the increasing popularity of CAM needs to be explained by moral convictions or lifestyle choices rather than by economic reasoning.
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write that "even if there were no true effect of placebo, one would expect to record differences between placebo and no-treatment groups due to bias associated with lack of
6678:
5817:"Magnitude and Determinant Factors of Herbal Medicine Utilization Among Mothers Attending Their Antenatal Care at Public Health Institutions in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia"
3117:
has studied the problematic side of the public's attitudes and understandings of science fiction, pseudoscience, and belief in alternative medicine. They use a quote from
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Friendly and colorful images of herbal treatments may look less threatening or dangerous when compared to conventional medicine. This is an intentional marketing strategy.
9506:
Martin, Hélène; Debons, Jérôme (2015). "CAM and conventional medicine in Switzerland: divided in theory, united in practice". In Gale, Nicola K.; McHale, Jean V. (eds.).
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Unfortunately, the term 'holistic medicine' has been somewhat hijacked by alternative therapists and is often thought mistakenly to be at odds with conventional medicine.
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All of these are reasons why alternative therapies may be credited for improving a patient's condition even though the objective effect is non-existent, or even harmful.
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of either effect or of no effect, alternative therapies reside outside of mainstream medicine and do not originate from using the scientific method, but instead rely on
8034:
6663:
2821:
of biomedical treatments. Treatments for severe diseases such as cancer and HIV infection have well-known, significant side-effects. Even low-risk medications such as
1529:
12965:
11888:
2121:
that they believe are centers of supernatural energies in the belief that these supernatural energies can transfer from the practitioner's palms to heal the patient.
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The alternative medicine sector is a highly profitable industry with a strong lobby, and faces far less regulation over the use and marketing of unproven treatments.
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2235:
1414:
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the creator of homeopathy wrote: "Observation, reflection, and experience have unfolded to me that the best and true method of cure is founded on the principle,
2858:
2814:, which leads them to seek out lower-cost alternative medicine. Medical doctors are also aggressively marketing alternative medicine to profit from this market.
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therapies are intended to influence energy fields that are purported to surround and penetrate the body. The existence of such energy fields have been disproven.
4529:
2897:
2284:
Manipulative and body-based practices: feature manipulation or movement of body parts, such as is done in bodywork, chiropractic, and osteopathic manipulation.
1131:
17:
2954:
4712:
2694:." Alternative therapies may also be credited for perceived improvement through decreased use or effect of medical treatment, and therefore either decreased
1949:
Traditional practices and beliefs from China, together with modifications made by the Communist party make up TCM. Common practices include herbal medicine,
1886:, or of basic chemistry, which shows that repeated dilution as practiced in homeopathy produces only water, and that homeopathy is not scientifically valid.
2930:
1266:), providing invalid results. History has shown that if a method is proven to work, it eventually ceases to be alternative and becomes mainstream medicine.
11780:
9884:
9647:
5042:"Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Questions and Answers About Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Treatment"
5041:
4358:
2628:
A placebo is a treatment with no intended therapeutic value. An example of a placebo is an inert pill, but it can include more dramatic interventions like
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6985:
2950:
2262:
Whole medical systems: Cut across more than one of the other groups; examples include traditional Chinese medicine, naturopathy, homeopathy, and ayurveda.
13820:
7945:
Winnick, T.A. (2009). "From Quackery to "Complementary" Medicine: The American Medical Profession Confronts Alternative Therapies". In Conrad, P. (ed.).
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2299:-based therapies use verifiable electromagnetic fields, such as pulsed fields, alternating-current, or direct-current fields in a non-scientific manner.
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This document is not a formal publication of the WHO. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of those authors.
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3385:(1996), have lambasted the lack of empirical evidence to support the existence of the putative energy fields on which these therapies are predicated.
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in 2002, "unvalidated or scientifically unsupported mental health practices can lead individuals to forgo effective treatments" and refers to this as
2412:
By 2001 some form of CAM training was being offered by at least 75 out of 125 medical schools in the US. Exceptionally, the School of Medicine of the
2273:"Biology"-based practices: Use substances found in nature such as herbs, foods, vitamins, and other natural substances. (As used here, "biology" does
8685:
Katz, D.L.; et al. (2003). "The evidence base for complementary and alternative medicine: Methods of evidence mapping with application to CAM".
6003:"Medicine in motion: Opportunities, challenges and data analytics-based solutions for traditional medicine integration into western medical practice"
5389:"A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews and a Pooled Meta-Analysis on Complementary and Integrative Medicine for Improving Cancer-Related Fatigue"
3679:"CAM is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine."
9739:
9697:
4855:
White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy Staff; Dept. of Health and Human Services Staff United States (March 2002).
7003:
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Bombardieri, D; Easthope, G (October 2000). "Convergence between Orthodox and Alternative Medicine: A Theoretical Elaboration and Empirical Test".
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10489:
7489:
12491:
Benedetti, F.; et al. (2003). "Open versus hidden medical treatments: The patient's knowledge about a therapy affects the therapy outcome".
12452:
9790:
3462:, spiritual beliefs, ignorance or misunderstanding of scientific principles, errors in reasoning, or newly conceived approaches claiming to heal.
2636:
is the concept that patients will perceive an improvement after being treated with an inert treatment. The opposite of the placebo effect is the
1774:
wrote that "there is really no such thing as alternative medicine, just medicine that works and medicine that doesn't", a notion later echoed by
525:
12092:
Committee on the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by the American Public for the Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,
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that were not part of biomedicine, with the entire group collectively marketed and promoted under the single expression "alternative medicine".
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13122:
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have criticized the lack of empirical evidence to support the existence of the putative energy fields on which these therapies are predicated.
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To cure in a mild, prompt, safe, and durable manner, it is necessary to choose in each case a medicine that will excite an affection similar (
2790:
Authors have speculated on the socio-cultural and psychological reasons for the appeal of alternative medicines among the minority using them
14346:
14243:
2754:
The popularity of complementary & alternative medicine (CAM) may be related to other factors that Ernst mentioned in a 2008 interview in
2515:
In the same way as for conventional therapies, drugs, and interventions, it can be difficult to test the efficacy of alternative medicine in
1534:"a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine"
11339:
11078:
10222:
5741:
1242:
Some alternative practices are based on theories that contradict the established science of how the human body works; others appeal to the
7630:
Coulter, Ian D.; Willis, Evan M. (2004-06-07). "The rise and rise of complementary and alternative medicine: a sociological perspective".
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8522:
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Use verifiable electromagnetic fields, such as pulsed fields, alternating-current, or direct-current fields in an unconventional manner.
1410:
11853:
A Consumer's Guide to "Alternative Medicine": A Close Look at Homeopathy, Acupuncture, Faith-healing and Other Unconventional Treatments
9934:"Acceptance and use of complementary and alternative medicine among medical specialists: a 15-year systematic review and data synthesis"
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10339:
8341:
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1587:
1124:
200:
12354:"Development and classification of an operational definition of complementary and alternative medicine for the Cochrane Collaboration"
10461:
Marty, A.T. (1999). "The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines". Books, Journals, New Media.
1429:
as "natural" or "holistic", implicitly and intentionally suggesting that conventional medicine is "artificial" and "narrow in scope".
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11365:
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of conventional medicine. There are several socio-cultural reasons for the interest in these treatments centered on the low level of
245:
12419:
8116:
7915:
Winnick, T.A. (2005). "From quackery to "complementary" medicine: The American medical profession confronts alternative therapies".
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Some critics of alternative medicine are focused upon health fraud, misinformation, and quackery as public health problems, notably
1709:
defines traditional medicine as "the sum total of the knowledge, skill and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences
13246:
11205:
6711:
5512:
5213:"Advising patients on the use of non-herbal nutritional supplements during cancer therapy: a need for doctor-patient communication"
4905:
3247:
There have always been "many therapies offered outside of conventional cancer treatment centers and based on theories not found in
3144:
2881:
2582:– an individual receives "alternative therapy" and is convinced it will help. The conviction makes them more likely to get better.
9675:
9092:
Sobel, D.S. (2000). "Chapter 28: The Cost-effectiveness of Mind-body Medicine Interventions". In Mayer, E.A.; Saper, C.B. (eds.).
7441:"According to a New Government Survey, 38 Percent of Adults and 12 Percent of Children Use Complementary and Alternative Medicine"
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2001:
Safety concerns have been raised about Ayurveda, with two U.S. studies finding about 20 percent of Ayurvedic Indian-manufactured
1801:
1761:
Critics say the expression is deceptive because it implies there is an effective alternative to science-based medicine, and that
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Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. Aliso Viejo, California : InnoVision Communications, c1995- NLM ID: 9502013
11644:"Patient Perspectives: Barriers to Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies Create Problems for Patients and Survivors"
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The meaning of the term "alternative" in the expression "alternative medicine", is not that it is an effective alternative to
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Young, J.H. (1998). "The Development of the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health, 1991–1996".
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In 2003, a project funded by the CDC identified 208 condition-treatment pairs, of which 58% had been studied by at least one
2444:, an authority on scientific study of alternative therapies and diagnoses and the first university professor of CAM, in 2012
1787:
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774:
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Complementary medicine, defined as health care which lies for the most part outside the mainstream of conventional medicine.
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12718:
Mayo Clinic Book of Alternative Medicine: The New Approach to Using the Best of Natural Therapies and Conventional Medicine
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Gorski, David; Novella, Steven (August 20, 2014). "Clinical trials of integrative medicine: testing whether magic works?".
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7443:(Press release). NIH News. Bethseda, Maryland: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine. 10 December 2008
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Del Prete, A; Scalera, A; Iadevaia, M. D.; Miranda, A; Zulli, C; Gaeta, L; Tuccillo, C; Federico, A; Loguercio, C (2012).
9762:"Stated goals and grants of the Office of Alternative Medicine/National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine"
6620:
Ernst E (2001). "Rise in popularity of complementary and alternative medicine: reasons and consequences for vaccination".
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had spent $ 2.5 billion on investigating alternative therapies prior to 2009, with none being found to be effective.
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A belief that a substance that causes the symptoms of a disease in healthy people cures similar symptoms in sick people.
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2597:– Standard treatment is replaced with "alternative" treatment, getting rid of adverse effects, but also of improvement.
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Demanding Medical Excellence: Doctors and Accountability in the Information Age, and its Relevance to CRNAs and Nursing
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Greenlee, Heather; Zick, Suzanna M.; Rosenthal, David; Cohen, Lorenzo; Cassileth, Barrie; Tripathy, Debu (March 2015).
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4080:
3561:, has stated that "it's become politically correct to investigate nonsense." A commonly cited statistic is that the US
3033:
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698:
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Merrick, Janna (June 2003). "Spiritual Healing, Sick Kids and the Law: Inequities in the American Healthcare System".
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study to have flawed methodology. This and other modern reviews suggest that other factors like natural recovery and
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of "alternative medicine" being an effective "alternative" to biomedicine, changing social attitudes about not using
1865:, and "scientific evidence does not support claims that naturopathic medicine can cure cancer or any other disease".
270:
13003:
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Kasper, Dennis L; Fauci, Anthony S.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Longo, Dan L.; Jameson, J. Larry; Loscalzo, Joseph (2015).
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lose anything if its effects were confirmed; rather their change of mind would enhance their skeptical credentials.
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According to the Institute of Medicine, use of alternative medical techniques may result in several types of harm:
3129:
Between homeopathy and herbal therapy lies a bewildering array of untested and unregulated treatments, all labeled
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1103:
1073:
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10595:"Fake healers: Why Australia's $ 1 billion-a-year alternative medicine industry is ineffective and out of control"
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outcome probability. Research into alternative therapies often fails to follow proper research protocols (such as
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Herbal Supplements: Efficacy, Toxicity, Interactions with Western Drugs, and Effects on Clinical Laboratory Tests
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4656:
4250:"Chapter 7: Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Public Understanding: Science Fiction and Pseudoscience"
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3863:
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Government bodies in the US and elsewhere have published information or guidance about alternative medicine. The
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1740:, claiming to take into fuller account the "whole" person, in contrast to the supposed reductionism of medicine.
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109:
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Weisleder, P (January 2010). "Unethical prescriptions: alternative therapies for children with cerebral palsy".
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2107:, thereby affecting health and disease. Vertebral subluxation is a pseudoscientific entity not proven to exist.
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Complementary Therapies in Medicine. Edinburgh; New York : Churchill Livingstone, c. 1993 NLM ID: 9308777
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3634:"An alternative medical system is a set of practices based on a philosophy different from Western biomedicine."
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De Smet, Peter A.G.M. (December 1997). "The Role of Plant-Derived Drugs and Herbal Medicines in Healthcare".
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10064:"Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990–1997: Results of a follow-up national survey"
10033:
9146:"Psychology and 'alternative medicine' social and judgmental biases that make inert treatments seem to work"
3646:"lternative medicine refers to all treatments that have not been proven effective using scientific methods."
2913:" was taught at more than 100 colleges and universities in 75 countries before the practice was debunked by
1578:
Several medical organizations differentiate between complementary and alternative medicine including the UK
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used in biomedicine. "Biomedicine" or "medicine" is that part of medical science that applies principles of
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Much of the perceived effect of an alternative practice arises from a belief that it will be effective, the
15337:
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Kopelman, L. "The Role of Science in Assessing Conventional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines". In
10540:"Appendix E: Model Guidelines for the Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Medical Practice".
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Che, C.-T.; George, V.; Ijinu, T.P.; Pushpangadan, P.; Andrae-Marobela, K. (2017). "Traditional Medicine".
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Belloni, Silvia; Bonucci, Massimo; Arrigoni, Cristina; Dellafiore, Federica; Caruso, Rosario (2023-01-01).
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that were labeled "irregular practices" by the western medical establishment. It includes the histories of
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10516:"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Products and their Regulation by the Food and Drug Administration"
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Nissen, N.; et al. (2013). "Researching alternative and complementary therapies: Mapping the field".
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curative "alternative cancer cures" are based on false claims, are bogus, and, I would say, even criminal.
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laws regarding religion-based healing practices. Thirty-one states have child-abuse religious exemptions.
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10290:
9783:
8566:"The HealthWatch Award 2005: Prof. Edzard Ernst: Complementary medicine: The good the bad and the ugly"
7493:
3713:
3024:
interventions designed to "reduce pain and concomitant mood disturbance and increase quality of life."
2726:
2666:
2290:
1274:
1250:
to explain their effect or lack thereof. In others, the practice has plausibility but lacks a positive
515:
334:
260:
9509:
Routledge Handbook of Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Perspectives from Social Science and Law
7739:
5388:
2976:, Bach and other flower remedies, body work therapies including massage, Counseling stress therapies,
14958:
14405:
13601:
13423:
13269:
12522:
10961:
10138:
8421:
7917:
7180:"Lead, mercury, and arsenic in US- and Indian-manufactured Ayurvedic medicines sold via the Internet"
6311:
5541:
5049:
4499:
3208:
2884:(CAPTA) required that for states to receive federal money, they had to grant religious exemptions to
2683:
2099:
Chiropractic was based on the belief that manipulating the spine unblocks the flow of a supernatural
1982:
Traditional medicine of India. Ayurveda believes in the existence of three elemental substances, the
1771:
1640:
1616:
1559:(IM) is when alternative medicine is used together with mainstream functional medical treatment in a
1206:, propaganda, fraud, or other unscientific sources. Frequently used terms for relevant practices are
784:
398:
344:
12777:
8857:
6892:"Traditional Medicine and Pseudoscience in China: A Report of the Second CSICOP Delegation (Part 1)"
4857:"Overview of CAM in the United States: Recent History, Current Status, And Prospects for the Future"
3877:
2640:, when patients who expect a treatment to be harmful will perceive harmful effects after taking it.
2519:. In instances where an established, effective, treatment for a condition is already available, the
14916:
14810:
14776:
14660:
13657:
13569:
10640:
10602:
10430:
10184:
4558:
1063:
230:
10413:
10206:
8540:
4758:"A review of the incorporation of complementary and alternative medicine by mainstream physicians"
3295:
Alternative medicine may lead to a false understanding of the body and of the process of science.
1601:
Complementary and integrative interventions are used to improve fatigue in adult cancer patients.
15323:
15241:
14993:
14675:
14614:
14385:
13362:
13274:
12254:
11911:
11529:
11331:
11092:
8715:
8171:
7583:
Quack Medicine: A History of Combating Health Fraud in Twentieth-Century America, Eric W. Boyle,
7462:
Pearce, Alison; Simpson, Neil (March 1998). "A paediatrician's guide to complementary medicine".
6659:
6422:
5594:
5316:
4842:
3381:
3304:
2958:
2682:, and misleading wording of questions. In their 2010 systematic review of studies into placebos,
2371:
2334:
1858:
1579:
1437:
1148:
779:
737:
665:
545:
180:
14640:
11580:
4838:
4666:
3805:
Barrett, Stephen; Hall, Harriet; Baratz, Robert S.; London, William M.; Kroger, Manfred (2013).
15385:
15155:
15023:
14936:
14911:
14901:
14759:
14462:
14329:
14211:
14151:
13647:
13554:
13367:
10425:
8852:
8479:
8021:
6461:
5521:
4762:
3872:
3021:
2569:
2417:
2318:
1608:
1251:
720:
710:
605:
11988:
11748:
11284:
Sampson W, Atwood K (2005). "Propagation of the absurd: demarcation of the absurd revisited".
11251:
9559:
8976:"Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment"
8573:
8345:
7775:
7584:
7072:
15160:
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14609:
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13948:
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11730:
10177:"Latest Survey Shows More Hospitals Offering Complementary and Alternative Medicine Services"
8291:. Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland. Archived from
6692:
6355:
6319:
3579:
3486:
3421:
3376:
3342:
2938:
2798:
among the public at large and a concomitant increase in antiscientific attitudes and new age
2608:
2489:
2449:
2357:
of any kind, sensitivity to giving equal measure to beliefs and practices of other cultures (
2093:
2054:
2014:
1826:
1098:
705:
635:
475:
275:
140:
12595:
11006:
Ernst, E. (1999). "Funding research into complementary medicine: The situation in Britain".
10773:
10359:
10102:
6688:
6532:
5618:
3919:
3303:
considered that critics felt that healthcare practices should be classified based solely on
2050:
Intended to influence energy fields that, it is purported, surround and penetrate the body.
1897:
15110:
14781:
14692:
14587:
14309:
14038:
14018:
13908:
13761:
13463:
13409:
13217:
13087:
10207:"Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007"
9610:
9379:
Weber, D.O. (1998). "Complementary and alternative medicine considering the alternatives".
8417:"Complementary and alternative medicine: assessing the evidence for immunological benefits"
5789:
4459:"Complementary and alternative medicine: assessing the evidence for immunological benefits"
3535:
3455:
3332:
2520:
2322:
1850:
Naturopathic medicine is based on a belief that the body heals itself using a supernatural
1703:
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1331:
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Ben-Arye, Eran; Polliack, Aaron; Schiff, Elad; Tadmor, Tamar; Samuels, Noah (2013-12-01).
3465:
Research on alternative medicine is frequently of low quality and methodologically flawed.
2687:
1969:
1215:
8:
15246:
15080:
14390:
14125:
14089:
13953:
13048:
11178:
10474:
10229:
9885:"The rise and rise of complementary and alternative medicine: A sociological perspective"
9726:"The Ongoing Problem with the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine"
9381:
9258:"The Quackish Cult of Alternative Medicine. Dr. Paul Offit's battle against charlatanism"
8105:
7135:
6414:
5915:
5635:
5586:
4359:"The Rise and Rise of Complementary and Alternative Medicine: a Sociological Perspective"
3429:
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2795:
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They told me if I took 1000 pills at night I should be quite another thing in the morning
1691:
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500:
413:
190:
9614:
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criticized the low standard of evidence accepted by the alternative medicine community:
15316:
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12412:
General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine
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implies that an extreme result is more likely to be followed by a less extreme result.
2464:
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2223:
significant effect on medical outcomes after hospitalization in a coronary care unit."
2147:
1995:
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Eisenberg DM (July 1997). "Advising patients who seek alternative medical therapies".
