Knowledge

Composition of relations

Source đź“ť

4143: 4495:
compare to division and produce quotients. Three quotients are exhibited here: left residual, right residual, and symmetric quotient. The left residual of two relations is defined presuming that they have the same domain (source), and the right residual presumes the same codomain (range, target). The
2241:
of two logical matrices will be 1, then, only if the row and column multiplied have a corresponding 1. Thus the logical matrix of a composition of relations can be found by computing the matrix product of the matrices representing the factors of the composition. "Matrices constitute a method for
3633: 4024: 4747: 466: 5444:. The usual composition of two binary relations as defined here can be obtained by taking their join, leading to a ternary relation, followed by a projection that removes the middle component. For example, in the query language SQL there is the operation 3325: 2173:. The entries of these matrices are either zero or one, depending on whether the relation represented is false or true for the row and column corresponding to compared objects. Working with such matrices involves the Boolean arithmetic with 224: 4379: 4230: 3911: 3500: 5381: 4565: 4633: 1860: 337: 1456: 4438: 4303: 4640: 2870: 4138:{\displaystyle QR\subseteq S\quad {\text{ is equivalent to }}\quad Q^{\textsf {T}}{\bar {S}}\subseteq {\bar {R}}\quad {\text{ is equivalent to }}\quad {\bar {S}}R^{\textsf {T}}\subseteq {\bar {Q}}.} 1565: 3230: 3015: 2914: 1238: 5103: 3960: 1637: 2716: 4814: 2962: 506: 3723:
hence any two languages share a nation where they both are spoken (in fact: Switzerland). Vice versa, the question whether two given nations share a language can be answered using
2291: 839: 161: 4159: 3760: 2642: 1318: 1000: 306: 274: 3694: 5182: 3398: 2769: 5243: 5141: 3495: 3433: 2674: 2470: 2418: 2386: 1751: 1669: 5211: 4912: 4011: 3359: 1111: 1065: 4944: 4846: 5847: 5296: 4875: 4779: 3850: 612: 2235: 1340: 1260: 1197: 550: 936: 909: 763: 688: 650: 3463: 5432: 5048: 5016: 1169: 1032: 4145:
Verbally, one equivalence can be obtained from another: select the first or second factor and transpose it; then complement the other two relations and permute them.
2548: 4984: 2519: 1591: 1286: 1137: 960: 576: 2203: 2041: 1945: 1784: 4308: 879: 3114: 2574: 332: 156: 130: 104: 3790: 3721: 3656: 3161: 3068: 3045: 2064: 1968: 938:
explicitly when necessary, depending whether the left or the right relation is the first one applied. A further variation encountered in computer science is the
5403: 5291: 5271: 4480: 4460: 4252: 3982: 3814: 3221: 3201: 3181: 3134: 3088: 2789: 2594: 2490: 2438: 2351: 2331: 2311: 2150: 2126: 2106: 2086: 2010: 1990: 1914: 1894: 1507: 1479: 1387: 1367: 3859: 4257: 4506: 2798: 3628:{\displaystyle RR^{\textsf {T}}={\begin{pmatrix}1&0&0&1\\0&1&0&1\\0&0&1&1\\1&1&1&1\end{pmatrix}}.} 1343: 4572: 1789: 962:
is used to denote the traditional (right) composition, while left composition is denoted by a fat semicolon. The unicode symbols are ⨾ and ⨟.
1396: 4742:{\displaystyle \operatorname {syq} (E,F)\mathrel {:=} {\overline {E^{\textsf {T}}{\bar {F}}}}\cap {\overline {{\bar {E}}^{\textsf {T}}F}}} 4384: 1077:, the morphisms are binary relations and the composition of morphisms is exactly composition of relations as defined above. The category 6584: 6567: 5642: 6097: 5933: 461:{\displaystyle R;S=\{(x,z)\in X\times Z:{\text{ there exists }}y\in Y{\text{ such that }}(x,y)\in R{\text{ and }}(y,z)\in S\}.} 5877: 5619: 5522: 5494: 4949: 6414: 5666: 1512: 6550: 6409: 5905: 5692: 5557: 4149: 6404: 2967: 2875: 1202: 5053: 3920: 1596: 6627: 6040: 2683: 719: 6122: 4784: 2926: 6441: 6361: 5487: 473: 6226: 6155: 6035: 5865: 2261: 779: 5801:
De Morgan indicated contraries by lower case, conversion as M, and inclusion with )), so his notation was
3726: 2603: 1291: 973: 279: 247: 6129: 6117: 6080: 6055: 6030: 5984: 5953: 3663: 3320:{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}1&0&0\\0&1&0\\0&0&1\\1&1&1\end{pmatrix}}.} 6622: 6426: 6060: 6050: 5926: 5515: 5146: 3368: 2721: 881:
is commonly used in algebra to signify multiplication, so too, it can signify relative multiplication.
5216: 5108: 3468: 3406: 2647: 2443: 2391: 2359: 1691: 1645: 845:
the text sequence from the operation sequence. The small circle was used in the introductory pages of
6399: 6065: 5767: 5436: 5187: 4880: 3987: 3335: 1863: 1086: 1040: 5771: 5662: 4917: 4819: 6617: 5958: 5804: 4851: 4755: 3826: 774: 581: 76:
indicates a compound relation: for a person to be an uncle, he must be the brother of a parent. In
2208: 1323: 1243: 1180: 511: 6579: 6562: 3853: 914: 887: 736: 655: 617: 6491: 6107: 5726: 5722: 3821: 3442: 1482: 1390: 1346: 1035: 66: 5408: 5021: 4989: 1142: 1005: 219:{\displaystyle U=BP\quad {\text{ is equivalent to: }}\quad xByPz{\text{ if and only if }}xUz.} 6469: 6304: 6295: 6164: 6045: 5999: 5963: 5919: 5609: 4491:
Just as composition of relations is a type of multiplication resulting in a product, so some
4374:{\displaystyle RX\subseteq S{\text{ implies }}R^{\textsf {T}}{\bar {S}}\subseteq {\bar {X}},} 4225:{\displaystyle LM\subseteq N{\text{ implies }}{\bar {N}}M^{\textsf {T}}\subseteq {\bar {L}}.} 3914: 2524: 1069: 50: 4963: 4492: 2498: 1570: 1265: 1116: 945: 555: 6557: 6516: 6506: 6496: 6241: 6204: 6194: 6174: 6159: 2176: 2019: 1923: 1762: 1685: 1486: 62: 855: 8: 6484: 6395: 6341: 6300: 6290: 6179: 6112: 6075: 5790: 5457: 4148:
Though this transformation of an inclusion of a composition of relations was detailed by
3906:{\displaystyle A\subseteq B{\text{ implies }}B^{\complement }\subseteq A^{\complement }.} 3436: 3093: 2792: 2597: 2553: 1459: 850: 311: 135: 109: 83: 5639: 3772: 3703: 3638: 3227:, assuming rows (top to bottom) and columns (left to right) are ordered alphabetically: 3143: 3050: 3027: 2046: 1950: 6596: 6523: 6376: 6285: 6275: 6216: 6134: 6070: 5462: 5441: 5388: 5276: 5256: 4465: 4445: 4237: 4153: 3967: 3799: 3697: 3206: 3186: 3166: 3119: 3073: 2774: 2677: 2579: 2475: 2423: 2336: 2316: 2296: 2135: 2111: 2091: 2071: 1995: 1975: 1899: 1879: 1492: 1464: 1372: 1352: 884:
Further with the circle notation, subscripts may be used. Some authors prefer to write
229: 6436: 5376:{\displaystyle c\,(<)\,d~\mathrel {:=} ~c;a^{\textsf {T}}\cap \ d;b^{\textsf {T}}.} 6533: 6511: 6371: 6356: 6336: 6139: 5901: 5897: 5873: 5763: 5688: 5650: 5627: 5615: 5553: 5518: 5490: 4014: 3362: 3330: 3137: 2354: 2157: 1756: 1074: 727: 5596: 6346: 6199: 1870: 1175: 1079: 722:
with the notation for function composition used (mostly by computer scientists) in
5739: 4560:{\displaystyle A\backslash B\mathrel {:=} {\overline {A^{\textsf {T}}{\bar {B}}}}} 6528: 6311: 6189: 6184: 6169: 6085: 5994: 5979: 5857: 5685: 5646: 5573: 5550: 3817: 3793: 2153: 723: 711: 77: 65:
is the special case of composition of relations where all relations involved are
24: 6446: 6431: 6421: 6280: 6258: 6236: 5869: 5592: 5581: 3497:
contains a 1 at every position, while the reversed matrix product computes as:
3401: 3224: 2238: 2170: 707: 703: 4234:
With Schröder rules and complementation one can solve for an unknown relation
6611: 6545: 6501: 6479: 6351: 6221: 6209: 6014: 5677: 2247: 766: 5894:
Monoids, Acts and Categories with Applications to Wreath Products and Graphs
2246:
the conclusions traditionally drawn by means of hypothetical syllogisms and
6366: 6248: 6231: 6149: 5989: 5942: 5783: 2917: 1640: 236:
has been subsumed by relational logical expressions and their composition.
