153:
469:
834:
545:
426:
381:
667:
36:
347:
691:
contaminated fingers is a common cause of conjunctivitis. Bacteria may also reach the conjunctiva from the edges of the eyelids and the surrounding skin, from the nasopharynx, from infected eye drops or contact lenses, from the genitals or the bloodstream. Infection by human adenovirus accounts for 65% to 90% of cases of viral conjunctivitis.
1241:
Conjunctivitis imposes economic and social burdens. The cost of treating bacterial conjunctivitis in the United States was estimated to be $ 377 million to $ 857 million per year. Approximately 1% of all primary care office visits in the United States are related to conjunctivitis. Approximately 70%
1175:
Conjunctivitis is the most common eye disease. Rates of disease is related to the underlying cause which varies by the age as well as the time of year. Acute conjunctivitis is most frequently found in infants, school-age children and the elderly. The most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis is
947:
Some more serious conditions can present with a red eye, such as infectious keratitis, angle-closure glaucoma, or iritis. These conditions require the urgent attention of an ophthalmologist. Signs of such conditions include decreased vision, significantly increased sensitivity to light, inability to
393:
lymph node swelling and contact with another person with a red eye. Eye pain may be present if the cornea is also involved. Its symptoms include excessive watering and itching. The discharge in viral conjunctivitis is usually (but not always) watery in nature. The infection usually begins in one eye
388:
Approximately 80% of cases of conjunctivitis in adults and less than 20% in children are due to viruses, with 65% to 90% of these cases being attributed to adenoviruses. Viral conjunctivitis is often associated with an infection of the upper respiratory tract, a common cold, or a sore throat. Other
841:
Cultures are not often taken or needed as most cases resolve either with time or typical antibiotics. If bacterial conjunctivitis is suspected, but no response to topical antibiotics is seen, swabs for bacterial culture should be taken and tested. Viral culture may be appropriate in epidemic case
786:, or eye drops. The most frequent cause of conjunctivitis is allergic conjunctivitis and it affects 15% to 40% of the population. Allergic conjunctivitis accounts for 15% of eye related primary care consultations; most including seasonal exposures in the spring and summer or perpetual conditions.
1182:
Some seasonal trends have been observed for the occurrence of different forms of conjunctivitis. In the northern hemisphere, the occurrence of bacterial conjunctivitis peaks from
December to April, viral conjunctivitis peaks in the summer months and allergic conjunctivitis is more prevalent
1123:
Bacterial conjunctivitis usually resolves without treatment. Topical antibiotics may be needed only if no improvement is observed after 3 days. No serious effects were noted either with or without treatment. Because antibiotics do speed healing in bacterial conjunctivitis, their use may be
690:
Infective conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by a virus. Bacterial infections, allergies, other irritants, and dryness are also common causes. Both bacterial and viral infections are contagious, passing from person to person or spread through contaminated objects or water. Contact with
948:
keep the eye open, a pupil that does not respond to light, or a severe headache with nausea. Fluctuating blurring is common, due to tearing and mucoid discharge. Mild photophobia is common. However, if any of these symptoms is prominent, considering other diseases such as
540:
that may cause the lids to stick together, especially after sleep. Severe crusting of the infected eye and the surrounding skin may also occur. The gritty or scratchy feeling is sometimes localized enough that patients may insist that they have a foreign body in the eye.
2530:
1146:
When investigated as a treatment, povidone-iodine ophthalmic solution has also been observed to have some effectiveness against bacterial and chlamydial conjunctivitis, with a possible role suggested in locations where topical antibiotics are unavailable or costly.
938:
Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis is the combination of conjunctivitis with blepharitis and keratitis. It is clinically defined by changes of the lid margin, meibomian gland dysfunction, redness of the eye, conjunctival chemosis and inflammation of the cornea.
532:. Bacterial conjunctivitis usually causes a rapid onset of conjunctival redness, swelling of the eyelid, and a sticky discharge. Typically, symptoms develop first in one eye, but may spread to the other eye within 2–5 days. Conjunctivitis due to common
569:
and exudates and adhere loosely to the conjunctiva, while true membranes are more tightly adherent and cannot be easily peeled away. Cases of bacterial conjunctivitis that involve the production of membranes or pseudomembranes are associated with
1167:. Chemical injuries, particularly alkali burns, are medical emergencies, as they can lead to severe scarring and intraocular damage. People with chemically induced conjunctivitis should not touch their eyes to avoid spreading the chemical.