12566:
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Complementary & Alternative Medicine: Legal Boundaries and Regulatory Perspectives
11253:
Bounding Biomedicine: Evidence and Rhetoric in the New Science of Alternative Medicine
11019:
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There is a general scientific consensus that alternative therapies lack the requisite
1607:
has described integrative medicine as an attempt to bring pseudoscience into academic
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11390:"Book review: The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark by Carl Sagan"
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Rimmer, Abi (25 January 2018). "Empathy and ethics: five minutes with Edzard Ernst".
9115:
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9041:
9024:
Kienle GS, Kiene H (December 1997). "The powerful placebo effect: fact or fiction?".
8997:
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8018:
Medical Education in the United States and Canada A Report to the Carnegie Foundation
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7018:
6971:"Seeing the Body: The Divergence of Ancient Chinese and Western Medical Illustration"
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3534:
Some commentators have said that special consideration must be given to the issue of
3425:
3351:
Q: What do you call Alternative Medicine that survives double-blind laboratory tests?
2910:
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2531:
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2182:
2006:
1965:
1750:
1525:
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is any practice that aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine despite lacking
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9698:"NCCIH Strategic Plan 2016–2021, or: Let's try to do some real science for a change"
9632:
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9312:
8882:
8775:
8662:
Healing, Hype, or Harm? A Critical Analysis of Complementary or Alternative Medicine
8518:
8452:
8371:"Ignore growing patient interest in alternative medicine at your peril - MDs warned"
8221:
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4861:
White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy Final Report
4821:
4621:
4492:
4415:"Ignore Growing Patient Interest in Alternative Medicine at Your Peril – MDs Warned"
4392:
4259:
3969:
2287:
Energy medicine: is a domain that deals with putative and verifiable energy fields:
1953:(insertion of needles in the body at specified points), massage (Tui na), exercise (
1920:
Alternative medical systems may be based on traditional medicine practices, such as
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10957:"Ethical problems arising in evidence based complementary and alternative medicine"
10916:
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10715:
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10304:
10103:
Patricia M. Barnes; Eve Powell-Grine; Kim McFann; Richard L. Nahin (May 27, 2004).
10075:
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9898:
9857:
9820:
9618:
9560:"Assessing equitable care for indigenous and afrodescendant women in Latin America"
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8201:
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6763:(Report). HC 45, Fourth Report of Session 2009–2010. London: The Stationery Office.
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5687:
Tyreman, Stephen (2011-05-01). "Values in complementary and alternative medicine".
5673:
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3708:
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3213:
2997:
2811:
2496:
2453:
2338:
1983:
1568:
1335:
883:
645:
505:
292:
12551:"Validating clinical reasoning: A question of perspective, but whose perspective?"
12295:
Theorizing Complementary and Alternative Medicines: Wellbeing, Self, Gender, Class
12147:
10755:
10439:
6755:
5557:
2810:
patients lack access to contemporary medicine, due to a lack of private or public
2724:
that help maintain self-esteem and promote harmonious social functioning, and the
1342:" than methods offered by medical science, that is sometimes derogatorily called "
15236:
15204:
15090:
15065:
14754:
14719:
14714:
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14562:
14482:
14455:
14445:
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14375:
14023:
13871:
13861:
13729:
13591:
13523:
13167:
13061:
13038:
13025:
13015:
13007:
12995:
12985:
12512:
12471:
11984:
11726:
11503:
Indigenous Herbal Medicines: Tribal Formulations and Traditional Herbal Practices
11394:
11327:
11174:"Scientists speak out against federal funds for research on alternative medicine"
9861:
9507:
9253:
9227:
8791:"A public health agenda for traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine"
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8013:
7889:
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6887:
6843:(1995). "Antiscience Trends in the Rise of the "Alternative Medicine" Movement".
6840:
6381:
5943:
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4776:
4757:
3806:
3599:
3594:
3495:
3481:
3405:
3393:
3365:
3016:
2905:
2756:
2416:, includes a research institute for integrative medicine (a member entity of the
2400:
2173:
2167:
2136:
2045:
2002:
1612:
1485:
1433:
1053:
1010:
595:
585:
460:
423:
361:
329:
324:
297:
235:
205:
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Ernst, E. (2008). "Placebo and other Non-specific Effects". In Ernst, E. (ed.).
7004:"Medieval Transmission of Alchemical and Chemical Ideas between India and China"
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prevention, diagnosis, improvement, or treatment of physical and mental illness.
5282:
3886:
15210:
15185:
15175:
15170:
15135:
15130:
15105:
14798:
14739:
14572:
14537:
14335:
14277:
14267:
13993:
13631:
13488:
13222:
12944:
Benchmarks for training in traditional / complementary and alternative medicine
12418:. Vol. WHO/EDM/TRM/2001.1. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO). 2000.
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7136:"Lead Poisoning Associated with Ayurvedic Medications – Five States, 2000–2003"
6448:
6124:
4805:
3961:
3296:
3278:
3118:
3095:
2853:
2818:
2721:
2645:
2616:
2516:
2396:
2342:
2243:
1651:
1571:
caused by alternative therapies may make treatments less effective, notably in
1270:
1171:
1030:
903:
670:
655:
570:
490:
485:
13473:
12504:
12156:
12152:. Translated by Devrient, C.H. Annotated by Stratten, S. Dublin: W.F. Wakeman.
11219:
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More harm than good?: the moral maze of complementary and alternative medicine
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15374:
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15095:
14926:
14870:
14749:
14697:
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14287:
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13998:
13923:
13719:
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13341:
13172:
12636:
12392:
12117:
11660:
11643:
11610:
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10080:
10063:
9575:
9477:
9296:
8759:
8641:
8252:
8110:
7825:
7751:
7653:
7604:"Countercultural Healing: A brief History of Alternative Medicine in America"
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3584:
3468:
Treatments are not part of the conventional, science-based healthcare system.
3444:
3300:
2885:
2679:
2485:
2361:), and growing frustration and desperation by patients about limitations and
2251:
2247:
2214:
1544:
are increasingly willing to provide reimbursement for alternative therapies.
1505:
1364:
1199:
1156:
965:
940:
848:
838:
650:
565:
480:
403:
366:
309:
287:
175:
125:
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An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
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1339:
1330:
attempt to combine alternative practices with those of mainstream medicine.
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14983:
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14003:
13751:
13549:
13182:
13162:
13152:
12856:
12809:
12703:
12671:
12644:
12574:
12379:
12053:
The Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Accommodating Pluralism
11962:
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10447:
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9447:
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9119:
9001:
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8826:
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8622:
8510:
8444:
8270:
8213:
8083:
7661:
7537:
7288:
7253:
Breeher L, Mikulski MA, Czeczok T, Leinenkugel K, Fuortes LJ (6 Apr 2015).
7213:
7195:
7161:
7022:
6796:
6742:
6641:
6595:
6515:
6389:
6202:
6185:
6168:
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5508:
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5111:
5019:
4896:
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4813:
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4384:
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4040:
4020:
3540:
3517:
3440:
3436:
2977:
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2826:
2817:
Patients can be averse to the painful, unpleasant, and sometimes-dangerous
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2178:
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1247:
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210:
195:
12925:
12603:
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10710:
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7843:
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7347:
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6145:
5092:
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4166:
4001:
3894:
15070:
14831:
14557:
14547:
14415:
14365:
14084:
13756:
13724:
13192:
13000:
12711:
12679:
12473:
Snake oil science: the truth about complementary and alternative medicine
11818:
11447:"The need for educational reform in teaching about alternative therapies"
10820:
10340:"Nonpharmacologic and complementary approaches to cancer pain management"
9073:
8636:
8569:
8336:
8142:
7379:
6817:
5444:"Integrative oncology — strong science is needed for better patient care"
5133:
4700:
4325:"The Need for Educational Reform in Teaching about Alternative Therapies"
4188:
3936:
Further rebranding has given rise to the notion of 'integrated medicine'.
3459:
3248:
2985:
2889:
2822:
2524:
2474:
2362:
2151:
2017:
have been attributed to the use of these compounds in the United States.
1950:
1913:
1862:
1845:
1818:
1679:
1659:
1564:
1493:
1457:
1179:
1152:
980:
898:
610:
535:
530:
470:
250:
220:
170:
165:
130:
12908:"Importance of philosophy of science to the history of medical thinking"
11408:
11389:
11201:"Evaluating complementary and alternative therapies for cancer patients"
9355:(1st American ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 201, 222, 259.
8501:
6266:
Do You Believe in Magic?: The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine
4551:"The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States"
3046:
2925:
The most common CAM therapies used in the US in 2002 were prayer (45%),
15310:
15140:
15120:
15115:
15003:
14998:
14973:
14968:
14858:
14793:
14724:
14599:
14567:
14507:
14304:
14176:
14166:
14043:
14033:
13973:
13938:
13933:
13704:
13378:
13202:
13197:
13187:
13100:
12951:
WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine
12250:
12121:
11335:
10917:"Asking the Experts: Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Cancer"
7529:
6756:
House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee (22 February 2010).
6498:
6481:
6261:
5460:
5443:
5338:"The difference between complementary and alternative therapies (CAMs)"
5076:"Complementary alternative health care in Israel and the western world"
4950:
3413:
3397:
3372:
3289:
2981:
2914:
2058:
1870:
1822:
1775:
1724:
is another rebranding of alternative medicine. In this case, the words
1683:
1675:
1629:
1481:
1473:
1078:
575:
560:
550:
438:
185:
135:
12652:
Hand, W.D. (1980). "Folk Magical Medicine and Symbolism in the West".
11131:
6428:
5590:
5011:
4701:"Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health: What's In a Name?"
3856:"Alternative medicine--The risks of untested and unregulated remedies"
3855:
3270:
There is no alternative medicine. There is only scientifically proven,
15195:
15013:
14963:
14931:
14906:
14771:
14577:
14552:
14517:
14319:
14262:
14171:
13943:
13903:
13893:
13846:
13766:
13714:
13508:
13503:
13207:
13177:
12619:
Gunn IP (December 1998). "A critique of Michael L. Millenson's book,
10590:
9623:
9598:
9191:
9157:
6219:
Zucker, Arthur (January 1979). "Reductionism and holistic medicine".
4135:"Antiscience Trends in the Rise of the Alternative Medicine Movement"
2926:
2799:
2354:
2346:
2195:
2155:
1286:
1000:
960:
935:
640:
600:
465:
12120:(1997) . "Chapter 28: Unorthodox Medical Theories". In Bynum, W.F.;
11683:
Ernst, E. (2005). "The efficacy of herbal medicine -- An overview".
9825:
9808:
9648:"$ 142 Million For Quack Medicine Buried Inside The New 2018 Budget"
8435:
8416:
6570:
Jagtenberg T, Evans S, Grant A, Howden I, Lewis M, Singer J (2006).
4730:
4475:
4458:
4081:"Directive 2004/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council"
2560:
2333:
Use of alternative medicine in the west began to rise following the
77:
14953:
14512:
14487:
14435:
14395:
14314:
14115:
14094:
14013:
13983:
13888:
13856:
13746:
13544:
13443:
13147:
13044:
Forschende Komplementärmedizin / Research in Complementary Medicine
12980:. Sandpoint, Idaho : Thorne Research, c. 1996 NLM ID: 9705340
12723:
12212:
Healing Traditions: Alternative Medicine and the Health Professions
11906:
10921:
10896:
10551:
10148:
9353:
Trick or treatment: the undeniable facts about alternative medicine
7255:"A cluster of lead poisoning among consumers of Ayurvedic medicine"
4874:
2509:
2326:
2143:
1977:
1883:
1851:
1667:
1449:
1278:
1236:
1183:
1175:
1160:
913:
821:
660:
114:
12776:. Cleveland, Ohio: Case Western Reserve University. Archived from
10807:
Navarro, V.J.; et al. (2006). "Drug-related hepatotoxicity".
8905:
Hróbjartsson A, Gøtzsche PC (January 2010). Hróbjartsson A (ed.).
8480:"Current challenges in appraising complementary medicine evidence"
6921:
Celestial Lancets: a History and Rationale of Acupuncture and Moxa
5920:. Paris: UNESCO International Bioethics Committee. 2010. p. 5
1960:
The practices are based on belief in a supernatural energy called
15100:
15033:
14943:
14896:
14863:
14028:
13968:
13928:
13883:
13841:
13771:
13694:
13054:
12149:
The Homœopathic Medical Doctrine, or "Organon of the Healing Art"
11041:
Ernst, .E; Pittler, M.H.; Stevinson, C.; White, A., eds. (2001).
9476:
Barnes, P.M.; Powell-Griner, E.; McFann, K.; Nahin, R.L. (2004).
7252:
6284:
Killing Us Softly: The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine
6064:"Complementary and Alternative Healthcare: Is it Evidence-based?"
3811:(9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 34–35, 134, 137.
3575:
Alternative therapies for developmental and learning disabilities
3507:
3448:
3175:
2989:
2735:
2577:
2508:
less effective, such as interference by herbal preparations with
2492:
panel, the number of RCTs focused on CAM has risen dramatically.
2278:
2163:
2118:
2076:
2010:
1991:
1909:
1767:
1754:
1509:
1469:
1465:
1404:
1255:
1208:
1203:
1005:
923:
888:
878:
620:
15200:
14203:
12685:
Limits to Medicine: Medical Nemesis: The Expropriation of Health
12550:
12389:
The Roots of Ayurveda: Selections from Sanskrit Medical Writings
10267:. National Health Service in England (NHS), UK Dept. of Health.
5542:"Quackademia? Mass-Media Delegitimation of Homeopathy Education"
5386:
4705:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
3164:, which results in monetary loss but presents no health hazard;"
1360:
15008:
14161:
13918:
13586:
13438:
12978:
Alternative Medicine Review: A Journal of Clinical Therapeutics
12948:
12794:"Issues in Complementary Therapies: How We Got to Where We Are"
10691:
10663:"Use of herbal remedies among patients undergoing hemodialysis"
10032:. Child Welfare Information Gateway. April 2007. Archived from
9096:. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 122. pp. 393–412.
6773:
5944:"Demystifying traditional herbal medicine with modern approach"
3503:
3274:
or unproven medicine, for which scientific evidence is lacking.
3207:
Conventional treatments are subjected to testing for undesired
2777:
2771:
2699:
2586:
2437:
1987:
1954:
1560:
1425:(NCCAM) before obtaining its current name. Therapies are often
1326:
1093:
918:
873:
540:
12656:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 305–319.
9475:
7259:
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
3321:) and the journal's interim editor-in-chief Phil Fontanarosa.
1743:
1460:, or whose theories or practices are directly contradicted by
1413:
department studying alternative medicine, currently named the
14582:
14008:
13851:
13581:
13559:
10175:
10143:
8314:
5129:
4704:
4554:
2112:
970:
945:
826:
376:
12843:
Tonelli MR (2001). "The limits of evidence-based medicine".
12830:"Magical thinking in complementary and alternative medicine"
12490:
10514:
Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and (6 May 2020).
8736:
7693:
Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America
7134:
Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (9 July 2004).
5363:"Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Cancer Patients"
5210:
5153:
4948:
Joyce, C.R.B. (1994). "Placebo and complementary medicine".
4791:
13913:
13576:
13433:
13031:
Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM
12435:
WHO Guidelines on Basic Training and Safety in Chiropractic
12099:
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States
11043:
The Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine
10543:
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States
10488:
Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and (5 January 2022).
8313:. University of Maryland School of Medicine. Archived from
7864:
Other Healers, Other Cures: A Guide to Alternative Medicine
6333:
6169:"Medical reductionism: lessons from the great philosophers"
5742:
WHO global report on traditional and complementary medicine
5613:
The Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine
4286:
4244:
2968:
In Britain, the most often used alternative therapies were
2242:
which involves scientifically observable energy (including
1879:
955:
809:
11856:. Consumer Health Library. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus.
11040:
9558:
Castro, Arachu; Savage, Virginia; Kaufman, Hannah (2015).
7514:
6569:
5877:
5441:
5130:
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
3416:. Grounds for opposing alternative medicine include that:
3242:
2920:
2365:
of science-based medicine. At the same time, in 1975, the
1423:
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
12912:
8684:
7177:
7036:
6885:
6707:"A systematic review of systematic reviews of homeopathy"
6547:
Clinical Naturopathy: An Evidence-based Guide to Practice
4998:
4755:
12977:
12256:
The Demon-Haunted World: Science As a Candle in the Dark
11907:"Evidence: "It Worked for My Aunt Tillie" is Not Enough"
10546:. The National Academies Press. 2005. pp. 298–308.
9330:. Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic. pp. 404, 439, 443.
8164:"Medical Student Education Program: Curriculum Overview"
8106:"How Becoming a Doctor Works: Medical School Curriculum"
7492:. American Cancer Society. June 15, 2009. Archived from
7067:
Dasgupta, Amitava; Hammett-Stabler, Catherine A (2011).
4555:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
4274:
4070:. sciencebasedmedicine.org. (Retrieved March 25, 2022).
3382:
The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark
2236:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
2219:
There is a divine or spiritual intervention in healing.
1563:
that it improves the effect of treatments. For example,
1547:
1415:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
12233:
Marginal to Mainstream: Alternative Medicine in America
12034:
Complementary Medicine: New Approaches to Good Practice
10892:"Alternative remedies 'dangerous' for kids says report"
10660:
8459:
7066:
5815:
Wake, Getu Engida; Fitie, Girma Wogie (29 April 2022).
5126:"What is Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)?"
3921:
Suckers: How Alternative Medicine Makes Fools of Us All
3804:
3547:
2859:
Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine
2130:
1961:
1528:. For example, a widely used definition devised by the
908:
12749:(Rev. ed.). Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.
9319:
9019:
9017:
9015:
9013:
9011:
6923:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
4522:"Complementary Medicine – Alternative Medical Systems"
4193:"On Fringes of Health Care, Untested Therapies Thrive"
2538:
Contrary to much popular and scientific writing, many
2189:
1829:, is based on belief systems not grounded in science.
1273:, or from the treated condition resolving on its own (
11243:
10661:
Roozbeh, J; Hashempur, M. H.; Heydari, M (Nov 2013).
10241:
9422:"Alternative medicine and common errors of reasoning"
8593:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
7319:
6879:
6212:
6160:
6000:
5266:"Integrative medicine or infiltrative pseudoscience?"
4588:"Alternative medicine and common errors of reasoning"
2075:
Asserts that magnets can be used to defy the laws of
2005:
contained toxic levels of heavy metals such as lead,
1628:
has criticized the field of alternative medicine for
1594:
is used in addition to standard treatments" whereas "
12334:
Sixth Report: Complementary and Alternative Medicine
11505:. Jaipur, India: Aavishkar Publishers. p. 440.
9512:. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 271–291.
8973:
8904:
8900:
8898:
8896:
8894:
8892:
8123:
7740:"Cover Stories: Why New Age Medicine Is Catching On"
7300:
7298:
7229:"Ayurveda: Ancient Superstition, Not Ancient Wisdom"
6409:
6407:
5640:"Complementary and alternative therapies for cancer"
5630:
5628:
4638:
Saks, M. (1992). "Introduction". In Saks, M. (ed.).
4309:(2nd ed.). Amerst, New York: Prometheue Books.
3985:"Complementary and Alternative Healthcare in Israel"
3081:
Health campaign flyers, as in this example from the
2117:
Practitioners place their palms on the patient near
1512:, propaganda, fraud, or other unscientific sources.
10373:
10371:
10369:
10344:
The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
9931:
9557:
9008:
8907:"Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions"
8541:"Alternative medicine and the psychology of belief"
7949:(8th ed.). New York: Worth. pp. 261–277.
7625:
7623:
7455:
7060:
7048:
5580:
3947:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3193:, MacLennan also gives another possible mechanism:
3121:to describe some issues with alternative medicine:
1293:) or actively interfere with effective treatments.
13049:Journal for Alternative and Complementary Medicine
12949:WHO Kobe Centre; Bodeker, G.; et al. (2005).
12865:
12742:
12715:
12516:
12391:. Translated by D. Wujastyk. London and New York:
12216:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
12209:
12161:(19th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Education.