6572: 6265: 6144: 6009: 5786: 4496:
symmetric quotient presumes two relations share a domain and a codomain.
1672: 20: 5533:
A. De Morgan (1860) "On the Syllogism: IV and on the Logic of Relations"
4628:{\displaystyle D/C\mathrel {:=} {\overline {{\bar {D}}C^{\textsf {T}}}}} 1855:{\displaystyle (R\,;S)^{\textsf {T}}=S^{\textsf {T}}\,;R^{\textsf {T}}.} 6540: 6474: 6315: 5445: 2013: 939: 6591: 6464: 6270: 4156:
first articulated the transformation as Theorem K in 1860. He wrote
1917: 1451:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Rel}}({\mathsf {Set}})\cong {\mathsf {Rel}}} 770: 699: 233: 849:
until it was dropped in favor of juxtaposition (no infix notation).
773:
of relations. However, the small circle is widely used to represent
765:
has been used for the infix notation of composition of relations by
726:, as well as the notation for dynamic conjunction within linguistic 6386: 6253: 6004: 5766:(December 1948) "Matrix development of the calculus of relations", 5385:
Another form of composition of relations, which applies to general
5184:
understood as relations, meaning that there are converse relations
4433:{\displaystyle X\subseteq {\overline {R^{\textsf {T}}{\bar {S}}}},} 4298:{\displaystyle RX\subseteq S\quad {\text{and}}\quad XR\subseteq S.} 3635:
This matrix is symmetric, and represents a homogeneous relation on
5482:
Bjarni JĂłnssen (1984) "Maximal Algebras of Binary Relations", in
3917:
it is common to represent the complement of a set by an overbar:
2964:
is used to distinguish relations of Ferrer's type, which satisfy
2043:
is surjective, which conversely implies only the surjectivity of
5911: 2129: 1947:
is injective, which conversely implies only the injectivity of
1862:
This property makes the set of all binary relations on a set a
5514:, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 132, 1873:(that is, functional relations) is again a (partial) function. 2865:{\displaystyle R^{\textsf {T}}R\supseteq I=\{(x,x):x\in B\}.} 2128:) together with (left or right) relation composition forms a 73: 5465: â€“ Human contact that exists because of a mutual friend 4914:
and the right residual is the greatest relation satisfying
4816:
Thus the left residual is the greatest relation satisfying
4797: 4513: 3527: 3239: 2333:
are distinct sets. Then using composition of relation
714:
has renewed the use of the semicolon, particularly in
5807: 5411: 5391: 5299: 5279: 5259: 5219: 5190: 5149: 5111: 5056: 5024: 4992: 4966: 4920: 4883: 4854: 4822: 4787: 4758: 4643: 4575: 4509: 4468: 4448: 4387: 4311: 4260: 4240: 4162: 4027: 3990: 3970: 3923: 3862: 3829: 3802: 3775: 3729: 3706: 3666: 3641: 3503: 3471: 3445: 3409: 3371: 3338: 3233: 3209: 3189: 3169: 3146: 3122: 3096: 3076: 3053: 3030: 2970: 2929: 2878: 2801: 2777: 2724: 2686: 2650: 2606: 2582: 2556: 2527: 2501: 2478: 2446: 2426: 2394: 2362: 2339: 2319: 2299: 2264: 2211: 2179: 2138: 2114: 2094: 2074: 2049: 2022: 1998: 1978: 1953: 1926: 1902: 1882: 1792: 1765: 1694: 1648: 1599: 1573: 1515: 1495: 1467: 1399: 1375: 1355: 1326: 1294: 1268: 1246: 1205: 1183: 1145: 1119: 1089: 1043: 1008: 976: 948: 917: 890: 858: 782: 739: 658: 620: 584: 558: 514: 476: 340: 314: 282: 250: 164: 138: 112: 106:) is the composition of relations "is a brother of" ( 86: 4955: 2164: 1560:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Rel}}({\mathsf {Mat}}(k))} 5841: 5628:http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~pt/Practical_Foundations/ 5426: 5397: 5375: 5285: 5265: 5237: 5205: 5176: 5135: 5097: 5042: 5010: 4978: 4938: 4906: 4869: 4840: 4808: 4773: 4741: 4627: 4559: 4474: 4454: 4432: 4373: 4297: 4246: 4224: 4137: 4005: 3976: 3954: 3905: 3844: 3808: 3784: 3754: 3715: 3688: 3650: 3627: 3489: 3457: 3427: 3392: 3353: 3319: 3215: 3195: 3175: 3155: 3128: 3108: 3082: 3062: 3039: 3009: 2956: 2908: 2864: 2783: 2763: 2710: 2668: 2636: 2588: 2568: 2542: 2513: 2484: 2464: 2432: 2412: 2380: 2345: 2325: 2305: 2285: 2229: 2197: 2144: 2120: 2100: 2080: 2058: 2035: 2004: 1984: 1962: 1939: 1908: 1888: 1854: 1778: 1745: 1663: 1631: 1585: 1559: 1501: 1473: 1450: 1381: 1361: 1334: 1312: 1280: 1254: 1232: 1191: 1163: 1131: 1105: 1059: 1026: 994: 954: 930: 903: 873: 833: 757: 682: 644: 606: 570: 544: 500: 460: 326: 300: 268: 218: 150: 124: 98: 5896:, De Gruyter Expositions in Mathematics vol. 29, 308:are two binary relations, then their composition 6609: 5626:A free HTML version of the book is available at 965: 3070:{ French, German, Italian } with the relation 5927: 5547:Augustus De Morgan and the Logic of Relations 4948:One can practice the logic of residuals with 3010:{\displaystyle R{\bar {R}}^{\textsf {T}}R=R.} 2909:{\displaystyle R\subseteq RR^{\textsf {T}}R.} 1639:. The category of linear relations over the 1233:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Rel}}(\mathbb {X} )} 5098:{\displaystyle c\,(<)\,d:H\to A\times B.} 3955:{\displaystyle {\bar {A}}=A^{\complement }.} 3047:{ France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland } and 2856: 2826: 2755: 2725: 1632:{\displaystyle R\subseteq k^{n}\oplus k^{m}} 452: 353: 5607: 2711:{\displaystyle I\subseteq RR^{\textsf {T}}} 2169:Finite binary relations are represented by 706:for composition of relations dates back to 6585:Positive cone of a partially ordered group 5934: 5920: 5614:. Cambridge University Press. p. 24. 4986:has been introduced to fuse two relations 2253: 1083:of sets and functions is a subcategory of 5892:M. Kilp, U. Knauer, A.V. Mikhalev (2000) 5601: 5364: 5340: 5313: 5303: 5226: 5197: 5070: 5060: 4809:{\displaystyle X\subseteq A\backslash B.} 4724: 4679: 4613: 4533: 4403: 4335: 4198: 4111: 4053: 3997: 3743: 3733: 3679: 3673: 3513: 3478: 3416: 3378: 3345: 2989: 2957:{\displaystyle {\bar {R}}^{\textsf {T}}R} 2945: 2894: 2808: 2702: 2660: 2625: 2453: 2404: 2369: 2026: 1930: 1843: 1833: 1827: 1812: 1799: 1769: 1651: 1485:), the category of relations internal to 1328: 1248: 1223: 1185: 600: 596: 592: 588: 53:, the composition of relations is called 6568:Positive cone of an ordered vector space 5787:The Origins of the Calculus of Relations 5638:Michael Barr & Charles Wells (1998) 5105:The construction depends on projections 693: 31:is the forming of a new binary relation 5640:Category Theory for Computer Scientists 1389:. Categories of internal relations are 232:, the traditional form of reasoning by 80:it is said that the relation of Uncle ( 6610: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5506: 5504: 5502: 1671:is isomorphic to the phase-free qubit 1540: 1537: 1534: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1052: 1049: 1046: 501:{\displaystyle R;S\subseteq X\times Z} 5915: 5541: 5539: 2286:{\displaystyle R\subseteq A\times B;} 2132:with zero, where the identity map on 2068:The set of binary relations on a set 1199:, its category of internal relations 834:{\displaystyle g(f(x))=(g\circ f)(x)} 5611:Practical Foundations of Mathematics 3755:{\displaystyle R\,;R^{\textsf {T}}.} 2916:The opposite inclusion occurs for a 2637:{\displaystyle x,xRR^{\textsf {T}}x} 1313:{\displaystyle R\subseteq X\times Y} 995:{\displaystyle R\subseteq X\times Y} 301:{\displaystyle S\subseteq Y\times Z} 269:{\displaystyle R\subseteq X\times Y} 5671: 5667:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5562: 5499: 3689:{\displaystyle R^{\textsf {T}}\,;R} 552:if and only if there is an element 13: 6095:Properties & Types ( 5536: 2258:Consider a heterogeneous relation 14: 6639: 6551:Positive cone of an ordered field 5703:Kilp, Knauer & Mikhalev, p. 7 5177:{\displaystyle b:A\times B\to B,} 4956:Join: another form of composition 3764: 3435:when summation is implemented by 3393:{\displaystyle R^{\textsf {T}};R} 2764:{\displaystyle \{(x,x):x\in A\}.