104:
165:
180:
29:
195:
1730:
1740:
122:; for most of that period, the British dominated the sport, winning 12 out of the next 16 championships. Many of the first CDs were developed during the 1930s by teams from Great Britain, some of which have been used by ice dance teams throughout the history of the sport. The CD's prominence in ice dance slowly declined; in 1952, CDs accounted for 60% of the total points dancers could earn, but when the
141:, the change was also made because "the compulsory dances were not very attractive for spectators and television". The SD had to incorporate a compulsory element in which each dance team must perform the same two patterns of a set pattern dance. Its rhythms and themes are determined beforehand by the ISU. The ice dancers are judged on how well they integrate the pattern dance into the entire SD.
94:
Ice dancers performed the same pattern around the rink once or twice, to the same step sequences and the same standardized tempo. The competitors were then scored based on their execution of the various elements of the dance. The CD allowed the judges to compare the technical skills of each dancer.
59:
competitions in which all the competing couples perform the same standardized steps and holds to the music of a specified tempo and genre. One or more compulsory dances were usually skated as the first phase of ice dancing
83:. The prominence of the CD in ice dance slowly declined, until it was removed and replaced by the SD in 2011, the year that the ISU voted to restructure ice dance competitions by removing the compulsory dance and
1264:
137:(IOC) to decrease the number of segments from three to two "for some time", the ISU voted to remove the CD from competitions, replacing it with the SD. According to then-ISU president
646:
1662:
805:
783:
79:
The first CDs were developed during the 1930s by teams from Great
Britain, who dominated ice dance for most of the early years after the sport was contested at the
593:
68:(ISU) junior and senior level competition. In June 2010, the ISU replaced the name "compulsory dance" with "pattern dance" for ice dance, and merged it into the
845:
1652:
1254:
983:
1657:
1555:
209:
The dances that have been performed in junior and senior international competition include the following, which is not a comprehensive list:
714:
1249:
1193:
925:
744:
1622:
1462:
20:
1617:
1223:
1218:
638:
1647:
1637:
1110:
953:
867:
1213:
145:
119:
80:
679:
1627:
1188:
988:
914:
812:
775:
1642:
1178:
1632:
1202:
1183:
461:
604:
1596:
1581:
1325:
73:
1764:
1198:
1013:
1743:
134:
837:
164:
1259:
1122:
868:"Pattern Dance Scale of Values with Sequences/Sections for Pattern Dances Judged Using IJS with NO Key Points"
28:
1523:
1300:
514:
187:
978:
946:
179:
103:
1586:
1503:
1232:
973:
532:
65:
1601:
1457:
1038:
61:
1018:
1576:
1733:
939:
722:
921:
752:
130:
was removed from women's and men's single figure skating, CDs were decreased from three to two.
1518:
1295:
1147:
88:
1228:
1208:
1043:
1571:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1084:
194:
8:
1513:
1033:
1028:
569:
465:
878:
1769:
1105:
1048:
497:
457:
127:
910:
671:
138:
1686:
536:
423:
149:
107:
1679:
1117:
528:
419:
198:
172:
1402:
1376:
1137:
1069:
962:
493:
489:
444:
168:
123:
84:
64:. The 2009–10 season was the final season in which the segment was included in
52:
1758:
1371:
1320:
436:
153:
111:
1700:
1693:
1591:
1508:
1452:
1442:
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1392:
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1142:
1127:
1089:
1074:
1023:
510:
415:
202:
32:
928:
on 18 July 2018. Colorado
Springs, Colorado. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
126:(OD) was added in 1967, it replaced the second CD. In 1988, the same year
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69:
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1432:
1414:
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440:
36:
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1351:
1341:
1079:
156:
from Italy being the last dance team to perform a CD in competition.
56:
1545:
1409:
1482:
931:
811:. Havířov, Czech Republic: Kraso Club of Havířov. Archived from
148:
was the last event to include a CD (the Golden Waltz), with
549:
Roy
Bradshaw, Sue Bradshaw, Mark Bradshaw, Julie MacDonald
175:
on a backward outside edge as they perform the Yankee Polka
114:
751:. San Diego Figure Skating Communications. Archived from
118:Ice dance was contested for the first time at the
645:. Associated Press. 9 June 1988. p. D00025.
87:(OD) and replacing them with the short dance and
1756:
922:"The 2010 Official U.S. Figure Skating Rulebook"
1556:World Professional Figure Skating Championships
947:
19:For the artistic roller skating segment, see
954:
940:
798:
21:Compulsory dance (artistic roller skating)
838:"Pattern Dance Descriptions & Charts"
773:
666:
664:
708:
706:
193:
178:
163:
102:
27:
907:Historical Dictionary of Figure Skating
749:Ice Skating Information & Resources
622:
1757:
774:Zuckerman, Esther (14 February 2014).
