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642:, Concini was killed by guards after allegedly calling out "À moi !" ("To me!") for help, which was interpreted as resistance. The action was the result of a secret plot organised by Louis and de Luynes, which was then executed by L'Hôpital. Concini had to be eliminated because he was perceived by Louis as a menace—a powerful politician, having a personal army of 7,000 soldiers and important supporters and contacts among the aristocrats of France. After his murder, the Queen Mother was ordered to retire to
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practice of Jewish doctors at court. The killing of a royal official by an
Italian in Picardy in June 1615 sparked further unrest. The following year, tensions escalated as the animosity between Concino and the princes intensified. The Concinis were blamed for the arrest of the Prince of Condé on September 1, 1616, which led to their Parisian palace and Leonora's secretary's house being ransacked by a mob for two days.
31:
607:, Concini confided him and told that "Throughout my time in this world, I've come to understand that fate is not just about beginnings and rises, but also about falls and declines. I've observed that when someone reaches the peak of their success, they inevitably face a descent. And the higher and faster they climbed, the steeper and more dramatic their fall will be."
708:, acquired several rare books for them, including medical texts in Hebrew. Concino's patronage, however, was peculiar. Leonora was frugal and not associated with any charitable acts, while Concino spent lavishly but in specific ways. Richelieu observed that Concino did little for his relatives or fellow Italians, suggesting his loyalty lay primarily with France.
310:, Maria de' Medici's closest confidante, and eventually won her heart. However, their path to establishing themselves at the French court was fraught with obstacles. Leonora's humble background, opposition from Concino's enemies, and King Henry IV's reluctance to have too many Italians in Maria's entourage all posed significant challenges.
477:
through a garden, further solidifying his position at court. At times, he would emulate the behavior of other high-ranking figures, withdrawing to his estates or fortresses in a display of displeasure until he was summoned back into favor. During these periods, Leonora remained with the queen regent,
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soldiers. He fortified a town on the
Normandy border, equipping it with cannons taken from the royal arsenal, which he boldly marked with his personal emblem. With this army, he engaged in a skirmish with his enemies, but the encounter proved inconclusive. Towards the end of 1616, his brother-in-law
711:
It appears that
Concino did not collect paintings or books, and no oil portrait of him exists, only a drawing. When their Parisian palace was looted in 1616, for which they were later compensated, reports mentioned masks, costumes, clothes, furniture, and jewels being thrown out of the windows, but
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was established in March 1616, one of the terms was that
Marshal d'Ancre had to surrender the citadel of Amiens. Concino publicly agreed through a printed open letter to the queen, and indeed followed through on his promise a few months later. However, in the meantime, he was granted the citadel of
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faced criticism for being a foreigner who had never experienced battle. Circumstances soon forced
Concino to address this criticism. The persistent rebellion among the French nobility led him, two years after his appointment, to take command of an army himself. On October 28, 1615, he successfully
337:
Concino's success at the French court throughout his career was largely due to his wife's enduring influence over Queen Maria de' Medici. However, before King Henry IV's assassination in May 1610, Concino and
Leonora led a relatively quiet life at court, their progress not particularly noteworthy.
673:, Paris. Their son Henry remained in prison for five years before being released, provided with a pension of 2,000 Ă©cus, and allowed to retire to Florence, where he resumed the title of Count of Penna and died of the plague in 1631. The Concinis' chattels and estates, in particular the castle of
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Concino's early political maneuvers were indirect and somewhat chaotic, contrasting with the organized political opposition they faced. On May 22, 1615, the
Parliament of Paris issued a protest seemingly directed at the Concinis, objecting to both the granting of fortresses to foreigners and the
482:
described him as "an arrogant, proud man who scorns everyone." His extraordinary success bred not only envy but also hatred among many French people due to his perceived insolence. He maintained a bodyguard of forty men, each paid a thousand livres annually, whom he crudely referred to as his
290:, the Grand Duke's first secretary, suggested Concino accompany Maria to France to seek his fortune at the French court. Concino, eager to prove himself, embraced the chance. This marked the start of Concino's remarkable journey as a courtier, a rare achievement for an Italian during the late
700:, who arrived in France in 1615 and described Concino a year later as "rich as a donkey." Marino dedicated two works to the Concinis in that year. Concino was also responsible for commissioning a bronze statue of Henry IV from Florence, intended for the new bridge over
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in the spring and summer of 1606, mainly for personal reasons. In 1607, amidst rumors of his potential assassination, the cautious
Concino had his horoscope read. Finally, in March 1608, Don Giovanni returned to Florence, having failed to leverage his influence.
