Confiscation of Armenian properties in Turkey

278:

commission, whose salaries were provided by property confiscated by Armenians, produced the "Temporary Law of Expropriation and Confiscation ("Abandoned Properties" law) and published in the official register on 27 September (13 September according to the Islamic calendar) and passed a further directive for implementation of the law on 8 November. The objectives of the laws were simultaneously to reduce Armenian property ownership, enrich national politicians, and to resettle Turkish Muslim refugees in property which was seized. The property confiscated included personal property (including land, buildings, and bank accounts), businesses, and also community property (e.g. churches). Items that were considered useful for the immediacy of the war effort were prioritized and immediately confiscated with a separate decree. Under the law, property and asset transactions were forbidden prior to the deportation thereby preventing the owners from having the opportunity to keep his or her property. Although the law was called "Temporary", the provisions within it seemed to aim toward the permanent transformation of the ethnicity of communities from Armenian to Turkish Muslim.

47: 38: 644:

of the Istanbul Armenian community since 1936 were retrospectively classified as illegal acquisitions and seized by the state. Under the legislation, the Turkish courts rendered Turkish citizens of non-Turkish descent as "foreigners", thereby placing them under the same legal regulations of any foreign company or property holder living outside of Turkey who was not a Turkish national. The provisions further provided that foundations belonging to non-Muslims are a potential "threat" to national security. The process involved returning any property acquired after 1936, whether through lottery, will, donation, or purchase, to their former owners or inheritors. If former owners had died leaving no inheritors, the property was to be transferred to specified governmental agencies such as the Treasury or the Directorate General of Foundations.

423:, the Armenian delegation presented an assessment of $ 3.7 billion (about $ 65 billion today) worth of material losses owned solely by the Armenian church. During the conference in February 1920, the Armenian community presented an additional demand for the restitution of property and assets seized by the Ottoman government. The joint declaration, which was submitted to the Supreme Council by the Armenian delegation and prepared by the religious leaders of the Armenian community, claimed that the Ottoman government had destroyed 2,000 churches and 200 monasteries and had provided the legal system for giving these properties to other parties. The declaration also provided a financial assessment of the total losses of personal property and assets of both Turkish and Russian Armenia with 14,598,510,000 and 4,532,472,000 194:"Abandoned Property Commissions" (Turkish: Emvâl-i Metrûke İdare Komisyonları) and the "Liquidation Commissions" (Turkish: Tasfiye Komisyonu), which were tasked with providing detailed information and appraising the value of assets "abandoned" by deportees under the guise of "safeguarding" them. The number of these commissions rose to 33 by January 1916. After the departure of the deportees, goods and livestock that were deemed "perishable" were prioritized as the first items that must be sold using public auctions, while the profits from these auctions were to be safeguarded under the entitlement of the owners. After providing documentation of the property (copies provided to the owners and the Ottoman Treasury), the directive specified that 443:(signed 10 August 1920) contained provisions related to the restitution for confiscated properties of Armenians. The Treaty of Sèvres under Article 144 specified that the Abandoned Property commissions and Liquidation commissions must be abolished and the laws of confiscation be annulled. Meanwhile, however, those who seized the assets and properties of Armenians turned to support the Turkish national movement since the dissolution of the Ottoman government would mean that the properties and assets would be protected under their name. Thus, on 8 May 1920, the first law promulgated by the newly established parliament was to pardon those charged of massacre and expropriation of property by the 296:

a number of times. It was commonly said that the commission did not actually receive enough for the government purposes to cover its expenses. Real estate was put up for rent at auction and was most of it bid in at prices ridiculously low by persons who were on the inside. This I know not only as a matter of common information but directly from a Turkish attorney who was in our employ and who provided himself with one of the best Armenian houses. Turks moved out of their more squalid habitations into the better Armenian houses whose owners had been 'deported.' All the property of the Armenians except some remnants left to the Armenians who had embraced Mohammedanism was thus plundered.

290:), an impossibility when property owners had been killed or deported. In addition, the defendant in any case would be the state which made the chances of success in any lawsuit extremely unlikely. Finally, the law provided that the confiscated property be sold at auction; however, because the law specified that "anybody other than Turkish Muslim refugees can only acquire property in Turkey with the approval of the Ministry of Internal Affairs", the result was that non-Turkish Muslims were effectively excluded. Property was provided often to national and local political elites, who eventually gave them to Turkish Muslim refugees. 416:, a total of 20,545 buildings were confiscated including 267,536 acres of land along with other parcels of agricultural and tillable lands such as 76,942 acres of vineyards, 703,941 acres of olive groves, and 4,573 acres of mulberry gardens. Along with the confiscation of physical land, Ottoman state took over life insurance policies from the Armenians. Talaat Pasha justified Ottoman actions by stating that the Armenians were "practically all dead ... and have left no heirs to collect the money. It of course all escheats to the State. The Government is the beneficiary now." 356:

guarantee the business's steady consolidation. The founder, the management, and the representatives should be chosen from honorable leaders and the elite, and to allow tradesmen and agriculturists to participate in its dividends, the vouchers need to be half a lira or one lira and registered to their names to preclude that the capital falls in foreign hands. The growth of entrepreneurship in the minds of Muslim people needs to be monitored, and this endeavor and the results of its implementation need to be reported to the ministry step by step.

648:

Though the laws were abolished in 1986, the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (Turkish: Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Müdürlüğü) issued an order on 29 June 2001 which effectively transferred all the leftover "abandoned" properties to the government. The order also forbid the disclosure of any information regarding the title or the documentation of the properties. As a result, the owners or their heirs could not make claims to the property since it was now securely sanctioned under Turkish law and had become property of the state.

623: 766: 248: 239: 165: 286:" regions and economic sectors. The property records and revenue generated from the sale or rent of confiscated property were all recorded and deposited with the Ministry of Financial Affairs to provide for the possible return of property to owners. In addition, the law provided that those whose property had been confiscated to sue for return of the property (and payment for any damages which occurred). However, the law required property owners to sue and be present themselves (not allowing the 156: 583:, which disproportionately targeted Turkey's non-Muslim residents. Many Armenians, and other non-Muslim populations, were forced to sell their property at significantly reduced prices through public auctions in order to pay for the sudden tax hike or have the properties confiscated by the state. In addition, the law allowed authorities to confiscate the property of any relative of a taxed person in order to pay the tax. From this tax, the Turkish government collected 314,900,000 1420: 1293: 1208: 1144: 1095: 1019: 469: 460: 657: 527: 361: 1584:. In 2012, an Armenian American named Zuart Sudjian claimed that she held the land deed to the property of the airport and owned the right of its inheritance. She stated that the land once belonged to the Basmacıyan family, a relative of hers, and was expropriated from them after they were deported during the Armenian genocide. It was then reported that the property was appropriated by the state when cadastral work was ongoing. 336: 4745: 564: 1928:

massacres to the Adana massacre, reached a zenith with the genocide and ultimately in the burning of Smyrna, continued in peacetime during the interwar discriminations, accelerated during the Wealth Tax launched during World War II, and found a conclusion in the 6–7 September 1955 pogrom. Within only sixty years, Ottoman Armenians had been eradicated–economically and in many other ways."

632:

registration of foundations that are in violation of law, morality, tradition or national interests, or that were established to support a political belief, a certain race or members of a minority will not be approved." Such laws are considered by legal experts as a violation of articles concerning minority rights found in the Treaty of Laussane, the Turkish constitution, and

551:, the Turkish government enacted the "Law of Abandoned Properties" which confiscated properties of any Armenian who was not present on their property, regardless of the circumstances of the reason. While local courts were authorized to appraise the value of any property and provide an avenue for property owners to make claims, the law prohibited the use of any 560:

of the publication of this law, have forfeited Turkish nationality." Additionally, a further law passed on 28 May 1928 stipulated that those who had lost their citizenship would be expelled from Turkey, not allowed to return, and that their property would be confiscated by the Turkish government, and Turkish migrants would be resettled in the properties.

204:) were to be settled in the vacant lands and properties belonging to the deportees. Once settled, the refugees had to register the land and houses, while other assets that were affixed to the property, such as olive groves and vineyards, were to be allocated amongst them. Unwanted items and assets were to be sold in public auctions. According to historian 489:. The banks also held valuable commodities which were permitted to be deposited as well. For example, Mrs. Arousse Parsek Pastirmadjian's certificate states that the bank holds as a deposit "one white tin plate box covered of linen - declared value TL 190." Such certificates are still held by many survivors of the Armenian genocide and their heirs today. 518:

prohibited. Much of the deportees who had held deposits were left with only certificates in their possession. Many of the depositors still carry the certificates of deposit today. Historian Kevork Baghdjian states that the worth of these deposits "should rise to astronomical sums today," with the "deposited capital and interests combined."

271:, mocked the law by saying that the eleven articles should be reduced to two, "1. All goods of the Armenians are confiscated. 2. The government will cash in the credits of the deportees and will repay (or will not repay) their debts." Others, such as legal experts and foreign diplomats, have called it "legalization of pillage". 619:' estimate of 150 million US$ , and the Greek government's estimate of 500 million US$ . The pogrom eventually led to an exodus of non-Muslims from the country, resulting in a significant amount of "abandoned" properties. The properties left behind by those who fled were confiscated by the Turkish state after ten years. 229:

will be liable for legal action. Put your money in a bank in the name of a relative who is out of the country. Make a list of everything you own, including livestock, and give it to the specified official so that all your things can be returned to you later. You have ten days to comply with this ultimatum.

1223:, the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, filed a lawsuit for the return of the property, but the Istanbul Municipality argued that he had been a legal non-entity in Turkey since his exile during the Armenian genocide. Therefore, he had no title to the land, even though he still functioned at the 1506:

A US court accepted the case and granted Turkey 21 days to respond. The plaintiffs demanded $ 63 million from the confiscation as well as $ 100 million for the income accrued. In 2013 the case was dismissed and the judge for political reasons, and mentioned it was the executives call, to determine if

559:

In addition to this law, the Turkish government continued revoking the citizenship of many people with a law on 23 May 1927 which stated that "Ottoman subjects who during the War of Independence took no part in the National movement, kept out of Turkey and did not return from 24 July 1923 to the date

295:

All the properties of the Armenians were confiscated, nominally to the state for the war fund. In this way all the Armenian houses, stores, shops, fields, gardens, vineyards, merchandise, household goods, rugs, were taken. The work was the charge of a commission, the members of which I met personally

228:

Leave all your belongings—your furniture, your beddings, your artifacts. Close your shops and businesses with everything inside. Your doors will be sealed with special stamps. On your return, you will get everything you left behind. Do not sell property or any expensive item. Buyers and sellers alike

173:

The Abandoned Properties Administration Commissions created registries that were specifically designated to record the names of the owners and the types of goods and assets they owned while providing assurances that the goods were to be available once the deportees reached their destination. Once the

1431:

In February 2011, after the successful acquisition of the Selamet Han, Bedros Sirinoglu, the president of the hospital, vowed to re-acquire all 19 properties. The hospital appealed to an Istanbul court which ruled in its favour by imposing an interim injunction on the 43,160 sq. m. estate (currently

643:

In 1974 new legislation was passed that stated that non-Muslim trusts could not own more property than that which had been registered under their name in 1936. As a result, more than 1,400 assets (included churches, schools, residential buildings, hospitals, summer camps, cemeteries, and orphanages)

602:

attacked Greeks and Armenians on 6–7 September 1955. The material damage was considerable, with damage to 5317 properties (including 4214 homes, 1004 businesses, 73 churches, 2 monasteries, 1 synagogue, and 26 schools). Estimates of the economic cost of the damage range from the Turkish government's

390:

By the early 1930s, all properties belonging to Armenians who were subject to deportation had been confiscated. Since then, no restitution of property confiscated during the Armenian genocide has taken place. The laws concerning abandoned property remained in effect for 73 years until it was finally

330:

forbids it. If we are a constitutional regime functioning in accordance with constitutional law we can't do this. This is atrocious. Grab my arm, eject me from my village, then sell my goods and properties, such a thing can never be permissible. Neither the conscience of the Ottomans nor the law can

1587:

