1846:
30:
1270:(Hongkew), and on 9 November 1937 the Chinese city of Shanghai, but only on 8 December 1941 would Japanese troops occupy the International Settlement (but not the French concession); it was dissolved by Japan in 1942. In February 1943 the settlement is officially abolished by the U.S. and Britain; in September 1945, the last territory is restored to China.
131:, is governed by municipal, not international, law. Sometimes the term "quasi-international lease" is used for leases between states when less than full sovereignty over a territory is involved. A true international lease, or "political" lease, involves the transfer of sovereignty for a specified period of time. Although they may have the same character as
1401:) met in Paris in August 1945, concluding a temporary Anglo-French Agreement of 31 August 1945, in which the two powers made arrangements for the re-establishment of the Zone's international institutional framework, inviting the United States and the Soviet Union to join it, passing both of them to be present in the city government.
353:, since 17 November 1843 a Treaty Port); on 27 November 1848, this concession was expanded, but on 21 September 1863 (after the 1862 proposal to make Shanghai an independent "free city" was rejected) an International Settlement in Shanghai was created by union of the American and British concessions (consummated in December 1863).
855:: around 1552–1553, the Portuguese obtained permission to establish a settlement as a reward for defeating pirates and to mediate in trade between China and Japan and between both nations and Europe; it was leased from the empire of China from 1670. The concession turned into a Portuguese colony in the mid-19th century. The
419:(Tientsin), in which the trade centred, was situated on the right bank of the river Peiho below the native city, occupying some 200 acres (0.81 km). It was held on a lease in perpetuity granted by the Chinese government to the British Crown, which sublet plots to private owners in the same way as at
98:
act by which a State transfers the exercise of rights or functions proper to itself to a foreign private test which, in turn, participates in the performance of public functions and thus gains a privileged position vis-a-vis other private law subjects within the jurisdiction of the State concerned."
1107:
on 22 July 1878, and permitted them to set up a small garrison on Siasi Island and in the town of Jolo. These areas were only partially controlled by the
Spanish, and their power was limited to only military stations and garrisons and pockets of civilian settlements. Causing Overbeck to lose his
126:
by the owner-State to another State. In such cases, sovereignty is, for the term of the lease, transferred to the lessee State." The term "international lease" is sometimes also used to describe any leasing of property by one state to another or to a foreign national, but the normal leasing of
1072:
Since 2015 after the Donbas and Crimea invasion Russia agreed to lease 300,000 hectares to China for 50 years for $ 449 million US dollars. The lease can be extended in 2018 if the first stage from 2015 to 2018 was successful. Russia needed the
Chinese funds to replace a shortfall caused by
2264:"Spain - Convention regarding the Organisation of the Tangier Zone, with Protocol relating to Two Dahirs concerning the Administration of the Tangier Zone and the Organisation of International Jurisdiction at Tangier, signed at Paris, December 18, 1923 [1924] LNTSer 187; 28 LNTS 541"
1176:
was created by union of the
American and British concessions (consummated December 1863); in 1896 the concession was expanded. On 7 July 1927, a Chinese city government of Greater Shanghai was formally established. Its internationality can be seen in the flag of the Ministry of Industry and
550:. After China's defeat in that war, Korea (now with Japanese support) declared the unequal treaties with Qing China to be void, and unilaterally withdrew the extraterritoriality and other powers granted to China in respect of the concessions. The concessions were formally abolished in 1898.
211:(since 17 November 1843 a Treaty Port) established, until on 21 September 1863 (after the 1862 Proposal to make Shanghai an independent "free city" was rejected) an International Settlement in Shanghai was created by union of the American and British concessions (consummated December 1863).