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Per pale and per fess of six: 1st and 6th quarters: Azure, a mount of three coupeaux Or, surmounted by three ostrich feathers Argent; 2nd and 4th quarters: Or, a double-headed eagle Sable; 3rd and 5th quarters: Argent, four chains Sable interlaced in
414:(counselor of state) on July 26, 1610, though he cautiously chose not to participate in ministerial meetings. The Concinis' financial gains were also significant. On September 7, 1610, they acquired the right to sell royal offices, valued at 384,500
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wearing his hat. The clerks of the Palace attacked him, along with the queen's pages who tried to defend him. When
Concini complained to the king, the parliament sent ten councillors to remind him of their residence's immunity.
461:. When the commander of Amiens died in June 1611, Concino was granted the position without cost. His social climb, initially precarious, was now fortified by a military stronghold. He also acquired the office of
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skillfully navigated the complexities of court life, strategically positioning themselves between the queen and the king's mistress. After months of negotiations, they were finally married on July 12, 1601, in
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They had two children: Henry, baptized on July 8, 1603, with the queen as godmother, and Maria, baptized in March 1608, with the king as godfather, both ceremonies taking place in Saint-Germain.
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ensuring their influence persisted. After 1613, the
Concinis lived apart but maintained constant contact through letters and messengers. Concino's behavior grew increasingly princely. In 1616,
393:. Leonora adopted the surname GaligaĂŻ - a more prestigious Florentine family. Concini's personality, however, made him deeply unpopular with the nobles and the general populace. Chronicler
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of Amiens and, in August 1611, accompanied by a retinue of fifty knights, he journeyed to inspect his new fortress and domain, making changes in command and rewarding the garrison.
377:, who found the queen's excessive affection for Concino and Leonora "odious, not to say scandalous." As Don Giovanni's influence grew, Concino embarked on a journey to Florence and
446:
418:, although the royal treasury later received only a fraction of this amount. Just days later, on September 16, 1610, Leonora purchased the lands and titles of the marquisate of
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1st and 4th quarters: Azure, a mount of three coupeaux Or, surmounted by three ostrich feathers Argent; 2nd and 3rd quarters: Argent, four chains Sable interlaced in saltire.
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522:. This victory resulted in the publication of three pamphlets praising his leadership, but it also made him the primary target of the rebels' animosity. When
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in 1603, and the completion of Leonora's dowry payment by the queen in December 1605. He held his initial position until April 1608, when he was promoted to
498:. His importance was underscored by having both a French and an Italian secretary. His unique manner of speech, a blend of French and Italian, was noted by
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373:, the queen's uncle and a skilled military figure, arrived at the French court, becoming a rival for the king's favor. Concino's vanity also displeased
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According to an anonymous account published in 1853 young Louis agreed that Concini could be killed if he resisted. Apprehended on the bridge of the
587:. In response to the growing threats, Concino raised and equipped a formidable army of 6,000 infantry and 800 cavalry, consisting of both French and
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for 330,000 livres from Humières-Crevant family, a transaction facilitated by the queen, who covered the cost and exempted the Concinis from taxes.
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He used his only daughter (Leonora being past childbearing age) as a bargaining chip in marriage proposals, aiming for powerful alliances with the
445:), marking his first political responsibility, which complemented his new status as a lord and landowner. Just four days later, he was appointed
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509:. This prestigious position granted him the title of "excellence" and the privilege of being addressed as "mon cousin" by the king. However,
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Concino's rise continued with a series of honors and appointments. On September 23, 1610, he was named governor of three frontier towns in
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few works of art. Concino often invested his wealth in semi-military embellishments, transforming his band of bravi into a private army.
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In 1617–1618, over a hundred pamphlets hostile to Concinis were published in France, many of which were translated into other languages.
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334:(chief steward) to the queen. Their marriage contract, reflecting their shared ambition, stipulated a complete separation of assets.
294:. While others like financiers and officials had also found success in France, Concino's political career was a precursor to that of
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recounts an incident on May 4, 1610, just ten days before Henry IV's death, where Concini narrowly escaped death after entering the
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Discovrs svr la mort dee Eleonor Galligay Femme de Conchine Marquis d'Ancre : Executee en Greue le Samedy 8.de juillet. 1617
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and the Spanish court. As a younger son, Concino's path was not predetermined. He explored various options, studying at the
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By 1609, Concino had earned the privilege of traveling in the king's carriage, and Leonora was able to spend 14,000
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https://web.archive.org/web/20070928001351/http://www.materialismo.it/Sintesi%20libri/ministoria_della_censura.htm
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983:'France' (A Popular History of), Vol. IV., p.6, Guizot, M. (François), 1787-1874, Peter Penelon Collier, 1898.