} 2718:where I is the identity relation 508:is defined by the rule that says 6405:Ordered topological vector space 5941: 5682:Fundamentals of Semigroup Theory 5238:{\displaystyle b^{\textsf {T}}.} 5136:{\displaystyle a:A\times B\to A} 4254:in relation inclusions such as 3490:{\displaystyle R^{\textsf {T}}R} 3428:{\displaystyle R^{\textsf {T}}R} 2669:{\displaystyle RR^{\textsf {T}}} 2465:{\displaystyle R^{\textsf {T}}R} 2413:{\displaystyle RR^{\textsf {T}}} 2388:there are homogeneous relations 2381:{\displaystyle R^{\textsf {T}},} 2165:Composition in terms of matrices 1746:{\displaystyle R;(S;T)=(R;S);T.} 1664:{\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{2}} 41:from two given binary relations 5851: 5795: 5777: 5757: 5732: 5715: 5706: 5697: 5206:{\displaystyle a^{\textsf {T}}} 4907:{\displaystyle Y\subseteq D/C,} 4305:For instance, by Schröder rule 4279: 4273: 4092: 4086: 4046: 4040: 4006:{\displaystyle S^{\textsf {T}}} 3365:, and the relation composition 3354:{\displaystyle R^{\textsf {T}}} 1106:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Rel}}} 1060:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Rel}}} 183: 177: 5827: 5824: 5684:, page 16, LMS Monograph #12, 5661:Rick Nouwen and others (2016) 5655: 5632: 5597:Algebra und Logik der Relative 5586: 5576:& Thomas Ströhlein (1993) 5527: 5476: 5310: 5304: 5165: 5127: 5080: 5067: 5061: 5034: 5002: 4973: 4967: 4939:{\displaystyle YC\subseteq D.} 4841:{\displaystyle AX\subseteq B.} 4716: 4691: 4662: 4650: 4601: 4545: 4415: 4362: 4347: 4213: 4186: 4126: 4099: 4080: 4065: 4021:. Then the Schröder rules are 3930: 3836: 3830: 2981: 2937: 2841: 2829: 2740: 2728: 1807: 1793: 1731: 1719: 1713: 1701: 1577: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1529: 1429: 1413: 1272: 1227: 1219: 1155: 1123: 1018: 868: 859: 828: 822: 819: 807: 801: 798: 792: 786: 752: 740: 671: 659: 633: 621: 527: 515: 443: 431: 417: 405: 368: 356: 1: 6362:Series-parallel partial order 5886: 5842:{\displaystyle nM^{-1}))\ l.} 5488:American Mathematical Society 5484:Contributions to Group Theory 4870:{\displaystyle YC\subseteq D} 4774:{\displaystyle AX\subseteq B} 3845:{\displaystyle (\subseteq ).} 1678: 718:(2011). The use of semicolon 607:{\displaystyle x\,R\,y\,S\,z} 239: 180: is equivalent to:  57:, and its result is called a 6041:Cantor's isomorphism theorem 5866:Lecture Notes in Mathematics 5712:ISO/IEC 13568:2002(E), p. 23 4734: 4698: 4620: 4552: 4486: 4422: 4089: is equivalent to  4043: is equivalent to  2230:{\displaystyle 1\times 1=1.} 1684:Composition of relations is 1335:{\displaystyle \mathbb {X} } 1255:{\displaystyle \mathbb {X} } 1192:{\displaystyle \mathbb {X} } 966:Mathematical generalizations 545:{\displaystyle (x,z)\in R;S} 7: 6081:Szpilrajn extension theorem 6056:Hausdorff maximal principle 6031:Boolean prime ideal theorem 5860:and Michael Winter (2018): 5451: 2156:, and the empty set is the 10: 6644: 6427:Topological vector lattice 5516:Cambridge University Press 4381:and complementation gives 3984:is a binary relation, let 3019: 1262:, but now the morphisms 931:{\displaystyle \circ _{r}} 904:{\displaystyle \circ _{l}} 758:{\displaystyle (R\circ S)} 683:{\displaystyle (y,z)\in S} 645:{\displaystyle (x,y)\in R} 201: if and only if  6457: 6385: 6324: 6094: 6023: 5972: 5949: 5768:Journal of Symbolic Logic 5545:Daniel D. Merrill (1990) 4848:Similarly, the inclusion 3458:{\displaystyle 3\times 3} 2088:(that is, relations from 1864:semigroup with involution 1240:has the same objects as 769:in his books considering 6036:Cantor–Bernstein theorem 5469: 5427:{\displaystyle n\geq 2,} 5043:{\displaystyle d:H\to B} 5011:{\displaystyle c:H\to A} 4752:Using Schröder's rules, 3439:. It turns out that the 3223:can be represented by a 1288:are given by subobjects 1164:{\displaystyle f:X\to Y} 1027:{\displaystyle R:X\to Y} 775:composition of functions 388: there exists  132:) and "is a parent of" ( 29:composition of relations 6580:Partially ordered group 6400:Specialization preorder 5510:Gunther Schmidt (2011) 2543:{\displaystyle y\in B,} 2254:Heterogeneous relations 1342:. Formally, these are 55:relative multiplication 6628:Mathematical relations 6066:Kruskal's tree theorem 6061:Knaster–Tarski theorem 6051:Dushnik–Miller theorem 5843: 5512:Relational Mathematics 5428: 5399: 5377: 5287: 5267: 5239: 5207: 5178: 5137: 5099: 5044: 5012: 4980: 4979:{\displaystyle (<)} 4940: 4908: 4871: 4842: 4810: 4775: 4743: 4629: 4561: 4476: 4456: 4434: 4375: 4299: 4248: 4226: 4139: 4007: 3978: 3956: 3907: 3846: 3810: 3792:the collection of all 3786: 3756: 3717: 3690: 3652: 3629: 3491: 3459: 3429: 3394: 3355: 3321: 3217: 3197: 3177: 3157: 3130: 3110: 3084: 3064: 3041: 3011: 2958: 2910: 2866: 2785: 2765: 2712: 2670: 2638: 2590: 2570: 2544: 2515: 2514:{\displaystyle x\in A} 2486: 2466: 2434: 2414: 2382: 2347: 2327: 2307: 2287: 2231: 2199: 2146: 2122: 2102: 2082: 2060: 2037: 2006: 1986: 1964: 1941: 1910: 1890: 1856: 1780: 1747: 1665: 1633: 1587: 1586:{\displaystyle n\to m} 1561: 1503: 1483:principal ideal domain 1475: 1452: 1383: 1363: 1336: 1314: 1282: 1281:{\displaystyle X\to Y} 1256: 1234: 1193: 1165: 1133: 1132:{\displaystyle X\to Y} 1107: 1061: 1028: 996: 956: 955:{\displaystyle \circ } 932: 905: 875: 835: 759: 716:Relational Mathematics 684: 646: 608: 572: 571:{\displaystyle y\in Y} 546: 502: 462: 328: 302: 270: 220: 152: 126: 100: 16:Mathematical operation 5844: 5774:, quote from page 203 5429: 5405:-place relations for 5400: 5378: 5288: 5268: 5240: 5208: 5179: 5138: 5100: 5045: 5013: 4981: 4941: 4909: 4872: 4843: 4811: 4776: 4744: 4630: 4562: 4477: 4457: 4435: 4376: 4300: 4249: 4227: 4140: 4008: 3979: 3957: 3915:calculus of relations 3908: 3847: 3811: 3787: 3757: 3718: 3691: 3653: 3630: 3492: 3460: 3430: 3395: 3356: 3322: 3218: 3198: 3178: 3158: 3131: 3111: 3085: 3065: 3042: 3012: 2959: 2911: 2867: 2786: 2766: 2713: 2671: 2639: 2598:(left-)total relation 2591: 2571: 2545: 2516: 2487: 2467: 2435: 2415: 2383: 2348: 2328: 2308: 2288: 2232: 2200: 2198:{\displaystyle 1+1=1} 2147: 2123: 2103: 2083: 2061: 2038: 2036:{\displaystyle R\,;S} 2007: 1987: 1965: 1942: 1940:{\displaystyle R\,;S} 1911: 1891: 1857: 1781: 1779:{\displaystyle R\,;S} 1748: 1666: 1634: 1588: 1562: 1504: 1481:(or more generally a 1476: 1453: 1384: 1364: 1337: 1315: 1283: 1257: 1235: 1194: 1166: 1134: 1108: 1062: 1029: 997: 957: 933: 906: 876: 836: 760: 710:'s textbook of 1895. 694:Notational variations 685: 647: 609: 573: 547: 503: 463: 402: such that  329: 303: 271: 221: 153: 127: 101: 51:calculus of relations 6558:Ordered vector space 5805: 5740:"internal relations" 5608:Paul Taylor (1999). 