2326:"Spain - Agreement revising the Convention of December 18, 1923, relating to the Organisation of the Statute of the Tangier Zone and Agreement, Special Provisions, Notes and Final Protocol relating thereto. Signed at Paris, July 25, 1928 [1929] LNTSer 68; 87 LNTS 211"
1361:, then estranged from the international system. Italy's demand to join the international framework on a par with the signatories of the Paris Convention was supported by Spain from 1926, then by the UK, and a new conference eventually started in Paris in March 1928. Then,
1128:
to cement
Spanish influence over the islands of the Philippines. In the same agreement, Spain relinquished all claim to North Borneo, which had belonged to the sultanate in the past, to the British government. Dividing Borneo in a Spanish and a British concession of the
1245:
were also part of the international concession. The ROC government refused to grant treaty rights to new countries after World War I, such as
Germany, Austria and Hungary (formerly the Austro-Hungarian and German Empire, whose privileges were abolished after 1918),
226:. These are located in Belgium, Cuba, France, Gibraltar, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, Panama, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, South Korea, Tunisia, and the United Kingdom. The most popular sites among these are the
144:
In 1850, the United States and Brunei signed a commercial treaty, which was activated in 1865. Out of this agreement, C.L. Moses, the then US First Consul to the sultanate, was able to secure a lease of a large territorial concession in North Borneo, founding the
1972:
1329:: Under the Paris Convention, Tangier was made a neutral zone under joint administration by the participating countries (Spain, France and UK). The Paris Convention was proposed for ratification to the other powers that were party to the
2090:
1931:"Соглашение между Российской Федерацией и Сирийской Арабской Республикой о размещении авиационной группы Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации на территории Сирийской Арабской Республики от 26 августа 2015 - docs.CNTD.ru"
1077:. The Transbaikal region borders with China, and the lease agreement stirred up a maelstrom of controversy and anxiety in Russia. China will send a massive influx of Chinese workers to settle and work in the area.
1047:, Soviet troops were forced to evacuate Hanko in early December 1941, and the USSR formally renounced the lease—early given the original term until 1970—in the Paris peace treaty of 1947. The role of the
231:
198:
817:
629:
2082:
1692:
1651:
606:
1266:. Russia waived its rights for Soviet political expediency. China declared that Belgium had lost its rights in 1927. In January/February 1931, the Japanese occupied the
1714:
The
Indonesia-Malaysia Dispute Concerning Sovereignty over Sipadan and Ligitan Islands : Historical Antecedents and the International Court of Justice Judgment
1069:
is leased to the
Russian government for a period of 49 years, with the Russian government having extraterritorial jurisdiction over the air base and its personnel.
409:
2164:
1074:
111:
state. There may, however, be a law of succession for such concessions, whereby the concession is continued even when the conceding state ceases to exist.
335:
2140:
2204:
1055:
another
Finnish peninsula, a bit farther east at the Gulf of Finland, in the armistice between Finland and the Soviet Union of 19 September 1944; the
514:, contains an impressive monument to the fallen, a museum and extensive re-creations of the wartime trench system, preserved tunnels and cemeteries.
1059:
was returned to
Finland in January 1956. In both cases, the Soviets limited themselves to a military command, without any civilian administration.
2399:
2002:
1506:
1382:
1313:
and other eight countries signed the "Gulangyu delimitation charter" in the
Gulangyu Japanese Consulate. Subsequently, in January 1903, the
380:
to territories in northern Borneo, conditional on the successful renewal of the concessions from local authorities. Overbeck was appointed
1956:
1753:
1113:
1866:
1861:
1483:
1676:
1635:
510:
under the understanding that the Canadians were to use the land to establish a battlefield park and memorial. The park, known as the
334:(comprising areas north of Kowloon along with 230 small islands) were leased from China for 99 years as a leased territory under the
2271:
2333:
984:, Portuguese ships are prohibited from entering Japan. Consequently, the Portuguese concessions are banished from Dejima and Japan.
2224:
William C. Johnstone, "International Relations: The Status of Foreign Concessions and Settlements in the Treaty Ports of China",
227:
1350:
253:
1914:
1721:
1686:
1645:
177:(which now disputes the lease) under 1903 and 1934 treaties in perpetuity; no civilian administration, only military command.
2238:
1479:
1088:
223:
47:
2414:
2378:
2061:
2357:. Stanford books in world politics (en inglés) (2da edición). Redwood City, Estados Unidos: Stanford University Press.
1746:"Avalon Project - Defense of Greenland: Agreement Between the United States and the Kingdom of Denmark, April 27, 1951"
1437:
856:
377:
146:
2126:
1966:
1606:
1572:
1314:
1173:
788:
73:
2171:
1934:
423:(Hankow). The local management was entrusted to a municipal council organized on lines similar to those at Shanghai.