564:
spp. can cause a nonexudative but persistent conjunctivitis without much redness. Bacterial conjunctivitis may cause the production of membranes or pseudomembranes that cover the conjunctiva. Pseudomembranes consist of a combination of
372:(biomicroscope) may improve diagnostic accuracy. Examination of the palpebral conjunctiva, that overlying the inner aspects of the eyelids, is usually more diagnostic than examination of the bulbal conjunctiva, that overlying the sclera.
291:. Both viral and bacterial cases are easily spread between people. Allergies to pollen or animal hair are also a common cause. Diagnosis is often based on signs and symptoms. Occasionally, a sample of the discharge is sent for
3216:
3201:
617:
Irritant or toxic conjunctivitis is primarily marked by redness. If due to a chemical splash, it is often present in only the lower conjunctival sac. With some chemicals, above all with caustic alkalis such as
329:
About 3 to 6 million people get acute conjunctivitis each year in the United States. Typically, people get better in one or two weeks. If visual loss, significant pain, sensitivity to light or signs of
1128:, have disease which is thought to be due to chlamydia or gonorrhea, have a fair bit of pain, or have copious discharge. Gonorrheal or chlamydial infections require both oral and topical antibiotics.
1780:
642:
Omics technologies have been used to identify biomarkers that inform on the emergence and progression of conjunctivitis. For example, in chronic inflammatory cicatrizing conjunctivitis, active
302:. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. In the majority of viral cases, there is no specific treatment. Most cases due to a bacterial infection also resolve without treatment; however,
2963:
Isenberg SJ, Apt L, Valenton M, Del
Signore M, Cubillan L, Labrador MA, et al. (November 2002). "A controlled trial of povidone-iodine to treat infectious conjunctivitis in children".
276:. It makes the eye appear pink or reddish. Pain, burning, scratchiness, or itchiness may occur. The affected eye may have increased tears or be "stuck shut" in the morning. Swelling of the
1191:
An adenovirus was first isolated by Rowe et al. in 1953. Two years later, Jawetz et al. published on epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. "Madras eye" is a colloquial term that has been used in
2227:
1233:
alone. The rapid spread of the disease led to the temporary closure of schools in the region. This event marked one of the largest outbreaks of Pink Eye in the country's recent history.
864:, they are rarely done because of the cost and the general dearth of laboratory staff experienced in handling ocular specimens. Conjunctival incisional biopsy is occasionally done when
1883:
Zentani A, Burslem J (December 2009). "Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the
Manchester Royal Infirmary. BET 4: use of litmus paper in chemical eye injury".
909:
Neonatal conjunctivitis is often grouped separately from bacterial conjunctivitis because it is caused by different bacteria than the more common cases of bacterial conjunctivitis.
476:
Bacteria are responsible for approximately 70% of conjunctivitis in children and less than 20% of cases in adults. Common bacteria responsible for bacterial conjunctivitis are
1143:
may be used, typically for 7–10 days. Cases of meningococcal conjunctivitis can also be treated with systemic penicillin, as long as the strain is sensitive to penicillin.
3136:
287:
The most common infectious causes in adults are viral, whereas in children bacterial causes predominate. The viral infection may occur along with other symptoms of a
1057:
The most effective prevention is good hygiene, especially avoiding rubbing the eyes with infected hands. Vaccination against some of the causative pathogens such as
2312:
Mourad MS, Rihan RA (April 2018). "Prevalence of
Different Eye Diseases excluding Refractive Errors Presented at the Outpatient Clinic in Beheira Eye Hospital".
1772:
602:
substance gets in the eye. Alkali burns are typically worse than acidic burns. Mild burns produce conjunctivitis, while more severe burns may cause the
4318:
2480:
Sheikh A, Hurwitz B (2008). "BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS 372.05 (Infective
Conjunctivitis, Mucopurulent Conjunctivitis, Purulent Conjunctivitis)".
3715:
2223:
365:
of the eyes are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. However, the pupils should be normally reactive, and the visual acuity normal.
2449:
Cantarini L, Vitale A, Brizi MG, Caso F, Frediani B, Punzi L, et al. (2014). "Diagnosis and classification of relapsing polychondritis".
3040:
1095:) may be used to help with the symptoms. Povidone-iodine has been suggested as a treatment, but as of 2008, evidence to support it was poor.
1079:
Conjunctivitis resolves in 65% of cases without treatment, within 2–5 days. The prescription of antibiotics is not necessary in most cases.