5578:Relations and Graphs 5486:, K.I. Appel editor 5409: 5389: 5297: 5277: 5257: 5217: 5188: 5147: 5109: 5054: 5022: 4990: 4964: 4918: 4881: 4852: 4820: 4785: 4756: 4641: 4637:Symmetric quotient: 4573: 4507: 4466: 4446: 4440:which is called the 4385: 4309: 4258: 4238: 4160: 4025: 3988: 3968: 3921: 3860: 3856:reverses inclusion: 3827: 3800: 3773: 3727: 3704: 3664: 3639: 3501: 3469: 3443: 3407: 3369: 3336: 3231: 3207: 3187: 3167: 3144: 3120: 3094: 3074: 3051: 3028: 2968: 2927: 2876: 2799: 2775: 2722: 2684: 2648: 2604: 2580: 2554: 2525: 2499: 2476: 2444: 2424: 2392: 2360: 2337: 2317: 2297: 2262: 2209: 2177: 2136: 2112: 2092: 2072: 2047: 2020: 1996: 1976: 1951: 1924: 1900: 1880: 1790: 1763: 1692: 1646: 1597: 1571: 1513: 1493: 1465: 1397: 1373: 1353: 1324: 1292: 1266: 1244: 1203: 1181: 1143: 1117: 1087: 1041: 1006: 974: 946: 915: 888: 874:{\displaystyle (RS)} 856: 847:Graphs and Relations 780: 737: 656: 618: 582: 556: 512: 474: 338: 312: 280: 248: 162: 136: 110: 84: 63:Function composition 6396:Alexandrov topology 6342:Lexicographic order 6301:Well-quasi-ordering 5862:Relational Topology 5791:Stanford University 5458:Demonic composition 4326: implies  4177: implies  3874: implies  3437:logical disjunction 3400:corresponds to the 3361:corresponds to the 3109:{\displaystyle aRb} 2793:surjective relation 2569:{\displaystyle xRy} 1871:(partial) functions 1869:The composition of 327:{\displaystyle R;S} 151:{\displaystyle yPz} 125:{\displaystyle xBy} 99:{\displaystyle xUz} 6377:Transitive closure 6337:Converse/Transpose 6046:Dilworth's theorem 5839: 5729:on FileFormat.info 5645:2016-03-04 at the 5463:Friend of a friend 5442:relational algebra 5424: 5395: 5373: 5283: 5263: 5235: 5203: 5174: 5133: 5095: 5040: 5008: 4976: 4936: 4904: 4867: 4838: 4806: 4771: 4739: 4625: 4557: 4472: 4452: 4430: 4371: 4295: 4244: 4222: 4154:Augustus De Morgan 4135: 4017:, also called the 4003: 3974: 3952: 3903: 3842: 3806: 3785:{\displaystyle V,} 3782: 3752: 3716:{\displaystyle B,} 3713: 3698:universal relation 3686: 3651:{\displaystyle A.} 3648: 3625: 3616: 3487: 3455: 3425: 3390: 3351: 3317: 3308: 3213: 3193: 3173: 3156:{\displaystyle a.} 3153: 3126: 3106: 3080: 3063:{\displaystyle B=} 3060: 3040:{\displaystyle A=} 3037: 3007: 2954: 2906: 2862: 2781: 2761: 2708: 2678:reflexive relation 2666: 2634: 2586: 2566: 2540: 2521:there exists some 2511: 2482: 2462: 2430: 2410: 2378: 2343: 2323: 2303: 2283: 2227: 2195: 2142: 2118: 2098: 2078: 2059:{\displaystyle S.} 2056: 2033: 2002: 1982: 1963:{\displaystyle R.} 1960: 1937: 1906: 1886: 1852: 1776: 1743: 1661: 1629: 1583: 1557: 1499: 1471: 1448: 1379: 1359: 1332: 1310: 1278: 1252: 1230: 1189: 1161: 1129: 1103: 1057: 1024: 992: 952: 928: 901: 871: 831: 755: 680: 642: 604: 568: 542: 498: 458: 324: 298: 266: 230:Augustus De Morgan 216: 148: 122: 96: 6623:Binary operations 6605: 6604: 6563:Partially ordered 6372:Symmetric closure 6357:Reflexive closure 6100: 5898:Walter de Gruyter 5878:978-3-319-74451-3 5832: 5764:Irving Copilowish 5663:Dynamic Semantics 5651:McGill University 5621:978-0-521-63107-5 5523:978-0-521-76268-7 5495:978-0-8218-5035-0 5398:{\displaystyle n} 5366: 5351: 5342: 5327: 5319: 5286:{\displaystyle d} 5266:{\displaystyle c} 5228: 5199: 4877:is equivalent to 4781:is equivalent to 4737: 4726: 4719: 4701: 4694: 4681: 4623: 4615: 4604: 4555: 4548: 4535: 4475:{\displaystyle R} 4455:{\displaystyle S} 4442:left residual of 4425: 4418: 4405: 4365: 4350: 4337: 4327: 4277: 4247:{\displaystyle X} 4216: 4200: 4189: 4178: 4129: 4113: 4102: 4090: 4083: 4068: 4055: 4044: 4015:converse relation 3999: 3977:{\displaystyle S} 3933: 3875: 3809:{\displaystyle V} 3745: 3675: 3660:Correspondingly, 3515: 3480: 3418: 3380: 3363:transposed matrix 3347: 3331:converse relation 3216:{\displaystyle R} 3196:{\displaystyle B} 3176:{\displaystyle A} 3138:national language 3129:{\displaystyle b} 3083:{\displaystyle R} 2991: 2984: 2947: 2940: 2896: 2810: 2784:{\displaystyle R} 2704: 2662: 2627: 2589:{\displaystyle R} 2485:{\displaystyle B} 2455: 2433:{\displaystyle A} 2406: 2371: 2346:{\displaystyle R} 2326:{\displaystyle B} 2306:{\displaystyle A} 2145:{\displaystyle X} 2121:{\displaystyle X} 2101:{\displaystyle X} 2081:{\displaystyle X} 2005:{\displaystyle S} 1985:{\displaystyle R} 1909:{\displaystyle S} 1889:{\displaystyle R} 1845: 1829: 1814: 1757:converse relation 1593:linear subspaces 1502:{\displaystyle k} 1474:{\displaystyle k} 1393:. In particular 1382:{\displaystyle Y} 1362:{\displaystyle X} 1113:where the maps 970:Binary relations 728:dynamic semantics 429: 403: 389: 202: 181: 6635: 6347:Linear extension 6096: 6076:Mirsky's theorem 5936: 5929: 5922: 5913: 5912: 5880: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5830: 5823: 5822: 5799: 5793: 5781: 5775: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5736: 5730: 5719: 5713: 5710: 5704: 5701: 5695: 5675: 5669: 5659: 5653: 5636: 5630: 5625: 5605: 5599: 5590: 5584: 5571: 5560: 5543: 5534: 5531: 5525: 5508: 5497: 5480: 5433: 5431: 5430: 5425: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5382: 5380: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5368: 5367: 5349: 5345: 5344: 5343: 5325: 5324: 5317: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5272: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5251: 5250: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5200: 5183: 5181: 5180: 5175: 5142: 5140: 5139: 5134: 5104: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5049: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5017: 5015: 5014: 5009: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4960:A fork operator 4945: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4897: 4876: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4780: 4778: 4777: 4772: 4748: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4738: 4733: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4687: 4684: 4683: 4682: 4671: 4669: 4634: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4624: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4606: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4591: 4583: 4569:Right residual: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4556: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4536: 4525: 4523: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4473: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4453: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4420: 4419: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4406: 4395: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4366: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4343: 4340: 4339: 4338: 4328: 4325: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4278: 4275: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4231: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4217: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4191: 4190: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4130: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4104: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4056: 4045: 4042: 4012: 4010: 4009: 4004: 4002: 4001: 4000: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3961: 3959: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3947: 3935: 3934: 3926: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3898: 3886: 3885: 3876: 3873: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3807: 3794:binary relations 3791: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3769:For a given set 3761: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3747: 3746: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3695: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3657: 