55:
1804:
1471:
792:
755:
612:
2409:
1306:
1202:
679:
511:
290:. Belgian colonizing efforts ceased after a few years, due to the lack of financial means and the harsh climate.
2419:
1582:
1496:
357:
214:
208:
40:
1577:
995:
714:
599:
since 17 November 1843). On 17 July 1854 a Municipal Council established. The concession was relinquished by
543:
416:
312:
2113:
2031:
2196:
1526:
977:
718:
689:
164:
160:
2083:"In addition to massive Siberian land lease, Beijing wants Moscow to agree to massive Chinese settlement"
1461:
618:
1172:
21 September 1863 (after the 1862 Proposal to make Shanghai an independent "free city" was rejected) an
1830:
1567:
1412:
1326:
922:
592:
2115:
Summaries of judgments, advisory opinions, and orders of the International Court of Justice, 1997-2002
603:
to a Japan-sponsored puppet government in China, and was formally returned to China by France in 1946.
396:, who still claimed ownership of northern Borneo. The Sultan agreed to make the concession for 15,000
279:
1562:
1547:
1092:
746:
675:
188:
170:
1424:
2165:""British North Borneo Treaties (Protocol of 1885)" (PDF). Sabah State Attorney-General's Chambers"
1320:
1152:
1095:, the Sultan of Sulu relinquished the sovereign rights over all his possessions in favour of Spain
575:
559:
405:
19:
1994:
960:
exerts direct control over Nagasaki, Mogi, and Urakami from the Jesuits (after Hideyoshi banished
201:
which provides that the United States shall have exclusive jurisdiction over the area in question.
1537:
1125:
776:
772:
726:
547:
257:
87:
51:
1745:
1427:
in a joint condominium recognized by Romania and Bulgarian states (then Bulgarian annexated it).
894:
1532:
462:
197:: a concession granted to the United States rent free by Denmark in perpetuity pursuant to the
412:, the Sultan signed a concession treaty on 22 January 1878 and received 5,000 Spanish dollars.
1904:
1448:. Under United States laws in exchange for local police, fire protection, and other services.
1186:
474:
437:
400:. However, since it turned out that the Sultan of Brunei had already ceded some areas to the
373:
339:
306:
108:
1851:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1825:
2424:
2404:
1346:
1330:
1148:
926:
870:
653:
under 1963 and 2010 treaties in period of 50 years; civilian and commercial administration
298:
287:
8:
2263:
1596:
1206:
1140:
1136:
1121:
1056:
981:
910:
563:
441:
194:
2325:
921:(controlled by Muslims), the main port for the horse trade, so Portugal invested in the
2312:
2308:
1796:
957:
579:
571:
546:
and those in Busan and Wonsan were occupied by Japan in 1894 after the outbreak of the
1158:
All of Portuguese concessions in Africa and Asia were also Spanish concessions during
1099:, based on the "Bases of Peace and Capitulation" signed by the Sultan of Sulu and the
95:
2132:
2122:
1962:
1910:
1788:
1727:
1717:
1682:
1641:
1552:
1451:
1354:
1130:
1062:
930:
914:
683:
261:
152:
100:
949:
905:
because its location at the mouth of a lagoon made it a great natural harbor. Then,
2304:
1267:
1190:
1048:
1044:
953:
862:
852:
768:
482:
365:
302:
1108:
title and territory in the north-eastern areas just gained from the Sultan to the
2382:
2242:
1334:
1178:
1036:
1012:
1002:
938:
824:
696:
678:); it was already occupied by Germany since 14 November 1897. On 23 August 1914,
495:
420:
397:
389:
369:
350:
331:
1557:
1441:
1408:
1394:
1251:
1218:
1210:
1109:
1100:
1052:
427:
401:
239:
128:
2375:
2053:
1731:
163:
in 1903. Returned to full Panaminian control in 1999 after the signing of the
2393:
2024:"Governor says term of Russian land lease to China will be known within year"
1857:
1852:
1826:
British North Borneo - An Account of its History, Resources and Native Tribes
1792:
1445:
1398:
1282:
1278:
1259:
1222:
1198:
1159:
1117:
886:
882:
866:
449:
256:(Tientsin), in China (1901–1917). Officially surrendered by Austria in 1919 (
104:
2136:
278:
parliament issued a decree on 4 May 1843 by virtue of which the district of
1601:
1542:
1390:
1378:
1358:
1147:
had several forts on the island by concession, also conquering someones to
1020:
961:
784:
780:
739:
734:
646:
633:
600:
523:
294:
180:
123:
1420:
1416:
305:(not a part of Belgium itself, but in a personal union with Belgium under
1930:
1370:
1302:
1274:
1242:
1194:
934:
596:
393:
361:
1870:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 963.
