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315: inches – 10 feet 2 inches) and even up to about 3.20 metres (10 ft 6 in) and a weight of 8–15 kg, with males ranging from to 11 to 15 kg (24 to 33 lb) and females 7.5 to 11 kg (17 to 24 lb). Meanwhile the California condor has a weight of 8–14 kg and wingspan of about 109 inches, or 2.77 meters. California condors are North America's largest flying land birds. Among all living flying birds, the Andean condor is the third heaviest after the
496:
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331:
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Wild condors inhabit large territories, often traveling 250 km (160 mi) a day in search of carrion. They prefer large carcasses, such as deer or cattle, which they spot by looking for other scavengers. However, these rival species cannot rip through the tougher hides of these larger animals
429:
The young are covered with a grayish down until they are almost as large as their parents. They can fly after six months but continue to roost and hunt with their parents until age two, when they are displaced by a new clutch. There is a well-developed social structure within large groups of condors;
373:
The middle toe is greatly elongated, the hind one is slightly developed, and the nails of all the toes are comparatively straight and blunt. The feet are thus more adapted to walking (as in their closely related storks) and of little use as weapons or organs of prehension (as in birds of prey and Old
433:
The lack of a large sternum to anchor correspondingly large flight muscles identifies it physiologically as a primary soarer. The birds flap their wings on rising from the ground, but after attaining a moderate elevation, they seem to sail on the air, transiting from one upstream to the next, often
300:
Both condors are very large, broad-winged soaring birds, the Andean condor being 3 inches (7.6 centimetres) to 6 inches (15.2 centimetres) shorter (beak to tail) on average than the northern species, but heavier and larger in wingspan. The Andean condor has a wingspan of 2.7–3.1 metres (8 feet
347:
ultraviolet light at high altitudes. The head is much flattened above. In the male, it is crowned with a caruncle or comb, while the skin of the neck lies in folds, forming a wattle. The head and neck skin can flush noticeably in response to the emotional state and transmitted between individuals.
346:
is uniformly black, except for a frill of white feathers nearly surrounding the base of the neck, which are meticulously kept clean by the bird. As an adaptation for hygiene, the condor's head and neck have few feathers, which exposes the skin to the sterilizing effects of dehydration and solar
393:
era have been found in various parts of North
America, including New York and Florida, leading scientists to hypothesize that California condors (as well as their ancestors and relatives) once lived on the west coast of North America as well as to the eastern coast, until their eventual
438:
with the efficiency of a larger condor. In the wild, they are intermittent eaters, often going for a few days without eating, then gorging themselves on several kilograms (pounds) at once, sometimes to the point of being unable to lift off the ground.
418:
Sexual maturity and breeding behavior do not appear in the condor until 5 or 6 years of age. They may live for 50 years or more and mate for life. The world's oldest condor died at 100 in the
381:
California condors' skin on the neck varies in color, depending on the age of the birds. During the breeding season, adult birds' skin color can be cream, pink, yellow, or orange.
964:
419:
808:"Andean condor nesting and behavior: A study of a free-living pair and chick as well as population behavior near Antisana Ecological Reserve, Ecuador"
985:
483:
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without flapping their wings. One Andean condor was recording maintaining such flight for 171 kilometers (106 mi), for over five hours.
1031:
430:
a recent study showed the 'pecking order' is determined by age group and, within age groups, by sex (which contradicts previous findings).
580:
526:
961:
956:
828:
Donázar, JosĂ© A.; Travaini, Alejandro; Ceballos, Olga; RodrĂguez, Alejandro; Delibes, Miguel; Hiraldo, Fernando (January 1, 1999).
725:. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2 ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 113–116, 118–119.
495:
755:
632:
780:
830:"Effects of sex-associated competitive asymmetries on foraging group structure and despotic distribution in Andean condors"
770:
Campbell, K.E. & Tonni, E.P. 1983. Size and locomotion in teratorns (Aves: Teratornithidae). Auk. 1983; 100(2): 390-403
327:(up to 3.5 m or 11 ft 6 in) in wingspan. Measurements are usually taken from specimens reared in captivity.
894:
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672:
564:
507:
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from South
America, may have been the largest flying bird ever with a wingspan of 7 metres (23 ft).
614:
75:
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245:
746:
Dunn, Jon L.; Alderfer, Jonathon (2006). "Accidentals, Extinct
Species". In Levitt, Barbara (ed.).
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409:
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extinction/extirpation. Some scientists also have found that an ancient relative of the condor,
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1016:
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8:
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274:. The New World and Old World vultures evolved from different ancestors. They both are
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Robertson, C. J. R. (2003). "Albatrosses (Diomedeidae)". In
Hutchins, Michael (ed.).
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879:
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Bildstein, Keith L. (March 15, 2022), "2 Species
Descriptions and Life Histories",
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worshiped nature. They emphasized animals and often depicted condors in their art.
191:
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750:(fifth ed.). Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society. p. 467.
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581:"A Quechua metaphor for a plane: Kuntur-man = "looking like a Condor""
184:
160:
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365:
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258:, which contains the New World vultures, whereas the 15 species of
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41:
37:
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176:
827:
895:"Andean Condor Soared for 100 Miles Without Flapping Its Wings"
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213:
153:
97:
748:
National
Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America
267:
187:
278:-eaters and the two groups are similar in appearance due to
986:
Scientists Work to
Repopulate Colombia's Skies with Condors
457:
389:
Fossils of both extinct and extant condor species from the
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323:(up to 21 kg or 46 lb), and second only to the
232:
and Mexico, as well as the northern desert mountains of
687:
262:
554:
689:
374:World vultures). Contrary to the usual rule among
663:Ferguson-Lees, James; Christie, David A. (2001).