3655: 3654: 3649: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3620: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3399: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3383: 3382: 3381: 3360: 3358: 3357: 3352: 3350: 3349: 3348: 3326: 3324: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3312: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3214: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3182: 3180: 3179: 3174: 3162: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3135: 3133: 3132: 3127: 3115: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3089: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3069: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3046: 3044: 3043: 3038: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3008: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2977: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2933: 2923:The composition 2915: 2913: 2912: 2907: 2899: 2898: 2897: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2790: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2770: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2717: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2675: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2665: 2664: 2663: 2643: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2600:), then for all 2595: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2575: 2573: 2572: 2567: 2549: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2520: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2491: 2489: 2488: 2483: 2471: 2469: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2439: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2419: 2417: 2416: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2387: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2352: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2332: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2312: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2292: 2290: 2289: 2284: 2237:An entry in the 2236: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2204: 2202: 2201: 2196: 2171:logical matrices 2151: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2127: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2087: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2065: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2042: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1991: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1969: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1946: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1915: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1895: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1861: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1785: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1675:modulo scalars. 1670: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1627: 1615: 1614: 1592: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1544: 1543: 1528: 1527: 1508: 1506: 1505: 1500: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1428: 1427: 1412: 1411: 1388: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1368: 1366: 1365: 1360: 1341: 1339: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1311: 1287: 1285: 1284: 1279: 1261: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1239: 1237: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1218: 1217: 1198: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1176:regular category 1170: 1168: 1167: 1162: 1138: 1136: 1135: 1130: 1112: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1101: 1073:the objects are 1066: 1064: 1063: 1058: 1056: 1055: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1001: 999: 998: 993: 961: 959: 958: 953: 937: 935: 934: 929: 927: 926: 910: 908: 907: 902: 900: 899: 880: 878: 877: 872: 840: 838: 837: 832: 764: 762: 761: 756: 689: 687: 686: 681: 651: 649: 648: 643: 613: 611: 610: 605: 577: 575: 574: 569: 551: 549: 548: 543: 507: 505: 504: 499: 470:In other words, 467: 465: 464: 459: 430: 427: 404: 401: 390: 387: 334:is the relation 333: 331: 330: 325: 307: 305: 304: 299: 275: 273: 272: 267: 225: 223: 222: 217: 203: 200: 182: 179: 157: 155: 154: 149: 131: 129: 128: 123: 105: 103: 102: 97: 59:relative product 40: 25:binary relations 6643: 6642: 6638: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6618:Algebraic logic 6608: 6607: 6606: 6601: 6597:Young's lattice 6453: 6381: 6320: 6170:Heyting algebra 6118:Boolean algebra 6090: 6071:Laver's theorem 6019: 5985:Boolean algebra 5980:Binary relation 5968: 5945: 5940: 5889: 5884: 5883: 5858:Gunther Schmidt 5856: 5852: 5815: 5811: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5782: 5778: 5770:13(4): 193–203 5762: 5758: 5748: 5746: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5720: 5716: 5711: 5707: 5702: 5698: 5686:Clarendon Press 5676: 5672: 5660: 5656: 5649:, page 6, from 5647:Wayback Machine 5637: 5633: 5622: 5606: 5602: 5591: 5587: 5574:Gunther Schmidt 5572: 5563: 5551:Kluwer Academic 5544: 5537: 5532: 5528: 5509: 5500: 5481: 5477: 5472: 5454: 5410: 5407: 5406: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5363: 5362: 5358: 5339: 5338: 5334: 5320: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5023: 5020: 5019: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4893: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4723: 4722: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4686: 4685: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4665: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4596: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4587: 4579: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4540: 4539: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4519: 4508: 4505: 4504: 4503:Left residual: 4489: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4410: 4409: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4357: 4356: 4342: 4341: 4334: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4274: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4208: 4207: 4197: 4196: 4192: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4121: 4120: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4094: 4093: 4087: 4075: 4074: 4060: 4059: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4026: 4023: 4022: 3996: 3995: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3943: 3939: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3894: 3890: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3854:complementation 3828: 3825: 3824: 3818:Boolean lattice 3801: 3798: 3797: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3767: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3523: 3522: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3333: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3022: 2988: 2987: 2976: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2944: 2943: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2555: 2552: 2551: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2293:that is, where 2263: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2167: 2154:neutral element 2137: 2134: 2133: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2021: 2018: 2017: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1811: 1810: 