1800:
1776:
1023:
from its northwestern neighbour—and former possession in personal union—
763:
On 10 September 1943, the Italian concession at Tianjin was occupied by
570:
in 1639. So, in 1641, The Dutch were forced, by government officials of
2292:
1255:
1104:
1096:
1040:
1032:
1028:
969:
964:
898:
722:
507:
445:
342:—including the territories ceded in perpetuity—to China on 1 July 1997.
1500:
901:
with the local rulers. In 1502, the Portuguese built a trade post in
878:
743:
431:
275:
235:
184:
103:
and do not generally fall under it. Rather, they are governed by the
349:(in China) was established (after the 16 June 1842 – 29 August 1842
58:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1362:
1016:
835:
In Korea (Chosen), before the annexation of Korea by Japan (1910):
478:
381:
346:
1777:"The Origin of 'Sabah' and a Reappraisal of Overbeck as Maharajah"
859:
on 20 December 1999, ending 329 years of Portuguese colonial rule.
2023:
1510:
1475:
1404:
1366:
1342:
1338:
1298:
1263:
1226:
1182:
1024:
902:
874:
752:
671:
667:
578:'s trading post at Dejima was abolished when Japan concluded the
531:
132:
729:
and had a population of 6,261 in 1935, including 536 foreigners.
1465:
1455:
1386:
1286:
1247:
1234:
945:
906:
890:
650:
567:
539:
503:
499:
156:
2111:
562:
had run a trading post on the island of Hirado. Also, after a
1374:
1310:
1294:
1290:
1238:
1214:
1144:
1066:
1006:
828:
800:
796:
764:
700:
622:
535:
527:
385:
119:
1781:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
952:
cedes jurisdiction over Nagasaki and Mogi to the Portuguese
1490:
1230:
404:, further negotiations were needed. With the assistance of
174:
2197:"The Spanish Presence in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore"
222:
The numerous cemeteries and monuments administered by the
135:, the terminability of such leases is now fully accepted.
929:
with the support of Timoji and recognized by the Raja of
918:
742:, the primary Italian vessels based at Tianjin were the
787:; it was never recognized by the Kingdom of Italy, the
388:
of Gaya and Sandakan in a 29 December 1877 treaty with
1345:, disempowered by the peace treaties (respectively of
775:
relinquished the concession to the Japanese-sponsored
246:
791:, or most world governments. On 10 February 1947, by
725:
on 7 September 1901. It was administered by Italy's
286:, a private Belgian company under the protection of
1315:
Gulangyu International Settlement Municipal Council
1087:On 22 July 1878, Spanish forces operating from the
336:
Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory
1889:"Pulicat & the Forgotten Indian Slave Trade".
1629:
1627:
988:
897:succeeded in making advantageous treaties of the
857:Chinese government assumed sovereignty over Macau
574:, to move from Hirado to Dejima in Nagasaki. The
191:. Returned in 1970 after the treaty was annulled.
2391:
976:). Then, the Portuguese are interned on Dejima (
1520:
1039:, under the Moscow Peace Treaty that ended the
967:from Kyūshū, to exert greater control over the
595:was established on 6 April 1849 (it had been a
1624:
1091:forced the Sultan of Sulu to surrender in the
682:canceled the German lease. The concession was
1834:. Constable & Company Ltd, London. p. 157
1678:Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law
1637:Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law
1507:International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
1431:
1019:, was leased for a period of 30 years by the
408:, a Scottish adventurer and friend of Sultan
345:On 20 November 1846, a British concession in
324:
319:
268:
99:International concessions are not defined in
1880:Edo-Tokyo Museum exhibition catalog, p. 207.