Zuart Sudjian filed a lawsuit through her lawyer Ali Elbeyoğlu for the return of the lands. The Diyarbakır 5th Civil Court of First Instance in April 2013 rejected the case on the grounds of it exceeding the statute of limitations. The case was subsequently taken to the Court of Cassation where the

1004:

In 1979, the State Charitable Foundations Directorate confiscated the Armenian School, stating that the new building was illegal because the school was not listed in the 1936 Declaration. The property was returned to the original owners whose heirs sold it to Militas Construction Company who closed

706:

Due to such regulations and law codes, no church was ever constructed in the history of the Republic of Turkey. All churches in existence today were built before the establishment of the Republic in 1923. A permit for the construction of a Syriac church was granted in December 2012, however, it was

672:

Terminology of former legislation and civil codes have not significantly changed since the 1960s and 70s, ultimately subjugating the assets and properties of the Armenian community to further confiscations. Though terminology has slightly changed, the current civil codes still have enough executive

1565:

On 14 March 2012, the acting Armenian Patriarchate of Istanbul Aram Ateşyan, appealed to a high court in Ankara for the return of Sanasarian College. The properties include nine plots of land in Erzurum; a garden house and farmland in the village of Aghveren; two plots in the village of Gez; and a

1044:

wanted to purchase the property but the State Charitable Foundations Directorate applied in court for its return to the previous owner in 1979. It was confiscated in 1983 and closed down in 1984. The property has changed ownership five times since closure but nothing has been built on the derelict

355:

The movable property left by the Armenians should be conserved for long-term preservation, and for the sake of an increase of Muslim businesses in our country, companies need to be established strictly made up of Muslims. Movable property should be given to them under suitable conditions that will

754:

alone were confiscated by the Turkish government, leaving only 580 of the 1,328 properties owned by the 53 Armenian foundations (schools, churches, hospitals, etc.). The current circumstances of the remaining 87 could not be determined. Out of the 661 confiscated properties, 143 (21.6%) have been

647:

On 11 June 1986, the laws concerning "abandoned" properties during the Armenian genocide were abrogated, which ended 73 years of effectiveness. Throughout the Republican period, the laws continued to provide a legal basis for the confiscation of additional property that belonged to the deportees.

517:

Much of the money deposits into banks and other financial institutions have also been subsequently seized in the immediate aftermath of the deportations. Once a deposit was made, a certificate was given to the depositor as a proof of deposit. However, once the deportations began, withdrawals were

495:

In addition to confiscated property, large sums of money and precious metals belonging to Armenians were also seized and deposited into the treasuries of the Ottoman government or in various German or Austrian banks during the war. Such sums were believed to be withdrawn from the bank accounts of

364:

The directive relative to the seizure of Armenian schools was sent by the Interior Ministry to all the provinces in the Ottoman Empire. Dated 2 September 1915, the example shown above was sent from the Department of Settlement of Tribes and Refugees of the Interior Ministry to the director of the

1651:

Turkish: 'Harb ve Olağanüstü Siyasi Durum Sebebiyle Başka Yerlere Gönderilen Ermenilere Ait Mülk ve Arâzînin İdâre Şekli Hakkında Talimât-nâme.' 27 Recep 1333 and 28 May 1331 (10 June 1915). The 34 articles of the law are reproduced in Prime Ministry Directorate General of Press and Information,

1070:

The monastery was described in a letter dated 24 June 1913 as a "house with garden and land located at 60 Ortaköy Pişmişoğlu Street (known as Çevirmeci Street today), leased from (icareli) the Sultan Beyazıt Veli Hazretleri Foundation, 9000 zira (approximately 5167 square meters), and previously

718:

The Ottoman records kept at the Land Register and Cadaster Surveys General Directorate offices must be sealed and not available to the public, as they have the potential to be exploited by alleged genocide claims and property claims against the State Charitable Foundation assets. Opening them to

626:

In 1936, the Turkish government requested from minority foundations to provide a list of their owned assets and properties. Above is an example of such a declaration from the Surp Tateos Partoghimeos Armenian Church and of the Hayganushyan School Foundation. Although twenty-one of the properties

512:

The sum of 5,000,000 Turkish gold pounds (representing about 30.000 kilograms of gold) deposited by the Turkish government at the Reichsbank in Berlin in 1916, and taken over by the Allies after the Armistice, was in large part (perhaps wholly) Armenian money. After the forced deportation of the

313:

The impact of these laws were immediate. According to a report in June 1916 by the German ambassador stationed in Constantinople, the goods of the Armenians "have long since been confiscated, and their capital has been liquidated by a so-called commission, which means that if an Armenian owned a

749:

published a book, some 400 pages long, describing the current situation of seized assets and properties of the Armenian community. With the help of government deed and title records, the members of the Hrant Dink foundation have uncovered the title records of all the properties owned by various

325:

It is unlawful to designate the Armenian assets as "abandoned goods" for the Armenians, the proprietors, did not abandon their properties voluntarily; they were forcibly, compulsorily removed from their domiciles and exiled. Now the government through its efforts is selling their goods ...

378:

It is necessary to appropriate the schools of the towns and villages that have been emptied of Armenians to Muslim immigrants to be settled there. However, the present value of the buildings, the amount and value of its educational materials needs to be registered and sent to the department of

1927:

has placed the expropriation of Armenians during the 1915 genocide in a much wider historical context. He argues that from the prism of the longue durée, the period 1895–1955 brought a complete obliteration to the economic life of Ottoman Armenians. This process moved from the 1895 Abdulhamid

590:

This period coincided with further confiscations of private property belonging to Armenians. Special commissions were created to separate the evictions of non-Muslims from others. The investigators of this commission usually expedited the evacuation and eventual confiscation of the non-Muslim

193:

was underway, a secret directive was promulgated entitled "administrative instruction regarding movable and immovable property abandoned by Armenians deported as a result of the war and unusual political circumstances." Once enacted, the directive established special commissions, known as the

631:

In the 1960s, new laws were passed, which made it impossible for Armenians to establish new foundations or to buy or bequeath additional properties. One such law code (Law no. 903) adopted in 1967, along with a second paragraph amended to the Turkish Civil Code (no. 743) declared that, "The

277:

While the Tehcir law was being carried out, the Directorate for the Settlement of Tribes and Refugees (Turkish: Iskan-i Asairin Muhacirin Muduriyeti), under the Ministry of Internal Affairs, was tasked in June 1915 to deal with the property left behind by deported or killed Armenians. This

699:

Foundations cannot be established in violation of the characteristics of the Republic as set out in the constitution and the founding principles of the constitution, law, morality, national unity and national interests or to support a certain race or members of a certain community.

427:

respectively; totaling to an estimated $ 422 billion today. Furthermore, the Armenian community asked for the restitution of church owned property and reimbursement of its generated income. The Ottoman government never responded to this declaration and so restitution did not occur.

174:

assets and properties were recorded, receipts were then handed to the deportees prior to their departure which thus served as a proof of title. Above is an example of a receipt given by the Abandoned Properties Administration Commission of a real estate property held by Mariam from

731:

passed House Resolution 306 by a vote of 43 to one which demanded from the Republic of Turkey "to safeguard its Christian heritage and to return confiscated church properties." Turkish-American organizations attempted to block the bill from passing but ultimately failed.

4154: 530:

An example of an eviction notice dated 1 January 1950 of an Armenian woman issued by the Internal Revenue Board and sent to the local Cadastral Directorate. Such evictions were assigned to special investigative committees that dealt solely with the properties of

714:(AKP) to comply with European Union standards, the opening up of the Ottoman land registry and deed records to the public were considered. However, on 26 August 2005, the National Security Committee of the Turkish Armed Forces forbid such attempts by stating: 2043:"Articles 2, 3, 6, 11 and 22 of the governmental order of May 16, 1915, from Talaat, head of the Ministry of Interior, in Constantinople directing the seizure and confiscation of Armenian buildings apply, also, to church buildings and their property". 1278:

The Church was built in 1854 and the school in 1859 on property that the Armenian community had held for decades. On 9 May 1919, a fire destroyed both the Church and the school. On 3 May 1973, the State Charitable Foundations Directorate seized the

543:

in 1923, the confiscation resumed with most Armenians having been deported or killed. During the early Republican era, the legal terminology of those deported was changed from "transported persons" to "persons who lost or fled from the country."

46: 223:

authorizing the deportation of "persons judged to be a threat to national security." The Tehcir Law emphasized that the deportees must not sell their assets, but instead provide a detailed list and submit the list to the local authorities:

555:

by absent property holders, preventing them from filing suit without returning to the country. In addition, the defendant in the case would be the state of Turkey which had created specially tasked committees to deal with each case.

391:

abolished on 11 June 1986. The mass confiscation of properties provided the opportunity for ordinary lower class Turks (i.e. peasantry, soldiers, and laborers) to rise to the ranks of the middle class. Contemporary Turkish historian

750:

foundations and have produced the book replete with photographs, charts, maps, and other illustrations which describe the seized properties and assets and its current status. The Hrant Dink foundation states that 661 properties in

281:

These resettlement laws did contain formal reporting of property to national authorities and contained procedures for those who had property taken to sue, but the specifics of the law made these provisions serve the larger goal to

256:

The "Temporary Law of Expropriation and Confiscation" was published in many newspapers throughout the Ottoman Empire. Above is an example of one such publication, a 23 October 1915 issue of the English language Turkish newspaper

640:, which grants the "freedom to establish foundations and hold meetings." The new amendment and law code became the basis for a new series of confiscations that significantly obstructed the daily lives of Armenians in Turkey. 1706:

Turkish: "Cumhuriyetin Anayasa ile belirlenen niteliklerine ve Anayasanın temel ilkelerine, hukuka, ahlaka, milli birliğe ve milli menfaatlere aykırı veya belli bir ırk ya da cemaat mensuplarını desteklemek amacıyla vakıf

1106:

A lawsuit was filed on 20 December 1966 against Istanbul Chamber of the Directorate of Law and the Treasury for unlawfully seizing the land and the building. The 15th Civil Court of Istanbul rejected the claims in 1974.

395:

asserts that "the elimination of the Armenian population left the state an infrastructure of Armenian property, which was used for the progress of Turkish (settler) communities. In other words: the construction of an

3209:

Pope, Hugh (26 November 2004). "Spiritual Journey: In Muslim Turkey, A Minister's Quest: Starting a Church; Religious Restrictions Begin To Ease as Nation Seeks Entry in European Union; Coffeehouse and Prayer Hall".

373:

In addition to churches and monasteries, other community owned properties confiscated were schools and educational facilities. The Interior Ministry had ordered such educational facilities to be assigned to Muslims:

3161: 4123: 695:

The registration of foundations that are in violation of law, morality, tradition or national interests, or that were established to support a political belief, a certain race or members of a minority will not be

3821: 387:, notes in his memoirs that the school in Zeitun was confiscated by the government and that "the Armenians no longer had any right to education, and the campus was now filled with hundreds of Turkish children." 3257:

Apart from lacking legal recognition, in fact, these minorities are prevented from constructing, and even from restoring, their places of worship, from possessing buildings and land, and from opening schools.

1697:

Turkish: "Kanuna, ahlâka ve âdaba veya milli çıkarlara aykırı olan veya siyasi düşünce veya belli bir ırk veya azınlık mensuplarını desteklemek amacı ile kurulmuş olan vakıfların tesciline karar verilemez"

3949: 2067:

Acemoglu, Murat (18 November 2000). "The Consequences of the Events of 1915–1923: Destruction of the Populace and Monuments, Confiscation of Abandoned Properties and Assimilation of the Orphans".

1670:

Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (Ottoman Archives, Istanbul), DH.ŞFR 54/101, Directorate for the Settlement of Tribes and Immigrants (İskân-ı Aşair ve Muhacirîn Müdüriyeti) to provinces, 22 June 1915.

3900: 1304:

The Church and School have been replaced by domestic residences. On 28 May 2012, the property was declared defunct by the Directorate General of Foundations. No civil suits have been filed.