489:California condor in flight over the Grand Canyon
1003:
501:Condor flying alone in the Grand Canyon, Arizona
197:. They are the largest flying land birds in the
783:. Ennahar Online. July 28, 2010. Archived from
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
933:The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the
555:J. Simpson; E. Weiner, eds. (1989). "Raven".
414:California condor § Ecology and behavior
246:Andean condor § Taxonomy and systematics
962:BirdLife Species Factsheet California Condor
745:
647:
619:, Cornell University Press, pp. 20–97,
50:
997:Ventana Wildlife Society: Condor Recovery
861:
720:
612:
559:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
410:Andean condor § Ecology and behavior
957:BirdLife Species Factsheet Andean Condor
714:
681:
364:
349:
329:
935:Museo ArqueolĂłgico Rafael Larco Herrera
892:
805:
378:, the female is smaller than the male.
1004:
931:Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum.
692:Patagonia: At the Bottom of the World
688:Lutz, Dick; Lutz, Richard L. (2002).
608:
606:
604:
602:
448:Andean condor § Role in culture
354:Andean condor soaring over southern
296:California condor § Description
1032:Extant Piacenzian first appearances
834:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
739:
13:
723:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
224:), is currently restricted to the
14:
1043:
950:
893:Dvorsky, George (July 14, 2020).
599:
250:California condor § Taxonomy
922:. New York: Praeger Press, 1972.
781:"The world's oldest condor dies"
583:. Quechua.org.uk. Archived from
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292:Andean condor § Description
74:
16:Name for two species of vultures
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254:Condors are part of the family
974:California Condor Conservation
920:The Mochica: A Culture of Peru
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764:
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1:
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62:soaring over southern Peru's
667:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
190:. The name derives from the
7:
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175:is the common name for two
10:
1048:
463:
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369:Immature California condor
289:
243:
216:mountains. The other, the
20:
979:February 7, 2016, at the
625:10.1515/9781501765025-004
557:Oxford English Dictionary
226:western coastal mountains
148:
143:
71:Scientific classification
69:
58:
49:
32:
967:January 3, 2009, at the
477:California condor's head
441:
230:contiguous United States
815:SIT Digital Collections
696:. DIMI Press. pp.
534:Larco Museum Collection
420:Jardin d'Essai du Hamma
222:Gymnogyps californianus
23:Condor (disambiguation)
532:Moche condor. 300 AD.
397:Argentavis magnificens
370:
362:
339:
854:10.1007/s002650050539
806:Handler, Ian (2018).
616:Vultures of the World
408:Further information:
368:
353:
333:
290:Further information:
244:Further information:
36:Temporal range: Late
665:Raptors of the World
280:convergent evolution
21:For other uses, see
988:- slideshow by the
918:Benson, Elizabeth.
846:1999BEcoS..45...55D
513:Numbered condor in
325:wandering albatross
1012:New World vultures
456:people of ancient
371:
363:
340:
260:Old World vultures
199:Western Hemisphere
181:New World vultures
1027:Bird common names
991:Los Angeles Times
941:Thames and Hudson
757:978-0-7922-5314-3
634:978-1-5017-6502-5
218:California condor
204:One species, the
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787:on June 5, 2014
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902:. Retrieved
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840:(1): 55–65.
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789:. Retrieved
785:the original
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638:, retrieved
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589:. Retrieved
585:the original
575:
556:
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515:Grand Canyon
451:
436:
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360:Colca Canyon
341:
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317:Kori bustard
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183:, each in a
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64:Colca Canyon
27:
18:
1017:Cathartidae
863:10261/39777
536:Lima, Peru.
391:Pleistocene
286:Description
256:Cathartidae
138:Cathartidae
1022:Scavengers
1006:Categories
939:New York:
542:References
446:See also:
342:The adult
872:1432-0762
591:March 20,
185:monotypic
161:Gymnogyps
94:Kingdom:
88:Eukaryota
977:Archived
965:Archived
880:24420560
404:Behavior
240:Taxonomy
134:Family:
108:Chordata
104:Phylum:
98:Animalia
84:Domain:
42:Holocene
38:Pliocene
943:, 1997.
904:May 18,
899:Gizmodo
842:Bibcode
791:June 2,
640:May 22,
519:Arizona
464:Gallery
424:Algiers
344:plumage
310:⁄
276:carrion
234:Arizona
228:of the
192:Quechua
177:species
144:Genera
124:Order:
114:Class:
878:
870:
754:
729:
704:
671:
631:
563:
412:, and
294:, and
270:, and
268:eagles
248:, and
214:Andean
195:kuntur
173:Condor
154:Vultur
33:Condor
876:S2CID
817:: 18.
811:(PDF)
700:–74.
454:Moche
442:Other
272:kites
264:hawks
188:genus
906:2022
868:ISSN
793:2014
752:ISBN
727:ISBN
702:ISBN
669:ISBN
642:2023
629:ISBN
593:2010
561:ISBN
458:Peru
452:The
356:Peru
319:and
118:Aves
858:hdl
850:doi
621:doi
422:in
358:'s
179:of
1008::
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874:.
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848:.
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698:71
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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