1670:
1668:
2385:—or by country for non-colonial territories
1166:
2058:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
1411:occupied all of Dobruja and, according to
2297:The American Journal of International Law
1665:
732:Several ships of the Italian Royal Navy (
376:for $ 15,000 the concessionary rights of
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
2376:WorldStatesmen—also by concession holder
2293:The International Mixed Court of Tangier
2194:
1995:"Outcry in Russia over China land lease"
1954:
1856:
1377:joined the city government. Then, after
1015:, a peninsula near the Finnish capital
846:
670:(Tsingtao) was leased "for 99 years" to
338:. On 19 December 1984, the UK agreed to
118:is "an arrangement whereby territory is
2112:International Court of Justice (2003).
2054:"Who's Afraid of Chinese Colonization?"
807:
630:French concession on the Shamian Island
613:French Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan
489:
228:Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial
138:
2392:
1774:
1756:from the original on February 27, 2024
1151:(allied with Portuguese and then with
1081:
707:
640:
517:
506:perpetual use of a portion of land on
477:1872–1911, in a small part of present
356:On 29 December 1877, representants of
254:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
2400:Foreign relations of the Qing dynasty
2226:The American Political Science Review
1992:
1902:
1493:: 19+ United Nations offices in Bonn.
917:) prompted the Portuguese to conquer
657:
585:
564:rebellion by mostly Catholic converts
20:International zone § Concessions
1273:On January 10, 1902, the consuls of
1174:International Settlement in Shanghai
795:, the zone was formally returned to
767:. In 1943, Italian Fascist dictator
566:, all Portuguese were expelled from
553:
260:) and Hungary in 1920 respectively (
224:American Battle Monuments Commission
23:
1464:: United Nations complex/office in
823:the only non-Western concession in
247:Austro-Hungarian concession holders
13:
2336:from the original on March 4, 2016
2051:
1454:: United Nations palace/office in
1423:railroad up to the Danube and the
378:American Trading Company of Borneo
147:American Trading Company of Borneo
14:
2436:
2355:The international city of Tangier
1681:. Oxford University Press. 2009.
1640:. Oxford University Press. 2009.
1607:Timeline of national independence
1573:Shanghai International Settlement
1139:established an alliance with the
771:'s (however virtually powerless)
468:
282:was given "in perpetuity" to the
2291:Manley O. Hudson (April 1927), "
1844:
738:) were based at Tianjin. During
621:(Hankow; 1898–1946; now part of
582:with the United States in 1858.
199:1951 Greenland Defense Agreement
28:
2347:
2318:
2285:
2274:from the original on 2020-12-03
2256:
2231:
2218:
2207:from the original on 2023-03-30
2188:
2157:
2146:from the original on 2023-02-10
2105:
2093:from the original on 2022-04-02
2075:
2064:from the original on 2022-04-27
2045:
2034:from the original on 2022-04-23
2016:
2005:from the original on 2022-04-27
1986:
1975:from the original on 2024-05-01
1955:Vasiliev, Alexey (2018-03-19).
1948:
1937:from the original on 2018-03-16
1923:
1896:
1807:from the original on 2023-03-07
1695:from the original on 2022-02-28
1654:from the original on 2021-12-11
1203:United Kingdom of Sweden-Norway
978:Fourth National Isolation Edict
717:(Tientsin) was conceded to the
512:Canadian National Vimy Memorial
284:Compagnie belge de colonisation
209:American concession in Shanghai
2353:Stuart, Graham Henry (1955) .
2299:, Cambridge University Press,
2195:Ramerini, Marco (2014-02-16).
1903:Berry, Mary Elizabeth (1989).
1883:
1874:
1837:
1818:
1768:
1738:
1706:
1583:American Concession (Shanghai)
1497:International Court of Justice
1415:, the territory from south of
1385:, a quadripartite conference (
1143:in the sixteenth century, and
989:Russian and Soviet concessions
818:Japanese concession of Tianjin
426:The British concession on the
358:North Borneo Chartered Company
351:British occupation of Shanghai
215:American concession of Tianjin
1:
1993:Hille, Kathrin (2015-06-25).