3788: 3582: 383:

Following the decree, private Armenian schools became Ottoman Turkish schools and school supplies were distributed to the Turkish Muslim population. Abraham Harutiunian, a priest living in

1186:

The site has been redeveloped with the Divan Hotel, Hilton Hotel, Hyatt Regency Hotel and TRT Radio Buildings. The marble tombstones were sold in 1939 and used for the construction of the

451:(24 July 1923), the provisions of the Treaty of Sèvres eventually never took effect and the liquidation committees involved with the confiscation of Armenian property resumed operations. 1642:, 28 Teşrinievvel 1331, #2343. For the measures used when recording the abandoned properties see 'Emval-i Metrûke Hesab-ı Cari Defterinin Suret-i Kayıt ve İsti'mâli,' in the same source. 3174:

Adana Ermeni mezarlığının üzerinde yükselen Sabancı camisi gibi Aya Stefanos'taki Latin mezarlığında da Süryani kilisesi yükselmeden gerekli duyarlılığı gösterileceğini ummak istiyorum.

115:, the confiscation of the Armenian property lasted continuously until 1974. Much of the confiscations during the Armenian genocide were made after the Armenians were deported into the 1229:

The Patriarchate acknowledged the lack of title, but argued legitimacy to represent the cemetery on behalf of both the Armenian Catholic Community and the Surp Agop Armenian Hospital.

2107: 1113:

Under current regulations, the monastery and its lands is considered a park. As a result, many offers of renting out the property by various businesses and companies were rejected.

4033: 3506: 1521:

The Topkapi Armenian Cemetery was owned by the Surp Nigoghayos Armenian church and served the Armenian community from the 17–19th centuries. The last known burial was 7 April 1896.

1499:

In 2010, a lawsuit was filed which sought compensation for 122 acres (0.49 km), which accounts for approximately four percent of the total land coverage of Incirlik, by three

3749: 3976: 2475: 3169: 347:

Formal directives were made to have much of the properties and businesses confiscated from the Armenians to be transferred into the hands of Muslims. On 6 January 1916,

4083: 2893: 1077:

With the last priest dying in 1924, the property was left vacant. Nevertheless, the title remained in the hands of the Armenian community during the 1936 declaration.

1558:. The school operated until the Armenian genocide, when most teachers were killed and the buildings ruined. The building was then used as the gathering place for the 17: 4626: 259: 119:

with the government declaring their goods and assets left behind as "abandoned". Virtually all properties owned by Armenians living in their ancestral homeland in

1231:

The commission to investigate land ownership found the Patriarch's claims groundless, so title remains with the Istanbul municipality and the third party owners.

75: 3454: 3644: 4401: 3269: 1805: 1110:

Through renewed legal efforts by the Directorate General of Foundations in 2006, the property is now in the hands of the Directorate General of Foundations.

633: 660:

Numerous cemeteries served the Armenian community during the Ottoman Empire. With most confiscated, three remain functioning today. One such example is the

3323: 1721: 1543: 571:. Such items were sold at a price significantly lower than actual worth in order to avoid forced labor and possible death in labor camps in eastern Turkey. 264: 3225: 2531:

Ungor, U. U. (2008). Seeing like a nation-state: Young Turk social engineering in Eastern Turkey, 1913–50. Journal of Genocide Research, 10(1), 15–39.

5570: 4835: 3420: 212:

into the lands and properties of deported Armenians implies that local authorities had firsthand knowledge that the deportees were to never return.

4658: 3301: 2926: 5465: 4515:

And those who continued living in Turkey after 1915: the metamorphosis of the post-genocide Armenian identity as reflected in artistic literature

3088: 3014: 1503:

who claimed that the land belonged to them. One claimant states that in 1923, after the genocide, the land was seized by the Bank of Agriculture.

70:, the official and current residence of the Vice President of Turkey, originally belonged to an Armenian named Ohannes Kasabian, who escaped the 3191: 5640: 4807: 4043: 3344: 724: 4317: 1267:

The director of the hospital, Bedros Sirinoglu, declared that the badly damaged building will be repaired and turned into a boutique hotel.

5430: 3839: 2868: 2118: 5630: 5610: 3757: 2153: 5615: 5605: 4931: 4410: 2233:

Lekka, Anastasia (Winter 2007). "Legislative Provisions of the Ottoman/Turkish Governments Regarding Minorities and Their Properties".

1320:

built the Surp Prgich Armenian Hospital in the Yedikule district of Istanbul. It owned 19 properties that were confiscated, including:

5445: 3625: 1424:

Video documentary describing the confiscation and current status of the IGS building, a property belonging to the Surp Prgich Hospital

5565: 3984: 1438:

Sirinoglu has announced that the hospital has already received affirmative responses regarding seven of the 19 properties requested.

513:

Armenians in 1915, their current and deposit accounts were transferred, by government order, to the State Treasury in Constantinople.

2483: 343:, which was used as an auction site and distribution center of confiscated Armenian goods and belongings after the Armenian genocide 5581: 4584:"Turkish atrocities": statements of American missionaries on the destruction of Christian communities in Ottoman Turkey, 1915–1917 4010: 1080:

On 23 February 1950, the land along with the monastery was rendered "ownerless" and was subsequently confiscated by the Treasury.

3726: 2769:

Gilbert Gidel; Albert Geouffre de Lapradelle; Louis Le Fur; André Nicolayévitch Mandelstam; Cómité des réfugiés arménins (1929).

1224: 126:

Historians argue that the mass confiscation of Armenian properties was an important factor in forming the economic basis of the

4689:

The Mechanism of Catastrophe: The Turkish Pogrom Of September 6-7, 1955, And The Destruction Of The Greek Community Of Istanbul

711: 37: 5360: 4763:

Hrant Dink Foundation: Website dedicated to the confiscation of properties. Site includes maps, detailed history, and status.

4719: 4698: 4672: 4615: 4596: 4568: 4544: 4523: 4502: 4481: 4457: 4418: 4390: 4369: 4330: 4306: 4285: 4263: 4239: 4215: 4168: 4133: 4093: 3605: 2903: 5635: 2991: 1661:

Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (Ottoman Archives, Istanbul), DH.ŞFR 59/239, Interior Ministry to all provinces, 6 January 1916.

1615: 758:

The Hrant Dink foundation researched confiscations and provided descriptions, photographs and boundary lines on its online

3680: 759: 5660: 4870: 4635: 3448: 3446: 1782: 1638:

Registers of the liquidation commissions are accessed through 'Emval-i Metrûke Tasfiye Komisyonlarının Esas Defteri,' in

637: 3393: 1800: 1798: 5650: 5116: 4534: 3814: 2595: 1220: 327: 5282: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3462: 3443: 2613:"State Identity, Continuity, and Responsibility: The Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey and the Armenian Genocide" 1041: 5645: 5415: 5063: 4800: 4196: 3652: 3280: 1795: 1600: 444: 4424: 3284: 2818: 2768: 1743: 5665: 5560: 3935: 1741:'Vakif Genel Mudurlugu' (VGM) is a government organization that succeeds the Ottoman Ministry of Foundations. See 627:

belonging to the foundation were formally listed in the declaration, fourteen of them were eventually confiscated.

5042: 4991: 4065: 216: 5450: 3233: 1212:

Video documentary describing the confiscation and current status of the Pangalti Armenian Cemetery (in Turkish)

5340: 62:

is located was owned by Armenians and confiscated by the Ottoman government during the Armenian genocide. The

5523: 5518: 5405: 4768:(YouTube Video) Prof. Ugur Ungor Discusses Property Confiscation During the Armenian Genocide (30 April 2012) 1717: 1605: 1311: 1262: 1249: 1048:

In 2001, the property was purchased by a businessman to build a house. When he was advised by the journalist

3921: 1532:

All suits filed for return of the property failed, but there are renewed claims under the 2011 legislation.

1175: 1165: 1060:

The Gedikpaşa Church Foundation has filed several unsuccessful cases, the most recent being in August 2011.

673:

powers to confiscate property under the basis of protecting the "national unity" of the Republic of Turkey.

5501: 5050: 4793: 2927:"A Historical Panorama of an Istanbul Neighborhood: Cihancir from the Late Nineteenth Century to the 2000s" 1179: 420: 306: 1023:

Video documentary describing the confiscation and current status of the Mkhitaryan Bomonti Armenian School

5470: 5460: 5365: 5078: 5068: 5058: 4895: 3428: 1850: 1030:

In November 2012, after numerous legal proceedings, the property was returned to the Armenian community.

536: 4156:

The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity the Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire

408:

Although the exact extent of confiscated property during the Armenian genocide is unknown, according to

5420: 5083: 5073: 4961: 4160: 1732:

e.g. Kalfayan Orphanage and Pangalti Armenian Cemetery (no trace of the buildings or structure remains)

1688:

Decree no. B.02.0.0014/3.00–0694 of the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre, 29 June 2001

3348: 1272: 5625: 5555: 5121: 4946: 4900: 4654: 2553:Üngör, Uğur Ümit (Winter 2013). "The Armenian Genocide: A Multi-Dimensional Process of Destruction". 1391:

44,000 sq. m. land adjacent to the hospital, formerly the gardens of the hospital, presently used as

616: 432: 392: 5257: 4319:

Bir "yarbancı"laştırma hikâesi: Türkiye'de gayrımüslim cemaatlerin vakif ve taşınmaz mülkiyet sorunu

3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3577: 3575: 3363: 1456:

belonged to Ohannes Kasabian, a wealthy Armenian jeweller and merchant, until the Armenian genocide.

400:

Turkish "national economy" was unthinkable without the destruction and expropriation of Armenians."

5655: 5575: 5131: 5111: 5101: 3858: 5232: 4278:

The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus

1469: 79: 5540: 5513: 5126: 5106: 4981: 4830: 4336: 3772: 3572: 1446: 1071:

leased (icareli) from the Ibrahim Pasha Foundation, 1000 zira (approximately 574 squaremeters)."

496:

deported and killed Armenians. An official memorandum prepared by former British Prime Ministers

431:

The issue of confiscated Armenian property came about in a number of treaties signed between the

63: 5491: 3968: 3024: 1886:"The Nation's Imprint: Demographic Engineering and the Change of Toponymes in Republican Turkey" 1052:

that it had belonged to an orphanage he offered to donate it back but the law did not permit it.

661: 27:

Seizure of properties belonging to the Armenian community by the Ottoman and Turkish governments

5496: 5475: 5390: 4355: 2108:"The Crime Against Cultural Heritage and Historical Memory: The Question of Abandoned Property" 587:

or about US$ 270 million (80% of the state budget) from the confiscation of non-Muslim assets.

3905: 3370: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 1130:

An attempt to rebuild the orphanage in another location was deemed illegal under the 1974 law.

5247: 5011: 5006: 4976: 4775:"The Taboo within the Taboo: The Fate of 'Armenian Capital' at the End of the Ottoman Empire" 1953:"The Taboo within the Taboo: The Fate of 'Armenian Capital' at the End of the Ottoman Empire" 1351: 746: 4301:. Translated by Vartan Hartunian (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Armenian Heritage Press. 3803: 3248: 1128:

It was expropriated and demolished in the 1960s to make way for infrastructure developments.

5550: 5297: 5187: 5167: 4956: 4860: 2136: 314:

house valued at, say, £T100, a Turk – a friend or member – could have it for around £T2."