11879:"Alternative medicine remains an ethics-free zone"
11843:
11535:
11277:
10848:
10846:
9412:
9410:
9408:
9406:
9404:
7685:
7683:
7681:
7679:
7320:Rosa L, Rosa E, Sarner L, Barrett S (April 1998).
6121:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6111:
5871:
5264:
5258:
5256:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4114:
13010:. London: BioMed Central, 2001 NLM ID: 101088661
12128:. Vol. 1. New York & London: Routledge.
12126:Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine
12055:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
11967:"Conflicts of interest in science-based medicine"
11116:"Teach evidence based, not alternative, medicine"
10454:
10414:"Alternative and complementary cancer treatments"
10236:Sir Walton: Science and Technology Committee 2000
10057:
10055:
10053:
9526:
9069:"$ 2.5 billion spent, no alternative cures found"
9063:
9061:
9059:
9057:
9055:
8889:
8788:
8410:
8408:
7908:
7777:New Age Medicine, Encyclopedia of New Age Beliefs
7508:
7295:
6404:
5625:
5604:
5602:
4737:Sir Walton: Science and Technology Committee 2000
4112:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4094:
3808:Consumer health: a guide to intelligent decisions
3510:in their promotion of pseudoscience in medicine.
15372:
13055:Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine (SRAM)
12886:
11320:
10366:
10253:
10204:
10061:
9344:
9171:
8740:Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
8589:"How Much of CAM Is Based on Research Evidence?"
8156:
7620:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7591:
7094:
7092:
6810:
6538:
6482:"There is no such thing as alternative medicine"
5994:
5908:
5608:
5157:Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
4068:"Integrative medicine": A brand, not a specialty
3785:
3630:
3628:
2573:– the individual gets better without treatment.
2547:
13033:. New York: Hindawi, c. 2004 NLM ID: 101215021
12864:Trivieri, L. Jr. (2002). Anderson, J.W. (ed.).
12791:
11941:"Conflicts of Interest in Alternative Medicine"
11870:
11431:(2nd ed.). Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
10954:
10950:
10948:
10946:
10944:
10942:
10940:
10938:
10843:
9401:
9252:
9094:The Biological Basis for Mind Body Interactions
8414:
8006:
7814:British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)
7773:
7715:
7713:
7676:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6108:
5784:
5782:
5253:
4996:May, J. (2011). "What is integrative health?".
4901:"Complementary medicine: Common misconceptions"
4848:
4509:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 2015
4456:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3272:evidence-based medicine supported by solid data
2096:" which are claimed to put pressure on nerves.
12351:
11592:
11478:
11381:
11353:
11192:
10885:
10883:
10748:"Homeopathy: Real medicine or empty promises?"
10405:
10261:"Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)"
10050:
9882:
9499:
9471:
9469:
9467:
9465:
9139:
9137:
9135:
9133:
9131:
9129:
9052:
8629:
8405:
8326:
8324:
8237:"Complementary medicine and medical education"
8182:
8055:"Commentary: Understanding the Flexner Report"
8012:
7780:. Harvest House Publishers. pp. 470–508.
7365:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7357:
6968:
6563:
6443:
6441:
6439:
5808:
5680:
5599:
5147:
4750:
4713:US Dept. of Health and Human Services (US HHS)
4240:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4091:
3982:
3941:
3850:
3767:
3698:
3687:
3685:
3666:
3664:
3454:Methods may incorporate or base themselves on
3176:Interactions with conventional pharmaceuticals
1796:
1456:, or whose theory and practice is not part of
1349:
14244:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
14219:
13828:
13814:
13394:
13116:
12548:
12077:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
11849:
11762:
11366:National Council Against Health Fraud (NCAHF)
11283:
11167:
11165:
10806:
10282:
10205:Barnes, P.M.; Bloom, B.; Nahin, R.L. (2008).
10112:Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics
9847:
9590:
9485:Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics
8637:"Alternative Medicine: Think yourself better"
8277:
8188:
8043:
7629:
7588:
7562:. Backgrounders. NCCIH. 2005 . Archived from
7461:
7089:
6995:
6912:
6367:
6179:(9). Oxford University Press (OUP): 721–724.
5942:Li, Fu-Shuang; Weng, Jing-Ke (31 July 2017).
5634:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5262:
4943:
4941:
4891:
4889:
4585:
4356:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4214:
3625:
2825:can have potential to cause life-threatening
2460:The Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine
1892:
1125:
12937:
12889:The scientific basis of integrative medicine
12792:Snyder, Mariah; Lindquist, Ruth (May 2001).
12771:
12581:
12358:Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
12297:. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
12207:
12102:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
11895:
11719:
11586:
11500:
11494:
11256:. University of Chicago Press. p. 215.
10935:
10800:
10337:
10331:
9876:
9505:
8969:
8967:
8782:
8687:Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
8557:
8364:
8362:
7710:
7490:"Faith Healing – Making Treatment Decisions"
7433:
7173:
7171:
7071:. Hoboken NJ: John Wiley and Sons. pp.
6937:
6749:
6544:
6528:
6300:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6250:
5779:
4412:
4408:
4406:
4357:Coulter, Ian D; Willis, Evan M (June 2004).
3913:
3911:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3611:
3435:It is usually based on religion, tradition,
3157:, which results in adverse patient outcome."
2395:Mainly as a result of reforms following the
1632:the same practices as integrative medicine.
1615:referring to this with the pejorative term "
12710:
11107:
10880:
10859:Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice
10778:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 18.
10741:
10739:
10533:
10198:
10171:
10169:
10130:
9714:
9462:
9126:
9023:
8914:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
8838:
8836:
8532:
8471:
8321:
8228:
7552:
7354:
6473:
6436:
6055:
5935:
5736:
5734:
5611:"Author interview (Edzard Ernst, editor of
5034:
4633:
4631:
4027:
3720:
3682:
3673:
3661:
3654:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3314:Journal of the American Medical Association
2427:United States Medical Licensing Examination
1744:Challenges in defining alternative medicine
1411:United States National Institutes of Health
14226:
14212:
13821:
13807:
13401:
13387:
13123:
13109:
13001:BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
12868:Alternative Medicine: The Definitive Guide
12842:
12828:Stevens, P. Jr. (November–December 2001).
12159:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
12091:
11676:
11576:
11525:
11445:Sampson, W. (2001). Grollman, A.P. (ed.).
11162:
10852:
10771:
10583:
9932:Phutrakool P, Pongpirul K (January 2022).
9416:
9350:
9276:
9143:
9085:
8711:
8580:
8465:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7573:
6845:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
6361:
6339:
5540:Caldwell, Elizabeth Frances (2017-07-03).
5492:
5367:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5067:
4991:
4989:
4938:
4886:
4834:
4695:
4662:
4642:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 1–21.
4280:
4211:
4139:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
3983:Shuval, Judith T.; Averbuch, Emma (2012).
3015:Complementary therapies are often used in
1916:involves insertion of needles in the body.
1132:
1118:
201:Association for Research and Enlightenment
15352:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
15293:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
13051:New York : Mary Ann Liebert, c. 1995
12369:
12142:
11826:
11659:
11618:
11541:
11462:
11407:
11332:"Be Wary of "Alternative" Health Methods"
11218:
11198:
10982:
10719:
10709:
10429:
10411:
10391:"Complementary and alternative therapies"
10288:
10079:
9959:
9949:
9824:
9766:Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine
9664:
9622:
9437:
9374:
9372:
9282:
9246:
9150:Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine
8991:
8964:
8933:
8856:
8816:
8678:
8612:
8546:Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine
8500:
8434:
8388:
8359:
8260:
8073:
7833:
7803:
7801:
7799:
7797:
7337:
7278:
7203:
7168:
7151:
7098:
7001:
6962:
6918:
6835:
6833:
6831:
6732:
6698:
6684:
6613:
6572:"Evidence-based medicine and naturopathy"
6497:
6247:
6184:
6166:
6087:
6034:
5850:
5832:
5814:
5655:
5513:"Credulity about acupuncture infiltrates
5459:
5228:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5118:
5101:
5091:
4918:
4863:(Report). US Government Printing Office.
4775:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4603:
4514:
4474:
4430:
4403:
4340:
4010:
4000:
3976:
3908:
3876:
3833:
3420:Alternative therapies typically lack any
3410:The National Council Against Health Fraud
3402:Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine
2659:
2399:of 1910 medical education in established
2341:of the 1970s. This was due to misleading
1598:is used instead of standard treatments."
1590:(CDC), the latter of which states that "
1588:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
757:
13408:
13130:
12905:
12863:
12386:
12191:Scientific Basis for Ayurvedic Therapies
12177:
12175:
12050:
11931:
11929:
11768:
11249:
10767:
10765:
10736:
10616:
10513:
10487:
10247:
10166:
10096:
10027:"Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect"
9645:
9599:"Glittering prizes for research support"
9596:
9220:
8974:Hróbjartsson A, Gøtzsche PC (May 2001).
8833:
8653:
8049:
7769:
7767:
7042:
6943:
6712:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
6221:Journal of Social and Biological Systems
6068:International Journal of Health Sciences
5731:
5617:. Harcourt International. Archived from
5539:
5313:"Complementary and alternative medicine"
5080:Israel Journal of Health Policy Research
4906:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
4745:
4628:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4060:
4033:
3989:Israel Journal of Health Policy Research
3726:) to that against which it is employed."
3649:
3637:
3529:
3341:
3145:List of herbs with known adverse effects
3085:, warn the public about unsafe products.
3076:
2882:Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
2776:
2559:
2484:(RCT), and 23% had been assessed with a
2436:
2172:
2023:
1908:
1896:
1800:
1359:
15257:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
12851:(12): 1435–1440, discussion 1440–1441.
12827:
12774:"Where Do Americans Go for Healthcare?"
12618:
12596:10.7326/0003-4819-127-1-199707010-00010
12542:
12511:
12469:
11955:
11794:
11725:
11685:Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology
11444:
11326:
11034:
10999:
10908:
10745:
9982:
9800:
9672:"NCCIH Funding: Appropriations History"
9223:"Complementary therapies: The big con?"
8842:
8299:
8097:
7944:
7914:
7689:
7601:
7570:
7396:
7369:
7315:
7313:
6919:Lu, Gwei-Djen; Needham, Joseph (1980).
6839:
6619:
6479:
6447:
6413:
6315:
5794:American Board of Physician Specialties
5790:"Integrative Medicine Exam Description"
5686:
4986:
4322:
4132:
4034:Freedman, David H. (July–August 2011).
3917:
3263:
3038:Regulation and prevalence of homeopathy
2921:Prevalence of use of specific therapies
2875:
2770:medicine has been called dangerous and
2229:
1928:the practice is based on superstition.
1662:, Movement Therapies, Expressive Arts,
1648:American Board of Physician Specialties
1443:
14:
15373:
13710:Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
13459:Traditional healers of Southern Africa
12740:
12678:
12311:
12292:
12230:
12188:
12116:
12008:
11961:
11803:"The ethics of complementary medicine"
11387:
11113:
11079:"Science Envy in Alternative Medicine"
10914:
10889:
10139:"Alternative Medicine Goes Mainstream"
10136:
9985:American Journal of Law & Medicine
9819:(7274). Nature Publishing Group: 711.
9809:"Centre turns away from healing herbs"
9806:
9776:
9720:
9695:
9369:
9177:
8732:
8730:
8728:
8726:
8724:
8538:
8477:
8234:
8139:Stanford University School of Medicine
8103:
7860:
7794:
7774:Ankerberg, John; Weldon, John (1996).
7737:
7101:"Ayurveda: Putting the house in order"
7054:
6828:
6351:
6218:
6061:
5941:
5507:
5217:Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
5199:
5073:
4672:
4543:
4187:
4181:
4085:Official Journal of the European Union
3375:, a noted astrophysicist, advocate of
1637:complementary and alternative medicine
1306:complementary and alternative medicine
1167:to test plausible therapies by way of
51:Alternatives to science-based medicine
18:Complementary and alternative medicine
14207:
13802:
13382:
13104:
12249:
12069:
11977:
11935:
11926:
11876:
11800:
11735:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
11682:
11641:
11488:
11423:
11171:
11005:
10762:
10589:
10460:
10062:Eisenberg, D.M.; et al. (1998).
9759:
9564:Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
9378:
9325:
9214:
9091:
8659:
8586:
8415:Goldrosen, M.H.; et al. (2004).
7969:
7807:
7764:
7304:
7140:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
6767:
6704:
6281:
6260:
5263:Li, B; Forbes, T.; Byrne, J. (2018).
4947:
4895:
4572:
4452:
4450:
4398:
4301:
3494:it is often described as an issue of
3108:
3010:
2705:
1788:List of forms of alternative medicine
1646:The Integrative Medicine Exam by the
1635:CAM is an abbreviation of the phrase
1548:Complementary or integrative medicine
1159:or evidence of effectiveness. Unlike
12887:Wisneski, L.A.; et al. (2005).
12651:
12273:
11983:
11901:
11642:Fonfa, Anne E. (September 1, 2017).
11544:"Traditional Medicines: Definitions"
11483:
11206:CA – A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
11073:
10915:Miller, Gabriel (2 September 2014),
10772:Ernst, Edzard; Smith, Kevin (2018).
10622:
10475:10.1001/jama.281.19.1852-JBK0519-2-1
9807:Wadman, Meredith (7 December 2009).
9351:Singh, Simon; Ernst, Edzard (2008).
8845:CA – A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
8376:Canadian Medical Association Journal
8368:
8332:"Doctor of medicine profession (MD)"
7738:Wallis, Claudia (November 4, 1991).
7310:
7226:
7011:Indian Journal of History of Science
6946:Tongue Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine
5689:Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy
4794:American Journal of Health Promotion
4637:
4419:Canadian Medical Association Journal
3548:Use of health and research resources
3424:, and their effectiveness either is
3138:
3041:
2833:
2390:
2337:of the 1960s, as part of the rising
2131:Herbal remedies and other substances
2124:Lacks credible scientific evidence.
1817:Alternative medicine, such as using
1813:, an alternative medicine supplement
13663:Medieval medicine of Western Europe
12798:Online Journal of Issues in Nursing
12432:
12409:
12352:Wieland, L.S.; et al. (2011).
12027:
11732:A Devil's Chaplain: Selected Essays
11564:
11008:Complementary Therapies in Medicine
10633:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
10625:"Alternative Medicine – Part Three"
10377:
10338:Menefee, L.A.; Monti, D.A. (2005).
9883:Coulter, I.D.; et al. (2004).
9646:Salzberg, Steven (March 26, 2018).
8980:The New England Journal of Medicine
8721:
7972:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
7947:The Sociology of Health and Illness
7887:
7721:"The Alternative Fix: Introduction"
7322:"A close look at therapeutic touch"
7127:
6648:
6455:The New England Journal of Medicine
5515:The New England Journal of Medicine
4995:
4709:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
3735:According to the medical historian
3326:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
2527:or difficult-to-interpret results.
2488:. According to a 2005 book by a US
2190:Religion, faith healing, and prayer
1809:", an early 19th-century satire on
1356:Terminology of alternative medicine
24:
15306:James Randi Educational Foundation
13529:Traditional Alaska Native medicine
12527:Snake Oil and Other Preoccupations
12463:
11298:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb00040.x
10698:Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
10667:Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases
10309:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05580.x
10211:National Health Statistics Reports
9903:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06099.x
7727:. PBS Frontline. November 3, 2003.
7646:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06099.x
7002:Deshpande, Vijaya (January 1987).
6857:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb23138.x
6167:Beresford, M. J. (15 April 2010).
5888:10.1016/B978-0-12-802104-0.00002-0
4447:
4377:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06099.x
4151:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb23138.x
3357:In March 2009, a staff writer for
3225:
3034:Regulation of alternative medicine
2564:How alternative therapies "work":
1440:and treatments that do not work).
1289:, or the intentional ingestion of
25:
15397:
14233:
13067:
12425:from the original on 2022-10-09.
12337:. London: The Stationery Office.
11597:. ABC of complementary medicine.
11595:"What is complementary medicine?"
11593:Zollman, C.; et al. (1999).
11501:Acharya, D.; et al. (2008).
10520:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
8796:American Journal of Public Health
8789:Bodeker, G.; et al. (2002).
8563:
8344:, NIH. 2011-02-03. Archived from
8307:"Center for Integrative Medicine"
7178:Saper, R.B.; et al. (2008).
6427:(Online ed.). Archived from
5230:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.010
4756:Astin, J.A.; et al. (1998).
4066:Gorski, David (August 15, 2011).
4036:"The Triumph of New-Age Medicine"
3103:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
3005:National Health Service (England)
2785:
2623:
2414:University of Maryland, Baltimore
2079:to influence health and disease.
1857:In conflict with the paradigm of
1650:includes the following subjects:
1611:with skeptics such as Gorski and
271:Chiropractic treatment techniques
14703:Strauss–Howe generational theory
14681:Moon landing conspiracy theories
14478:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
14194:List of plants used in herbalism
13783:
13782:
13472:
13337:Glossary of alternative medicine
12458:from the original on 2022-10-09.
12189:Mishra, Lakshmi Chandra (2004).
12028:Board of Science and Education,
11891:from the original on 2013-01-28.
11850:Butler, K.; et al. (1992).
11697:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2005.00335.x
11635:
11464:10.1097/00001888-200103000-00011
11429:Pseudoscience and the Paranormal
11067:
10904:from the original on 2010-12-24.
10685:
10654:
10507:
10481:
10383:
10225:from the original on 2022-10-09.
10019:
9976:
9925:
9841:
9796:from the original on 2022-10-09.
9753:
9689:
9639:
9551:
9439:10.1097/00001888-200103000-00009
9026:Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
8649:from the original on 2011-05-22.
8528:from the original on 2022-10-09.
8119:from the original on 2013-10-05.
8093:from the original on 2022-10-09.
7963:
7881:
7854:
7731:
7482:
7411:10.2165/00003495-199754060-00003
7390:
7123:from the original on 2022-10-09.
6991:from the original on 2022-10-09.
6824:from the original on 2013-10-15.
6725:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01699.x
6545:Sarris, J.; et al. (2010).
6486:Journal of Small Animal Practice
6469:from the original on 2013-09-28.
5529:from the original on 2013-09-28.
4605:10.1097/00001888-200103000-00009
4457:Goldrosen MH, Straus SE (2004).
4342:10.1097/00001888-200103000-00011
4307:Pseudoscience and the Paranormal
4048:from the original on 10 May 2015
3904:from the original on 2022-10-09.
3748:
3729:
3706:The Homœopathic Medical Doctrine
3045:
2672:
1861:. Many naturopaths have opposed
1417:(NCCIH), was established as the
1074:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
76:
15331:The Natural History of Quackery
15273:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
13742:History of alternative medicine
13627:Traditional Vietnamese medicine
13597:Sri Lankan traditional medicine
12208:O'Connor, Bonnie Blair (1995).
12011:Alternative Medicine? A History
12002:
11783:from the original on 2010-04-11
11554:from the original on 2013-09-27
11342:from the original on 2008-05-09
11114:Fisken, Roger A. (2014-05-19).
10955:Ernst, E.; et al. (2004).
10869:from the original on 2007-07-11
10809:New England Journal of Medicine
10271:from the original on 2013-04-03
10155:from the original on 2013-09-28
9742:from the original on 2009-11-16
9696:Gorski, David (April 4, 2016).
9678:from the original on 2009-06-25
9235:from the original on 2010-04-17
9221:Laurance, Jeremy (2008-04-22).
8342:US National Library of Medicine
8131:"Stanford's medical curriculum"
7891:A Guide to Alternative Medicine
7246:
7220:
6820:. Backgrounders. NCCIH. 2013 .
5768:from the original on 2022-07-29
5533:
5435:
5405:10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.12.001
5380:
5355:
5330:
5305:
5050:National Cancer Institute (NCI)
4719:from the original on 2005-12-08
4640:Alternative Medicine in Britain
4532:from the original on 2015-06-01
4073:
3864:New England Journal of Medicine
3480:English evolutionary biologist
3331:mentioned a 1997 letter to the
3202:
2880:In the United States, the 1974
2557:to the alternative treatment.