1612:
1590:
1578:British Concession (Shanghai)
1383:Spanish occupation of Tangier
1177:Trade-Shanghai: Flags of the
996:Russian concession of Tianjin
777:'Chinese National Government'
715:Italian concession of Tianjin
593:French concession in Shanghai
544:Chinese concession of Incheon
417:British concession of Tianjin
313:Belgian concession of Tianjin
2241:. 2007-10-08. Archived from
2121:. New York: United Nations.
1909:. Harvard Univ Asia Center.
1831:Cornell University Libraries
1617:
1553:Weihaiwei under British rule
1538:Chinese Eastern Railway Zone
1527:Foreign concessions in China
1521:Foreign concessions in China
1043:on 6 March 1940; during the
873:for trading rights from the
690:German concession of Tianjin
607:French concession of Tianjin
7:
1958:Russia's Middle East Policy
1474:: United Nations office in
1462:Vienna International Centre
619:French concession of Hankou
522:Between 1882 and 1884, the
456:
368:. Before, in January 1876,
54:the claims made and adding
10:
2441:
2415:Constitutional state types
2368:
2228:, no 5, Oct. 1937, p. 942.
1716:. Singapore: ISEAS. 2015.
1568:Shanghai French Concession
1524:
1432:United Nations concessions
1327:Tangier International Zone
1001:one of the concessions of
695:One of the concessions in
558:In Japan, since 1609, the
325:Held by the United Kingdom
320:British concession holders
269:Belgian concession holders
17:
1563:Kwantung Leased Territory
827:(Hankow; today a part of
676:Kiautschou Bay concession
1675:"Lease, international".
1323:: a de facto concession.
1321:Beijing Legation Quarter
1223:United States of America
1187:Third Republic of France
1167:Jointly held concessions
1153:Dutch East India Company
1035:, near the entry of the
576:Dutch East India Company
560:Dutch East India Company
526:obtained concessions in
340:restore all of Hong Kong
232:John F. Kennedy Memorial
165:Torrijos–Carter Treaties
161:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty
114:In international law, a
1867:Encyclopædia Britannica
1509:: UN-owned tribunal in
1075:international sanctions
773:Italian Social Republic
699:(Hankow; now a part of
548:First Sino-Japanese War
440:leased from autonomous
258:Treaty of Saint-Germain
204:Two in imperial China:
187:for 99 years under the
88:international relations
2410:Concession territories
1824:Rutter, Owen (1922). "
1775:RIVERS, P. J. (2004).
1533:Concessions in Tianjin
1425:Sfântu Gheorghe branch
463:Treaty Ports (Ireland)
315:(Tientsin) (1902–1931)
2420:Dependent territories
1093:Spanish–Moro conflict
1005:(Hankow; now part of
980:) in 1636, but after
847:Portuguese concession
475:Tati Concessions Land
438:Namwan Assigned Tract
410:Jamal-ul Azam of Sulu
374:Joseph William Torrey
189:Bryan–Chamorro Treaty
139:American concessions
18:Further information:
2087:euromaidanpress 2015
1499:: UN-owned court in
1472:UN Office in Nairobi
1331:Algeciras Conference
1149:Sultanate of Ternate
927:Sultanate of Bijapur
895:Pedro Álvares Cabral
871:letter of concession
869:managed to secure a
808:Japanese concessions
636:(Canton) (1861–1946)
632:(Shameen Island) in
490:Canadian concessions
481:, detached from the
430:(Shameen Island) in
330:On 9 June 1898, the
299:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
2052:Gabuev, Alexander.
1750:avalon.law.yale.edu
1597:Chartered companies
1413:Treaty of Bucharest
1207:Kingdom of Portugal
1141:Spanish East Indies
1137:Sultanate of Tidore
1082:Spanish concessions
1057:Porkkala naval base
982:Shimabara Rebellion
911:Vijayanagara Empire
708:Italian concessions
686:on 7 November 1914.