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Terrorism Before the Letter: Mythography and Political Violence in England, Scotland, and France 1559–1642
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Henri IV et Marie de Médicis: d'après des documents nouveaux tirés des archives de Florence et de Paris
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https://web.archive.org/web/20070324141816/http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh404.html
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https://web.archive.org/web/20070324141816/http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh404.html
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Journal pour le règne de Henri IV: Et le début du règne de Louis XIII, 1610-1611. Oeuvres diverses
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Concino's most significant promotion came unexpectedly on November 7, 1613, when he was appointed
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After the assassination of Henry IV, Concino's ascent continued with his appointment as
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627:, as head of the royal guards, received in the King's name the order to imprison him.
453:. In February 1611, Concino further expanded his influence in Picardy by becoming its
247:. Concino's family boasted a history of service to powerful figures. His grandfather,
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His daughter's death on January 2, 1617 particularly affected Concini. According to
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in the next generation, symbolizing a shift in the dynamics of power and influence.
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In 1612, Concino was granted permission to build a small house connected to
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1263:. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade (in French). [Paris: Gallimard. p. 772.
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to the queen without cost, while selling his previous position for 6,000
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1109:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 498.
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231:, Queen of France. In 1617, he was killed at the behest of the King.
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He was portrayed by several actors throughout French film history:
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1034:"Guido Bentivoglio e la politica europea del suo tempo, 1607-1621"
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Concino's success was evident in the rewards he received: 1,000
219:) was an Italian politician, best known for being a minister of
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623:, was tired of Concini's tutelage and his mother's regency.
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Concini: Grandeur and misery of Marie de Medici's favorite
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directed by GĂ©rard Vergez and Jean Chatenet, portrayed by
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Concini: Grandeur et misère du favori de Marie de Médicis
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1258:
1172:
Journal de ma vie: Mémoires du maréchal de Bassompierre
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634:
Contemporary depiction of the assassination of Concini
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483:"coglioni di mille franchi" (thousand-franc balls).
352:
from the king in February 1602, a pension of 25,000
324:. The queen provided Leonora with a dowry of 70,000
681:, were confiscated by King Louis XIII and given to
389:on purchasing and restoring their rented palace in
1120:Elliott, J. H.; Brockliss, L. W. B., eds. (1999).
239:Concino was born on 23 November 1569 to family of
369:However, Concino faced challenges. In July 1605,
306:On the journey to France, Concino began courting
1417:
1208:
1175:(in French). Vol. 2. Renouard. p. 107.
1124:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 72.
1119:
282:During the marriage of Maria de' Medici to King
1360:http://cronologia.leonardo.it/storia/aa1610.htm
1151:. MĂĽnster: Libraria Regensbergiana. p. 350
251:, held the position of first secretary to both
1355:http://www.baroque.it/personaggi/luigiXIII.htm
313:Despite these hurdles, Concino and Leonora as
1202:
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271:and even contemplating a religious life as a
46:Informal Chief Minister to the French Monarch
1168:
1083:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
539:for the position of colonel generall of the
279:before a pivotal opportunity arose in 1600.
1259:Tallemant Des RĂ©aux; Adam, Antoine (1960).
1036:. Padua: Liviana editrice. pp. 714–726
559:Later in 1616, he obtained the disgrace of
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98:Armand-Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu
29:
1486:Emigrants from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1215:. Oxford University Press. pp. 17–.
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531:and the title of lieutenant-governor of
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1021:(in French). Gallimard. pp. 69–70.
1004:] (in French). Didier. p. 272.
919:
696:Concino and Leonora supported the poet
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1288:(in French). Vol. 2. p. 231.
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449:, with a substantial salary of 64,000
263:, served as an ambassador to both the
1145:Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935).
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1393:Chief Minister to the French Monarch
1383:Maximilien de BĂ©thune, Duke of Sully
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35:Portrait by Daniel Dumonstier (1614)
1148:Hierarchia catholica IV (1592–1667)
886:"Richelieu, le Cardinal de Velours"
563:and a new ministry was formed with
259:. Additionally, Concino's brother,
86:Maximilien de BĂ©thune, duc de Sully
13:
1169:Bassompierre, François de (1870).
954:
798:, portrayed by Silvio de Pedrelli.