2312:History of alternative medicine
1524:, or inclusion in the standard
1452:has not been established using
1235:, with little distinction from
110:Alternative veterinary medicine
13617:Traditional Mongolian medicine
13494:Brazilian traditional medicine
12549:Downing AM, Hunter DG (2003).
12235:. Cambridge University Press.
8926:10.1002/14651858.CD003974.pub3
8664:. Imprint Academic, Societas.
8645:. 2011-05-19. pp. 83–84.
8311:University of Maryland website
8289:University of Maryland website
7746:. Vol. 138, no. 18.
7560:"Energy Medicine: An Overview"
7271:10.1179/2049396715Y.0000000009
6453:"Acupuncture pseudoscience in
5048:. Physician Data Query (PDQ).
4323:Sampson, Walter (March 2001).
4133:Sampson, Wallace (June 1995).
2917:for a school science project.
1878:Developed before knowledge of
1854:that guides bodily processes.
1714:to as "alternative medicine".
1697:
1520:, sympathetic coverage in the
1419:Office of Alternative Medicine
733:Water fluoridation controversy
689:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
27:Form of non-scientific healing
13:
1:
13789:Category:Traditional medicine
13275:Manual and body-based methods
12872:. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press.
12567:10.1016/S1356-689X(02)00077-2
11020:10.1016/S0965-2299(99)80011-9
10746:Stehlin, I. (December 1996).
10440:10.1634/theoncologist.1-3-173
10181:American Hospital Association
9102:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)62153-6
9038:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00203-5
7476:10.1016/S0957-5839(98)80061-4
6818:"Homeopathy: An Introduction"
6789:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67177-2
6634:10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00290-0
5558:10.1080/09505431.2017.1316253
4964:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90757-9
3779:
3337:National Institutes of Health
3243:Unconventional cancer "cures"
3027:
2805:There is also an increase in
2548:Perceived mechanism of effect
2540:alternative cancer treatments
2142:for non-vitamin supplements,
1275:the natural course of disease
1104:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1089:Multiple chemical sensitivity
216:Biological terrain assessment
15338:The Psychology of the Occult
14593:Traditional Chinese medicine
14468:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
14325:Superseded scientific theory
13622:Traditional Tibetan medicine
13607:Traditional Chinese medicine
13565:Iranian traditional medicine
13499:Chumash traditional medicine
13449:Traditional African medicine
13213:Traditional Chinese medicine
13093:Resources in other libraries
11648:Integrative Cancer Therapies
10296:Medical Journal of Australia
10183:. 2008-09-15. Archived from
9890:Medical Journal of Australia
9862:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.06.007
9850:Trends in Molecular Medicine
8488:Medical Journal of Australia
8075:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181c8f1e7
7633:Medical Journal of Australia
7227:Hall, Harriet (2017-12-14).
6758:Evidence Check 2: Homeopathy
6662:. 1 Nov 2008. Archived from
6549:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
6382:10.1080/01459740.2012.718016
6286:. HarperCollins Publishers.
6280:Also published in the UK as
6233:10.1016/0140-1750(79)90019-8
6007:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
5882:. Elsevier. pp. 15–30.
5657:10.1634/theoncologist.9-1-80
4777:10.1001/archinte.158.21.2303
4557:. 2015-04-07. Archived from
4364:Medical Journal of Australia
3563:National Institute of Health
3083:Food and Drug Administration
2996:, nutritional medicine, and
2869:Medical Journal of Australia
2742:
2702:towards standard treatment.
2367:American Medical Association
2268:cognitive behavioral therapy
1945:Traditional Chinese medicine
1922:traditional Chinese medicine
1903:traditional Chinese medicine
1664:Traditional Chinese Medicine
7:
14949:Electronic voice phenomenon
14806:Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
14666:Chemtrail conspiracy theory
13612:Traditional Korean medicine
13368:Anti-quackery organizations
12971:
12584:Annals of Internal Medicine
12476:. Oxford University Press.
12036:. Oxford University Press.
12030:British Medical Association
12013:. Oxford University Press.
11769:Holloway, R. (2003-02-14).
11654:(September 2007): 297–300.
9536:. WHO. 2003. Archived from
8993:10.1056/NEJM200105243442106
8135:Stanford University website
7696:. Oxford University Press.
6978:Journal of Biocommunication
6948:. Seattle: Eastland Press.
6944:Maciocia, Giovanni (1995).
5283:10.1016/j.surge.2017.12.002
4255:National Science Foundation
4246:National Science Foundation
3924:. Random House. p. 8.
3887:10.1056/NEJM199809173391210
3568:
3115:National Science Foundation
2648:should also be considered.
2482:randomized controlled trial
2432:
1797:Unscientific belief systems
1350:Definitions and terminology
765:Alternative medical systems
394:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
160:Fringe medicine and science
10:
15402:
15345:The Ragged Edge of Science
15076:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
15019:Pseudoscientific metrology
14543:Miracle Mineral Supplement
13454:Traditional Hausa medicine
13265:Biologically based therapy
12722:. Parsippany, New Jersey:
12493:Prevention & Treatment
12387:Wujastyk, D., ed. (2003).
12259:. New York: Random House.
12051:Callahan, D., ed. (2004).
11091:(4): 21–23. Archived from
9951:10.1186/s13643-021-01882-4
9724:(September–October 2003).
8206:10.1001/archinte.162.4.395
7690:Whorton, James C. (2002).
6062:Tabish, Syed Amin (2008).
5821:Frontiers in Public Health
4806:10.4278/0890-1171-12.2.112
3962:10.1177/136345930000400404
3714:similia similibus curentur
3142:
3031:
2727:post hoc, ergo propter hoc
2667:regression toward the mean
2454:Selective publication bias
2309:
2305:
2193:
2134:
1893:Traditional ethnic systems
1785:
1701:
1672:Indigenous Medical Systems
1421:(OAM) and was renamed the
1353:
775:Biologically based therapy
335:Dental amalgam controversy
15265:
15229:
15056:
14959:Facilitated communication
14889:
14819:
14623:
14358:
14345:
14250:
14241:
14190:
14139:
14103:
14052:
13834:
13829:Medicinal herbs and fungi
13780:
13687:
13671:
13640:
13602:Traditional Thai medicine
13537:
13481:
13470:
13424:Ancient Egyptian medicine
13416:
13355:
13319:
13288:
13255:
13231:
13138:
13088:Resources in your library
12938:World Health Organization
12772:Rosenfeld, A. (c. 2000).
12505:10.1037/1522-3736.6.1.61a
12193:. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
11807:Journal of Medical Ethics
11729:(2003). Menon, L. (ed.).
11361:"NCAHF Mission Statement"
11220:10.3322/canjclin.49.6.362
10962:Journal of Medical Ethics
10890:Hughes, D. (2010-12-23).
10853:Lilienfeld, S.O. (2002).
10490:"Medication Health Fraud"
10350:(5 Supplement): S15–S20.
10303:(6 Supplement): S46–S48.
10137:Warner, J. (2006-07-20).
9997:10.1017/S0098858800002847
9784:Annual Report on CAM 2011
9144:Beyerstein, B.L. (1999).
8867:10.3322/canjclin.54.2.110
8752:10.1007/s00432-012-1336-6
8422:Nature Reviews Immunology
8104:Bianco, C. (April 2000).
6227:(1). Elsevier BV: 39–42.
6019:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113477
5834:10.3389/fpubh.2022.883053
5749:World Health Organization
5701:10.1007/s11019-010-9297-5
5609:Elsevier Science (2002).
5169:10.1007/s00432-012-1336-6
4463:Nature Reviews Immunology
3754:As the medical professor
3721:
3254:Edzard Ernst has stated:
2733:In a 2018 interview with
2710:
2580:or false treatment effect
2234:The United States agency
1811:Morison's Vegetable Pills
1732:are often used alongside
1641:World Health Organization
399:Facilitated communication
47:
41:
34:
15359:The Skeptic's Dictionary
14917:Biological transmutation
14837:Faster-than-light travel
14811:Enneagram of Personality
14777:Recovered-memory therapy
14661:9/11 conspiracy theories
13658:Medicine in ancient Rome
11877:Ernst, E. (2011-11-08).
11661:10.1177/1534735407306598
11611:10.1136/bmj.319.7211.693
11199:Cassileth, B.R. (1999).
11172:Brown, D. (2009-03-17).
10412:Cassileth, B.R. (1996).
10395:www.cancerresearchuk.org
10081:10.1001/jama.280.18.1569
9297:10.1177/0009922809340438
9071:. Alternative Medicine.
8253:10.1136/bmj.322.7279.121
7826:10.1136/bmj.287.6388.307
7339:10.1001/jama.279.13.1005
7099:Valiathan, M.S. (2006).
6419:"complementary medicine"
6138:10.1001/jama.280.18.1618
5960:10.1038/nplants.2017.109
5751:(Report). Geneva. 2019.
4511:, p. 1, chpt. 14-E.
3605:
2277:refer to the science of
1957:), and dietary therapy.
1781:
1064:Candida hypersensitivity
246:Fake COVID-19 treatments
60:This article is part of
15324:The Demon-Haunted World
15242:Bourgeois pseudoscience
14676:COVID-19 misinformation
14615:Young blood transfusion
14386:Anthroposophic medicine
13363:Evidence-based medicine
11989:"Conflicts of interest"
10975:10.1136/jme.2003.007021
10623:Swan, N. (2000-10-02).
9597:Horrobin, D.F. (1986).
8809:10.2105/AJPH.92.10.1582
8172:Yale School of Medicine
8168:Yale University website
7939:10.1525/sp.2005.52.1.38
7931:10.1525/sp.2005.52.1.38
7602:Whorton, James (2003).
7518:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
6969:Camillia Matuk (2006).
6660:American Cancer Society
6656:"Naturopathic Medicine"
6588:10.1089/acm.2006.12.323
6576:J Altern Complement Med
6424:The Skeptics Dictionary
6282:Offit, Dr Paul (2013).
5317:National Health Service
4741:Chapter 1: Introduction
3451:, propaganda, or fraud.
3311:, former editor of the
2852:Commentators including
2372:British Medical Journal
2335:counterculture movement
1859:evidence-based medicine
1580:National Health Service
1496:, religion, tradition,
1438:evidence-based medicine
1400:unconventional medicine
1233:unconventional medicine
1186:, religion, tradition,
1174:, producing repeatable
1169:responsible and ethical
1149:biological plausibility
738:COVID-19 misinformation
666:Young blood transfusion
546:Orthomolecular medicine
511:Mind–body interventions
181:Anthroposophic medicine
121:Rise of modern medicine
15156:Corentin Louis Kervran
15024:Rapid prompting method
14912:Biodynamic agriculture
14902:Aquatic ape hypothesis
14760:Historical negationism
14463:Doctrine of signatures
14330:True-believer syndrome
14152:Doctrine of signatures
13648:Ancient Greek medicine
13555:Georgian folk medicine
13332:Complementary medicine
13280:Mind-body intervention
13241:Mind-body intervention
11993:Science-Based Medicine
11971:Science-Based Medicine
10289:Kellehear, A. (2003).
9702:Science-Based Medicine
9534:"Traditional medicine"
9326:Ernst, Edzard (2015).
8194:JAMA Internal Medicine
7861:Kruger, Helen (1974).
7810:"Alternative medicine"
7196:10.1001/jama.300.8.915
6480:Jeffery, Nick (2015).
6462:Science-Based Medicine
5638:; et al. (2004).
5522:Science-Based Medicine
4763:JAMA Internal Medicine
4586:Beyerstein BL (2001).
3918:Shapiro, Rose (2010).
3854:; et al. (1998).
3745:
3527:
3354:
3284:
3261:
3200:
3136:
3086:
2955:progressive relaxation
2782:
2767:
2660:Regression to the mean
2620:
2609:clinical statisticians
2545:
2445:
2418:Cochrane Collaboration
2319:complementary medicine
2186:
2094:vertebral subluxations
1917:
1906:
1814:
1609:science-based medicine
1592:Complementary medicine
1553:Complementary medicine
1377:complementary medicine
1368:
1298:Complementary medicine
770:Mind–body intervention
721:MMR vaccine and autism
711:Vaccine misinformation
606:Rapid prompting method
15161:The Light (newspaper)
15151:Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
15146:William Donald Kelley
15039:Voice stress analysis
14671:Climate change denial
14610:Wind turbine syndrome
14605:Vertebral subluxation
14498:Germ theory denialism
13193:Naturopathic medicine
12906:Zalewski, Z. (1999).
12741:Planer, F.E. (1988).
12470:Bausell, R.B (2007).
12441:. Geneva: WHO. 2005.
12278:. Sage Publications.
12094:Institute of Medicine
11914:, Volume 20, Number 3
11388:Steele, F.R. (1996).
11250:Derkatch, C. (2016).
10752:FDA Consumer Magazine
9674:. NCCIH. 2008-01-09.
8235:Berman, B.M. (2001).
8030:Available from CFAT:
7984:10.1353/bhm.1998.0110
5448:Nature Reviews Cancer
5393:Clinical Therapeutics
5093:10.1186/2045-4015-1-8
5052:, NIH. Archived from
4413:Kent Heather (1997).
4002:10.1186/2045-4015-1-7
3740:
3580:Conservation medicine
3536:conflicts of interest
3530:Conflicts of interest
3522:
3477:scientific research.
3422:scientific validation
3377:scientific skepticism
3345:
3268:
3256:
3195:
3123:
3080:
3032:Further information:
2939:chiropractic medicine
2915:a nine-year-old child
2780:
2762:
2563:
2536:
2490:Institute of Medicine
2450:scientific validation
2440:
2176:
2055:scientific skepticism
2024:Supernatural energies
2015:heavy metal poisoning
1912:
1900:
1827:conventional medicine
1804:
1680:Naturopathic Medicine
1466:scientific principles
1381:integrative medicine,
1363:
1099:Vertebral subluxation
1048:Alternative diagnoses
636:Thought Field Therapy
276:Vertebral subluxation
15381:Alternative medicine
15111:Ignatius L. Donnelly
14782:Past life regression
14641:Arabian Judah theory
14588:Traditional medicine
14381:Alternative medicine
14310:Pathological science
14147:Alternative medicine
13762:Prehistoric medicine
13700:Alternative medicine
13410:Traditional medicine
13327:Alternative medicine
13289:Public-health issues
13218:Traditional medicine
13132:Alternative medicine
13079:Alternative medicine
12726:Home Entertainment.
12312:Taylor, Kim (2005).
11965:(16 November 2009).
11819:10.1136/jme.22.4.197
11045:. Edinburgh: Mosby.
10821:10.1056/NEJMra052270
9760:Green, Saul (2001).
9256:(October 19, 2013).
8285:"Cochrane CAM Field"
7888:Law, Donald (1975).
7496:on February 12, 2010
7380:10.1038/news990513-8
6628:(Suppl 1): S89–S93.
6370:Medical Anthropology
6186:10.1093/qjmed/hcq057
5595:Skeptic's Dictionary
5591:Integrative medicine
4262:on February 18, 2007
3456:traditional medicine
3353:A: Regular Medicine.
3333:United States Senate
3276:— P.B. Fontanarosa,
3264:Rejection of science
2959:mega-vitamin therapy
2931:breathing meditation
2876:In the United States
2684:Asbjørn Hróbjartsson
2521:Helsinki Declaration
2422:physicians in the US
2323:integrative medicine
2230:NCCIH classification
1964:, considerations of
1755:therapeutic practice
1751:diagnostic technique
1704:Traditional medicine
1684:Osteopathic Medicine
1676:Homeopathic Medicine
1596:Alternative medicine
1557:integrative medicine
1444:Alternative medicine
1373:alternative medicine
1332:Traditional medicine
1318:integrative medicine
1258:-controlled trials,
1163:, which employs the
1145:Alternative medicine
1069:Chronic Lyme disease
798:Traditional medicine
780:Manipulative methods
581:Postural Integration
444:Bach flower remedies
320:Craniosacral therapy
148:Therapeutic nihilism
93:Alternative medicine
70:Alternative medicine
36:Alternative medicine
15247:Demarcation problem
15081:Brigitte Boisselier
14710:Hollow Earth theory
14693:Generational theory
14391:Applied kinesiology
14070:Echigoshirayukidake
13356:Contrary viewpoints
12529:. London: Vintage.
12331:Walton J. (2000) .
12293:Sointu, E. (2012).
12231:Ruggie, M. (2004).
12009:Bivins, R. (2007).
11479:Coulter et al. 2004
11409:10.1038/nm0996-1042
11179:The Washington Post
10855:"Our raison d'ĕtre"
10711:10.1155/2012/837939
10265:NHS Careers website
9615:1986Natur.324..221H
9382:Physician Executive
9285:Clinical Pediatrics
9156:(2). Archived from
8605:10.1093/ecam/nep044
8539:Alcock, J. (1999).
8502:10.5694/mja11.10751
8478:Sarris, J. (2012).
7894:. Turnstone Press.
7464:Current Paediatrics
7106:. Guest Editorial.
6904:(4). Archived from
5587:Robert Todd Carroll
5074:Borkan, J. (2012).
4958:(8932): 1279–1281.
4751:Wieland et al. 2011
3756:Kenneth M. Ludmerer
3484:, in his 2003 book
3449:errors in reasoning
3360:The Washington Post
3347:Neil deGrasse Tyson
3329:Barrie R. Cassileth
3324:Writing in 1999 in
3305:scientific evidence
2970:Alexander technique
2898:mind-body therapies
2807:conspiracy theories
2796:scientific literacy
2359:cultural relativism
2105:Innate Intelligence
2090:Spinal manipulation
1837:Proposed mechanism
1692:Functional Medicine
1621:Robert Todd Carroll
1510:errors in reasoning
1462:scientific evidence
1392:unorthodox medicine
1314:integrated medicine
1262:and calculation of
1221:unorthodox medicine
1204:errors in reasoning
716:Vaccines and autism
706:Anti-vaccinationism
699:OPV AIDS hypothesis
501:Megavitamin therapy
414:Functional medicine
191:Applied kinesiology
87:General information
15317:Skeptical Inquirer
15216:Paul Joseph Watson
15191:Hans Alfred Nieper
15029:Statement analysis
14979:Intelligent design
14854:Reactionless drive
14688:Conversion therapy
14636:Ancient astronauts
14523:Leaky gut syndrome
14503:HIV/AIDS denialism
14258:Cargo cult science
14126:Japanese herbology
14104:Regional practices
13653:Byzantine medicine
13347:Skeptical movement
13311:Water fluoridation
13060:2010-08-22 at the
13037:2018-09-14 at the
13024:2018-06-12 at the
13014:2018-06-12 at the
13006:2015-09-24 at the
12994:2018-06-12 at the
12984:2018-06-12 at the
12835:Skeptical Inquirer
11945:Skeptical Inquirer
11905:(September 2015),
11801:Ernst, E. (1996).
11292:(11–12): 580–581.
11084:Skeptical Inquirer
10399:Cancer Research UK
10039:on 11 October 2007
9938:Systematic Reviews
9731:Skeptical Inquirer
8587:Ernst, E. (2011).
8037:2013-11-05 at the
8032:The Flexner Report
8020:(Report). Boston:
7530:10.4065/76.12.1192
7233:Skeptical Inquirer
6897:Skeptical Inquirer
6705:Ernst, E. (2002).