641:Finnish concessions
518:Chinese concessions
406:William Clark Cowie
195:Pituffik Space Base
159:obtained under the
129:diplomatic premises
2381:2013-08-19 at the
2307::10.2307/2189123,
1891:Live History India
1787:(1 (286)): 67–99.
1478:. Headquarters of
958:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
658:German concessions
586:French concessions
580:Treaty of Kanagawa
572:Tokugawa shogunate
230:in France and the
39:possibly contains
2360:
1916:978-0-674-39026-3
1723:978-981-4843-65-2
1688:978-0-19-538977-7
1647:978-0-19-538977-7
1452:Palace of Nations
1131:Sultanate of Sulu
1063:Khmeimim Air Base
915:Portuguese empire
797:Nationalist China
789:Republic of China
684:occupied by Japan
680:Republic of China
666:On 6 March 1898,
554:Dutch concessions
262:Treaty of Trianon
153:Panama Canal Zone
101:international law
84:
83:
76:
41:original research
2432:
2362:
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1516:Other UN offices
1444:headquarters in
1317:was established.
1268:Hongkou District
1215:Kingdom of Spain
1191:Kingdom of Italy
1051:was replaced by
1049:Hanko naval base
1045:Continuation War
863:Portuguese India
801:Italian Republic
769:Benito Mussolini
719:Kingdom of Italy
483:Matabele kingdom
442:Mengmao Chiefdom
366:Sultan of Brunei
303:Congo Free State
301:, leased to the
127:property, as in
79:
72:
68:
65:
59:
56:inline citations
32:
31:
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1438:UN Headquarters
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1179:Austria-Hungary
1169:
1126:Madrid Protocol
1084:
1037:Gulf of Finland
1013:Hanko Peninsula
991:
939:Krishnadevaraya
849:
810:
710:
660:
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588:
556:
520:
500:French Republic
496:First World War
492:
471:
459:
448:sovereignty to
398:Spanish dollars
372:purchased from
370:Gustav Overbeck
332:New Territories
327:
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307:King Leopold II
271:
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155:: territory in
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2089:. 2015-06-16.
2074:
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2015:
1985:
1967:
1947:
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1858:Chisholm, Hugh
1836:
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1737:
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1664:
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1634:"Concession".
1622:
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1548:Kiautschou Bay
1545:
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1525:Main article:
1522:
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1489:UN offices in
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1219:United Kingdom
1211:Russian Empire
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1134:
1110:British Borneo
1101:crown of Spain
1083:
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1053:Porkkalanniemi
1010:
999:
990:
987:
986:
985:
956:, but in 1588
950:Ōmura Sumitada
942:
923:capture of Goa
885:. In 1500, on
860:
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649:: leased from
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494:Following the
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288:King Leopold I
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220:
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183:: leased from
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173:: leased from
171:Guantanamo Bay
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1961:. Routledge.
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881:ruler on the
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867:Vasco da Gama
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450:British India
447:
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105:municipal law
102:
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96:synallagmatic
93:
89:
78:
75:
67:
57:
53:
49:
43:
42:
37:This article
35:
26:
25:
21:
16:
2354:
2349:
2338:. Retrieved
2329:
2320:
2300:
2296:
2287:
2276:. Retrieved
2267:
2258:
2247:. Retrieved
2243:the original
2233:
2225:
2220:
2209:. Retrieved
2200:
2190:
2179:. Retrieved
2172:the original
2159:
2148:. Retrieved
2114:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2086:
2077:
2066:. Retrieved
2057:
2047:
2036:. Retrieved
2027:
2018:
2007:. Retrieved
1998:
1988:
1977:. Retrieved
1957:
1950:
1939:. Retrieved
1925:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1876:
1865:
1839:
1829:
1820:
1809:. Retrieved
1784:
1780:
1770:
1760:February 21,
1758:. Retrieved
1749:
1740:
1713:
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1677:
1656:. Retrieved
1636:
1602:Colonization
1543:Guangzhouwan
1391:Soviet Union
1379:World War II
1359:Soviet Union
1021:Soviet Union
973:
968:
965:missionaries
937:and emperor
913:and ally of
834:
811:
793:peace treaty
785:Wang Jingwei
781:puppet state
756:
747:
740:World War II
735:Regia Marina
733:
661:
647:Saimaa Canal
601:Vichy France
557:
521:
493:
295:Lado enclave
283:
181:Corn Islands
115:
113:
91:
85:
70:
61:
38:
15:
2425:Imperialism
2405:Colonialism
1371:Netherlands
1357:), and the
1303:Netherlands
1243:Switzerland
1195:Netherlands
1124:signed the
1112:. In 1885,
1089:Philippines
998:(Tientsin).