1806: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1681: 1655: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1623: 1619: 1610: 1606: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1533: 1532: 1517: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1436: 1435: 1417: 1416: 1401: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1222: 1207: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1091: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1045: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1007: 1004: 1003: 975: 972: 971: 968: 947: 944: 943: 922: 918: 916: 913: 912: 895: 891: 889: 886: 885: 857: 854: 853: 781: 778: 777: 738: 735: 734: 733:A small circle 724:category theory 712:Gunther Schmidt 696: 657: 654: 653: 619: 616: 615: 583: 580: 579: 557: 554: 553: 513: 510: 509: 475: 472: 471: 428: and  426: 400: 386: 339: 336: 335: 313: 310: 309: 281: 278: 277: 249: 246: 245: 242: 228:Beginning with 199: 178: 163: 160: 159: 137: 134: 133: 111: 108: 107: 85: 82: 81: 78:algebraic logic 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6641: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6588: 6587: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6555: 6554: 6553: 6543: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6524:Order morphism 6521: 6520: 6519: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6461: 6459: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6442:Locally convex 6439: 6434: 6424: 6422:Order topology 6419: 6418: 6417: 6415:Order topology 6412: 6402: 6392: 6390: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6328: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6308: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6262: 6261: 6251: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6227:Chain-complete 6219: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6115: 6110: 6104: 6102: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6027: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5939: 5938: 5931: 5924: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5870:Springer books 5850: 5838: 5835: 5829: 5826: 5821: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5794: 5776: 5756: 5731: 5714: 5705: 5696: 5678:John M. Howie 5670: 5654: 5631: 5620: 5600: 5593:Ernst Schroder 5585: 5582:Springer books 5561: 5535: 5526: 5498: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5460: 5453: 5450: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5394: 5372: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5348: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5323: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5282: 5262: 5234: 5223: 5194: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5059: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4957: 4954: 4935: 4932: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4750: 4749: 4736: 4732: 4718: 4715: 4705: 4700: 4693: 4690: 4676: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4635: 4622: 4610: 4603: 4600: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4567: 4554: 4547: 4544: 4530: 4522: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4488: 4485: 4471: 4451: 4429: 4424: 4417: 4414: 4400: 4393: 4390: 4370: 4364: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4346: 4332: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4243: 4221: 4215: 4212: 4206: 4195: 4188: 4185: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4150:Ernst Schröder 4134: 4128: 4125: 4119: 4108: 4101: 4098: 4082: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4064: 4050: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4013:represent the 3994: 3973: 3951: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3929: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3880: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3805: 3781: 3778: 3766: 3765:Schröder rules 3763: 3751: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3712: 3709: 3685: 3682: 3670: 3647: 3644: 3624: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3521: 3510: 3506: 3486: 3475: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3424: 3413: 3402:matrix product 3389: 3386: 3375: 3342: 3316: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3225:logical matrix 3212: 3192: 3172: 3152: 3149: 3125: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3079: 3059: 3056: 3036: 3033: 3021: 3018: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2983: 2980: 2973: 2953: 2939: 2936: 2905: 2902: 2891: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2805: 2780: 2771:Similarly, if 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2657: 2653: 2633: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2585: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2481: 2461: 2450: 2429: 2401: 2397: 2377: 2366: 2342: 2322: 2302: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2255: 2252: 2239:matrix product 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2141: 2117: 2097: 2077: 2066: 2055: 2052: 2032: 2029: 2025: 2001: 1981: 1970: 1959: 1956: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1905: 1885: 1874: 1867: 1851: 1840: 1836: 1824: 1820: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1753: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1680: 1677: 1658: 1653: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1602: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1567:has morphisms 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1498: 1470: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1434: 1431: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1378: 1358: 1330: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1250: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1187: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1139:are functions 1128: 1125: 1122: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1002:are morphisms 991: 988: 985: 982: 979: 967: 964: 951: 925: 921: 898: 894: 870: 867: 864: 861: 830: 827: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 788: 785: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 708:Ernst Schroder 704:infix notation 695: 692: 679: 676: 673: 670: 667: 664: 661: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 626: 623: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 567: 564: 561: 541: 538: 535: 532: 529: 526: 523: 520: 517: 497: 494: 491: 488: 485: 482: 479: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 433: 425: 422: 419: 416: 413: 410: 407: 399: 396: 393: 385: 382: 379: 376: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 358: 355: 352: 349: 346: 343: 323: 320: 317: 297: 294: 291: 288: 285: 265: 262: 259: 256: 253: 241: 238: 215: 212: 209: 206: 198: 195: 192: 189: 186: 176: 173: 170: 167: 147: 144: 141: 121: 118: 115: 95: 92: 89: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6640: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6586: 6583: 6582: 6581: 6578: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6559: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6547: 6546:Ordered field 6544: 6542: 6539: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6525: 6522: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6502:Hasse diagram 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6486: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6480:Comparability 