5182: 1148:

Video documentary describing the confiscation and current status of the Kalfayan Orphanage

1099:

Video documentary describing the confiscation and current status of the Andonyan Monastery

567:

Carpets of non-Muslims unable to pay the tax hike being sold at public auction during the

8: 5380: 5242: 5096: 4875: 4816: 4176: 3822:"Uzun Soluklu Bir Hukuk Mücadelesi: Yedi̇kule Surp Pirgiç Hastanesi Ve İgs Binasi Davasi" 1924: 1433: 1392: 1297:

Video documentary describing the confiscation and current status of the Surp Hagop Church

1253: 135: 104: 5425: 4141: 4028: 4026: 4024: 3054: 1806:"Lawsuit Seeks Return of Seized Lands: Incirlik Airbase Sits on Disputed Territory News" 440: 5620: 5535: 5455: 5400: 5335: 5277: 5202: 5197: 4359: 3795: 2258: 1978: 1575: 1537: 1500: 1055: 548: 540: 448: 108: 5302: 5287: 4208:

The Confiscation of Armenian properties by the Turkish Government Said to be Abandoned

4125:

A Shameful Act : The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility

5370: 5350: 5272: 5207: 5091: 4996: 4951: 4926: 4885: 4840: 4715: 4694: 4668: 4611: 4592: 4588: 4564: 4540: 4519: 4498: 4477: 4453: 4443: 4414: 4386: 4365: 4326: 4302: 4281: 4259: 4235: 4229: 4211: 4192: 4164: 4129: 4021: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3601: 3488: 2849: 2634: 2591: 2262: 2250: 2103: 2076: 1982: 1970: 1903: 1547: 1494: 1486: 1317: 552: 447:. Furthermore, with the establishment of the Turkish republic and the signing of the 287: 205: 190: 112: 71: 56: 5529: 5435: 5177: 4774: 3950:"Topkapi Surp Nigoğayos Ermeni Kilisesi, Levon Vartuhyan Mektebi Ve Mezarliği Vakfi" 3455:"Time to recall the story of the Tuzla Armenian children's camp: a story of seizure" 3162:"Bir Süryani Kilisesi hikayesi vesilesi ile İki ailenin örnek dayanışmasına dairdir" 1610: 580: 568: 5252: 4910: 4749: 4467: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 2624: 2242: 1960: 1893: 1559: 1187: 622: 505: 481:

branch of the Imperial Ottoman Bank belonging to Mrs. Arousse Parsek Pastirmadjian

5507: 5440: 5312: 5292: 5227: 3737: 5395: 5385: 4986: 4971: 4966: 4936: 4709: 4687: 4662: 4582: 4558: 4513: 4492: 4471: 4447: 4380: 4296: 4253: 4186: 3388: 3386: 3384: 2770: 2585: 1639: 1123: 595: 497: 436: 384: 317:

The only notable domestic opposition was by Ottoman parliamentary representative

131: 120: 103:

governments involved seizure of the assets, properties and land of the country's

5192: 3708: 2999: 765: 5410: 5375: 5345: 5330: 4845: 4682: 4273: 4249: 4225: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3533: 3531: 3518: 3516: 2115:

The Crime of Genocide: Prevention, Condemnation and Elimination of Consequences

1555: 1472:, the future President, purchased it from Bulgurluzâde Tevfik Efendi for 4,500 1245: 728: 247: 238: 96: 5262: 5222: 5152: 4941: 4767: 4150: 4119: 3381: 3192:"Turkey Permits First New Church in Nearly 100 Years–and Christians Reject It" 2246: 1423: 1296: 1211: 1147: 1098: 1022: 707:

refused by the Assyrian community since the land used to be a Latin cemetery.

164: 5599: 4905: 4554: 4494:

Türkiye'de azınlıklar: kavramlar, teori, Lozan, iç mevzuat, içtihat, uygulama

3833: 3831: 3397: 3104: 3102: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2750: 2638: 2254: 2080: 1974: 1907: 501: 283: 268: 155: 116: 5307: 4850: 3882:"US Lawsuit Charges Turkey's Incrilik Air Base Sits on Stolen Armenian Land" 3862: 3560: 3543: 3528: 3513: 2829: 1581: 326:

Nobody can sell my property if I am unwilling to sell it. Article 21 of the

5217: 5157: 5001: 4880: 4578: 4179: 4144: 3901:"US court requests Turkey's defense in lawsuit filed by Armenian-Americans" 2936: 1473: 604: 584: 576: 409: 360: 348: 90: 5267: 3828: 3099: 2948: 2629: 2612: 1523:

It was confiscated and taken over by Midhat Pasha who sold the tombstones.

123:

were confiscated and later distributed among the local Muslim population.

5237: 5162: 5034: 4865: 4762: 4664:

Confiscation and destruction: The Young Turk Seizure of Armenian Property

3089:"'2012 Declaration': A History of Seized Armenian Properties in Istanbul" 1747: 201: 139: 5212: 3636: 3226:"Finally, Istanbul gives Syriac Christians a place to build: a cemetery" 1855: 1365: 5136: 4473:

Finishing the Armenian Genocide: Cleansing Turkey of Armenian survivors

4185:

Atılgan, Mehmet; Eren, Onat; Mildanoğlu, Nora; Polatel, Mehmet (2012).

3881: 3302:"Landmark US House Resolution Presses Turkey to Return Stolen Churches" 1337: 1049: 1036: 656: 413: 318: 220: 4785: 3371:"Devlet tarafından yağmalanan Ermeni mallarının tam dökümü yayımlandı" 2772:

Confiscation des biens des réfugiés arméniens par le gouvernement turc

1965: 1898: 1375: 1344: 1327: 468: 459: 5172: 5016: 3046: 599: 526: 3324:"Dink Foundation urges further steps for seized Armenian properties" 4890: 4855: 4255:

Islam, secularism, and nationalism in modern Turkey: who is a Turk?

3789:"Mazbutaya Alinmiş Bi̇r Vakif: Kasimpaşa Surp Hagop Kilisesi Vakfi" 1787: 1463: 1184:

In the 1930s, the Pangaltı cemetery was confiscated and demolished.

751: 302: 4750:

Interactive Map of Confiscated Armenian Properties around Istanbul

3583:"Bir Mahalleden Tek Hamlede Silinmek: Kalfayan Yetimhanesi Binasi" 1497:

is built was owned by Armenians who died in the Armenian genocide.

668:, which was built on the lands of a confiscated Armenian cemetery. 563: 3977:"Armenian Patriarchate's Bold Move To Sue the Turkish Government" 2854: 1567: 1551: 1358: 1241: 1191: 1171: 1156: 478: 397: 366: 340: 335: 196: 4231:

The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response

4188:

2012 Beyannamesi: İstanbul Ermeni vakıflarının el konan mülkleri

4066:"Diyarbakır Havaalanı'nın Ermeni Sahibi, Arazisini Geri İstiyor" 184: 82:, the founder and the first president of the Republic of Turkey. 4298:

Neither to laugh nor to weep: a memoir of the Armenian genocide

3421:"Armenian foundation seeks to regain property rights to school" 2316: 2314: 1490:

Claims of Rita Mahdessian, Alex Bakalian and Anais Haroutunian.

1459: 1453: 1385: 424: 127: 100: 1952: 1885: 5355: 3143: 3141: 2898: 2503: 2501: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2331: 2329: 2301: 2299: 2205: 2203: 2154:"Revisiting the Turkification of Confiscated Armenian Assets" 1526: 1515: 665: 175: 4409:(in Turkish) (2nd ed.). Ankara: T.C. Maliye Bakanlığı ( 4184: 3566: 3554: 3537: 3522: 3108: 2965: 2942: 2835: 2756: 2674: 2672: 2311: 1867: 1865: 4210:. Printing House of the Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia. 4088: 4038: 3956: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3589: 3507:"Yok Edilen 'Atlantis Uygarliği': Tuzla Ermeni Çocuk Kampi" 3036: 3034: 3019: 2716: 2714: 2701: 2699: 2274: 2272: 1570:

district of Istanbul. Court proceedings are still pending.

1466:

it was confiscated and occupied by the Bulgurluzâde family.

966:

Properties originally owned by the 53 Armenian foundations

521: 3138: 2971: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2726: 2565: 2513: 2498: 2456: 2432: 2401: 2389: 2326: 2296: 2200: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 1074:

The monastery was formally registered on 14 October 1913.

263:, which fully published the law with all eleven articles. 138:. The appropriation led to the formation of a new Turkish 2684: 2669: 2657: 2365: 2164: 1914: 1862: 1566:

large commercial property known as Sanasarian Han in the

612: 608: 4667:. New York: e Continuum International Publishing Group. 3804:"Special Report: What is Turkey Returning to Armenians?" 3691: 3619: 3617: 3031: 2779: 2711: 2696: 2645: 2476:"AKP Founding Member Apologizes for 'Geno-Deportations'" 2420: 2341: 2269: 1989: 1823: 1821: 1819: 859:

Conveyed to the Directorate General of Foundations (VGM)

351:, the Interior Minister of the Ottoman Empire, decreed: 4191:(in Turkish). Uluslararası Hrant Dink Vakfı Yayınları. 3126: 2791: 2738: 2377: 2176: 2001: 1054:

In 2007 the new Foundation law was vetoed by President

776:

Immovable Assets (Real estate) in Istanbul by category

4634:(in French). Paris, France: Katcherian. Archived from 4034:"Patrikhane Sanasaryan davasını Anadolu sathına yaydı" 2534: 2353: 2188: 1395:(confiscated by the Zeytinburnu Municipality in 1985); 1261:

In February 2011, the Selamet Han was returned to the

4610:(2nd ed.). La Verne, Calif., U.S.A.: ULV Press. 4361:

The Republic of Armenia: The first year, 1918–1919. 1

4084:"Landing Diyarbakır Airport on the Basmacıyans' land" 3674: 3672: 3670: 3614: 2873: 1816: 4004: 4002: 3482: 3480: 2444: 2284: 2032:. New York City: St. Vartan Press. 1985. p. 11. 1364:

one apartment building, one flat and a warehouse in

1275:

Surp Hagop Armenian Church and Surp Mesrobyan School

1174:

forced the Ottoman government to ban burials at the

1159:

where it is part of the Semerciyan School Premises.

4753:(click the + sign below the logo to see the legend) 4382:

The Armenian genocide cultural and ethical legacies

4206:Baghdjian, Kevork K. (2010). A.B. Gureghian (ed.). 3750:"Turkey returns Selamet Han to Armenian foundation" 3396:(in Turkish). Hrant Dink Foundation. Archived from 3347:(in Turkish). Hrant Dink Foundation. Archived from 3339: 3337: 1679:

Law No. 1042 of the Republic of Turkey, 23 May 1927

4686: 4476:. Wayne State University Press. pp. 113–146. 3667: 3114: 1783:"Armenians Sue Turkey Claiming U.S. Air Base Land" 5571:Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation 4497:(in Turkish) (3rd ed.). İstanbul: İletişim. 4364:. Berkeley: University of California Publishing. 3999: 3919: 3727:"The State and not the ECHR, Returns Selamet Han" 3489:"Tuzla Çocuk Kampı'ndan Hrantlar'ın öyküsü çıktı" 3477: 3249:"Mission Impossible: Building a Church in Turkey" 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1580:A military airbase and public airport located in 547:On 15 April 1923, just before the signing of the 504:was sent to then Prime Minister of Great Britain 412:'s private documents, the chief initiator of the 403: 5597: 3394:"İstanbul Ermeni Vakiflarinin El Konan Mülkleri" 3334: 3186: 3184: 3182: 940: 926: 899: 885: 871: 857: 843: 829: 815: 801: 5466:Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial bombings 4518:. Yerevan: Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute. 4449:The Armenian genocide : a complete history 4385:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. 2894:"6-7 Eylül'de devletin 'muhteşem örgütlenmesi'" 1652:Documents, vol. 1, Ankara, 1982, pp. 6–80. 1068:The monastery was built sometime in the 1860s. 579:, the Turkish government introduced a tax, the 485:and Mrs. Virginie, widow of Agop Pastirmadjian 3875: 3873: 1833: 1588:verdict of the local court is being appealed. 719:general public use is against state interests. 4801: 4772: 4452:(Reprinted. ed.). London: I. B. Tauris. 3179: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 1950: 1244:district of Istanbul, was built by architect 1190:(today also called Taksim Gezi Park) and the 725:United States House Foreign Affairs Committee 185:Confiscation as part of the Armenian genocide 4653: 4315: 3147: 2977: 2732: 2571: 2519: 2507: 2462: 2414: 2395: 2335: 2305: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2209: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 1920: 1871: 1776: 1774: 1550:higher education institution in the city of 369:branch of the abandoned property commission. 301: —President of the Anatolia College in 4608:The Armenian question and international law 4378: 4354: 4042:(in Turkish). 22 March 2012. Archived from 3962: 3922:"9th Circuit Hears Genocide Land Grab Case" 3870: 3840:"Court rules in favor of Armenian hospital" 2690: 2062: 2060: 2058: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1542:Founded in 1881 by Armenian philanthropist 1374:a retail and office commercial building in 1155:The Orphanage School was forced to move to 575:In the preparation for possible entry into 4932:Association for Defence of National Rights 4808: 4794: 4466: 4411:Finance Ministry of the Republic of Turkey 3974: 3065: 3006: 2678: 2583: 2371: 2106:(December 2011). Harutyunyan, Aram (ed.). 2030:The Armenian Genocide: Facts and Documents 1780: 1525:It has been sold to third parties such as 5566:How happy is the one who says I am a Turk 4711:America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 4605: 4560:A History of the Jews in the Modern World 4511: 4442: 4325:(in Turkish). İstanbul: TESEV Yayınları. 4294: 4205: 3898: 3892: 3879: 3837: 3801: 3645:"Istanbul Radio was an Armenian Cemetery" 3321: 3159: 3086: 3040: 2983: 2869:Turkish currency exchange rates 1923–1990 2785: 2744: 2720: 2705: 2651: 2628: 2546: 2438: 2426: 2347: 2320: 2278: 2215: 2151: 2102: 2087: 2016: 1995: 1964: 1951:Der Matossian, Bedross (6 October 2011). 1897: 1771: 18:Confiscated Armenian properties in Turkey 4624: 4577: 4248: 4224: 4081: 4077: 4075: 3702: 3322:Ziflioğlu, Vercihan (14 December 2012). 3246: 2918: 2663: 2383: 2359: 2182: 2170: 2066: 2055: 1931: 982: 954:Immovable assets of indeterminate status 764: 735: 655: 621: 562: 525: 522:Confiscation during the Turkish Republic 359: 334: 5471:2005 Istanbul pogrom exhibition assault 4815: 4681: 4539:. New York, NY: Springer. p. 174. 4532: 4272: 4068:(in Turkish). Haberler. 3 January 2015. 3595: 3317: 3315: 3055:"Turkey to return confiscated property" 2885: 2879: 2610: 2604: 2194: 1851:Çankaya Köşkü'nün ilk sahibi Ermeni'ydi 1827: 1746:. VGM: Official Website. Archived from 1458:After the Kasabian family escaped from 651: 611:), the British estimate of 100 million 594:The Varlık Vergisi was followed by the 508:describing such seizures and deposits: 14: 5598: 4707: 4553: 4470:(1999). Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.). 4399: 4316:Hatemi, Kezban; Kurban, Dilek (2009). 3920:Martin Macias Jr. (18 December 2018). 3880:Schleifer, Yigal (27 September 2011). 3838:Ziflioğlu, Vercihan (5 January 2012). 3486: 3132: 2989: 2841: 2810: 2804: 2450: 1781:Sassounian, Harut (23 December 2010). 598:a few years later, where an organized 339:A 1918 photo of an Armenian church in 4789: 4536:On location heritage cities and sites 4379:Hovannisian, Richard G., ed. (2008). 4149: 4118: 4072: 4008: 3856: 3678: 3418: 3247:Magister, Sandro (28 December 2004). 3052: 2992:"Tuzla Ermeni Çocuk Kampı'nın İzleri" 2847: 2819:"Atatürk olsa Varlık Vergisi olmazdı" 2816: 2617:European Journal of International Law 2552: 2540: 2290: 2232: 1883: 1258:The property was confiscated in 1974. 755:returned to the Armenian foundation. 5641:Persecution of Christians by Muslims 5446:1995 Azerbaijani coup d'état attempt 4490: 4082:Gültekin, Uygar (31 December 2014). 3952:(in Turkish). Hrant Dink Foundation. 3824:(in Turkish). Hrant Dink Foundation. 3791:(in Turkish). Hrant Dink Foundation. 3600:(in Turkish). İstanbul: Pars Yayın. 3452: 3312: 3208: 3160:Çetinoğlu, Sait (18 December 2012). 3120: 3087:Bedrosyan, Raffi (6 December 2012). 3012: 2924: 2775:(in French). Le Fur. pp. 87–90. 1616:Armenian cultural heritage in Turkey 1122:The Orphanage School was founded by 969:(schools, churches, hospitals, etc.) 477:Certificate of deposits made to the 4779:European Journal of Turkish Studies 3975:Sassounian, Harut (20 March 2012). 3899:Ziflioğlu, Vercihan (17 May 2011). 3802:Bedrosyan, Raffi (31 August 2011). 3623: 2891: 1957:European Journal of Turkish Studies 1890:European Journal of Turkish Studies 928:Still owned by Armenian foundations 831:Non-existent parcels of real estate 638:European Convention on Human Rights 219:(CUP) Central Committee passed the 74:. The property was occupied by the 24: 5631:Buildings and structures in Turkey 5611:Aftermath of the Armenian genocide 5117:Nationalist and Conservative Party 4403:Tehcir ve Emval-i Metruke Mevzuatı 3756:. 18 February 2011. Archived from 3232:. 18 December 2012. Archived from 2932:. Bogaziçi University. p. 94. 2152:Bedrosyan, Raffi (17 April 2012). 1529:who built a factory there in 1948. 1452:The Çankaya Villa and vineyard in 1001:Mkhitaryan Bomonti Armenian School 435:and the Ottoman Empire. Both the 200:(Turkish refugees mainly from the 25: 5677: 5616:Armenians from the Ottoman Empire 5606:Anti-Armenian sentiment in Turkey 5546:Confiscation of Armenian property 5416:Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul 5064:Republican Villagers Nation Party 4730: 3642: 3281:U.S. Government Publishing Office 3015:"Bu kadarı da yapılmaz be Hrant!" 2848:Güven, Dilek (9 September 2005). 2817:Günal, Bülent (21 October 2012). 1601:Anti-Armenian sentiment in Turkey 745:After two years of research, the 445:Turkish courts-martial of 1919-20 55:Some of the land on which the US 4743: 4058: 3913: 3859:"Bir varmış bir yokmuş ..." 3850: 3499: 3487:Döndaş, İnci (28 January 2007). 3419:Demir, Ela (27 September 2012). 3053:Susan, Fraser (28 August 2011). 3013:Oran, Baskın (26 January 2007). 1546:, the Sanasarian College was an 1418: 1326:a house and four shared lots in 1291: 1240:The Selamet Han, located in the 1206: 1142: 1093: 1017: 467: 458: 246: 237: 163: 154: 45: 36: 5043:Committee of Union and Progress 4992:Turkish Resistance Organisation 4773:Der Matossian, Bedross (2011). 4693:. Greekworks.Com Incorporated. 4628:L'Arménie et le peuple arménien 4581:(1998). James L. Barton (ed.). 4111: 3679:Nalci, Tamar (27 August 2011). 3412: 3294: 3262: 3240: 3218: 3202: 3153: 2990:Varlık, Yasemin (2 July 2001). 2862: 2762: 2611:Avedian, Vahagn (August 2012). 2577: 2525: 2482:. 26 April 2012. Archived from 2468: 2036: 2022: 1735: 1726: 1710: 1700: 1691: 1682: 1673: 1664: 1655: 1645: 1480:No civil suits have been filed. 1333:a residential building in Moda; 1042:The Gedikpaşa Church Foundation 769:Armenian properties in Istanbul 217:Committee of Union and Progress 5582:Şehitler ölmez vatan bölünmez! 5451:Zirve Publishing House murders 5441:Assassination of Kemal Türkler 5406:1957 arson attack at Tahtakale 4714:. Cambridge University Press. 4533:Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2012). 4295:Hartunian, Abraham H. (1986). 4009:Sazak, Derya (26 March 2012). 3377:(in Turkish). 2 December 2012. 3283:. 15 June 2011. Archived from 2892:Hür, Ayşe (7 September 2008). 1877: 1632: 1493:Part of the land on which the 1384:a 47,500 sq. m. vacant lot in 1371:a four-storey hotel in Taksim; 1037:Tuzla Armenian Children's Camp 817:Returned to original ownership 615:(about 200 million US$ ), the 404:Extent of Ottoman confiscation 13: 1: 3857:Bumin, Kürşat (20 May 2007). 3214:. New York, N.Y. p. A.1. 1718:Surp Prgich Armenian Hospital 1621: 1606:Armenian genocide reparations 1381:an apartment flat in Çamlica; 1312:Surp Prgich Armenian Hospital 1263:Surp Prgich Armenian Hospital 1250:Surp Prgich Armenian Hospital 887:Designated as public property 712:Justice and Development Party 439:(signed 4 June 1918) and the 5431:Political violence in Turkey 4606:Toriguian, Shavarsh (1988). 4400:Kardeş, Selahattin (2012) . 3651:(in Turkish). Archived from 3624:Tan, Gokhan (24 July 2011). 3453:Kart, Emine (21 June 2009). 3168:(in Turkish). Archived from 3023:(in Turkish). Archived from 2998:(in Turkish). Archived from 2902:(in Turkish). Archived from 2587:The Armenian Genocide legacy 942:Sold by Armenian foundations 845:Conveyed to the Municipality 760:interactive mapping resource 710:In an attempt by the ruling 607:(equivalent to 24.8 million 66:Presidential Palace in 1935 7: 5636:Cultural heritage of Turkey 5461:Assassination of Hrant Dink 5366:Turkish War of Independence 4896:Turkish Cypriot nationalism 4234:. New York: HarperCollins. 2584:Demirdjian, Alexis (2016). 1594: 1336:2 residential buildings in 740: 688:Current civil code no. 4721 675: 537:Turkish War of Independence 10: 5682: 5661:Economic history of Turkey 5421:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 5074:Nationalist Movement Party 4512:Peroomian, Rubina (2008). 4280:. Oxford: Berghahn Books. 4161:Princeton University Press 3598:İstanbul Ermeni kiliseleri 1512:Topkapi Armenian Cemetery 1166:Pangaltı Armenian Cemetery 913:Total unconfiscated assets 189:On 16 May 1915, while the 145: 5651:Modern history of Armenia 5556:Denial of Kurds by Turkey 5484: 5321: 5145: 5122:Rights and Equality Party 5051:Republican People's Party 5025: 4919: 4901:Turkish-Islamic synthesis 4823: 4742: 4737: 2590:. Springer. p. 110. 2247:10.1215/10474552-2006-038 2117:: 178–186. Archived from 1417: 1412: 1290: 1285: 1205: 1200: 1141: 1136: 1092: 1087: 1016: 1011: 803:Conveyed to third parties 617:World Council of Churches 603:estimate of 69.5 million 433:First Republic of Armenia 5646:Discrimination in Turkey 5576:Armenian genocide denial 5341:1913 Ottoman coup d'état 5102:Independent Turkey Party 4836:Atatürk personality cult 4625:Turabian, Hagop (1962). 3585:. Hrant Dink Foundation. 