721:. No. August 2011. Archived from
661:
935:
909:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press.
719:International Figure Skating Magazine
703:
360:Reginald J. Wilkie, Daphne B. Wallis
349:Reginald B. Wilkie, Daphne B. Wallis
305:Reginald J. Wilkie, Daphne B. Wallis
16:Segment in an ice dancing competition
1739:
786:from the original on 11 January 2020
737:
713:Kany, Klaus-Reinhold (9 July 2011).
712:
478:Susi Handschmann, Peter Handschmann
404:Courtney J. L. Jones, Peri V. Horne
393:Courtney J. L. Jones, Peri V. Horne
639:"No More Figures In Figure Skating"
13:
961:
767:
568:List taken from ice-dance.com and
14:
1781:
1597:World Figure Skating Hall of Fame
1326:Competition elements in ice dance
974:International Skating Union (ISU)
848:from the original on 29 June 2019
682:from the original on 13 July 2017
649:from the original on 26 June 2018
591:
517:, Laurie Palmer, Steven Belanger
1738:
1729:
1728:
1663:Highest historical junior scores
776:"A Quick GIF Guide to Ice Dance"
594:"A Brief History of Ice Dancing"
860:
830:
562:
382:Eric van der Weyden, Eva Keats
338:Eric van der Weyden, Eva Keats
327:Eric van der Weyden, Eva Keats
294:Eric van der Weyden, Eva Keats
135:International Olympic Committee
899:
745:"Partnered Ice Dancing Events"
694:
631:
585:
190:performing the Argentine Tango
1:
1194:Four Continents Championships
579:
133:In 2010, after urging by the
98:
74:2010–11 figure skating season
920:U.S. Figure Skating (2009).
877:. March 2013. Archived from
555:
316:Robert Dench, Lesley Turner
273:Paul Krechkow, Trudy Harris
7:
603:. p. 2. Archived from
120:World Championships in 1952
66:International Skating Union
39:performing the Golden Waltz
10:
1786:
1633:Figure skaters (ice dance)
1602:World Figure Sport Society
1260:Junior World Challenge Cup
1255:World Junior Championships
1224:World Junior Championships
18:
1724:
1671:
1653:Highest historical scores
1610:
1564:
1536:
1491:
1423:
1385:
1334:
1288:
1277:
1242:
1169:
1160:
1098:
1062:
1006:
997:
969:
220:
217:
214:
159:
1577:Doping in figure skating
905:Hines, James R. (2011).
715:"The Short Dance Debate"
146:2010 World Championships
81:1952 World Championships
1765:Figure skating elements
205:performing the Finnstep
1628:Figure skaters (pairs)
1623:Figure skaters (women)
1296:Choreographic sequence
1189:European Championships
989:Records and statistics
206:
191:
176:
115:
72:(SD) beginning in the
40:
1658:Highest junior scores
197:
182:
167:
106:
47:(CD), now called the
31:
1618:Figure skaters (men)
1572:Adult figure skating
1243:Synchronized skating
1085:Synchronized skating
979:National federations
1250:World Championships
1219:Youth Olympic Games
1184:World Championships
806:"Dance Format 2011"
672:"ISU Congress News"
570:U.S. Figure Skating
466:Elena Tchaikovskaia
51:, is a part of the
1492:Moves in the field
1111:Demise and revival
1106:Compulsory figures
1049:ISU Judging System
884:on 24 October 2018
818:on 22 October 2020
643:The New York Times
498:Sergei Ponomarenko
462:Aleksandr Gorshkov
458:Lyudmila Pakhomova
430:Ravensburger Waltz
207:
192:
177:
128:compulsory figures
116:
41:
1752:
1751:
1532:
1531:
1426:and basic strokes
1289:Required elements
1273:
1272:
1265:Challenger Series
1229:Junior Grand Prix
1214:World Team Trophy
1209:Challenger Series
1156:
1155:
1014:Glossary of terms
915:978-0-8108-6859-5
553:
552:
504:Cha Cha Congelado
376:Westminster Waltz
139:Ottavio Cinquanta
1777:
1742:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1687:The Cutting Edge
1473:
1448:
1286:
1285:
1167:
1166:
1133:Compulsory dance
1004:
1003:
956:
949:
942:
933:
932:
924:. Archived from
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889:
883:
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864:
858:
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855:
853:
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828:
827:
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755:on 1 August 2020
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678:. 20 June 2010.
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537:Martin Skotnicky
424:Ronald Ludington
218:First performed
212:
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150:Federica Faiella
108:Federica Faiella
45:compulsory dance
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1784:
1780:
1779:
1778:
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1774:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1720:
1680:Blades of Glory
1667:
1606:
1582:Country changes
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1538:
1528:
1487:
1471:
1446:
1425:
1419:
1381:
1330:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1238:
1171:
1170:Singles, pairs
1162:
1152:
1118:Special figures
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1058:
999:
993:
984:World Standings
965:
960:
902:
897:
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870:
866:
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861:
851:
849:
836:
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725:on 22 July 2011
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601:Ice Dancers.com
596:
592:Elton, Cheryl.