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6456: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6384: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6352:Product order 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6325:Constructions 6323: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6222:Partial order 6220: 6218: 6215: 6211: 6210:Join and meet 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6108:Antisymmetric 6106: 6105: 6103: 6099: 6093: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6016: 6015:Weak ordering 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 6000:Partial order 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5937: 5932: 5930: 5925: 5923: 5918: 5917: 5914: 5907: 5906:3-11-015248-7 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5890: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5836: 5833: 5819: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5792: 5788: 5785: 5780: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5760: 5745: 5741: 5735: 5728: 5724: 5718: 5709: 5700: 5694: 5693:0-19-851194-9 5690: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5674: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5613: 5612: 5604: 5598: 5594: 5589: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5559: 5558:9789400920477 5555: 5552: 5548: 5542: 5540: 5530: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5513: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5496: 5492: 5489: 5485: 5479: 5475: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5440:operation of 5439: 5438: 5421: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5392: 5383: 5370: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5346: 5335: 5331: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5280: 5260: 5252: 5232: 5221: 5192: 5171: 5168: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5064: 5057: 5037: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5005: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4970: 4953: 4951: 4946: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4901: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4803: 4800: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4730: 4713: 4703: 4688: 4674: 4666: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4647: 4644: 4636: 4608: 4598: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4568: 4542: 4528: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4499:Definitions: 4497: 4494: 4484: 4482: 4469: 4449: 4427: 4412: 4398: 4391: 4388: 4368: 4359: 4353: 4344: 4330: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4241: 4232: 4219: 4210: 4204: 4193: 4183: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4155: 4151: 4146: 4132: 4123: 4117: 4106: 4096: 4077: 4071: 4062: 4048: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4020: 4016: 3992: 3971: 3962: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3927: 3916: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3855: 3839: 3833: 3823: 3819: 3803: 3795: 3779: 3776: 3762: 3749: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3710: 3707: 3699: 3683: 3680: 3668: 3658: 3645: 3642: 3622: 3617: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3524: 3519: 3508: 3504: 3484: 3473: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3438: 3422: 3411: 3403: 3387: 3384: 3373: 3364: 3340: 3332: 3327: 3314: 3309: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3236: 3226: 3210: 3190: 3170: 3150: 3147: 3139: 3123: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3077: 3057: 3054: 3034: 3031: 3017: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2978: 2971: 2951: 2934: 2921: 2919: 2903: 2900: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2872:In this case 2859: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2803: 2794: 2778: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2679: 2655: 2651: 2631: 2620: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2599: 2583: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2493: 2479: 2459: 2448: 2427: 2399: 2395: 2375: 2364: 2356: 2340: 2320: 2300: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2172: 2159: 2155: 2139: 2131: 2115: 2095: 2075: 2067: 2053: 2050: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2015: 1999: 1979: 1971: 1957: 1954: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1919: 1903: 1883: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1849: 1838: 1834: 1822: 1818: 1803: 1800: 1796: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1758: 1754: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1716: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1698: 1695: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1676: 1674: 1656: 1642: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1580: 1574: 1548: 1496: 1488: 1484: 1468: 1461: 1432: 1392: 1376: 1356: 1348: 1345: 1344:jointly monic 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1275: 1269: 1177: 1172: 1158: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1126: 1120: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1037: 1021: 1015: 1012: 1009: 989: 986: 983: 980: 977: 963: 949: 941: 923: 919: 896: 892: 882: 865: 862: 852: 851:Juxtaposition 848: 844: 825: 816: 813: 810: 804: 795: 789: 783: 776: 772: 768: 767:John M. Howie 749: 746: 743: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 691: 677: 674: 668: 665: 662: 639: 636: 630: 627: 624: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 565: 562: 559: 539: 536: 533: 530: 524: 521: 518: 495: 492: 489: 486: 483: 480: 477: 468: 455: 449: 446: 440: 437: 434: 423: 420: 414: 411: 408: 397: 394: 391: 383: 380: 377: 374: 371: 365: 362: 359: 350: 347: 344: 341: 321: 318: 315: 295: 292: 289: 286: 283: 263: 260: 257: 254: 251: 237: 235: 231: 226: 213: 210: 207: 204: 196: 193: 190: 187: 184: 174: 171: 168: 165: 145: 142: 139: 119: 116: 113: 93: 90: 87: 79: 75: 70: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 39: 35: 30: 26: 22: 6389:& Orders 6367:Star product 6331: 6296:Well-founded 6249:Prefix order 6205:Distributive 6195:Complemented 6165:Foundational 6130:Completeness 6086:Zorn's lemma 5990:Cyclic order 5973:Key concepts 5943:Order theory 5893: 5861: 5853: 5797: 5784:Vaughn Pratt 5779: 5759: 5749:26 September 5747:. Retrieved 5743: 5734: 5717: 5708: 5699: 5681: 5673: 5657: 5634: 5610: 5603: 5588: 5577: 5549:, page 121, 5546: 5529: 5511: 5483: 5478: 5435: 5384: 5293:is given by 5246: 4959: 4947: 4751: 4498: 4490: 4441: 4233: 4147: 4018: 3963: 3852:Recall that 3768: 3659: 3328: 3023: 2922: 2918:difunctional 2494: 2257: 2243: 2168: 2158:zero element 1641:finite field 1173: 1078: 1068: 969: 883: 846: 842: 732: 715: 697: 469: 243: 227: 71: 58: 54: 46: 42: 37: 33: 28: 18: 6573:Riesz space 6534:Isomorphism 6410:Normal cone 6332:Composition 6266:Semilattice 6175:Homogeneous 6160:Equivalence 6010:Total order 5868:vol. 2208, 5864:, page 26, 5665:§2.2, from 3820:ordered by 3203:is finite, 3163:Since both 2495:If for all 1686:associative 1673:ZX-calculus 614:(that is, 21:mathematics 6612:Categories 6541:Order type 6475:Cofinality 6316:Well-order 6291:Transitive 6180:Idempotent 6113:Asymmetric 5887:References 5772:Jstor link 5446:Join (SQL) 4493:operations 4152:, in fact 2920:relation. 