3148:Üngör & Polatel 2011 2978:Hatemi & Kurban 2009 2925:Sasanlar, Binnaz Tugba. 2850:"6–7 Eylül Olayları (1)" 2733:Üngör & Polatel 2011 2572:Üngör & Polatel 2011 2520:Üngör & Polatel 2011 2508:Üngör & Polatel 2011 2463:Üngör & Polatel 2011 2415:Üngör & Polatel 2011 2396:Üngör & Polatel 2011 2336:Üngör & Polatel 2011 2306:Üngör & Polatel 2011 2210:Üngör & Polatel 2011 1921:Üngör & Polatel 2011 1872:Üngör & Polatel 2011 1444:Ohannes Kasabian Estate. 873:Conveyed to the treasury 788:Total confiscated assets 539:and the creation of the 5666:Anti-national sentiment 5541:Citizen, speak Turkish! 4982:Turkish Revenge Brigade 4831:16 Great Turkic Empires 4587:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: 4356:Hovannisian, Richard G. 3212:The Wall Street Journal 2235:Mediterranean Quarterly 1810:Armenian Mirror Specter 1180:Şişli Armenian Cemetery 681:1967 civil code no. 743 379:general recordkeeping. 111:and peaking during the 78:and later purchased by 5497:Turkish History Thesis 5476:Murder of Deniz Poyraz 5391:Racism-Turanism trials 4708:Winter, J. M. (2003). 3626:"Varolmayanın tescili" 3596:Tuğlacı, Pars (1991). 1507:reparations were due. 770: 721: 669: 628: 591:property in question. 572: 532: 515: 421:Paris Peace Conference 381: 370: 358: 344: 333: 298: 231: 93:of Armenian properties 5524:1934 Resettlement Law 5361:Deportations of Kurds 5283:Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu 5233:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 5112:People's Ascent Party 5012:Youth Union of Turkey 5007:Sultan Murad Division 4977:Peace at Home Council 4491:Oran, Baskın (2006). 4444:Kevorkian, Raymond H. 1884:Öktem, Kerem (2008). 1722:Sanasarian Foundation 1470:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 1178:and move them to the 983:Notable confiscations 768: 747:Hrant Dink Foundation 736:Contemporary analysis 723:On 15 June 2011, the 716: 662:Sabancı Merkez Mosque 659: 625: 566: 529: 510: 376: 363: 353: 338: 323: 293: 226: 80:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 5188:Mehmet Emin Yurdakul 4861:Nine Lights Doctrine 4563:. Random House LLC. 4430:on 24 September 2015 4342:on 27 September 2013 3431:on 28 September 2012 3290:on 7 September 2022. 3172:on 3 December 2013. 2906:on 11 September 2014 2124:on 21 September 2013 1812:. 30 September 2011. 1225:Kumkapi headquarters 901:Unassigned ownership 652:Current developments 215:On 29 May 1915, the 208:, the settlement of 107:. Starting with the 5519:Animal name changes 5381:1934 Thrace pogroms 5243:Mahmut Esat Bozkurt 5097:Bright Turkey Party 5079:Nation Party (1992) 5069:Nation Party (1962) 5059:Nation Party (1948) 4876:Sun Language Theory 4817:Turkish nationalism 3906:Hürriyet Daily News 3844:Hürriyet Daily News 3733:. 17 February 2011. 3681:"Bir Gasp Hikâyesi" 3567:Atılgan et al. 2012 3555:Atılgan et al. 2012 3538:Atılgan et al. 2012 3523:Atılgan et al. 2012 3328:Hürriyet Daily News 3308:. 14 December 2011. 3306:The Armenian Weekly 3236:on 15 January 2013. 3230:World Watch Monitor 3198:. 20 December 2012. 3109:Atılgan et al. 2012 3002:on 6 December 2006. 2966:Atılgan et al. 2012 2943:Atılgan et al. 2012 2836:Atılgan et al. 2012 2757:Atılgan et al. 2012 2630:10.1093/ejil/chs056 2323:, pp. 204–205. 2045:The Armenian Review 1449:Presidential palace 1436:) and the hospital. 1434:Zeytinburnu Stadium 1393:Zeytinburnu Stadium 1254:Calouste Gulbenkian 1248:and donated to the 1065:Andonyan Monastery 130:while endowing the 76:Bulgurluzâde family 5536:The Twenty Classes 5502:Place name changes 5456:Gezi Park protests 5401:Battle of Tillyria 5336:Hamidian massacres 5198:Ali bey Huseynzade 4274:Dadrian, Vahakn N. 4011:"Sansaryan Davası" 3760:on 21 October 2013 3351:on 4 December 2012 3345:"General Overview" 3196:Christianity Today 2486:on 3 November 2014 2104:Kouymjian, Dickran 1576:Diyarbakir Airport 1544:Mkrtich Sanasarian 1538:Sanasarian College 1501:Armenian Americans 1398:a sports building; 1119:Kalfayan Orphanage 1056:Ahmet Necdet Sezer 771: 670: 629: 573: 549:Treaty of Lausanne 541:Republic of Turkey 533: 449:Treaty of Lausanne 371: 345: 265:Arthur von Gwinner 142:and middle class. 109:Hamidian massacres 105:Armenian community 5591: 5590: 5492:Atatürk's reforms 5371:Elza Niego affair 5356:Assyrian genocide 5351:Armenian genocide 5258:Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu 5208:Zeki Velidi Togan 5183:Noman Çelebicihan 5092:Great Unity Party 4997:Turkists of Gebze 4952:Counter-Guerrilla 4927:9 September Front 4841:Idealism (Turkey) 4759: 4758: 4721:978-0-511-16382-1 4700:978-0-9747660-3-4 4674:978-1-4411-3578-0 4617:978-0-911707-13-7 4598:978-1-884630-04-0 4589:Gomidas Institute 4570:978-0-307-42436-5 4555:Sachar, Howard M. 4546:978-1-4614-1108-6 4525:978-99941-963-2-6 4504:978-975-05-0299-6 4483:978-0-8143-2777-7 4468:Marashlian, Levon 4459:978-1-84885-561-8 4420:978-975-8195-17-6 4392:978-1-4128-0891-0 4371:978-0-520-01805-1 4332:978-605-5832-06-3 4308:978-0-935411-00-3 4287:978-1-57181-666-5 4265:978-1-134-17448-5 4241:978-0-06-019840-4 4217:978-9953-0-1702-0 4170:978-1-4008-4184-4 4135:978-0-8050-8665-2 3655:on 20 August 2017 3607:978-975-7423-00-3 3135:, pp. 183–4. 2807:, pp. 79–80. 2759:, pp. 56–57. 2666:, pp. 265–7. 2543:, pp. 186–7. 2441:, pp. 68–69. 2173:, pp. 186–8. 2069:Armenian Reporter 1966:10.4000/ejts.4411 1899:10.4000/ejts.2243 1750:on 1 October 2013 1592: 1591: 1548:Armenian language 1495:Incirlik Air Base 1487:Incirlik Air Base 1429: 1428: 1318:Harutyun Bezciyan 1302: 1301: 1217: 1216: 1176:Pangaltı cemetery 1153: 1152: 1104: 1103: 1028: 1027: 980: 979: 970: 704: 703: 553:power of attorney 288:power of attorney 206:Dickran Kouymjian 191:Armenian genocide 113:Armenian genocide 72:Armenian genocide 57:Incirlik Air Base 16:(Redirected from 5673: 5626:Asset forfeiture 5426:Beyazıt massacre 5253:Abulfaz Elchibey 5248:Alparslan Türkeş 5088: 5055: 5047: 5046:(Ottoman Empire) 5039: 5038:(Ottoman Empire) 4871:Racism in Turkey 4810: 4803: 4796: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4747: 4746: 4735: 4734: 4725: 4704: 4692: 4678: 4655:Üngör, Uğur Ümit 4650: 4648: 4646: 4640: 4633: 4621: 4602: 4574: 4550: 4529: 4508: 4487: 4463: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4429: 4423:. Archived from 4408: 4396: 4375: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4341: 4335:. Archived from 4324: 4312: 4291: 4269: 4245: 4221: 4202: 4174: 4139: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4092:. Archived from 4079: 4070: 4069: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4046:on 21 April 2013 4030: 4019: 4018: 4006: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3983:. Archived from 3972: 3966: 3963:Hovannisian 1971 3960: 3954: 3953: 3946: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3877: 3868: 3867: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3835: 3826: 3825: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3785: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3746: 3735: 3734: 3723: 3706: 3700: 3689: 3688: 3676: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3621: 3612: 3611: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3579: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3541: 3535: 3526: 3520: 3511: 3510: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3484: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3461:. Archived from 3450: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3427:. Archived from 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3400:on 20 March 2016 3390: 3379: 3378: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3341: 3332: 3331: 3319: 3310: 3309: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3274: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3188: 3177: 3176: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3097: 3096: 3084: 3063: 3062: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3029: 3028: 3027:on 1 March 2012. 3010: 3004: 3003: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2922: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2845: 2839: 2838:, pp. 56–7. 2833: 2827: 2826: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2709: 2703: 2694: 2691:Hovannisian 2008 2688: 2682: 2676: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2632: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2505: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2324: 2318: 2309: 2303: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2267: 2266: 2230: 2213: 2207: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2180: 2174: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2149: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2123: 2112: 2100: 2085: 2084: 2064: 2053: 2052: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2026: 2020: 2014: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1968: 1948: 1929: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1901: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1860: 1859:. 25 March 2007. 1849:Yalçın, Soner. " 1848: 1844: 1831: 1825: 1814: 1813: 1802: 1793: 1792: 1778: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1739: 1733: 1730: 1724: 1714: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1695: 1689: 1686: 1680: 1677: 1671: 1668: 1662: 1659: 1653: 1649: 1643: 1636: 1560:Erzurum Congress 1422: 1421: 1410: 1409: 1295: 1294: 1283: 1282: 1210: 1209: 1198: 1197: 1146: 1145: 1134: 1133: 1097: 1096: 1085: 1084: 1021: 1020: 1009: 1008: 987: 986: 968: 941: 927: 900: 886: 872: 858: 844: 830: 816: 802: 773: 772: 676: 506:Ramsay MacDonald 471: 462: 441:Treaty of Sèvres 309: 250: 241: 167: 158: 128:Turkish Republic 49: 40: 21: 5681: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5656:Property crimes 5596: 5595: 5592: 5587: 5514:Language reform 5480: 5396:Istanbul pogrom 5386:Dersim massacre 5323: 5317: 5298:Yusuf Halaçoğlu 5288:Kemal Kerinçsiz 5168:Kâzım Karabekir 5141: 5132:Patriotic Party 5086: 5053: 5045: 5037: 5027: 5021: 4987:Turkish Hearths 4972:Ottoman Hearths 4967:Kuva-yi Milliye 4937:Alperen Hearths 4915: 4819: 4814: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4744: 4733: 4728: 4722: 4701: 4683:Vryonis, Speros 4675: 4659:Polatel, Mehmet 4644: 4642: 4641:on 4 March 2016 4638: 4631: 4618: 4599: 4571: 4547: 4526: 4505: 4484: 4460: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4421: 4406: 4393: 4372: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4322: 4309: 4288: 4266: 4250:Cagaptay, Soner 4242: 4226:Balakian, Peter 4218: 4199: 4171: 4136: 4114: 4109: 4099: 4097: 4096:on 25 July 2015 4080: 4073: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4049: 4047: 4032: 4031: 4022: 4007: 4000: 3990: 3988: 3973: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3948: 3947: 3936: 3926: 3924: 3918: 3914: 3897: 3893: 3878: 3871: 3855: 3851: 3836: 3829: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3808:Armenian Weekly 3800: 3796: 3787: 3786: 3773: 3763: 3761: 3748: 3747: 3738: 3725: 3724: 3709: 3701: 3692: 3677: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3641: 3637: 3622: 3615: 3608: 3594: 3590: 3581: 3580: 3573: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3544: 3536: 3529: 3521: 3514: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3485: 3478: 3468: 3466: 3465:on 4 March 2016 3451: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3392: 3391: 3382: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3354: 3352: 3343: 3342: 3335: 3320: 3313: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3287: 3272: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3245: 3241: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3207: 3203: 3190: 3189: 3180: 3166:Hristyan Gazete 3158: 3154: 3146: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3119: 3115: 3107: 3100: 3093:Armenian Weekly 3085: 3066: 3051: 3047: 3039: 3032: 3011: 3007: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2923: 2919: 2909: 2907: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2874: 2867: 2863: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2815: 2811: 2803: 2792: 2784: 2780: 2767: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2712: 2704: 2697: 2689: 2685: 2679:Marashlian 1999 2677: 2670: 2662: 2658: 2650: 2646: 2609: 2605: 2598: 2582: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2555:Global Dialogue 2551: 2547: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2526: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2499: 2489: 2487: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2461: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2437: 2433: 2425: 2421: 2413: 2402: 2394: 2390: 2382: 2378: 2372:Marashlian 1999 2370: 2366: 2358: 2354: 2350:, pp. 205. 