948:: In 1580,
909:(vassal of
865:: In 1498,
820:(Tientsin).
615:(1898–1945)
609:(1860–1946)
597:Treaty Port
524:Qing Empire
394:Abdul Momin
362:Abdul Momin
280:Santo Tomas
217:(Tientsin).
2394:Categories
2340:2023-03-30
2278:2023-03-30
2249:2023-04-04
2211:2023-03-30
2181:2023-03-30
2150:2023-03-30
2068:2022-04-27
2038:2022-04-27
2009:2022-04-27
1979:2020-11-09
1941:2018-07-26
1811:2023-03-30
1732:1144870556
1699:2019-02-24
1658:2019-02-24
1613:References
1484:UN-Habitat
1347:Versailles
1256:Yugoslavia
1097:Suzerainty
1041:Winter War
1033:Baltic Sea
1029:naval base
970:Kirishitan
899:City-state
812:In China:
723:Qing China
692:(Tientsin)
508:Vimy Ridge
446:Qing China
276:Guatemalan
92:concession
48:improve it
2315:146925969
2311:2189123,
1906:Hideyoshi
1793:0126-7353
1618:Citations
1501:The Hague
1421:Constanța
1417:Cernavodă
1333:- except
962:Christian
935:Cannanore
891:Cannanore
879:Calicut's
744:minelayer
634:Guangzhou
434:(Canton).
432:Guangzhou
297:, in the
236:Runnymede
185:Nicaragua
109:conceding
52:verifying
2379:Archived
2334:Archived
2272:Archived
2205:Archived
2141:Archived
2137:55851512
2097:25 April
2091:Archived
2062:Archived
2032:Archived
2028:tass.com
2003:Archived
1973:Archived
1935:Archived
1862:Tientsin
1805:Archived
1801:41493515
1754:Archived
1693:Archived
1652:Archived
1591:See also
1381:and the
1363:Portugal
1017:Helsinki
757:Carlotto
751:and the
502:granted
479:Botswana
457:See also
382:Maharaja
347:Shanghai
207:1848/54
167:in 1977.
133:cessions
64:May 2015
2369:Sources
1855::
1511:Hamburg
1476:Nairobi
1405:Dobruja
1367:Belgium
1355:Trianon
1343:Hungary
1339:Austria
1335:Germany
1299:Denmark
1283:Germany
1264:Finland
1227:Belgium
1183:Denmark
1118:Germany
1031:in the
1025:Finland
954:Jesuits
925:to the
903:Pulicat
875:Zamorin
842:Incheon
799:by the
783:led by
753:gunboat
748:Lepanto
672:Germany
668:Qingdao
532:Incheon
392:Sultan
124:pledged
107:of the
46:Please
2135:
2125:
1965:
1913:
1849:
1799:
1791:
1730:
1720:
1685:
1644:
1466:Vienna
1456:Geneva
1407:: The
1387:France
1373:, and
1369:, the
1301:, the
1287:France
1277:, the
1262:, and
1258:, the
1248:Poland
1235:Mexico
1003:Hankou
974:daimyō
946:Dejima
931:Cochin
907:Timoji
887:Cochin
825:Hankou
727:Consul
697:Hankou
651:Russia
568:Dejima
542:. The
540:Wonsan
504:Canada
444:under
421:Hankou
390:Brunei
157:Panama
120:leased
94:is a "
2313:S2CID
2309:JSTOR
2175:(PDF)
2168:(PDF)
2144:(PDF)
2119:(PDF)
1797:JSTOR
1375:Italy
1311:Japan
1295:Spain
1291:Italy
1239:Japan
1145:Spain
1122:Spain
1067:Syria
1007:Wuhan
853:Macau
839:Busan
829:Wuhan
765:Japan
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