6499:10.1111/jsap.12427
5546:Science as Culture
5461:10.1038/nrc3822-c1
5342:Cancer Research UK
4198:The New York Times
3737:James Harvey Young
3487:A Devil's Chaplain
3379:and the author of
3355:
3309:George D. Lundberg
3183:Alastair MacLennan
3109:Risks and problems
3087:
3057:. You can help by
3011:In palliative care
2994:Ayurvedic medicine
2951:diet-based therapy
2843:developing nations
2783:
2706:Use and regulation
2621:
2595:No adverse effects
2530:Cancer researcher
2506:prescription drugs
2465:regression fallacy
2446:
2406:pathophysiological
2297:Bioelectromagnetic
2187:
2148:Omega-3 fatty acid
2067:Bioelectromagnetic
1996:copper(II) sulfate
1970:Chinese numerology
1918:
1907:
1815:
1656:Biofield Therapies
1584:Cancer Research UK
1542:US health insurers
1538:US medical schools
1526:medical curriculum
1454:scientific methods
1369:
1084:Leaky gut syndrome
1059:Aerotoxic syndrome
996:Prophetic medicine
694:HIV/AIDS denialism
521:Myofascial release
429:Holistic dentistry
409:Feldenkrais Method
389:Estrogen dominance
315:Conversion therapy
15368:
15367:
15279:Cults of Unreason
15252:Scientific method
15181:Ministry of Ayush
15126:Nicholas Gonzalez
15052:
15051:
14989:Law of attraction
14969:Flat Earth theory
14849:Quantum mysticism
14789:Scientific racism
14745:Pseudoarchaeology
14651:Conspiracy theory
14349:characterized as
14293:Pseudomathematics
14283:Pseudoarchaeology
14201:
14200:
14121:Islamic herbology
14111:Chinese herbology
13979:Purple coneflower
13796:
13795:
13429:Tabernanthe iboga
13376:
13375:
13074:Library resources
12960:978-92-4-156286-7
12898:978-0-8493-2081-1
12879:978-1-58761-141-4
12756:978-0-87975-494-5
12733:978-1-933405-92-6
12695:978-0-14-022009-4
12663:978-0-520-04129-5
12536:978-0-09-942833-6
12483:978-0-19-531368-0
12448:978-92-4-159371-7
12402:978-0-14-044824-5
12344:978-0-10-483100-7
12323:978-0-415-34512-5
12304:978-0-230-30931-9
12285:978-1-4462-6536-9
12274:Saks, M. (2003).
12266:978-0-394-53512-8
12242:978-0-521-83429-2
12223:978-0-8122-1398-0
12200:978-0-8493-1366-0
12168:978-0-07-180215-4
12135:978-0-415-16419-1
12109:978-0-309-09270-8
12084:978-0-8018-5689-1
12071:Cohen, Michael H.
12062:978-1-58901-464-0
12043:978-0-19-286166-5
12020:978-0-19-921887-5
11987:(27 April 2011).
11863:978-0-87975-733-5
11742:978-0-7538-1750-6
11605:(7211): 693–696.
11512:978-81-7910-252-7
11451:Academic Medicine
11438:978-1-57392-979-0
11263:978-0-226-34584-0
11132:10.1136/bmj.g3218
11052:978-0-7234-3207-4
10785:978-3-319-69941-7
10629:The Health Report
10469:(19): 1852–1853.
10179:(Press release).
10074:(18): 1569–1575.
9519:978-1-136-68555-2
9426:Academic Medicine
9362:978-0-393-33778-5
9337:978-1-84540-777-3
9111:978-0-444-50049-6
9032:(12): 1311–1318.
8986:(21): 1594–1602.
8803:(10): 1582–1591.
8671:978-1-84540-118-4
8383:(10): 1427–1428.
8369:Kent, H. (1997).
8247:(7279): 121–132.
8062:Academic Medicine
7956:978-1-4292-0558-0
7901:978-0-85500-107-0
7874:978-0-672-51708-2
7867:. Bobbs-Merrill.
7820:(6388): 307–308.
7808:Smith, T (1983).
7787:978-1-56507-160-5
7703:978-0-19-534978-8
7524:(12): 1192–1198.
7332:(13): 1005–1010.
7082:978-0-470-43350-8
6955:978-0-939616-19-0
6930:978-0-521-21513-8
6783:(9487): 726–732,
6556:978-0-7295-7926-1
6342:, pp. 14–20.
6293:978-0-00-749173-5
6275:978-0-06-222296-1
6268:. HarperCollins.
6132:(18): 1618–1619.
5897:978-0-12-802104-0
5758:978-92-4-151543-6
5012:10.1136/bmj.d4372
4870:978-0-16-051476-0
4770:(21): 2303–2310.
4649:978-0-19-827278-6
4592:Academic Medicine
4425:(10): 1427–1428.
4329:Academic Medicine
4316:978-1-57392-979-0
4191:(June 17, 1996),
3931:978-1-4090-5916-5
3818:978-0-07-802848-9
3761:medical diagnosis
3590:Gallbladder flush
3559:R. Barker Bausell
3555:Snake Oil Science
3412:and webmaster of
3139:Negative outcomes
3075:
3074:
3003:According to the
2911:Therapeutic touch
2834:Prevalence of use
2688:Peter C. Gøtzsche
2532:Andrew J. Vickers
2391:Medical education
2351:the establishment
2227:
2226:
2128:
2127:
2021:
2020:
1966:Chinese astrology
1890:
1889:
1720:Holistic medicine
1569:drug interactions
1490:clinical practice
1478:molecular biology
1384:holistic medicine
1327:holistic medicine
1291:hydrogen peroxide
1283:cyanide poisoning
1264:prior probability
1260:blind experiments
1225:holistic medicine
1165:scientific method
1142:
1141:
869:Chinese herbology
626:Scientific racism
591:Psychodermatology
496:Medical intuitive
476:Lightning Process
434:Hologram bracelet
382:Therapeutic touch
283:Christian Science
256:Cancer treatments
55:
54:
16:(Redirected from
15393:
15221:Andrew Wakefield
14922:Creation science
14881:Water-fueled car
14843:Perpetual motion
14765:Holocaust denial
14735:Nibiru cataclysm
14730:Nazi archaeology
14533:Macrobiotic diet
14356:
14355:
14228:
14221:
14214:
14205:
14204:
14182:Medicinal plants
14140:Related subjects
14131:Korean herbology
14116:Indian herbology
14075:Lingzhi mushroom
13823:
13816:
13809:
13800:
13799:
13786:
13785:
13514:Mapuche medicine
13476:
13403:
13396:
13389:
13380:
13379:
13125:
13118:
13111:
13102:
13101:
12964:
12933:
12928:. Archived from
12902:
12883:
12871:
12860:
12845:Respiratory Care
12839:
12824:
12822:
12821:
12812:. Archived from
12788:
12786:
12785:
12768:
12748:
12737:
12721:
12707:
12675:
12654:Magical Medicine
12648:
12615:
12578:
12540:
12520:
12508:
12487:
12459:
12457:
12440:
12429:
12424:
12417:
12406:
12383:
12373:
12348:
12327:
12308:
12289:
12270:
12246:
12227:
12215:
12204:
12185:
12172:
12153:
12139:
12113:
12088:
12066:
12047:
12024:
11997:
11996:
11985:Hall, Harriet A.
11981:
11975:
11974:
11959:
11953:
11952:
11933:
11924:
11923:
11922:
11920:
11899:
11893:
11892:
11874:
11868:
11867:
11847:
11841:
11840:
11830:
11798:
11792:
11791:
11789:
11788:
11771:"A callous view"
11766:
11760:
11746:
11723:
11717:
11716:
11680:
11674:
11673:
11663:
11639:
11633:
11632:
11622:
11590:
11584:
11574:
11568:
11562:
11560:
11559:
11539:
11533:
11523:
11517:
11516:
11498:
11492:
11476:
11466:
11442:
11421:
11411:
11385:
11379:
11378:
11376:
11375:
11357:
11351:
11350:
11348:
11347:
11324:
11318:
11317:
11281:
11275:
11274:
11272:
11270:
11247:
11241:
11240:
11222:
11196:
11190:
11189:
11187:
11186:
11169:
11160:
11159:
11111:
11105:
11104:
11102:
11100:
11071:
11065:
11064:
11038:
11032:
11031:
11003:
10997:
10996:
10986:
10952:
10933:
10932:
10931:
10929:
10912:
10906:
10905:
10887:
10878:
10877:
10875:
10874:
10850:
10841:
10840:
10804:
10798:
10797:
10769:
10760:
10759:
10754:. Archived from
10743:
10734:
10733:
10723:
10713:
10689:
10683:
10682:
10658:
10652:
10651:
10649:
10648:
10639:. Archived from
10620:
10614:
10613:
10611:
10610:
10601:. Archived from
10587:
10581:
10580:
10578:
10576:
10537:
10531:
10530:
10528:
10526:
10511:
10505:
10504:
10502:
10500:
10485:
10479:
10478:
10458:
10452:
10451:
10433:
10409:
10403:
10402:
10387:
10381:
10375:
10364:
10363:
10358:. Archived from
10335:
10329:
10328:
10286:
10280:
10279:
10277:
10276:
10257:
10251:
10245:
10239:
10233:
10227:
10226:
10202:
10196:
10195:
10193:
10192:
10173:
10164:
10163:
10161:
10160:
10134:
10128:
10127:
10125:
10123:
10109:
10100:
10094:
10093:
10083:
10059:
10048:
10047:
10045:
10044:
10038:
10031:
10023:
10017:
10016:
9980:
9974:
9973:
9963:
9953:
9929:
9923:
9922:
9880:
9874:
9873:
9845:
9839:
9838:
9828:
9804:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9788:
9780:
9774:
9773:
9757:
9751:
9750:
9748:
9747:
9718:
9712:
9711:
9709:
9708:
9693:
9687:
9686:
9684:
9683:
9668:
9662:
9661:
9659:
9658:
9643:
9637:
9636:
9626:
9624:10.1038/324221a0
9594:
9588:
9587:
9555:
9549:
9548:
9546:
9545:
9530:
9524:
9523:
9503:
9497:
9496:
9482:
9473:
9460:
9459:
9441:
9418:Beyerstein, B.L.
9414:
9399:
9398:
9376:
9367:
9366:
9348:
9342:
9341:
9323:
9317:
9316:
9280:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9270:
9263:The New Republic
9250:
9244:
9243:
9241:
9240:
9218:
9212:
9211:
9192:10.1136/bmj.k309
9175:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9165:
9141:
9124:
9123:
9089:
9083:
9082:
9079:Associated Press
9065:
9050:
9049:
9021:
9006:
9005:
8995:
8971:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8958:
8952:
8946:. Archived from
8937:
8911:
8902:
8887:
8886:
8860:
8840:
8831:
8830:
8820:
8786:
8780:
8779:
8734:
8719:
8709:
8703:
8702:
8682:
8676:
8675:
8657:
8651:
8650:
8633:
8627:
8626:
8616:
8584:
8578:
8577:
8572:. Archived from
8561:
8555:
8554:
8536:
8530:
8529:
8527:
8504:
8484:
8475:
8469:
8463:
8457:
8456:
8438:
8412:
8403:
8402:
8392:
8366:
8357:
8356:
8354:
8353:
8328:
8319:
8318:
8303:
8297:
8296:
8281:
8275:
8274:
8264:
8232:
8226:
8225:
8186:
8180:
8179:
8174:. Archived from
8160:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8150:
8141:. Archived from
8127:
8121:
8120:
8101:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8077:
8059:
8047:
8041:
8029:
8026:Merrymount Press
8010:
8004:
8003:
7967:
7961:
7960:
7942:
7912:
7906:
7905:
7885:
7879:
7878:
7858:
7852:
7851:
7837:
7805:
7792:
7791:
7771:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7735:
7729:
7728:
7717:
7708:
7707:
7687:
7674:
7673:
7627:
7618:
7617:
7615:
7614:
7599:
7586:
7581:
7568:
7567:
7556:
7550:
7549:
7512:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7501:
7486:
7480:
7479:
7459:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7448:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7394:
7388:
7387:
7367:
7352:
7351:
7341:
7317:
7308:
7302:
7293:
7292:
7282:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7239:
7224:
7218:
7217:
7207:
7175:
7166:
7165:
7155:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7105:
7096:
7087:
7086:
7064:
7058:
7052:
7046:
7045:, p. xviii.
7040:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7025:. Archived from
7008:
6999:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6975:
6966:
6960:
6959:
6941:
6935:
6934:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6886:Beyerstein, BL;
6883:
6877:
6876:
6837:
6826:
6825:
6814:
6808:
6807:
6771:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6753:
6747:
6746:
6736:
6702:
6696:
6682:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6652:
6646:
6645:
6617:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6598:. Archived from
6567:
6561:
6560:
6542:
6536:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6501:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6445:
6434:
6432:
6411:
6402:
6401:
6365:
6359:
6349:
6343:
6337:
6331:
6309:
6298:
6297:
6279:
6258:
6245:
6244:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6188:
6164:
6158:
6157:
6119:
6106:
6105:
6091:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6038:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5925:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5854:
5836:
5812:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5786:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5767:
5746:
5738:
5729:
5728:
5684:
5678:
5677:
5659:
5632:
5623:
5622:
5606:
5597:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5505:
5490:
5489:
5463:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5268:
5260:
5251:
5250:
5232:
5208:
5197:
5196:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5132:. Archived from
5122:
5116:
5115:
5105:
5095:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5038:
5032:
5031:
4993:
4984:
4983:
4945:
4936:
4935:
4922:
4893:
4884:
4878:
4873:. Archived from
4852:
4846:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4789:
4779:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4697:
4670:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4635:
4626:
4625:
4607:
4583:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4497:
4496:
4478:
4454:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4410:
4401:
4396:
4354:
4344:
4320:
4299:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4258:. Archived from
4242:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4130:
4089:
4088:
4077:
4071:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4014:
4004:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3915:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3880:
3860:
3848:
3831:
3830:
3802:
3774:
3771:
3765:
3752:
3746:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3709:Samuel Hahnemann
3702:
3696:
3689:
3680:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3659:
3656:
3647:
3644:
3635:
3632:
3623:
3620:
3408:, co-founder of
3371:Writers such as
3237:opportunity cost
3233:Scott Lilienfeld
3214:appeal to nature
3070:
3067:
3049:
3042:
2812:health insurance
2722:cognitive biases
2497:Cochrane Library
2495:As of 2005, the
2349:and challenging
2339:new age movement
2200:
2199:
2046:Biofield therapy
2032:
2031:
2003:patent medicines
1931:
1930:
1832:
1831:
1722:
1721:
1652:Manual Therapies
1518:research funding
1486:natural sciences
1388:natural medicine
1134:
1127:
1120:
884:Gill plate trade
646:Vaginal steaming
293:Colloidal silver
261:Charcoal cleanse
80:
57:
56:
32:
31:
21:
15401:
15400:
15396:
15395:
15394:
15392:
15391:
15390:
15371:
15370:
15369:
15364:
15261:
15237:Bogdanov affair
15225:
15205:Claude Vorilhon
15091:Robert Charroux
15066:Sucharit Bhakdi
15058:
15048:
14885:
14815:
14755:Genocide denial
14720:Japhetic theory
14715:Indigo children
14631:2012 phenomenon
14619:
14563:Patent medicine
14483:Energy medicine
14456:Colon cleansing
14441:Crystal healing
14376:Adrenal fatigue
14350:
14348:
14341:
14246:
14237:
14232:
14202:
14197:
14186:
14135:
14099:
14060:Almond mushroom
14048:
13830:
13827:
13797:
13792:
13776:
13735:herbs and fungi
13730:Herbal medicine
13683:
13667:
13636:
13592:Siddha medicine
13533:
13524:Navajo medicine
13477:
13468:
13464:Yorùbá medicine
13412:
13407:
13377:
13372:
13351:
13315:
13296:Dental amalgams
13284:
13251:
13227:
13168:Energy medicine
13134:
13129:
13099:
13098:
13097:
13082:
13081:
13077:
13070:
13062:Wayback Machine
13039:Wayback Machine
13026:Wayback Machine
13016:Wayback Machine
13008:Wayback Machine
12996:Wayback Machine
12986:Wayback Machine
12974:
12961:
12940:
12899:
12880:
12819:
12817:
12783:
12781:
12757:
12734:
12696:
12664:
12537:
12484:
12466:
12464:Further reading
12455:
12449:
12438:
12422:
12415:
12403:
12345:
12324:
12305:
12286:
12267:
12243:
12224:
12201:
12178:Callahan (2004)
12169:
12136:
12110:
12085:
12063:
12044:
12021:
12005:
12000:
11982:
11978:
11960:
11956:
11934:
11927:
11918:
11916:
11900:
11896:
11875:
11871:
11864:
11848:
11844:
11799:
11795:
11786:
11784:
11767:
11763:
11751:in 2004 US ed.
11743:
11724:
11720:
11681:
11677:
11640:
11636:
11591:
11587:
11577:IOM Report 2005
11575:
11571:
11563:Extracted from
11557:
11555:
11542:Xiaorui Zhang.
11540:
11536:
11526:IOM Report 2005
11524:
11520:
11513:
11499:
11495:
11487:
11482:
11477:
11443:
11439:
11422:
11395:Nature Medicine
11386:
11382:
11373:
11371:
11359:
11358:
11354:
11345:
11343:
11325:
11321:
11282:
11278:
11268:
11266:
11264:
11248:
11244:
11197:
11193:
11184:
11182:
11170:
11163:
11112:
11108:
11098:
11096:
11072:
11068:
11053:
11039:
11035:
11004:
11000:
10953:
10936:
10927:
10925:
10913:
10909:
10888:
10881:
10872:
10870:
10851:
10844:
10805:
10801:
10786:
10770:
10763:
10744:
10737:
10690:
10686:
10659:
10655:
10646:
10644:
10621:
10617:
10608:
10606:
10593:(2011-09-23) .
10588:
10584:
10574:
10572:
10562:
10539:
10538:
10534:
10524:
10522:
10512:
10508:
10498:
10496:
10486:
10482:
10459:
10455:
10410:
10406:
10401:. July 4, 2019.
10389:
10388:
10384:
10376:
10367:
10336:
10332:
10287:
10283:
10274:
10272:
10259:
10258:
10254:
10246:
10242:
10234:
10230:
10203:
10199:
10190:
10188:
10174:
10167:
10158:
10156:
10135:
10131:
10121:
10119:
10107:
10101:
10097:
10060:
10051:
10042:
10040:
10036:
10029:
10025:
10024:
10020:
9981:
9977:
9930:
9926:
9897:(11): 587–589.
9881:
9877:
9846:
9842:
9826:10.1038/462711a
9805:
9801:
9793:
9786:
9782:
9781:
9777:
9758:
9754:
9745:
9743:
9722:Atwood, K.C. IV
9719:
9715:
9706:
9704:
9694:
9690:
9681:
9679:
9670:
9669:
9665:
9656:
9654:
9644:
9640:
9595:
9591:
9556:
9552:
9543:
9541:
9532:
9531:
9527:
9520:
9504:
9500:
9480:
9474:
9463:
9415:
9402:
9377:
9370:
9363:
9349:
9345:
9338:
9324:
9320:
9281:
9277:
9268:
9266:
9254:Jerome Groopman
9251:
9247:
9238:
9236:
9228:The Independent
9219:
9215:
9176:
9172:
9163:
9161:
9142:
9127:
9112:
9090:
9086:
9067:
9066:
9053:
9022:
9009:
8972:
8965:
8956:
8954:
8950:
8920:(1): CD003974.
8909:
8903:
8890:
8858:10.1.1.521.2180
8841:
8834:
8787:
8783:
8735:
8722:
8712:IOM Report 2005
8710:
8706:
8683:
8679:
8672:
8658:
8654:
8635:
8634:
8630:
8585:
8581:
8562:
8558:
8537:
8533:
8525:
8482:
8476:
8472:
8466:IOM Report 2005
8464:
8460:
8436:10.1038/nri1486
8429:(11): 912–921.
8419:. Perspective.
8413:
8406:
8367:
8360:
8351:
8349:
8330:
8329:
8322:
8305:
8304:
8300:
8283:
8282:
8278:
8233:
8229:
8187:
8183:
8162:
8161:
8157:
8148:
8146:
8129:
8128:
8124:
8102:
8098:
8090:
8057:
8048:
8044:
8039:Wayback Machine
8011:
8007:
7968:
7964:
7957:
7943:
7918:Social Problems
7913:
7909:
7902:
7886:
7882:
7875:
7859:
7855:
7806:
7795:
7788:
7772:
7765:
7756:
7754:
7736:
7732:
7719:
7718:
7711:
7704:
7688:
7677:
7640:(11): 587–589.