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1512:
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1286:MĂ©moires du cardinal de Richelieu
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957:"CONCINI, Concino - Enciclopedia"
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842:, portrayed by Jean-Marie Fertey.
1471:17th-century Italian politicians
1466:16th-century Italian politicians
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600:without even becoming a bishop.
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1456:Italian people murdered abroad
1303:Duccini, Hélène (1991-01-01).
1188:Assassinat du maréchal d'Ancre
1113:
1100:"Clermont-en-Beauvaisis"
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1008:
987:
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792:"Remontons les Champs-Élysées"
669:on July 8 of the same year in
653:, was arrested, imprisoned in
447:First Gentleman of the Chamber
275:. He briefly served under the
16:Italian politician (1569–1617)
1:
1015:L'Estoile, Pierre de (1960).
906:
550:
234:
1496:Assassinated prime ministers
1032:Belvederi, Raffaele (1962).
902:, portrayed by Ilario Calvo.
762:Arms of the Marquis of Ancre
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1491:Italian emigrants to France
1313:] (in French). FeniXX.
619:, incited by his favourite
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1122:The World of the favourite
832:La Caméra explore le temps
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743:Arms of the Concini family
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665:and her body subsequently
561:Nicolas Brûlart de Sillery
492:Charles II, Duke of Elbeuf
286:, Concino's uncle-in-law,
1446:Politicians from Florence
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1209:Robert Appelbaum (2015).
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872:"L'assassinat de Concini"
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375:Ferdinando I de' Medici
371:Don Giovanni de' Medici
243:and Camilla Miniati in
241:Giovan Battista Concini
171:Giovan Battista Concini
900:"La Guerre des trĂ´nes"
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516:Clermont-en-Beauvaisis
391:Faubourg Saint-Germain
131:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1284:Lavollée, L. (1907).
1186:Hachette, L. (1853).
828:"Qui a tué Henri IV?"
704:. Their protégé, the
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514:captured the city of
322:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
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395:Pierre de L'Estoile
227:of Louis's mother,
211:(23 November 1569,
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1408:Cardinal Richelieu
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581:Cardinal Richelieu
455:lieutenant general
284:Henry IV of France
269:University of Pisa
183:University of Pisa
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955:Monter, William.
898:: In Season 3 of
870:: In the TV film
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507:marshal of France
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1236:Duccini 1991
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1153:. Retrieved
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965:(in Italian)
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920:Duccini 1991
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867:
856:directed by
849:
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836:Alain Decaux
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190:Coat of arms
161:Leonora Dori
142:(1617-04-24)
93:Succeeded by
53:
1441:1617 deaths
1436:1569 births
862:Arnoldo FoĂ
729:Description
541:Swiss Guard
292:Renaissance
257:Francesco I
81:Preceded by
1451:Louis XIII
1420:Categories
1397:1610–1617
1155:2016-07-06
1040:2024-09-25
969:2024-09-25
907:References
852:Le Capitan
834:series by
808:Le Capitan
661:. She was
617:Louis XIII
551:Later life
511:Louis XIII
475:the Louvre
443:Montdidier
249:Bartolomeo
235:Early life
178:Alma mater
120:1569-11-23
67:Louis XIII
702:the Seine
615:By 1617,
225:favourite
223:, as the
58:1610–1617
54:In office
1391:Informal
1363:Archived
1196:16021672
962:Treccani
767:saltire.
663:beheaded
589:Liégeois
533:Normandy
416:tournois
327:tournois
302:Marriage
253:Cosimo I
245:Florence
213:Florence
127:Florence
74:(regent)
63:Monarchs
1297:Sources
1068::
675:LĂ©signy
659:sorcery
463:bailiff
435:PĂ©ronne
431:Picardy
424:Picardy
1403:vacant
1317:
1267:
1219:
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1062:
692:Legacy
537:livres
496:livres
459:Amiens
355:livres
342:Career
261:Cosimo
167:Parent
157:Spouse
100:(1624)
1309:[
1000:[
655:Blois
644:Blois
518:from
420:Ancre
217:Paris
147:Paris
1315:ISBN
1265:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1192:LCCN
1126:ISBN
896:2019
882:1977
868:1976
846:1960
838:and
824:1960
802:1946
788:1938
724:Arms
716:Arms
579:and
529:Caen
451:Ă©cus
441:and
439:Roye
387:Ă©cus
379:Rome
364:Ă©cus
349:Ă©cus
255:and
137:Died
114:Born
1077:".
830:of
583:as
575:as
567:as
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422:in
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118:(
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