2346: 2342: 2334: 2327: 2319: 2312: 2304: 2297: 2289: 2285: 2277: 2270: 2231: 2216: 2208: 2201: 2193: 2189: 2181: 2177: 2169: 2165: 2158:Armenian Weekly 2150: 2137: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2110: 2101: 2088: 2065: 2056: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2028: 2027: 2023: 2015: 2002: 1994: 1990: 1949: 1932: 1923:, p. 11: " 1919: 1915: 1882: 1878: 1870: 1863: 1846: 1845: 1834: 1826: 1817: 1804: 1803: 1796: 1779: 1772: 1763: 1753: 1751: 1744:"VGM: About Us" 1742: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1715: 1711: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1646: 1640:Takvim-i Vekayi 1637: 1633: 1624: 1597: 1524: 1522: 1513: 1498: 1489: 1481: 1467: 1457: 1445: 1437: 1419: 1413:External videos 1323:a building lot; 1292: 1286:External videos 1266: 1257: 1252:by businessman 1230: 1228: 1207: 1201:External videos 1188:Inönü Esplanade 1185: 1183: 1143: 1137:External videos 1129: 1127: 1124:Srpuhi Kalfayan 1094: 1088:External videos 1059: 1053: 1018: 1012:External videos 996:Current status 985: 967: 939: 925: 898: 884: 870: 856: 842: 828: 814: 800: 743: 738: 690: 683: 654: 596:Istanbul pogrom 524: 498:Stanley Baldwin 493: 492: 491: 490: 474: 473: 472: 464: 463: 437:Treaty of Batum 406: 393:Uğur Ümit Üngör 311: 307:George E. White 300: 275: 274: 273: 272: 253: 252: 251: 243: 242: 187: 182: 181: 180: 179: 170: 169: 168: 160: 159: 148: 132:Turkish economy 121:Western Armenia 86: 85: 84: 83: 52: 51: 50: 42: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5679: 5669: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5585: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5530:Varlık Vergisi 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5488: 5486: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5436:Maraş massacre 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5411:Sivas massacre 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5376:Zilan massacre 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5346:Greek genocide 5343: 5338: 5333: 5331:Adana massacre 5327: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5178:Ömer Seyfettin 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5127:National Party 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5107:Homeland Party 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084:Workers' Party 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5048: 5040: 5031: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4846:Islamokemalism 4843: 4838: 4833: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4820: 4813: 4812: 4805: 4798: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4770: 4765: 4757: 4756: 4748: 4740: 4739: 4738:External image 4732: 4731:External links 4729: 4727: 4726: 4720: 4705: 4699: 4679: 4673: 4651: 4622: 4616: 4603: 4597: 4575: 4569: 4551: 4545: 4530: 4524: 4509: 4503: 4488: 4482: 4464: 4458: 4440: 4419: 4397: 4391: 4376: 4370: 4352: 4331: 4313: 4307: 4292: 4286: 4270: 4264: 4246: 4240: 4222: 4216: 4203: 4197: 4182: 4169: 4147: 4134: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4071: 4057: 4020: 3998: 3967: 3965:, p. 436. 3955: 3934: 3912: 3891: 3869: 3849: 3827: 3813: 3794: 3771: 3736: 3707: 3705:, p. 135. 3690: 3666: 3643:Nalci, Tamar. 3635: 3613: 3606: 3588: 3571: 3569:, p. 131. 3559: 3557:, p. 129. 3542: 3540:, p. 127. 3527: 3525:, p. 125. 3512: 3498: 3476: 3442: 3411: 3380: 3362: 3333: 3311: 3293: 3261: 3239: 3217: 3201: 3178: 3152: 3137: 3125: 3113: 3098: 3064: 3045: 3043:, p. 277. 3041:Peroomian 2008 3030: 3005: 2982: 2970: 2947: 2945:, p. 303. 2935: 2917: 2884: 2872: 2861: 2840: 2828: 2809: 2790: 2788:, p. 191. 2786:Baghdjian 2010 2778: 2761: 2749: 2745:Toriguian 1988 2737: 2725: 2723:, p. 277. 2721:Baghdjian 2010 2710: 2708:, p. 276. 2706:Baghdjian 2010 2695: 2683: 2681:, p. 118. 2668: 2656: 2654:, p. 275. 2652:Baghdjian 2010 2644: 2623:(3): 797–820. 2603: 2597:978-1137561633 2596: 2576: 2564: 2545: 2533: 2524: 2512: 2497: 2467: 2455: 2443: 2439:Hartunian 1986 2431: 2429:, p. 477. 2427:Baghdjian 2010 2419: 2400: 2388: 2386:, p. 188. 2376: 2374:, p. 115. 2364: 2352: 2348:Kevorkian 2010 2340: 2325: 2321:Kevorkian 2010 2310: 2295: 2293:, p. 351. 2283: 2281:, p. 204. 2279:Kevorkian 2010 2268: 2241:(1): 135–154. 2214: 2199: 2197:, p. 222. 2187: 2185:, p. 187. 2175: 2163: 2135: 2086: 2054: 2035: 2021: 2017:Toriguian 1988 2000: 1998:, p. 506. 1996:Baghdjian 2010 1988: 1930: 1925:Sait Çetinoğlu 1913: 1876: 1861: 1832: 1830:, p. 174. 1815: 1794: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1762: 1761: 1734: 1725: 1709: 1699: 1690: 1681: 1672: 1663: 1654: 1644: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1618: 1613: 1611:Varlık Vergisi 1608: 1603: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1578: 1572: 1571: 1563: 1556:Ottoman Empire 1540: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1519: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1491: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1450: 1441: 1440: 1427: 1426: 1415: 1414: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1401:a parking lot; 1399: 1396: 1389: 1382: 1379: 1372: 1369: 1362: 1355: 1348: 1341: 1334: 1331: 1324: 1314: 1310:Properties of 1307: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1288: 1287: 1280: 1276: 1269: 1268: 1259: 1246:Hovsep Aznavur 1238: 1234: 1233: 1221:Mesrob Naroyan 1215: 1214: 1203: 1202: 1195: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1151: 1150: 1139: 1138: 1131: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1102: 1101: 1090: 1089: 1082: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1046: 1039: 1033: 1032: 1026: 1025: 1014: 1013: 1006: 1002: 998: 997: 994: 991: 984: 981: 978: 977: 974: 971: 963: 962: 959: 956: 950: 949: 946: 943: 936: 935: 932: 929: 922: 921: 918: 915: 909: 908: 905: 902: 895: 894: 891: 888: 881: 880: 877: 874: 867: 866: 863: 860: 853: 852: 849: 846: 839: 838: 835: 832: 825: 824: 821: 818: 811: 810: 807: 804: 797: 796: 793: 790: 784: 783: 780: 777: 742: 739: 737: 734: 729:112th Congress 702: 701: 697: 692: 691: 686: 684: 679: 653: 650: 581:Varlık Vergisi 569:Varlık Vergisi 535:Following the 523: 520: 476: 475: 466: 465: 457: 456: 455: 454: 453: 405: 402: 321:, who stated: 292: 267:, head of the 255: 254: 245: 244: 236: 235: 234: 233: 232: 186: 183: 172: 171: 162: 161: 153: 152: 151: 150: 149: 147: 144: 54: 53: 44: 43: 35: 34: 33: 32: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5678: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5594: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5531: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5509: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5483: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5320: 5314: 5313:Bülent Ecevit 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5293:Meral Akşener 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5278:Doğu Perinçek 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5228:Nejdet Sançar 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5203:Ahmet Ağaoğlu 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5052: 5049: 5044: 5041: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5024: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920:Organizations 4918: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4906:Turkification 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4811: 4806: 4804: 4799: 4797: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4751: 4741: 4736: 4723: 4717: 4713: 4712: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4691: 4690: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4637: 4630: 4629: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4579:Sarafian, Ara 4576: 4572: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4517: 4516: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4441: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4412: 4405: 4404: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4321: 4320: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4261: 4258:. Routledge. 4257: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4209: 4204: 4200: 4198:9786058657007 4194: 4190: 4189: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4162: 4159:. Princeton: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4128:. Macmillan. 4127: 4126: 4121: 4117: 4116: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4078: 4076: 4067: 4061: 4045: 4041: 4040: 4035: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4017:(in Turkish). 4016: 4012: 4005: 4003: 3987:on 5 May 2012 3986: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3964: 3959: 3951: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3923: 3916: 3908: 3907: 3902: 3895: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3874: 3866:(in Turkish). 3865: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3834: 3832: 3823: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3798: 3790: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3704: 3703:Cagaptay 2013 3699: 3697: 3695: 3687:(in Turkish). 3686: 3682: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3639: 3632:(in Turkish). 3631: 3627: 3620: 3618: 3609: 3603: 3599: 3592: 3584: 3578: 3576: 3568: 3563: 3556: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3524: 3519: 3517: 3509:(in Turkish). 3508: 3502: 3495:(in Turkish). 3494: 3490: 3483: 3481: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3449: 3447: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3399: 3395: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3338: 3329: 3325: 3318: 3316: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3271: 3270:"H. RES. 306" 3265: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3213: 3205: 3197: 3193: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3150:, p. 58. 3149: 3144: 3142: 3134: 3129: 3123:, p. 85. 3122: 3117: 3111:, p. 67. 3110: 3105: 3103: 3094: 3090: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3042: 3037: 3035: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2986: 2980:, p. 28. 2979: 2974: 2968:, p. 69. 2967: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2944: 2939: 2928: 2921: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2888: 2882:, p. 32. 2881: 2876: 2870: 2865: 2858:(in Turkish). 2857: 2856: 2851: 2844: 2837: 2832: 2825:(in Turkish). 2824: 2820: 2813: 2806: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2787: 2782: 2774: 2773: 2765: 2758: 2753: 2747:, p. 77. 2746: 2741: 2735:, p. 66. 