7628:
7621:
7612:
7610:
7600:
7589:
7582:
7571:
7558:
7557:
7553:
7513:
7509:
7499:
7497:
7488:
7487:
7483:
7460:
7456:
7446:
7444:
7439:
7438:
7434:
7395:
7391:
7368:
7355:
7318:
7311:
7303:
7296:
7251:
7247:
7237:
7235:
7225:
7221:
7176:
7169:
7146:(26): 582–584.
7132:
7128:
7120:
7109:Current Science
7103:
7097:
7090:
7083:
7065:
7061:
7053:
7049:
7041:
7037:
7029:
7006:
7000:
6996:
6988:
6973:
6967:
6963:
6956:
6942:
6938:
6931:
6917:
6913:
6888:Wallace Sampson
6884:
6880:
6838:
6829:
6816:
6815:
6811:
6772:
6768:
6760:
6754:
6750:
6703:
6699:
6683:
6679:
6669:
6667:
6666:on 3 April 2015
6654:
6653:
6649:
6618:
6614:
6605:
6603:
6568:
6564:
6557:
6543:
6539:
6527:
6523:
6492:(12): 687–688.
6478:
6474:
6446:
6437:
6412:
6405:
6366:
6362:
6350:
6346:
6340:IOM Report 2005
6338:
6334:
6322:in 2004 US ed.
6310:
6301:
6294:
6276:
6259:
6248:
6217:
6213:
6165:
6161:
6120:
6109:
6060:
6056:
5999:
5995:
5940:
5936:
5923:
5921:
5914:
5913:
5909:
5898:
5876:
5872:
5813:
5809:
5799:
5797:
5796:. July 16, 2021
5788:
5787:
5780:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5759:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5685:
5681:
5636:Cassileth, B.R.
5633:
5626:
5607:
5600:
5585:
5581:
5538:
5534:
5506:
5493:
5440:
5436:
5385:
5381:
5372:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5347:
5345:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5322:
5320:
5319:. March 1, 2022
5311:
5310:
5306:
5261:
5254:
5209:
5200:
5152:
5148:
5139:
5137:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5072:
5068:
5059:
5057:
5040:
5039:
5035:
4994:
4987:
4946:
4939:
4894:
4887:
4871:
4853:
4849:
4835:IOM Report 2005
4833:
4829:
4790:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4735:
4731:
4722:
4720:
4699:
4698:
4673:
4663:IOM Report 2005
4661:
4657:
4650:
4636:
4629:
4584:
4573:
4564:
4562:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4535:
4533:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4507:
4500:
4476:10.1038/nri1486
4469:(11): 912–921.
4455:
4448:
4411:
4404:
4371:(11): 587–589.
4317:
4300:
4287:
4281:IOM Report 2005
4279:
4275:
4265:
4263:
4243:
4212:
4203:
4201:
4186:
4182:
4131:
4092:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4065:
4061:
4051:
4049:
4032:
4028:
3981:
3977:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3916:
3909:
3901:
3878:10.1.1.694.9581
3871:(12): 839–841.
3858:
3849:
3834:
3819:
3803:
3786:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3753:
3749:
3734:
3730:
3703:
3699:
3690:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3662:
3657:
3650:
3645:
3638:
3633:
3626:
3621:
3612:
3608:
3600:Siddha medicine
3595:Psychic surgery
3571:
3550:
3532:
3525:accept for CAM.
3496:non-maleficence
3482:Richard Dawkins
3406:Stephen Barrett
3394:Wallace Sampson
3366:Steven Salzberg
3352:
3350:
3285:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3245:
3228:
3226:Treatment delay
3205:
3178:
3147:
3141:
3111:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3055:needs expansion
3040:
3030:
3017:palliative care
3013:
2923:
2906:energy medicine
2878:
2836:
2788:
2757:The Independent
2745:
2713:
2708:
2675:
2665:The concept of
2662:
2626:
2617:clinical trials
2613:pharmacologists
2605:epidemiologists
2598:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2568:Misinterpreted
2565:
2550:
2517:clinical trials
2435:
2401:medical schools
2393:
2314:
2308:
2232:
2198:
2192:
2168:Herbal medicine
2139:
2137:Herbal medicine
2133:
2092:aims to treat "
2026:
1901:Ready-to-drink
1895:
1799:
1790:
1784:
1746:
1719:
1718:
1706:
1700:
1613:David Colquhoun
1550:
1446:
1434:medical science
1396:fringe medicine
1358:
1352:
1229:fringe medicine
1216:pseudo-medicine
1172:clinical trials
1161:modern medicine
1138:
1109:
1108:
1054:Adrenal fatigue
1049:
1041:
1040:
815:Southern Africa
800:
790:
789:
760:
758:Classifications
750:
749:
726:in chiropractic
684:
676:
675:
596:Quantum healing
586:Psychic surgery
461:Ionized jewelry
424:Herbal medicine
372:Esoteric energy
362:Energy medicine
330:Cupping therapy
325:Crystal healing
298:Colon cleansing
236:Bowen technique
206:Auriculotherapy
161:
153:
152:
88:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15399:
15389:
15388:
15383:
15366:
15365:
15363:
15362:
15355:
15348:
15341:
15334:
15327:
15320:
15313:
15308:
15303:
15296:
15289:
15282:
15275:
15269:
15267:
15263:
15262:
15260:
15259:
15254:
15249:
15244:
15239:
15233:
15231:
15230:Related topics
15227:
15226:
15224:
15223:
15218:
15213:
15211:Randolph Stone
15208:
15198:
15193:
15188:
15186:Theodor Morell
15183:
15178:
15176:Joseph Mercola
15173:
15171:Jenny McCarthy
15168:
15163:
15158:
15153:
15148:
15143:
15138:
15136:Graham Hancock
15133:
15131:Goop (company)
15128:
15123:
15118:
15113:
15108:
15106:Vernon Coleman
15103:
15098:
15093:
15088:
15083:
15078:
15073:
15068:
15062:
15060:
15054:
15053:
15050:
15049:
15047:
15046:
15041:
15036:
15031:
15026:
15021:
15016:
15011:
15006:
15001:
14996:
14991:
14986:
14981:
14976:
14971:
14966:
14961:
14956:
14951:
14946:
14941:
14940:
14939:
14929:
14924:
14919:
14914:
14909:
14904:
14899:
14893:
14891:
14887:
14886:
14884:
14883:
14878:
14873:
14871:Teleportation
14868:
14867:
14866:
14861:
14851:
14846:
14840:
14834:
14829:
14823:
14821:
14817:
14816:
14814:
14813:
14808:
14803:
14802:
14801:
14799:Melanin theory
14796:
14786:
14785:
14784:
14774:
14769:
14768:
14767:
14762:
14757:
14747:
14742:
14740:Parapsychology
14737:
14732:
14727:
14722:
14717:
14712:
14707:
14706:
14705:
14700:
14690:
14685:
14684:
14683:
14678:
14673:
14668:
14663:
14658:
14648:
14643:
14638:
14633:
14627:
14625:
14624:Social science
14621:
14620:
14618:
14617:
14612:
14607:
14602:
14597:
14596:
14595:
14585:
14580:
14575:
14573:Primal therapy
14570:
14565:
14560:
14555:
14550:
14545:
14540:
14538:Magnet therapy
14535:
14530:
14525:
14520:
14515:
14510:
14505:
14500:
14495:
14490:
14485:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14459:
14458:
14451:Detoxification
14448:
14443:
14438:
14433:
14428:
14423:
14418:
14413:
14408:
14403:
14398:
14393:
14388:
14383:
14378:
14373:
14368:
14362:
14360:
14353:
14343:
14342:
14340:
14339:
14336:Voodoo Science
14332:
14327:
14322:
14317:
14312:
14307:
14302:
14297:
14296:
14295:
14290:
14285:
14280:
14278:Fringe science
14270:
14265:
14260:
14254:
14252:
14248:
14247:
14242:
14239:
14238:
14231:
14230:
14223:
14216:
14208:
14199:
14198:
14191:
14188:
14187:
14185:
14184:
14179:
14174:
14169:
14164:
14159:
14154:
14149:
14143:
14141:
14137:
14136:
14134:
14133:
14128:
14123:
14118:
14113:
14107:
14105:
14101:
14100:
14098:
14097:
14092:
14090:Morel mushroom
14087:
14082:
14077:
14072:
14067:
14065:Chaga mushroom
14062:
14056:
14054:
14050:
14049:
14047:
14046:
14041:
14036:
14031:
14026:
14021:
14016:
14011:
14006:
14001:
13996:
13991:
13986:
13981:
13976:
13971:
13966:
13961:
13956:
13951:
13946:
13941:
13936:
13931:
13926:
13921:
13916:
13911:
13906:
13901:
13896:
13891:
13886:
13881:
13880:
13879:
13869:
13864:
13859:
13854:
13849:
13844:
13838:
13836:
13832:
13831:
13826:
13825:
13818:
13811:
13803:
13794:
13793:
13781:
13778:
13777:
13775:
13774:
13769:
13764:
13759:
13754:
13749:
13744:
13739:
13738:
13737:
13727:
13722:
13717:
13712:
13707:
13702:
13697:
13691:
13689:
13685:
13684:
13682:
13681:
13675:
13673:
13669:
13668:
13666:
13665:
13660:
13655:
13650:
13644:
13642:
13638:
13637:
13635:
13634:
13632:Unani medicine
13629:
13624:
13619:
13614:
13609:
13604:
13599:
13594:
13589:
13584:
13579:
13574:
13573:
13572:
13562:
13557:
13552:
13547:
13541:
13539:
13535:
13534:
13532:
13531:
13526:
13521:
13516:
13511:
13506:
13501:
13496:
13491:
13489:Aztec medicine
13485:
13483:
13479:
13478:
13471:
13469:
13467:
13466:
13461:
13456:
13451:
13446:
13441:
13436:
13431:
13426:
13420:
13418:
13414:
13413:
13406:
13405:
13398:
13391:
13383:
13374:
13373:
13371:
13370:
13365:
13359:
13357:
13353:
13352:
13350:
13349:
13344:
13339:
13334:
13329:
13323:
13321:
13317:
13316:
13314:
13313:
13308:
13303:
13301:Growth hormone
13298:
13292:
13290:
13286:
13285:
13283:
13282:
13277:
13272:
13270:Energy therapy
13267:
13261:
13259:
13253:
13252:
13250:
13249:
13244:
13237:
13235:
13229:
13228:
13226:
13225:
13223:Unani medicine
13220:
13215:
13210:
13205:
13200:
13195:
13190:
13185:
13180:
13175:
13170:
13165:
13160:
13155:
13150:
13144:
13142:
13136:
13135:
13128:
13127:
13120:
13113:
13105:
13096:
13095:
13090:
13084:
13083:
13072:
13071:
13069:
13068:External links
13066:
13065:
13064:
13052:
13046:
13041:
13028:
13018:
12998:
12988:
12973:
12970:
12969:
12968:
12959:
12946:
12939:
12936:
12935:
12934:
12932:on 2004-02-06.
12903:
12897:
12884:
12878:
12861:
12840:
12825:
12789:
12769:
12755:
12738:
12732:
12708:
12694:
12676:
12662:
12649:
12631:(6): 575–582.
12616:
12579:
12561:(2): 117–119.
12555:Manual Therapy
12546:
12535:
12509:
12488:
12482:
12465:
12462:
12461:
12460:
12447:
12430:
12407:
12401:
12384:
12349:
12343:
12328:
12322:
12309:
12303:
12290:
12284:
12271:
12265:
12247:
12241:
12228:
12222:
12205:
12199:
12186:
12173:
12167:
12154:
12140:
12134:
12114:
12108:
12089:
12083:
12067:
12061:
12048:
12042:
12025:
12019:
12004:
12001:
11999:
11998:
11976:
11954:
11925:
11894:
11869:
11862:
11842:
11813:(4): 197–198.
11793:
11761:
11741:
11718:
11691:(4): 405–409.
11675:
11634:
11585:
11569:
11534:
11518:
11511:
11493:
11457:(3): 248–250.
11437:
11380:
11352:
11330:(2004-02-10).
11319:
11276:
11262:
11242:
11213:(6): 362–375.
11191:
11161:
11106:
11066:
11051:
11033:
11014:(4): 250–253.
10998:
10969:(2): 156–159.
10934:
10907:
10879:
10842:
10815:(7): 731–739.
10799:
10784:
10761:
10758:on 2007-10-12.
10735:
10684:
10673:(6): 492–495.
10653:
10637:Radio National
10615:
10582:
10560:
10552:10.17226/11182
10532:
10506:
10480:
10453:
10431:10.1.1.493.434
10424:(3): 173–179.
10418:The Oncologist
10404:
10382:
10365:
10362:on 2008-12-01.
10330:
10281:
10252:
10240:
10228:
10197:
10165:
10129:
10095:
10049:
10018:
9991:(2): 269–299.
9975:
9924:
9875:
9856:(9): 473–476.
9840:
9799:
9775:
9752:
9713:
9688:
9663:
9638:
9589:
9550:
9525:
9518:
9498:
9461:
9432:(3): 230–237.
9400:
9368:
9361:
9343:
9336:
9318:
9275:
9245:
9213:
9170:
9125:
9110:
9084:
9051:
9007:
8963:
8888:
8851:(2): 110–118.
8832:
8781:
8746:(3): 357–365.
8720:
8704:
8677:
8670:
8652:
8628:
8579:
8576:on 2013-10-16.
8556:
8531:
8495:(5): 310–311.
8470:
8458:
8404:
8358:
8320:
8317:on 2010-03-23.
8298:
8295:on 2013-09-28.
8276:
8227:
8200:(4): 395–397.
8181:
8178:on 2013-10-04.
8155:
8122:
8096:
8068:(2): 193–196.
8051:Ludmerer, K.M.
8042:
8005:
7978:(2): 279–298.
7962:
7955:
7907:
7900:
7880:
7873:
7853:
7793:
7786:
7763:
7730:
7709:
7702:
7675:
7619:
7587:
7569:
7566:on 2016-05-22.
7551:
7507:
7481:
7454:
7432:
7405:(6): 801–840.
7389:
7353:
7309:
7294:
7265:(4): 303–307.
7245:
7219:
7190:(8): 915–923.
7167:
7126:
7088:
7081:
7059:
7047:
7035:
7032:on 2015-05-05.
6994:
6961:
6954:
6936:
6929:
6911:
6908:on 2009-10-04.
6878:
6851:(1): 188–197.
6827:
6809:
6766:
6748:
6719:(6): 577–582.
6697:
6685:Hahnemann 1833
6677:
6647:
6612:
6582:(3): 323–328.
6562:
6555:
6537:
6521:
6472:
6451:(2010-08-04).
6435:
6431:on 2013-09-27.
6417:(2011-05-14).
6403:
6360:
6344:
6332:
6299:
6292:
6274:
6246:
6211:
6159:
6107:
6054:
5993:
5934:
5907:
5896:
5870:
5807:
5778:
5757:
5730:
5695:(2): 209–217.
5679:
5644:The Oncologist
5624:
5621:on 2002-03-02.
5598:
5579:
5552:(3): 380–407.
5532:
5511:(2010-08-03).
5491:
5434:
5399:(1): e54–e73.
5379:
5354:
5344:. 4 April 2022
5329:
5304:
5277:(5): 271–277.
5252:
5223:(6): 887–896.
5198:
5163:(3): 357–365.
5146:
5117:
5066:
5033:
4985:
4937:
4913:(5): 244–247.
4885:
4877:on 2013-02-15.
4869:
4847:
4827:
4800:(2): 112–122.
4729:
4671:
4655:
4648:
4627:
4598:(3): 230–237.
4571:
4542:
4528:. 2014-01-14.
4513:
4498:
4446:
4402:
4335:(3): 248–250.
4315:
4303:Hines, Terence
4285:
4273:
4248:(April 2002).
4210:
4180:
4145:(1): 188–197.
4090:
4072:
4059:
4026:
3975:
3956:(4): 479–494.
3940:
3930:
3907:
3832:
3817:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3766:
3747:
3728:
3697:
3681:
3672:
3660:
3648:
3636:
3624:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3570:
3567:
3549:
3546:
3531:
3528:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:folk knowledge
3452:
3433:
3297:Steven Novella
3267:
3265:
3262:
3244:
3241:
3227:
3224:
3204:
3201:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3140:
3137:
3119:Robert L. Park
3110:
3107:
3073:
3072:
3052:
3050:
3029:
3026:
3012:
3009:
2922:
2919:
2877:
2874:
2854:David Horrobin
2835:
2832:
2787:
2786:Social factors
2784:
2744:
2741:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2700:nocebo effects
2674:
2671:
2661:
2658:
2646:reporting bias
2634:placebo effect
2625:
2624:Placebo effect
2622:
2578:Placebo effect
2570:natural course
2555:mis-attributed
2549:
2546:
2434:
2431:
2397:Flexner Report
2392:
2389:
2343:mass marketing
2310:Main article:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2285:
2282:
2271:
2263:
2244:magnet therapy
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2191:
2188:
2135:Main article:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2097:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2070:
2063:
2062:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
1999:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1958:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1798:
1795:
1783:
1780:
1745:
1742:
1699:
1696:
1573:cancer therapy
1549:
1546:
1445:
1442:
1351:
1348:
1271:placebo effect
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
927:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
904:Pressure point
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
835:
834:
829:
819:
818:
817:
812:
801:
796:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
785:Energy therapy
782:
777:
772:
767:
761:
756:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
746:
745:
735:
730:
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723:
718:
713:
703:
702:
701:
691:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
671:Zero balancing
668:
663:
658:
656:Vision therapy
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
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571:Parapsychology
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
491:Manual therapy
488:
486:Magnet therapy
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
447:
446:
436:
431:
426:
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401:
396:
391:
386:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
359:
354:
349:
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340:Detoxification
337:
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168:
162:
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150:
145:
144:
143:
133:
128:
123:
118:
117:(health fraud)
112:
107:
106:
105:
100:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:
73:
72:
66:
65:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15398:
15387:
15386:Pseudoscience
15384:
15382:
15379:
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15376:
15361:
15360:
15356:
15354:
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15349:
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15325:
15321:
15319:
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15312:
15309:
15307:
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15302:
15301:
15300:Fortean Times
15297:
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15119:
15117:
15114:
15112:
15109:
15107:
15104:
15102:
15099:
15097:
15096:Deepak Chopra
15094:
15092:
15089:
15087:
15084:
15082:
15079:
15077:
15074:
15072:
15069:
15067:
15064:
15063:
15061:
15059:pseudoscience
15055:
15045:
15042:
15040:
15037:
15035:
15032:
15030:
15027:
15025:
15022:
15020:
15017:
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15007:
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14997:
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14990:
14987:
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14957:
14955:
14952:
14950:
14947:
14945:
14942:
14938:
14935:
14934:
14933:
14930:
14928:
14927:Cryptozoology
14925:
14923:
14920:
14918:
14915:
14913:
14910:
14908:
14905:
14903:
14900:
14898:
14895:
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14879:
14877:
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14869:
14865:
14862:
14860:
14857:
14856:
14855:
14852:
14850:
14847:
14844:
14841:
14838:
14835:
14833:
14830:
14828:
14827:Anti-gravity
14825:
14824:
14822:
14818:
14812:
14809:
14807:
14804:
14800:
14797:
14795:
14792:
14791:
14790:
14787:
14783:
14780:
14779:
14778:
14775:
14773:
14770:
14766:
14763:
14761:
14758:
14756:
14753:
14752:
14751:
14750:Pseudohistory
14748:
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14736:
14733:
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14728:
14726:
14723:
14721:
14718:
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14713:
14711:
14708:
14704:
14701:
14699:
14698:Generationism
14696:
14695:
14694:
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14689:
14686:
14682:
14679:
14677:
14674:
14672:
14669:
14667:
14664:
14662:
14659:
14657:
14656:5G conspiracy
14654:
14653:
14652:
14649:
14647:
14646:Catastrophism
14644:
14642:
14639:
14637:
14634:
14632:
14629:
14628:
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14616:
14613:
14611:
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14514:
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14509:
14506:
14504:
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14493:FasciaBlaster
14491:
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14452:
14449:
14447:
14444:
14442:
14439:
14437:
14434:
14432:
14431:Correactology
14429:
14427:
14426:Chromotherapy
14424:
14422:
14419:
14417:
14414:
14412:
14409:
14407:
14404:
14402:
14399:
14397:
14394:
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14389:
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14379:
14377:
14374:
14372:
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14364:
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14354:
14352:
14351:pseudoscience
14344:
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14318:
14316:
14313:
14311:
14308:
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14294:
14291:
14289:
14288:Pseudohistory
14286:
14284:
14281:
14279:
14276:
14275:
14274:
14273:Fringe theory
14271:
14269:
14266:
14264:
14261:
14259:
14256:
14255:
14253:
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14236:
14235:Pseudoscience
14229:
14224:
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14210:
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14025:
14022:
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14017:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14000:
13999:Summer savory
13997:
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13987:
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13975:
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13843:
13840:
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13805:
13804:
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13773:
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13763:
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13758:
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13753:
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13748:
13745:
13743:
13740:
13736:
13733:
13732:
13731:
13728:
13726:
13723:
13721:
13720:Ethnomedicine
13718:
13716:
13713:
13711:
13708:
13706:
13703:
13701:
13698:
13696:
13693:
13692:
13690:
13686:
13680:
13679:Bush medicine
13677:
13676:
13674:
13670:
13664:
13661:
13659:
13656:
13654:
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13649:
13646:
13645:
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13571:
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13561:
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13551:
13548:
13546:
13543:
13542:
13540:
13536:
13530:
13527:
13525:
13522:
13520:
13519:Maya medicine
13517:
13515:
13512:
13510:
13507:
13505:
13502:
13500:
13497:
13495:
13492:
13490:
13487:
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13404:
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13384:
13381:
13369:
13366:
13364:
13361:
13360:
13358:
13354:
13348:
13345:
13343:
13342:Pseudoscience
13340:
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13333:
13330:
13328:
13325:
13324:
13322:
13318:
13312:
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13176:
13174:
13173:Faith healing
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12914:
12909:
12904:
12900:
12894:
12891:. CRC Press.