2576:(that is, 2550:such that 2014:surjective 1679:Properties 1458:. Given a 1391:allegories 940:Z notation 771:semigroups 578:such that 240:Definition 6592:Upper set 6529:Embedding 6465:Antichain 6286:Tolerance 6276:Symmetric 6271:Semiorder 6217:Reflexive 6135:Connected 5817:− 5416:≥ 5347:∩ 5245:Then the 5166:→ 5160:× 5128:→ 5122:× 5087:× 5081:→ 5035:→ 5003:→ 4928:⊆ 4888:⊆ 4862:⊆ 4830:⊆ 4798:∖ 4792:⊆ 4766:⊆ 4735:¯ 4717:¯ 4704:∩ 4699:¯ 4692:¯ 4648:⁡ 4621:¯ 4602:¯ 4553:¯ 4546:¯ 4514:∖ 4487:Quotients 4423:¯ 4416:¯ 4392:⊆ 4363:¯ 4354:⊆ 4348:¯ 4319:⊆ 4287:⊆ 4268:⊆ 4214:¯ 4205:⊆ 4187:¯ 4170:⊆ 4127:¯ 4118:⊆ 4100:¯ 4081:¯ 4072:⊆ 4066:¯ 4035:⊆ 4019:transpose 3945:∁ 3931:¯ 3896:∁ 3888:⊆ 3883:∁ 3867:⊆ 3834:⊆ 3822:inclusion 3450:× 3090:given by 2982:¯ 2938:¯ 2883:⊆ 2851:∈ 2818:⊇ 2750:∈ 2691:⊆ 2532:∈ 2506:∈ 2353:with its 2275:× 2269:⊆ 2244:computing 2216:× 1918:injective 1617:⊕ 1604:⊆ 1578:→ 1433:≅ 1305:× 1299:⊆ 1273:→ 1156:→ 1124:→ 1019:→ 987:× 981:⊆ 950:∘ 920:∘ 893:∘ 814:∘ 747:∘ 720:coincides 700:semicolon 675:∈ 637:∈ 563:∈ 531:∈ 493:× 487:⊆ 447:∈ 421:∈ 395:∈ 378:× 372:∈ 293:× 287:⊆ 261:× 255:⊆ 234:syllogism 72:The word 67:functions 49:. In the 6387:Topology 6254:Preorder 6237:Eulerian 6200:Complete 6150:Directed 6140:Covering 6005:Preorder 5964:Category 5959:Glossary 5643:Archived 5452:See also 3816:forms a 2644:so that 2355:converse 1487:matrices 1349:between 1174:Given a 1036:category 843:reverses 6492:Duality 6470:Cofinal 6458:Related 6437:FrĂ©chet 6314:)  6190:Bounded 6185:Lattice 6158:)  6156:Partial 6024:Results 5995:Lattice 5789:, from 5680:(1995) 5595:(1895) 5434:is the 3913:In the 3696:is the 3465:matrix 3020:Example 2248:sorites 2152:is the 2016:, then 1920:, then 1034:in the 19:In the 6517:Subnet 6497:Filter 6447:Normed 6432:Banach 6398:& 6305:Better 6242:Strict 6232:Graded 6123:topics 5954:Topics 5904:  5876:  5831:  5727:U+2A1F 5723:U+2A3E 5691:  5618:  5556:  5521:  5493:  5350:  5326:  5318:  4950:Sudoku 2795:then 2440:) and 2130:monoid 841:which 702:as an 27:, the 6507:Ideal 6485:Graph 6281:Total 6259:Total 6145:Dense 5470:Notes 5050:into 3136:is a 3116:when 2791:is a 2676:is a 2596:is a 1489:over 1460:field 1347:spans 1067:. In 74:uncle 6098:list 5902:ISBN 5874:ISBN 5751:2023 5744:nlab 5725:and 5721:See 5689:ISBN 5616:ISBN 5554:ISBN 5519:ISBN 5491:ISBN 5437:join 5308:< 5273:and 5249:fork 5213:and 5143:and 5065:< 5018:and 4971:< 3329:The 3183:and 3024:Let 2472:(on 2420:(on 2313:and 2205:and 2012:are 1992:and 1916:are 1896:and 1755:The 1369:and 1075:sets 911:and 698:The 652:and 276:and 45:and 6512:Net 6312:Pre 5253:of 4645:syq 4462:by 4276:and 3964:If 3796:on 3700:on 3140:of 2680:or 2492:). 2250:." 2108:to 1972:If 1876:If 1786:is 1759:of 1320:in 1080:Set 1070:Rel 690:). 244:If 158:). 23:of 6614:: 5872:, 5742:. 5580:, 5564:^ 5538:^ 5501:^ 5448:. 5322::= 4952:. 4667::= 4589::= 4521::= 4483:. 2225:1. 1688:: 1509:, 1171:. 942:: 730:. 69:. 61:. 36:; 6310:( 6307:) 6303:( 6154:( 6101:) 5935:e 5928:t 5921:v 5908:. 5900:, 5837:. 5834:l 5828:) 5825:) 5820:1 5813:M 5809:n 5753:. 5624:. 5422:, 5419:2 5413:n 5393:n 5371:. 5365:T 5360:b 5356:; 5353:d 5341:T 5336:a 5332:; 5329:c 5315:d 5311:) 5305:( 5301:c 5281:d 5261:c 5233:. 5227:T 5222:b 5198:T 5193:a 5172:, 5169:B 5163:B 5157:A 5154:: 5151:b 5131:A 5125:B 5119:A 5116:: 5113:a 5093:. 5090:B 5084:A 5078:H 5075:: 5072:d 5068:) 5062:( 5058:c 5038:B 5032:H 5029:: 5026:d 5006:A 5000:H 4997:: 4994:c 4974:) 4968:( 4934:. 4931:D 4925:C 4922:Y 4902:, 4899:C 4895:/ 4891:D 4885:Y 4865:D 4859:C 4856:Y 4836:. 4833:B 4827:X 4824:A 4804:. 4801:B 4795:A 4789:X 4769:B 4763:X 4760:A 4731:F 4725:T 4714:E 4689:F 4680:T 4675:E 4663:) 4660:F 4657:, 4654:E 4651:( 4614:T 4609:C 4599:D 4585:C 4581:/ 4577:D 4543:B 4534:T 4529:A 4517:B 4511:A 4470:R 4450:S 4428:, 4413:S 4404:T 4399:R 4389:X 4369:, 4360:X 4345:S 4336:T 4331:R 4322:S 4316:X 4313:R 4293:. 4290:S 4284:R 4281:X 4271:S 4265:X 4262:R 4242:X 4220:. 4211:L 4199:T 4194:M 4184:N 4173:N 4167:M 4164:L 4133:. 4124:Q 4112:T 4107:R 4097:S 4078:R 4063:S 4054:T 4049:Q 4038:S 4032:R 4029:Q 3998:T 3993:S 3972:S 3950:. 3941:A 3937:= 3928:A 3901:. 3892:A 3879:B 3870:B 3864:A 3840:. 3837:) 3831:( 3804:V 3780:, 3777:V 3750:. 3744:T 3739:R 3735:; 3731:R 3711:, 3708:B 3684:R 3681:; 3674:T 3669:R 3646:. 3643:A 3623:. 3618:) 3612:1 3607:1 3602:1 3597:1 3590:1 3585:1 3580:0 3575:0 3568:1 3563:0 3558:1 3553:0 3546:1 3541:0 3536:0 3531:1 3525:( 3520:= 3514:T 3509:R 3505:R 3485:R 3479:T 3474:R 3453:3 3447:3 3423:R 3417:T 3412:R 3388:R 3385:; 3379:T 3374:R 3346:T 3341:R 3315:. 3310:) 3304:1 3299:1 3294:1 3287:1 3282:0 3277:0 3270:0 3265:1 3260:0 3253:0 3248:0 3243:1 3237:( 3211:R 3191:B 3171:A 3151:. 3148:a 3124:b 3104:b 3101:R 3098:a 3078:R 3058:= 3055:B 3035:= 3032:A 3005:. 3002:R 2999:= 2996:R 2990:T 2979:R 2972:R 2952:R 2946:T 2935:R 2904:. 2901:R 2895:T 2890:R 2886:R 2880:R 2860:. 2857:} 2854:B 2848:x 2845:: 2842:) 2839:x 2836:, 2833:x 2830:( 2827:{ 2824:= 2821:I 2815:R 2809:T 2804:R 2779:R 2759:. 2756:} 2753:A 2747:x 2744:: 2741:) 2738:x 2735:, 2732:x 2729:( 2726:{ 2703:T 2698:R 2694:R 2688:I 2661:T 2656:R 2652:R 2632:x 2626:T 2621:R 2617:R 2614:x 2611:, 2608:x 2584:R 2564:y 2561:R 2558:x 2538:, 2535:B 2529:y 2509:A 2503:x 2480:B 2460:R 2454:T 2449:R 2428:A 2405:T 2400:R 2396:R 2376:, 2370:T 2365:R 2341:R 2321:B 2301:A 2281:; 2278:B 2272:A 2266:R 2222:= 2219:1 2213:1 2193:1 2190:= 2187:1 2184:+ 2181:1 2160:. 2140:X 2116:X 2096:X 2076:X 2054:. 2051:S 2031:S 2028:; 2024:R 2000:S 1980:R 1958:. 1955:R 1935:S 1932:; 1928:R 1904:S 1884:R 1866:. 1850:. 1844:T 1839:R 1835:; 1828:T 1823:S 1819:= 1813:T 1808:) 1804:S 1801:; 1797:R 1794:( 1774:S 1771:; 1767:R 1741:. 1738:T 1735:; 1732:) 1729:S 1726:; 1723:R 1720:( 1717:= 1714:) 1711:T 1708:; 1705:S 1702:( 1699:; 1696:R 1657:2 1652:F 1625:m 1621:k 1612:n 1608:k 1601:R 1581:m 1575:n 1555:) 1552:) 1549:k 1546:( 1541:t 1538:a 1535:M 1530:( 1525:l 1522:e 1519:R 1497:k 1469:k 1444:l 1441:e 1438:R 1430:) 1425:t 1422:e 1419:S 1414:( 1409:l 1406:e 1403:R 1377:Y 1357:X 1329:X 1308:Y 1302:X 1296:R 1276:Y 1270:X 1249:X 1228:) 1224:X 1220:( 1215:l 1212:e 1209:R 1186:X 1159:Y 1153:X 1150:: 1147:f 1127:Y 1121:X 1099:l 1096:e 1093:R 1053:l 1050:e 1047:R 1022:Y 1016:X 1013:: 1010:R 990:Y 984:X 978:R 924:r 897:l 869:) 866:S 863:R 860:( 829:) 826:x 823:( 820:) 817:f 811:g 808:( 805:= 802:) 799:) 796:x 793:( 790:f 787:( 784:g 753:) 750:S 744:R 741:( 678:S 672:) 669:z 666:, 663:y 660:( 640:R 634:) 631:y 628:, 625:x 622:( 602:z 598:S 594:y 590:R 586:x 566:Y 560:y 540:S 537:; 534:R 528:) 525:z 522:, 519:x 516:( 496:Z 490:X 484:S 481:; 478:R 456:. 453:} 450:S 444:) 441:z 438:, 435:y 432:( 424:R 418:) 415:y 412:, 409:x 406:( 398:Y 392:y 384:: 381:Z 375:X 369:) 366:z 363:, 360:x 357:( 354:{ 351:= 348:S 345:; 342:R 322:S 319:; 316:R 296:Z 290:Y 284:S 264:Y 258:X 252:R 214:. 211:z 208:U 205:x 197:z 194:P 191:y 188:B 185:x 175:P 172:B 169:= 166:U 146:z 143:P 140:y 120:y 117:B 114:x 94:z 91:U 88:x 47:S 43:R 38:S 34:R

Index

mathematics
binary relations
calculus of relations
Function composition
functions
uncle
algebraic logic
Augustus De Morgan
syllogism
semicolon
infix notation
Ernst Schroder
Gunther Schmidt
coincides
category theory
dynamic semantics
John M. Howie
semigroups
composition of functions
Juxtaposition
Z notation
category
Rel
sets
Set
regular category
jointly monic
spans
allegories
field

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