2734: 2729: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2707: 2702: 2700: 2693:, p. 35. 2692: 2687: 2680: 2675: 2673: 2665: 2664:Turabian 1962 2660: 2653: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2607: 2599: 2593: 2589: 2588: 2580: 2574:, p. 82. 2573: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2549: 2542: 2537: 2528: 2522:, p. 80. 2521: 2516: 2510:, p. 57. 2509: 2504: 2502: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2471: 2465:, p. 59. 2464: 2459: 2453:, p. 18. 2452: 2447: 2440: 2435: 2428: 2423: 2417:, p. 70. 2416: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2398:, p. 74. 2397: 2392: 2385: 2384:Balakian 2003 2380: 2373: 2368: 2362:, p. 82. 2361: 2360:Sarafian 1998 2356: 2349: 2344: 2338:, p. 79. 2337: 2332: 2330: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2308:, p. 84. 2307: 2302: 2300: 2292: 2287: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2212:, p. 46. 2211: 2206: 2204: 2196: 2191: 2184: 2183:Balakian 2003 2179: 2172: 2171:Balakian 2003 2167: 2159: 2155: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2120: 2116: 2109: 2105: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2050: 2046: 2039: 2031: 2025: 2019:, p. 85. 2018: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1997: 1992: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1880: 1874:, p. 69. 1873: 1868: 1866: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1811: 1807: 1801: 1799: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1777: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1764: 1749: 1745: 1738: 1729: 1723: 1719: 1713: 1703: 1694: 1685: 1676: 1667: 1658: 1648: 1641: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1625: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1520: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1461: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1447:Çankaya Köşkü 1443: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1425: 1416: 1411: 1408: 1404:a tea garden. 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1298: 1289: 1284: 1281: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1226: 1222: 1213: 1204: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1189: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1149: 1140: 1135: 1132: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1100: 1091: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1057: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1024: 1015: 1010: 1007: 1003: 1000: 999: 995: 993:Confiscation 992: 989: 988: 975: 972: 965: 964: 960: 957: 955: 952: 951: 947: 944: 938: 937: 933: 930: 924: 923: 919: 916: 914: 911: 910: 906: 903: 897: 896: 892: 889: 883: 882: 878: 875: 869: 868: 864: 861: 855: 854: 850: 847: 841: 840: 836: 833: 827: 826: 822: 819: 813: 812: 808: 805: 799: 798: 794: 791: 789: 786: 785: 781: 778: 775: 774: 767: 763: 761: 756: 753: 748: 733: 730: 726: 720: 715: 713: 708: 698: 694: 693: 689: 685: 682: 678: 677: 674: 667: 663: 658: 649: 645: 641: 639: 635: 624: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 601: 597: 592: 588: 586: 582: 578: 570: 565: 561: 557: 554: 550: 545: 542: 538: 528: 519: 514: 509: 507: 503: 502:H. H. Asquith 499: 488: 484: 480: 470: 461: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 426: 422: 417: 415: 411: 401: 399: 394: 388: 386: 380: 375: 368: 362: 357: 352: 350: 342: 337: 332: 329: 322: 320: 315: 310: 308: 304: 297: 291: 289: 285: 279: 270: 269:Deutsche Bank 266: 262: 261: 249: 240: 230: 225: 222: 218: 213: 211: 207: 203: 199: 198: 192: 177: 166: 157: 143: 141: 137: 133: 129: 124: 122: 118: 117:Syrian Desert 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 92: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 64:Çankaya Köşkü 61: 58: 48: 39: 30: 19: 5593: 5580: 5545: 5528: 5506: 5273:Attilâ İlhan 5218:Papa Eftim I 5193:Yusuf Akçura 5158:Talaat Pasha 5002:TurkHackTeam 4881:Turkish Left 4778: 4710: 4688: 4663: 4643:. Retrieved 4636:the original 4627: 4607: 4583: 4559: 4535: 4514: 4493: 4472: 4448: 4432:. Retrieved 4425:the original 4402: 4381: 4360: 4346:26 September 4344:. Retrieved 4337:the original 4318: 4297: 4277: 4254: 4230: 4207: 4187: 4180:Google Books 4155: 4151:Akçam, Taner 4145:Google Books 4124: 4120:Akçam, Taner 4112:Bibliography 4098:. Retrieved 4094:the original 4087: 4060: 4048:. Retrieved 4044:the original 4037: 4014: 3989:. Retrieved 3985:the original 3980: 3970: 3958: 3925:. Retrieved 3915: 3904: 3894: 3885: 3861: 3852: 3843: 3816: 3807: 3797: 3762:. Retrieved 3758:the original 3753: 3730: 3684: 3657:. Retrieved 3653:the original 3648: 3638: 3629: 3597: 3591: 3562: 3501: 3493:Star Gazette 3492: 3467:. Retrieved 3463:the original 3458: 3433:. Retrieved 3429:the original 3424: 3414: 3402:. Retrieved 3398:the original 3374: 3365: 3353:. Retrieved 3349:the original 3327: 3305: 3296: 3285:the original 3276: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3242: 3234:the original 3229: 3220: 3211: 3204: 3195: 3173: 3170:the original 3165: 3155: 3128: 3116: 3092: 3059:The Guardian 3058: 3048: 3025:the original 3018: 3008: 3000:the original 2995: 2985: 2973: 2938: 2920: 2910:21 September 2908:. Retrieved 2904:the original 2897: 2887: 2880:Vryonis 2005 2875: 2864: 2853: 2843: 2831: 2822: 2812: 2781: 2771: 2764: 2752: 2740: 2728: 2686: 2659: 2647: 2620: 2616: 2606: 2586: 2579: 2567: 2561:(1): 97–106. 2558: 2554: 2548: 2536: 2527: 2515: 2488:. Retrieved 2484:the original 2479: 2470: 2458: 2446: 2434: 2422: 2391: 2379: 2367: 2355: 2343: 2286: 2238: 2234: 2195:Dadrian 1995 2190: 2178: 2166: 2157: 2128:20 September 2126:. Retrieved 2119:the original 2114: 2072: 2068: 2048: 2044: 2038: 2029: 2024: 1991: 1956: 1916: 1889: 1879: 1854: 1847:(in Turkish) 1828:Ruggles 2012 1809: 1786: 1752:. Retrieved 1748:the original 1737: 1728: 1712: 1702: 1693: 1684: 1675: 1666: 1657: 1647: 1634: 1474:Turkish lira 1430: 1343:one flat in 1303: 1227:in Istanbul. 1218: 1154: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1029: 953: 912: 787: 757: 744: 722: 717: 709: 705: 687: 680: 671: 646: 642: 630: 605:Turkish lira 593: 589: 577:World War II 574: 558: 546: 534: 516: 511: 494: 486: 482: 430: 418: 410:Talaat Pasha 407: 389: 382: 377: 372: 354: 349:Talaat Pasha 346: 328:Constitution 324: 316: 312: 299: 294: 280: 276: 258: 227: 214: 209: 195: 188: 125: 91:confiscation 89: 87: 67: 59: 29: 5561:Article 301 5551:Surname Law 5263:Namık Kemal 5238:Peyami Safa 5223:Nihal Atsız 5163:Enver Pasha 5153:Ziya Gökalp 5087:(left-wing) 5054:(1923–1944) 5035:Young Turks 4962:Grey Wolves 4942:Atsız Youth 4911:Ulusalcılık 4866:Pan-Turkism 4050:22 December 3991:22 December 3764:22 December 3469:24 December 3435:22 December 3404:22 December 3355:22 December 3277:govinfo.gov 3133:Kardeş 2012 2805:Sachar 2007 2451:Winter 2003 1357:a house in 1352:Kapalıçarşı 1350:a store in 1237:Selamet Han 782:Percentage 419:During the 202:Balkan wars 140:bourgeoisie 5600:Categories 5322:Historical 5308:Sinan Oğan 5303:Ümit Özdağ 5137:Good Party 4957:Deep State 4947:Black Gang 4851:İttihadism 4645:18 October 4434:12 October 4177:Profile at 4142:Profile at 3886:EurasiaNet 3863:Yeni Şafak 3253:l'Espresso 2823:Haber Turk 2541:Akçam 2007 2490:11 October 2291:Akçam 2012 2051:: 3. 1965. 1766:References 1754:10 January 1707:kurulamaz" 1622:References 1582:Diyarbakır 1554:under the 1050:Hrant Dink 634:Article 11 531:Armenians. 414:Tehcir Law 319:Ahmed Riza 260:The Orient 221:Tehcir Law 5621:Art crime 5268:Gün Sazak 5173:Ali Suavi 5026:Political 5017:Wind Unit 4100:8 January 3659:2 January 3375:HaberLink 3121:Oran 2006 2639:0938-5428 2263:154830663 2255:1047-4552 2081:1074-1453 1983:143379202 1975:1773-0546 1908:1773-0546 1514:(today's 1316:In 1832, 1279:property. 1273:Kasımpaşa 1219:In 1932, 1170:In 1865, 779:Quantity 696:approved. 331:allow it. 5508:Öztürkçe 5485:Policies 5213:Rıza Nur 4891:Turanism 4856:Kemalism 4824:Ideology 4685:(2005). 4661:(2011). 4557:(2007). 4446:(2010). 4358:(1971). 4276:(1995). 4252:(2013). 4228:(2003). 4153:(2012). 4122:(2007). 2075:(7): 3. 1856:Hürriyet 1788:HuffPost 1595:See also 1518:factory) 1468:In 1921 1464:Istanbul 1366:Kurtuluş 1256:in 1954. 1126:in 1865. 752:Istanbul 741:Istanbul 303:Mersovan 210:muhajirs 197:muhajirs 5028:parties 4015:Millyet 3981:Asbarez 3927:13 June 3630:Radikal 2855:Radikal 2480:Asbarez 1568:Sirkeci 1552:Erzurum 1376:Beyoğlu 1359:Uskudar 1345:Beyoğlu 1328:Sarıyer 1242:Eminonu 1194:square. 1192:Eminonu 1172:cholera 1157:Uskudar 934:37.42% 920:43.67% 823:10.77% 809:18.90% 795:49.77% 727:of the 636:of the 487:(right) 479:Kayseri 398:étatist 367:Kayseri 341:Trabzon 284:Turkify 146:History 136:capital 101:Turkish 97:Ottoman 95:by the 60:(right) 5324:events 5146:People 4886:Taksim 4718: 4697: 4671: 4614: 4595: 4567: 4543: 4522: 4501: 4480: 4456: 4417: 4389: 4368: 4329: 4305: 4284: 4262: 4238: 4214: 4195: 4167: 4132: 3685:Bianet 3649:Midyat 3604: 2996:Bianet 2637: 2594: 2261: 2253: 2079: 1981: 1973: 1906: 1460:Ankara 1454:Ankara 1386:Beykoz 973:1,328 961:6.55% 948:6.25% 907:1.51% 893:1.73% 879:2.33% 865:3.84% 851:4.82% 837:5.87% 483:(left) 425:francs 385:Zeitun 305:, Dr. 68:(left) 4639:(PDF) 4632:(PDF) 4428:(PDF) 4407:(PDF) 4340:(PDF) 4323:(PDF) 3754:Zaman 3731:Sabah 3459:Zaman 3425:Zaman 3288:(PDF) 3273:(PDF) 2930:(PDF) 2899:Taraf 2259:S2CID 2122:(PDF) 2111:(PDF) 1979:S2CID 1892:(7). 1716:e.g. 1627:Notes 1527:Ulker 1516:Ulker 1338:Şişli 1045:site. 990:Name 976:100% 666:Adana 585:liras 176:Adana 134:with 4716:ISBN 4695:ISBN 4669:ISBN 4647:2013 4612:ISBN 4593:ISBN 4565:ISBN 4541:ISBN 4520:ISBN 4499:ISBN 4478:ISBN 4454:ISBN 4436:2013 4415:ISBN 4387:ISBN 4366:ISBN 4348:2013 4327:ISBN 4303:ISBN 4282:ISBN 4260:ISBN 4236:ISBN 4212:ISBN 4193:ISBN 4165:ISBN 4130:ISBN 4102:2015 4089:Agos 4052:2012 4039:Agos 3993:2012 3929:2020 3766:2012 3661:2013 3602:ISBN 3471:2012 3437:2012 3406:2012 3357:2012 3020:Agos 2912:2008 2635:ISSN 2592:ISBN 2492:2013 2251:ISSN 2130:2013 2077:ISSN 1971:ISSN 1904:ISSN 1756:2013 1432:the 609:US$ 500:and 99:and 88:The 4413:). 2625:doi 2243:doi 1961:doi 1894:doi 1853:." 1462:to 1005:it. 931:497 917:580 820:143 806:251 792:661 664:in 613:GBP 600:mob 5602:: 4777:. 4657:; 4591:. 4175:- 4163:. 4140:- 4086:. 4074:^ 4036:. 4023:^ 4013:. 4001:^ 3979:. 3937:^ 3903:. 3884:. 3872:^ 3842:. 3830:^ 3806:. 3774:^ 3752:. 3739:^ 3729:. 3710:^ 3693:^ 3683:. 3669:^ 3647:. 3628:. 3616:^ 3574:^ 3545:^ 3530:^ 3515:^ 3491:. 3479:^ 3457:. 3445:^ 3423:. 3383:^ 3373:. 3336:^ 3326:. 3314:^ 3304:. 3279:. 3275:. 3255:. 3251:. 3228:. 3194:. 3181:^ 3164:. 3140:^ 3101:^ 3091:. 3067:^ 3057:. 3033:^ 3017:. 2994:. 2950:^ 2896:. 2852:. 2821:. 2793:^ 2713:^ 2698:^ 2671:^ 2633:. 2621:23 2619:. 2615:. 2559:15 2557:. 2500:^ 2478:. 2403:^ 2328:^ 2313:^ 2298:^ 2271:^ 2257:. 2249:. 2239:18 2237:. 2217:^ 2202:^ 2156:. 2138:^ 2113:. 2089:^ 2073:34 2071:. 2057:^ 2049:18 2047:. 2003:^ 1977:. 1969:. 1959:. 1955:. 1933:^ 1902:. 1888:. 1864:^ 1835:^ 1818:^ 1808:. 1797:^ 1785:. 1773:^ 1720:, 1182:. 958:87 945:83 904:20 890:23 876:31 862:51 848:64 834:78 762:. 4809:e 4802:t 4795:v 4781:. 4724:. 4703:. 4677:. 4649:. 4620:. 4601:. 4573:. 4549:. 4528:. 4507:. 4486:. 4462:. 4438:. 4395:. 4374:. 4350:. 4311:. 4290:. 4268:. 4244:. 4220:. 4201:. 4173:. 4138:. 4104:. 4054:. 3995:. 3931:. 3909:. 3888:. 3846:. 3810:. 3768:. 3663:. 3610:. 3473:. 3439:. 3408:. 3359:. 3330:. 3095:. 3061:. 2914:. 2641:. 2627:: 2600:. 2494:. 2265:. 2245:: 2160:. 2132:. 2083:. 1985:. 1963:: 1910:. 1896:: 1791:. 1758:. 1562:. 1476:. 1388:; 1378:; 1368:; 1361:; 1354:; 1347:; 1340:; 1330:; 1265:. 1058:. 282:" 178:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Confiscation of Armenian properties in Turkey

Index