12890:
12885:
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12870:
12869:
12862:
12858:
12854:
12850:
12846:
12841:
12837:
12836:
12831:
12826:
12816:on 2017-02-03
12815:
12811:
12807:
12803:
12799:
12795:
12790:
12780:on 2006-05-09
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12541:Reprinted in
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12393:Penguin Books
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12144:Hahnemann, S.
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11963:Gorski, David
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11937:Ernst, Edzard
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11903:Hall, Harriet
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11095:on 2019-09-17
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11075:Hall, Harriet
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10676:
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10668:
10664:
10657:
10643:on 2008-03-06
10642:
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10605:on 2012-03-15
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10349:
10345:
10341:
10334:
10326:
10322:
10318:
10314:
10310:
10306:
10302:
10298:
10297:
10292:
10285:
10270:
10266:
10262:
10256:
10249:
10248:Wujastyk 2003
10244:
10237:
10232:
10224:
10220:
10216:
10212:
10208:
10201:
10187:on 2012-09-02
10186:
10182:
10178:
10172:
10170:
10154:
10150:
10146:
10145:
10140:
10133:
10117:
10113:
10106:
10099:
10091:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10073:
10069:
10065:
10058:
10056:
10054:
10035:
10028:
10022:
10014:
10010:
10006:
10002:
9998:
9994:
9990:
9986:
9979:
9971:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9943:
9939:
9935:
9928:
9920:
9916:
9912:
9908:
9904:
9900:
9896:
9892:
9891:
9886:
9879:
9871:
9867:
9863:
9859:
9855:
9851:
9844:
9836:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9818:
9814:
9810:
9803:
9792:
9785:
9779:
9772:(4): 205–207.
9771:
9767:
9763:
9756:
9741:
9737:
9733:
9732:
9727:
9723:
9717:
9703:
9699:
9692:
9677:
9673:
9667:
9653:
9649:
9642:
9634:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9616:
9612:
9609:(6094): 221.
9608:
9604:
9600:
9593:
9585:
9581:
9577:
9573:
9570:(2): 96–109.
9569:
9565:
9561:
9554:
9540:on 2008-07-27
9539:
9535:
9529:
9521:
9515:
9511:
9510:
9502:
9494:
9490:
9487:(343): 1–19.
9486:
9479:
9472:
9470:
9468:
9466:
9457:
9453:
9449:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9431:
9427:
9423:
9419:
9413:
9411:
9409:
9407:
9405:
9396:
9392:
9388:
9384:
9383:
9375:
9373:
9364:
9358:
9354:
9347:
9339:
9333:
9329:
9322:
9314:
9310:
9306:
9302:
9298:
9294:
9290:
9286:
9279:
9265:
9264:
9259:
9255:
9249:
9234:
9230:
9229:
9224:
9217:
9209:
9205:
9201:
9197:
9193:
9189:
9185:
9181:
9174:
9160:on 2011-10-12
9159:
9155:
9151:
9147:
9140:
9138:
9136:
9134:
9132:
9130:
9121:
9117:
9113:
9107:
9103:
9099:
9095:
9088:
9081:. 2009-06-10.
9080:
9076:
9075:
9070:
9064:
9062:
9060:
9058:
9056:
9047:
9043:
9039:
9035:
9031:
9027:
9020:
9018:
9016:
9014:
9012:
9003:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8985:
8981:
8977:
8970:
8968:
8953:on 2019-04-02
8949:
8945:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8927:
8923:
8919:
8915:
8908:
8901:
8899:
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8810:
8806:
8802:
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8769:
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8727:
8725:
8717:
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8708:
8700:
8696:
8692:
8688:
8681:
8673:
8667:
8663:
8656:
8648:
8644:
8643:
8642:The Economist
8638:
8632:
8624:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8598:
8594:
8590:
8583:
8575:
8571:
8567:
8560:
8552:
8548:
8547:
8542:
8535:
8524:
8520:
8516:
8512:
8508:
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8498:
8494:
8490:
8489:
8481:
8474:
8467:
8462:
8454:
8450:
8446:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8423:
8418:
8411:
8409:
8400:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8382:
8378:
8377:
8372:
8365:
8363:
8348:on 2013-01-27
8347:
8343:
8339:
8338:
8333:
8327:
8325:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8302:
8294:
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8286:
8280:
8272:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8254:
8250:
8246:
8242:
8238:
8231:
8223:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8203:
8199:
8195:
8191:
8190:Snyderman, R.
8185:
8177:
8173:
8169:
8165:
8159:
8145:on 2013-05-09
8144:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8126:
8118:
8114:
8112:
8111:HowStuffWorks
8107:
8100:
8089:
8085:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8056:
8052:
8046:
8040:
8036:
8033:
8027:
8023:
8019:
8015:
8009:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7985:
7981:
7977:
7973:
7966:
7958:
7952:
7948:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7920:
7919:
7911:
7903:
7897:
7893:
7892:
7884:
7876:
7870:
7866:
7865:
7857:
7850:
7845:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7804:
7802:
7800:
7798:
7789:
7783:
7779:
7778:
7770:
7768:
7753:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7734:
7726:
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7716:
7714:
7705:
7699:
7695:
7694:
7686:
7684:
7682:
7680:
7671:
7667:
7663:
7659:
7655:
7651:
7647:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7634:
7626:
7624:
7609:
7608:PBS Frontline
7605:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7592:
7585:
7580:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7565:
7561:
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7539:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7523:
7519:
7511:
7495:
7491:
7485:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7465:
7458:
7442:
7436:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7393:
7386:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7360:
7358:
7349:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7331:
7327:
7323:
7316:
7314:
7306:
7301:
7299:
7290:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7249:
7234:
7230:
7223:
7215:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7185:
7181:
7174:
7172:
7163:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7130:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7110:
7102:
7095:
7093:
7084:
7078:
7074:
7070:
7063:
7056:
7051:
7044:
7043:Wujastyk 2003
7039:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7012:
7005:
6998:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6972:
6965:
6957:
6951:
6947:
6940:
6932:
6926:
6922:
6915:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6898:
6893:
6889:
6882:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6836:
6834:
6832:
6823:
6819:
6813:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6778:
6770:
6759:
6752:
6744:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6713:
6708:
6701:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6681:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6651:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6623:
6616:
6602:on 2018-02-22
6601:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6566:
6558:
6552:
6548:
6541:
6534:
6530:
6529:O'Connor 1995
6525:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6484:. Editorial.
6483:
6476:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6456:
6450:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6430:
6426:
6425:
6420:
6416:
6415:Carroll, R.T.
6410:
6408:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6353:
6348:
6341:
6336:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6295:
6289:
6285:
6277:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6251:
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6234:
6230:
6226:
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6215:
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6112:
6104:
6099:
6095:
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6077:
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6024:
6020:
6016:
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6008:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5948:Nature Plants
5945:
5938:
5931:
5919:
5918:
5911:
5904:
5899:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5880:Pharmacognosy
5874:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5818:
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5795:
5791:
5785:
5783:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5750:
5743:
5737:
5735:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5683:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5620:
5616:
5614:
5605:
5603:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5583:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5536:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5516:
5510:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5438:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5383:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5259:
5257:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5150:
5136:on 2005-12-08
5135:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5113:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5070:
5056:on 2012-12-15
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5037:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4992:
4990:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4952:
4944:
4942:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4890:
4882:
4876:
4872:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4831:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4787:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4752:
4747:
4746:Kopelman 2004
4742:
4738:
4733:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4651:
4645:
4641:
4634:
4632:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4561:on 2015-06-01
4560:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4510:
4505:
4503:
4494:
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4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
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4451:
4442:
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4428:
4424:
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4416:
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4400:
4394:
4390:
4386:
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4374:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4318:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4283:, p. 19.
4282:
4277:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4087:. 2004-04-30.
4086:
4082:
4076:
4069:
4063:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
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3963:
3959:
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3922:
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3900:
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3870:
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3841:
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3619:
3617:
3615:
3610:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3585:Ethnomedicine
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3545:
3542:
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3521:
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3515:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3497:
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3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3445:pseudoscience
3442:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3362:
3361:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3301:Marcia Angell
3298:
3293:
3291:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3260:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3170:
3169:Indirect harm
3166:
3163:
3162:Economic harm
3159:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3069:
3060:
3056:
3053:This section
3051:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2964:
2963:visualization
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:child neglect
2883:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2680:observer bias
2673:Other factors
2670:
2668:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2638:nocebo effect
2635:
2631:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
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2526:
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2518:
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2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:meta-analysis
2483:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2468:
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2455:
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2283:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:light therapy
2249:
2248:colorpuncture
2245:
2241:
2237:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:faith healing
2212:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:
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2180:
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2169:
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2064:
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2053:Advocates of
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:
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1989:
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1981:
1979:
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1971:
1967:
1963:
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1938:
1935:
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1932:
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1911:
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1803:
1794:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1770:. Journalist
1769:
1764:
1763:complementary
1759:
1756:
1752:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1734:complementary
1731:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1712:
1705:
1695:
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1606:
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1589:
1586:, and the US
1585:
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1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:medical press
1519:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:pseudoscience
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:effectiveness
1441:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1365:Marcia Angell
1362:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1279:HIV infection
1276:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:superstitious
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1200:pseudoscience
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:repeatability
1154:
1150:
1146:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
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1062:
1060:
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1052:
1051:
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1032:
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1024:
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1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
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1004:
1002:
999:
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994:
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989:
987:
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979:
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972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
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944:
942:
941:Faith healing
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
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895:
892:
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887:
885:
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880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
849:Bush medicine
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:Balneotherapy
837:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
820:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
806:
803:
802:
799:
794:
793:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
759:
754:
753:
744:
741:
740:
739:
736:
734:
731:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
707:
704:
700:
697:
696:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
683:Controversies
680:
679:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:Vegetotherapy
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
566:Ozone therapy
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
481:Lymphotherapy
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
445:
442:
441:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
419:Hair analysis
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
404:FasciaBlaster
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
367:Correactology
365:
364:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
346:
343:
342:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
310:Colorpuncture
308:
304:
301:
300:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
288:Chromotherapy
286:
284:
281:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
176:Alkaline diet
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
157:
156:
149:
146:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
126:Pseudoscience
124:
122:
119:
116:
113:
111:
108:
104:
101:
99:
96:
95:
94:
91:
90:
84:
83:
79:
75:
74:
71:
68:
67:
63:
59:
58:
50:
46:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
15357:
15350:
15343:
15336:
15329:
15322:
15315:
15298:
15291:
15284:
15277:
15166:Mike Lindell
15086:Rhonda Byrne
15057:Promoters of
15044:Water memory
14984:Laundry ball
14876:Tractor beam
14832:Cold fusion
14528:Lunar effect
14473:Ear candling
14421:Chiropractic
14411:Bloodletting
14401:Bates method
14380:
14371:Aromatherapy
14334:
14300:Junk science
14192:
14146:
14034:White willow
14004:Tea tree oil
13954:Marsh-mallow
13862:Asthma-plant
13787:
13752:Mithridatism
13699:
13550:Dhivehi beys
13331:
13326:
13183:Hydrotherapy
13163:Chiropractic
13153:Aromatherapy
13131:
13078:
12950:
12930:the original
12917:
12911:
12888:
12867:
12848:
12844:
12833:
12818:. Retrieved
12814:the original
12801:
12797:
12782:. Retrieved
12778:the original
12745:Superstition
12744:
12717:
12684:
12653:
12628:
12625:AANA Journal
12624:
12620:
12590:(1): 61–69.
12587:
12583:
12558:
12554:
12543:Dawkins 2003
12526:
12525:, J. (ed.).
12496:
12492:
12472:
12434:
12426:
12411:
12388:
12364:(2): 50–59.
12361:
12357:
12333:
12313:
12294:
12275:
12255:
12232:
12211:
12190:
12158:
12148:
12125:
12122:Porter, R.S.
12098:
12074:
12052:
12033:
12010:
12003:Bibliography
11992:
11979:
11970:
11957:
11948:
11944:
11919:November 22,
11917:, retrieved
11910:
11897:
11884:The Guardian
11882:
11872:
11852:
11845:
11810:
11806:
11796:
11785:. Retrieved
11776:The Guardian
11774:
11764:
11731:
11721:
11688:
11684:
11678:
11651:
11647:
11637:
11602:
11598:
11588:
11572:
11556:. Retrieved
11547:
11537:
11521:
11502:
11496:
11454:
11450:
11428:
11399:
11393:
11383:
11372:. Retrieved
11370:. 2009-11-30
11364:
11355:
11344:. Retrieved
11322:
11289:
11286:Med. J. Aust
11285:
11279:
11267:. Retrieved
11252:
11245:
11210:
11204:
11194:
11183:. Retrieved
11177:
11123:
11119:
11109:
11099:17 September
11097:. Retrieved
11093:the original
11088:
11082:
11069:
11042:
11036:
11011:
11007:
11001:
10966:
10960:
10926:, retrieved
10920:
10910:
10895:
10871:. Retrieved
10862:
10858:
10812:
10808:
10802:
10774:
10756:the original
10751:
10701:
10697:
10687:
10670:
10666:
10656:
10645:. Retrieved
10641:the original
10628:
10618:
10607:. Retrieved
10603:the original
10599:BenHills.com
10598:
10585:
10573:. Retrieved
10542:
10535:
10523:. Retrieved
10519:
10509:
10497:. Retrieved
10493:
10483:
10466:
10462:
10456:
10421:
10417:
10407:
10394:
10385:
10360:the original
10347:
10343:
10333:
10300:
10294:
10284:
10273:. Retrieved
10264:
10255:
10243:
10231:
10213:(12): 1–23.
10210:
10200:
10189:. Retrieved
10185:the original
10157:. Retrieved
10142:
10132:
10120:. Retrieved
10115:
10111:
10098:
10071:
10067:
10041:. Retrieved
10034:the original
10021:
9988:
9984:
9978:
9941:
9937:
9927:
9894:
9888:
9878:
9853:
9849:
9843:
9816:
9812:
9802:
9778:
9769:
9765:
9755:
9744:. Retrieved
9735:
9729:
9716:
9705:. Retrieved
9701:
9691:
9680:. Retrieved
9666:
9655:. Retrieved
9651:
9641:
9606:
9602:
9592:
9567:
9563:
9553:
9542:. Retrieved
9538:the original
9528:
9508:
9501:
9484:
9429:
9425:
9386:
9380:
9352:
9346:
9327:
9321:
9288:
9284:
9278:
9267:. Retrieved
9261:
9248:
9237:. Retrieved
9226:
9216:
9183:
9179:
9173:
9162:. Retrieved
9158:the original
9153:
9149:
9093:
9087:
9072:
9029:
9025:
8983:
8979:
8955:. Retrieved
8948:the original
8917:
8913:
8848:
8844:
8800:
8794:
8784:
8743:
8739:
8707:
8693:(4): 22–30.
8690:
8686:
8680:
8661:
8655:
8640:
8631:
8596:
8592:
8582:
8574:the original
8559:
8550:
8544:
8534:
8492:
8486:
8473:
8461:
8426:
8420:
8380:
8374:
8350:. Retrieved
8346:the original
8335:
8315:the original
8310:
8301:
8293:the original
8288:
8279:
8244:
8240:
8230:
8197:
8193:
8184:
8176:the original
8167:
8158:
8147:. Retrieved
8143:the original
8134:
8125:
8109:
8099:
8065:
8061:
8045:
8022:D. B. Updike
8008:
7975:
7971:
7965:
7946:
7925:(1): 38–61.
7922:
7916:
7910:
7890:
7883:
7863:
7856:
7847:
7817:
7813:
7776:
7755:. Retrieved
7743:
7733:
7724:
7692:
7637:
7631:
7611:. Retrieved
7607:
7564:the original
7554:
7521:
7517:
7510:
7498:. Retrieved
7494:the original
7484:
7470:(1): 62–67.
7467:
7463:
7457:
7445:. Retrieved
7435:
7402:
7398:
7392:
7383:
7371:
7329:
7325:
7262:
7258:
7248:
7236:. Retrieved
7232:
7222:
7187:
7183:
7143:
7139:
7129:
7113:
7107:
7068:
7062:
7057:, p. 8.
7050:
7038:
7027:the original
7017:(1): 15–28.
7014:
7010:
6997:
6981:
6977:
6964:
6945:
6939:
6920:
6914:
6906:the original
6901:
6895:
6881:
6848:
6844:
6812:
6780:
6776:
6769:
6751:
6716:
6710:
6700:
6680:
6668:. Retrieved
6664:the original
6650:
6625:
6621:
6615:
6604:. Retrieved
6600:the original
6579:
6575:
6565:
6546:
6540:
6524:
6489:
6485:
6475:
6460:
6454:
6429:the original
6423:
6373:
6369:
6363:
6347:
6335:
6316:Dawkins 2003
6283:
6265:
6224:
6220:
6214:
6206:
6176:
6172:
6162:
6129:
6123:
6101:
6071:
6067:
6057:
6048:
6010:
6006:
5996:
5987:
5954:(8): 17109.
5951:
5947:
5937:
5929:
5922:. Retrieved
5916:
5910:
5901:
5879:
5873:
5864:
5824:
5820:
5810:
5798:. Retrieved
5770:. Retrieved
5748:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5650:(1): 80–89.
5647:
5643:
5619:the original
5612:
5582:
5549:
5545:
5535:
5520:
5514:
5451:
5447:
5437:
5396:
5392:
5382:
5371:. Retrieved
5369:. 2022-06-09
5366:
5357:
5346:. Retrieved
5332:
5321:. Retrieved
5307:
5274:
5270:
5220:
5216:
5160:
5156:
5149:
5138:. Retrieved
5134:the original
5120:
5083:
5079:
5069:
5058:. Retrieved
5054:the original
5045:
5036:
5003:
4997:
4955:
4949:
4932:
4910:
4904:
4875:the original
4850:
4830:
4797:
4793:
4767:
4761:
4732:
4721:. Retrieved
4715:. May 2002.