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586:
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577:
576:
567:
563:
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529:Susanna Rahkamo
451:Tango Romantica
420:Judy Schwomeyer
398:Starlight Waltz
371:Walter Gregory
299:Argentine Tango
262:Karl Schreiter
232:Franz Schöller
199:Anna Cappellini
173:Sergei Novitski
162:
101:
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1648:Highest scores
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1638:Olympic venues
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1377:Quadruple jump
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1138:Original dance
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1070:Single skating
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963:Figure skating
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610:on 16 May 2021
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543:Midnight Blues
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494:Marina Klimova
490:Natalia Dubova
487:
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472:Austrian Waltz
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169:Jana Khokhlova
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124:original dance
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188:Charlie White
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154:Massimo Scali
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112:Massimo Scali
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49:pattern dance
46:
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26:
22:
1713:
1706:
1701:Spinning Out
1699:
1694:Ice Princess
1692:
1685:
1678:
1643:Competitions
1592:Kiss and cry
1537:Professional
1524:Spread eagle
1509:Hydroblading
1483:Twizzle turn
1453:Counter turn
1443:Choctaw turn
1438:Bracket turn
1424:Steps, turns
1398:Layback spin
1393:Upright spin
1367:Salchow jump
1301:Death spiral
1163:competitions
1143:Rhythm dance
1132:
1128:Free skating
1090:Four skating
1075:Pair skating
1024:Figure skate
926:the original
906:
886:. Retrieved
879:the original
874:
862:
852:28 September
850:. Retrieved
841:
832:
820:. Retrieved
813:the original
800:
788:. Retrieved
780:The Atlantic
779:
769:
757:. Retrieved
753:the original
748:
739:
727:. Retrieved
723:the original
718:
700:Hines, p. 91
696:
684:. Retrieved
675:
651:. Retrieved
642:
633:
628:Hines, p. 12
624:
612:. Retrieved
605:the original
600:
587:
564:
511:Bernard Ford
483:Golden Waltz
416:James Sladky
409:Yankee Polka
387:Silver Samba
226:Fourteenstep
208:
203:Luca Lanotte
143:
132:
117:
93:
78:
62:competitions
48:
44:
42:
33:Tessa Virtue
25:
1708:Yuri on Ice
1551:Ice theatre
1499:Besti squat
1478:Rocker turn
1468:Mohawk turn
1063:Disciplines
1039:Competition
998:Competitive
900:Works cited
822:7 September
790:7 September
759:7 September
729:7 September
686:7 September
614:7 September
533:Petri Kokko
291:before 1900
240:before 1900
184:Meryl Davis
70:short dance
55:segment of
1759:Categories
1715:Zero Chill
1587:Grand Slam
1504:Cantilever
1433:Three turn
1415:Camel spin
1347:Euler jump
1199:Grand Prix
1148:Free dance
1054:6.0 system
888:17 October
653:15 October
580:References
441:Erich Buck
343:Paso Doble
99:Background
89:free dance
37:Scott Moir
1770:Ice dance
1546:Ice shows
1514:Ina Bauer
1463:Loop turn
1458:Crossover
1362:Lutz jump
1357:Loop jump
1352:Flip jump
1342:Axel jump
1280:and other
1080:Ice dance
875:usfsa.org
556:Footnotes
354:Quickstep
221:Creators
57:ice dance
1734:Category
1410:Sit spin
1278:Elements
1099:Segments
846:Archived
784:Archived
680:Archived
647:Archived
522:Finnstep
1744:Commons
1539:skating
1019:History
1007:General
1000:skating
278:Foxtrot
1519:Spiral
1472:
1447:
1044:Season
913:
365:Rhumba
256:Kilian
160:Dances
91:(FD).
1611:Lists
1565:Other
1474:step)
1449:step)
1386:Spins
1335:Jumps
1316:Spins
1311:Lifts
1306:Jumps
1282:moves
1233:Final
1203:Final
882:(PDF)
871:(PDF)
816:(PDF)
809:(PDF)
608:(PDF)
597:(PDF)
310:Blues
267:Tango
215:Name
1034:Club
1029:Rink
911:ISBN
890:2019
854:2022
824:2022
792:2022
761:2022
731:2022
688:2022
655:2019
616:2022
546:2001
525:1995
507:1989
486:1987
475:1979
454:1974
433:1973
412:1969
401:1963
390:1963
379:1938
368:1938
357:1938
346:1938
335:1934
324:1934
313:1934
302:1934
281:1933
270:1932
259:1909
229:1889
201:and
186:and
171:and
152:and
144:The
110:and
43:The
35:and
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1470:(C
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