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Compton used this measured drift velocity to determine his latitude to within 3% accuracy. He also used it to measure the rotational period of earth to an accuracy of 16 minutes per day (accuracy of 1%). By careful methods he could observe the effect in a ring with a radius of only 9 inches (23 cm).
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A Compton generator is a circular hollow glass ring tube shaped like a doughnut, the inside of which is filled with water. If the ring lies flat on the table, the water in the ring is stationary, and it is then turned over by rotating itself 180 degree around a diameter, such that it again lies flat
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on the table surface, which is horizontal. The result of the experiment is that the water moves with a certain constant drift velocity around the tube after the doughnut has been rotated. If there were no friction with the walls, the water would continue to circulate indefinitely.
158:
Initially the ring is horizontal and the water is stationary. Second the ring is then quickly rotated by 180° around its East-West diameter and stopped, such that it again lies flat on the table surface, which is horizontal. At this time, the velocity
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The ring used in the initial experiment was made of one inch brass tubing bent into a circle eighteen inches in diameter, where the windows were placed the tube was constricted to a diameter of about 3/8 inches (9.5 mm).
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Arthur
Compton was experimenting by the Compton Generator. The box is constructed out of asbestos to minimize the temperature differential across the ring, which causes errors since it creates
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around the ring, then integrating the torque over the time it takes for the ring to flip, to obtain the change in angular momentum.
27:. There is a further screen of asbestos in front of Compton in order to prevent his breath from hitting the box of asbestos.
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669:(1915). "A determination of latitude, Azimuth, and the length of the day independent of astronomical observations".
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A determination of latitude, Azimuth, and the length of the day independent of astronomical observations 1915
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Compton used small droplets of coal oil mixed in the water to measure the drift velocity under a microscope.
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518:"Analysis of the Undergraduate Research Movement: Origins, Developments, and Current Challenges"
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Assume the diameter of the glass tube is much smaller than the diameter of the ring, and
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Note that a rotation from the vertical to the vertical position produces the velocity
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381:/second. In the original report, Compton used a ring of 1 meter in radius at the
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385:(latitude 41 degrees). This would translate to a velocity of about
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A laboratory method of demonstrating the Earth's rotation 1913
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627:"A laboratory method of demonstrating the Earth's rotation"
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This is derived by first integrating the torque due to the
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in 1927) published it during his fourth year at the
436:{\displaystyle v_{th}\approx 0.1\mathrm {mm/sec} }
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39:is an apparatus for experiment to demonstrate the
16:Physics apparatus to demonstrate rotation of Earth
336:With these two equations, one can solve for both
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732:
561:
464:
751:
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576:"Experimental Proofs of the Earth's Rotation"
320:{\displaystyle v_{tv}=2\omega R\cos \lambda }
235:{\displaystyle v_{th}=2\omega R\sin \lambda }
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522:Council on Undergraduate Research Quarterly
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719:10.1038/scientificamerican03271915-196supp
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274:of the water in the tube is given by
189:of the water in the tube is given by
774:. S.Chand & Company Ltd. 2000.
574:McKinney, William M. (April 1962).
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516:Karukstis, Kerry K. (2020-12-01).
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75:Construction of Compton generator.
14:
810:
355:{\displaystyle \omega ,\lambda }
772:Blackie's Dictionary of Physics
610:
489:Blackie's Dictionary of Physics
135:is the Earth rotation rate and
737:. Cambridge University Press.
707:Scientific American Supplement
567:
509:
1:
756:. S.Chand & Company Ltd.
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703:"Watching the Earth revolve"
7:
115:is the radius of the ring,
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10:
815:
651:10.1126/science.37.960.803
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592:10.1080/00221346208982136
366:Experimental verification
752:Taylor, John R. (2005).
726:
148:{\displaystyle \lambda }
67:Explanation of apparatus
733:Hand, Louis N. (1999).
128:{\displaystyle \omega }
549:, p. 110&111.
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267:{\displaystyle v_{tv}}
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183:
182:{\displaystyle v_{th}}
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57:Nobel Prize in Physics
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713:(2047supp): 196–197.
699:Compton, Arthur Holly
691:10.1103/PhysRev.5.109
667:Compton, Arthur Holly
623:Compton, Arthur Holly
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735:Analytical Mechanics
580:Journal of Geography
562:Analytical Mechanics
465:Analytical Mechanics
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25:convectional current
799:Physics experiments
754:Classical Mechanics
683:1915PhRv....5..109C
643:1913Sci....37..803C
534:10.18833/spur/3/2/8
477:Classical Mechanics
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383:College of Wooster
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61:College of Wooster
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155:is the latitude.
108:{\displaystyle R}
45:Foucault pendulum
43:, similar to the
33:Compton generator
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677:(2): 109–117.
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586:(4): 171–174.
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377:is 7.3 × 10
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37:Compton tube
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447:References
600:0022-1341
406:≈
350:λ
344:ω
315:λ
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303:ω
230:λ
227:
218:ω
143:λ
123:ω
63:in 1913.
51:devices.
49:gyroscope
793:Category
701:(1915).
659:17838837
625:(1913).
91:Analysis
679:Bibcode
639:Bibcode
631:Science
616:Journal
379:radians
47:and to
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739:ISBN
655:PMID
596:ISSN
715:doi
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409:0.1
309:cos
224:sin
35:or
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31:A
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103:R
55:(
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