4658:
4639:
4595:
4591:
4563:. Retrieved
4559:the original
4545:
4534:. Retrieved
4525:
4516:
4466:
4462:
4422:
4418:
4368:
4362:
4332:
4328:
4306:
4276:
4264:. Retrieved
4260:the original
4253:
4204:December 22,
4202:, retrieved
4196:
4189:Kolata, Gina
4183:
4142:
4138:
4084:
4075:
4062:
4050:. Retrieved
4041:The Atlantic
4039:
4029:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3935:
3920:
3868:
3862:
3807:
3769:
3750:
3741:
3731:
3722:ὅμοιος πάθος
3719:
3712:
3705:
3704:In his book
3700:
3693:Final Report
3692:
3675:
3554:
3551:
3541:Harriet Hall
3533:
3523:
3518:Harriet Hall
3516:
3512:
3500:
3492:
3485:
3479:
3475:
3441:supernatural
3439:, belief in
3437:superstition
3428:or has been
3400:founders of
3391:
3387:
3380:
3370:
3358:
3356:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3294:
3286:
3277:
3269:
3257:
3253:
3246:
3229:
3220:
3212:
3209:side-effects
3206:
3203:Side-effects
3196:
3190:
3188:
3179:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3148:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3112:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3063:
3059:adding to it
3054:
3014:
3002:
2978:hypnotherapy
2974:aromatherapy
2967:
2924:
2903:
2894:
2879:
2867:
2864:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2837:
2827:anaphylactic
2819:side effects
2816:
2804:
2791:
2789:
2768:
2763:
2755:
2753:
2749:"big pharma"
2746:
2734:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2714:
2696:side effects
2676:
2663:
2656:medication.
2653:David Gorski
2650:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2630:sham surgery
2627:
2601:Interference
2600:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2551:
2543:"disproven".
2537:
2534:has stated:
2529:
2514:
2502:
2494:
2479:
2471:Edzard Ernst
2469:
2459:
2458:
2447:
2442:Edzard Ernst
2411:
2394:
2385:managed care
2381:
2376:
2370:
2363:side effects
2332:
2315:
2274:
2255:
2239:
2233:
2179:chiropractor
2160:flaxseed oil
2140:
2101:vital energy
2085:Chiropractic
2027:
1926:
1919:
1852:vital energy
1825:in place of
1816:
1806:
1791:
1772:John Diamond
1762:
1760:
1747:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1707:
1688:Chiropractic
1645:
1636:
1634:
1626:Rose Shapiro
1605:David Gorski
1603:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1577:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1533:
1514:
1502:supernatural
1500:, belief in
1498:superstition
1484:, and other
1447:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1268:
1252:risk–benefit
1244:supernatural
1241:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1207:
1192:supernatural
1190:, belief in
1188:superstition
1180:testimonials
1144:
1143:
1021:Thai massage
991:Naftalan oil
864:Blood stasis
743:Turbo cancer
631:ThetaHealing
556:Osteomyology
456:Hypnotherapy
451:Hydrotherapy
357:Ear candling
352:Dry needling
303:Coffee enema
266:Chiropractic
231:Bone-setting
211:Bates method
196:Aromatherapy
92:
69:
35:
29:
15071:Del Bigtree
14558:Panchagavya
14548:Naturopathy
14416:Body memory
14366:Acupuncture
14251:Terminology
14157:Herb garden
13964:Opium poppy
13877:medical use
13757:Naturopathy
13725:Health care
12920:(1): 8–13.
12712:Mayo Clinic
12688:. Penguin.
12513:Dawkins, R.
12180:, pp.
11727:Dawkins, R.
11579:, pp.
11548:WHO Website
11402:(9): 1042.
11328:Barrett, S.
10928:7 September
10118:. CDC: 1–20
9389:(6): 6–14.
9291:(1): 7–11.
9074:NBCNews.com
8714:, pp.
8570:HealthWatch
8337:MedlinePlus
8014:Flexner, A.
7725:www.pbs.org
7055:Mishra 2004
6841:Sampson, W.
6687:, pp.
6449:Novella, S.
6433:2013-09-27.
6352:Sointu 2012
6312:Diamond, J.
6074:(1): V–IX.
5271:The Surgeon
5046:NCI website
4883:2011-08-25.
4837:, pp.
3743:practices."
3249:biomedicine
3155:Direct harm
3131:alternative
2986:reflexology
2823:antibiotics
2475:reflexology
2185:" the spine
2152:glucosamine
1994:, lead and
1951:acupuncture
1914:Acupuncture
1863:vaccination
1846:Naturopathy
1819:naturopathy
1738:integrative
1698:Other terms
1660:Acupuncture
1639:. The 2019
1617:quackademia
1565:acupuncture
1458:biomedicine
1153:testability
981:Mien Shiang
899:Moxibustion
611:Reflexology
536:Oil pulling
531:Naturopathy
471:Jilly Juice
251:Camel urine
221:Black salve
171:Acupuncture
166:Acupressure
131:Antiscience
103:Terminology
15375:Categories
15311:Quackwatch
15141:David Icke
15121:Max Gerson
15116:Gaia, Inc.
15004:Numerology
14999:Lysenkoism
14994:Levitation
14974:Graphology
14859:Dean drive
14794:Aryan race
14725:Mediumship
14600:Trepanning
14568:Phrenology
14508:Homeopathy
14406:Biorhythms
14305:Paranormal
14177:Homeopathy
14167:Herbal tea
14019:Umckaloabo
13994:Star anise
13974:Peppermint
13939:Lemon balm
13934:Goldenseal
13867:Astragalus
13705:Apothecary
13257:Treatments
13203:Osteopathy
13198:Orthopathy
13188:Homeopathy
12820:2017-01-18
12784:2010-09-23
12680:Illich, I.
12518:"Foreword"
12118:Gevitz, N.
11887:. London.
11787:2010-04-23
11779:. London.
11757:0618335404
11558:2012-11-11
11528:, p.
11489:Sagan 1996
11374:2013-03-11
11346:2008-03-03
11336:Quackwatch
11185:2010-04-23
10873:2008-01-28
10794:1019807158
10647:2008-03-06
10609:2008-03-06
10275:2013-03-11
10191:2013-03-14
10159:2013-03-11
10043:2009-02-27
9789:(Report).
9746:2009-11-18
9707:2019-02-14
9682:2008-04-02
9657:2019-02-14
9544:2008-03-06
9269:2015-02-03
9239:2010-04-23
9231:. London.
9164:2008-07-07
8957:2019-03-25
8599:: 676490.
8564:Ernst, E.
8352:2012-12-20
8149:2013-01-26
7757:2022-03-25
7613:2022-03-25
7305:Sagan 1996
7238:1 February
7116:(1): 5–6.
6777:The Lancet
6606:2017-05-13
6531:, p.
6376:(1): 1–7.
6354:, p.
6328:0618335404
6314:quoted in
6013:: 113477.
5827:: 883053.
5772:2022-12-06
5509:Gorski, D.
5454:(3): 165.
5373:2023-05-06
5348:2023-05-06
5323:2023-05-06
5140:2006-07-11
5060:2012-12-11
4951:The Lancet
4879:Chapter 2
4723:2022-12-01
4665:, p.
4565:2015-06-04
4536:2015-06-04
4399:Sagan 1996
3852:Angell, M.
3780:References
3443:energies,
3414:Quackwatch
3398:Paul Kurtz
3373:Carl Sagan
3290:noisy data
3191:ABC Online
3143:See also:
3028:Regulation
2982:meditation
2935:meditation
2525:confounded
2213:Christian
2194:See also:
2059:Carl Sagan
1871:Homeopathy
1823:homeopathy
1786:See also:
1776:Paul Offit
1711:indigenous
1702:See also:
1630:rebranding
1504:energies,
1482:biophysics
1474:physiology
1371:The terms
1354:See also:
1344:Big Pharma
1079:Heavy legs
1036:Vietnamese
1016:Sri Lankan
576:Phrenology
561:Osteopathy
551:Orthopathy
439:Homeopathy
345:Foot detox
241:Breathwork
186:Apitherapy
141:Scientific
136:Skepticism
15266:Resources
15196:Mehmet Oz
15014:Polygraph
14964:Feng shui
14932:Dianetics
14907:Astrology
14772:Pseudolaw
14578:Radionics
14553:Palmistry
14518:Iridology
14320:Snake oil
14263:Charlatan
14172:Herbalism
13944:Liquorice
13904:Fenugreek
13899:Chaparral
13894:Chamomile
13847:Aloe vera
13767:Shamanism
13715:Electuary
13509:Kallawaya
13504:Curandero
13320:Key terms
13243:advocates
13208:Shamanism
13178:Herbalism
12637:0094-6354
12251:Sagan, C.
11773:. Books.
11484:Kent 1997
11425:Hines, T.
11269:March 18,
11156:206902331
11140:1756-1833
11126:: g3218.
11061:492760852
10591:Hills, B.
10426:CiteSeerX
9944:(1): 10.
9576:1020-4989
8853:CiteSeerX
8760:1432-1335
7752:0040-781X
7654:0025-729X
6508:1748-5827
6262:Offit, P.
6241:0140-1750
6195:1460-2725
6080:1658-3639
6027:0378-8741
5968:2055-0278
5843:2296-2565
5800:March 11,
5709:1572-8633
5574:151442812
5566:0950-5431
5470:1474-1768
5429:255049739
5413:0149-2918
5239:1873-6513
5177:1432-1335
5028:206893456
5006:: d4372.
4897:Ernst, E.
4266:March 15,
4159:0077-8923
3873:CiteSeerX
3827:758098687
3430:disproved
3022:mind-body
2961:(3%) and
2947:body work
2927:herbalism
2800:mysticism
2772:unethical
2743:Marketing
2730:fallacy.
2429:(USMLE).
2355:authority
2347:chemicals
2240:veritable
2196:Shamanism
2183:adjusting
2156:echinacea
1884:molecules
1532:calls it
1287:amygdalin
1184:anecdotes
1001:Shamanism
986:Mongolian
961:Kayakalpa
936:Curandero
854:Cambodian
844:Brazilian
641:Urophagia
601:Radionics
506:Mesmerism
466:Iridology
14954:Eugenics
14937:Auditing
14513:Humorism
14488:Fad diet
14436:Cryonics
14396:Ayurveda
14359:Medicine
14315:Quackery
14095:Shiitake
14024:Valerian
14014:Turmeric
13984:Rosemary
13949:Marigold
13914:Flaxseed
13909:Feverfew
13889:Cardamom
13872:Cannabis
13857:Borututu
13747:Humorism
13545:Ayurveda
13482:Americas
13444:Saltigue
13306:Vaccines
13158:Bodywork
13148:Ayurveda
13058:Archived
13035:Archived
13022:Archived
13012:Archived
13004:Archived
12992:Archived
12982:Archived
12972:Journals
12966:Summary.
12857:11728302
12810:11469921
12804:(2): 1.
12765:18616238
12714:(2007).
12682:(1976).
12645:10488264
12612:23351104
12575:12890440
12515:(2001).
12453:Archived
12420:Archived
12380:21717826
12253:(1996).
12146:(1833).
12124:(eds.).
12096:(2005).
12073:(1998).
12032:(1993).
11939:(2011).
11889:Archived
11781:Archived
11705:16011726
11670:17761643
11629:10480829
11565:WHO 2000
11552:Archived
11473:11242574
11427:(2003).
11418:41229701
11340:Archived
11314:43272637
11306:16336135
11229:11198952
11148:24839973
11077:(2019).
11028:10709311
10993:15082809
10922:Medscape
10902:Archived
10897:BBC News
10867:Archived
10837:41793815
10829:16481640
10730:22991573
10704:: 1–19.
10679:24241097
10575:June 14,
10570:22379647
10448:10387984
10378:WHO 2005
10356:16368903
10325:35560507
10317:12964939
10269:Archived
10223:Archived
10219:19361005
10153:Archived
10149:CBS News
10013:27122896
10005:12961808
9970:35027078
9919:15983789
9911:15174992
9870:25150944
9835:20010660
9791:Archived
9740:Archived
9676:Archived
9633:28273314
9584:26581050
9493:15188733
9456:41527148
9448:11242572
9420:(2001).
9395:10351720
9313:19719686
9305:19628756
9233:Archived
9200:29371199
9186:: k309.
9120:10737073
9002:11372012
8944:20091554
8883:35124492
8875:15061600
8827:12356597
8776:29598970
8768:23099993
8699:12868249
8647:Archived
8623:19465405
8523:Archived
8519:31044567
8511:22432660
8453:11708302
8445:15516970
8271:11159555
8222:46177131
8214:11863470
8117:Archived
8088:Archived
8084:20107341
8053:(2010).
8035:Archived
8016:(1910).
8000:26685737
7670:15983789
7662:15174992
7538:11761499
7427:46970414
7289:25843124
7214:18728265
7162:15241300
7118:Archived
7023:11622483
6986:Archived
6890:(1996).
6822:Archived
6805:17939264
6797:16125589
6743:12492603
6642:11587822
6596:16646733
6516:26735773
6467:Archived
6398:31843233
6390:23206171
6264:(2013).
6203:20395240
6098:21475465
6045:33098971
5976:28758992
5924:29 March
5861:35570953
5763:Archived
5725:32143622
5717:21104324
5666:14755017
5527:Archived
5478:25693833
5421:36566113
5299:19580427
5291:29305045
5247:23707384
5193:29598970
5185:23099993
5112:22913745
5086:(1): 8.
5020:21750063
4980:36724993
4899:(1995).
4881:archived
4822:46772634
4814:10174663
4717:Archived
4622:41527148
4614:11242572
4530:Archived
4493:11708302
4485:15516970
4393:15983789
4385:15174992
4351:11242574
4305:(2003).
4046:Archived
4021:22913721
3995:(7): 7.
3970:71900519
3899:Archived
3569:See also
3426:unproven
3339:(NIH).)
3126:2000b)":
3066:May 2018
2945:(5–6%),
2692:blinding
2510:warfarin
2433:Efficacy
2327:quackery
2291:Biofield
2256:putative
2144:fish oil
2069:therapy
2057:such as
1978:Ayurveda
1668:Ayurveda
1555:(CM) or
1530:US NCCIH
1407:medicine
1340:holistic
1237:quackery
1211:medicine
1196:energies
1176:evidence
971:Japanese
914:San Jiao
894:Meridian
822:Ayurveda
661:Vitalism
226:Bodywork
115:Quackery
62:a series
15101:Clonaid
15034:Ufology
14944:Dowsing
14897:Alchemy
14864:EMDrive
14820:Physics
14446:Cupping
14347:Topics
14085:Meshima
14080:Maitake
14044:Za'atar
14029:Verbena
13969:Oregano
13929:Ginseng
13884:Caraway
13842:Alfalfa
13772:Theriac
13695:Alchemy
13672:Oceania
13570:Ancient
13247:Critics
13140:Systems
12953:. WHO.
12926:9933889
12704:4134656
12672:6420468
12604:9214254
12523:Diamond
12371:3196853
11912:Skeptic
11837:8863142
11828:1376996
11713:2327655
11620:1116545
11368:website
11237:7889638
10984:1733834
10721:3443820
10122:June 1,
10090:9820257
9961:8759198
9611:Bibcode
9208:3511158
9046:9449934
8935:7156905
8818:3221447
8716:135–136
8614:3136881
8399:9371077
8390:1228476
8262:1119400
8113:website
7992:9628052
7849:oxygen.
7844:6307462
7835:1548588
7546:7300728
7500:May 28,
7419:9421691
7348:9533499
7280:4727589
7205:2755247
7153:2768057
7073:202–205
6873:2813395
6865:8678416
6734:1874503
6622:Vaccine
6154:5485601
6146:9820267
6089:3068720
6036:7577282
5984:2127457
5852:9098925
5674:6453919
5486:8053861
5103:3424836
4972:7967992
4929:7636814
4920:1295191
4843:196–252
4786:9827781
4441:9371077
4432:1228476
4175:2813395
4167:8678416
4012:3424827
3895:9738094
3508:Goebels
3472:deaths.
3282:(1998)
2990:Shiatsu
2933:(12%),
2929:(19%),
2792:in lieu
2736:The BMJ
2321:and of
2306:History
2279:biology
2208:Issues
2205:Claims
2164:ginseng
2119:Chakras
2103:called
2077:physics
2040:Issues
2037:Claims
2011:arsenic
2007:mercury
1992:arsenic
1939:Issues
1936:Claims
1905:mixture
1840:Issues
1768:placebo
1726:balance
1582:(NHS),
1494:hearsay
1470:biology
1405:new age
1336:natural
1324:), and
1256:placebo
1209:New Age
1026:Tibetan
1006:Shiatsu
951:Iranian
931:Chumash
924:Zang-fu
889:Long gu
879:Gua sha
859:Chinese
805:African
621:Rolfing
98:History
15009:Orgone
14162:Herbal
14039:Yarrow
13924:Ginkgo
13919:Ginger
13641:Europe
13587:Ramuan
13439:Nganga
13417:Africa
13233:People
13076:about
12957:
12924:
12895:
12876:
12855:
12808:
12763:
12753:
12730:
12702:
12692:
12670:
12660:
12643:
12635:
12610:
12602:
12573:
12533:
12480:
12445:
12399:
12378:
12368:
12341:
12320:
12301:
12282:
12263:
12239:
12220:
12197:
12165:
12132:
12106:
12081:
12059:
12040:
12017:
11860:
11835:
11825:
11755:
11739:
11711:
11703:
11668:
11627:
11617:
11509:
11471:
11435:
11416:
11312:
11304:
11260:
11235:
11227:
11154:
11146:
11138:
11059:
11049:
11026:
10991:
10981:
10835:
10827:
10792:
10782:
10728:
10718:
10677:
10568:
10558:
10525:21 May
10499:21 May
10446:
10428:
10354:
10323:
10315:
10217:
10088:
10011:
10003:
9968:
9958:
9917:
9909:
9868:
9833:
9813:Nature
9652:Forbes
9631:
9603:Nature
9582:
9574:
9516:
9491:
9454:
9446:
9393:
9359:
9334:
9311:
9303:
9206:
9198:
9118:
9108:
9044:
9000:
8942:
8932:
8881:
8873:
8855:
8825:
8815:
8774:
8766:
8758:
8697:
8668:
8621:
8611:
8568:. UK:
8517:
8509:
8451:
8443:
8397:
8387:
8269:
8259:
8220:
8212:
8082:
7998:
7990:
7953:
7937:
7898:
7871:
7842:
7832:
7784:
7750:
7700:
7668:
7660:
7652:
7544:
7536:
7447:4 June
7425:
7417:
7372:Nature
7346:
7287:
7277:
7212:
7202:
7160:
7150:
7079:
7021:
6952:
6927:
6871:
6863:
6803:
6795:
6741:
6731:
6670:20 Nov
6640:
6594:
6553:
6514:
6506:
6396:
6388:
6326:
6318:. (p.
6290:
6272:
6239:
6201:
6193:
6152:
6144:
6096:
6086:
6078:
6043:
6033:
6025:
5982:
5974:
5966:
5894:
5859:
5849:
5841:
5755:
5723:
5715:
5707:
5672:
5664:
5572:
5564:
5484:
5476:
5468:
5427:
5419:
5411:
5297:
5289:
5245:
5237:
5191:
5183:
5175:
5110:
5100:
5026:
5018:
4978:
4970:
4927:
4917:
4867:
4820:
4812:
4784:
4646:
4620:
4612:
4491:
4483:
4439:
4429:
4391:
4383:
4349:
4313:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4052:6 June
4019:
4009:
3968:
3950:Health
3928:
3893:
3875:
3825:
3815:
3504:Hitler
2965:(2%).
2957:(3%),
2953:(4%),
2949:(5%),
2941:(8%),
2937:(8%),
2711:Appeal
2632:. The
2615:, use
2589:effect
2587:Nocebo
2254:) and
2162:, and
1988:sulfur
1984:doshas
1955:qigong
1730:holism
1690:, and
1561:belief
1427:framed
1402:, and
1338:" or "
1231:, and
1094:PANDAS
1011:Siddha
976:Korean
919:Tui na
874:Dit da
541:Orgone
48:Claims
43:altmed
14890:Other
14583:Reiki
14268:Crank
14053:Fungi
14009:Thyme
13852:Anise
13835:Herbs
13688:Other
13582:Kampo
13560:Hilot
12608:S2CID
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