4387:
4313:
280:
may also occur. Itching is more common in cases due to allergies. Conjunctivitis can affect one or both eyes. This was first
Identified in
334:
occur, or if symptoms do not improve after a week, further diagnosis and treatment may be required. Conjunctivitis in a newborn, known as
2813:
2349:"Inter-Relationship between Rhinitis and Conjunctivitis in Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Associated Risk Factors in Rural UK Children"
1071:
eye solution has been found to prevent neonatal conjunctivitis. It is becoming more commonly used globally because of its low cost.
726:
A24. These were first identified in an outbreak in Ghana in 1969, and have spread worldwide since then, causing several epidemics.
3118:
3327:
2287:
4335:
4330:
4155:
610:
may be used to test for chemical causes. When a chemical cause has been confirmed, the eye or eyes should be flushed until the
626:
of the conjunctiva marked by a deceptively white eye due to vascular closure may occur, followed by sloughing off of the dead
3034:
2807:
2600:
2524:
2497:
2260:
2146:
2021:
1864:
1758:
1354:
390:
100:
4195:
2406:
Puéchal X, Terrier B, Mouthon L, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Guillevin L, Le Jeunne C (March 2014). "Relapsing polychondritis".
1321:
368:
Conjunctivitis is identified by inflammation of the conjunctiva, manifested by irritation and redness. Examination using a
72:
4308:
1103:
For allergic conjunctivitis, cool water poured over the face with the head inclined downward constricts capillaries, and
4303:
4190:
3757:
2753:
Rose P (August 2007). "Management strategies for acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: a systematic review".
2514:
2093:"Molecular epidemiology of circulating human adenovirus types in acute conjunctivitis cases in Chandigarh, North India"
79:
4873:
4058:
3918:
119:
1087:
Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own and does not require any specific treatment. Antihistamines (e.g.,
4023:
2998:
4598:
4116:
4028:
703:
460:
of the peripheral small blood vessels), swelling of the conjunctiva, itching, and increased production of tears.
53:
764:. Chronic cases of bacterial conjunctivitis are those lasting longer than 3 weeks, and are typically caused by
86:
4018:
3747:
57:
3054:
Jhanji V, Chan TC, Li EY, Agarwal K, Vajpayee RB (September–October 2015). "Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis".
4111:
4002:
3868:
1204:
707:
4509:
4200:
4185:
1802:
Saadeh-Jackson S, Rodriguez L, Leffler CT, Freymiller C, Wolf E, Wijesooriya N, et al. (August 2022).
1131:
The choice of antibiotic varies based on the strain or suspected strain of bacteria causing the infection.
1036:
68:
2872:"Evidence-based treatment of acute infective conjunctivitis: Breaking the cycle of antibiotic prescribing"
3397:
3355:
3320:
770:
578:
397:
Viral conjunctivitis manifests as a fine, diffuse pinkness of the conjunctiva which may be mistaken for
4325:
4121:
4095:
4053:
4048:
3913:
3786:
3774:
3730:
1462:
1000:
980:
782:
Conjunctivitis may also be caused by allergens such as pollen, perfumes, cosmetics, smoke, dust mites,
3029:(12th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1787.
1859:. U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. p. 112.
816:
cross-reactivity following certain bacterial infections. Reactive arthritis is highly associated with
4504:
4392:
4298:
4145:
3990:
3791:
3737:
965:
2552:
Korkmaz Ekren P, Mogulkoc N, Toreyin ZN, Egrilmez S, Veral A, Akalın T, et al. (October 2016).
1478:"Madras eye outbreak in India: Why should we foster a better understanding of acute conjunctivitis?"
4043:
4014:
3638:
3603:
3231:
3144:
3024:
821:
795:
742:
22:
3089:
1179:
It is estimated that acute conjunctivitis affects 6 million people annually in the United States.
4514:
4268:
4068:
3588:
3581:
674:
Inclusion conjunctivitis of the newborn is a conjunctivitis that may be caused by the bacterium
437:
430:
335:
46:
1028:
condition that produces a similar appearance to conjunctivitis, but without discharge or tearing
4878:
4783:
4753:
4688:
4683:
4410:
3688:
3553:
3313:
1251:
1156:
1140:
760:
748:
658:
alterations, from which potential biomarkers linked to inflammatory processes were identified.
537:
515:
3271:
2797:
2250:
1344:
1115:
may be prescribed. Persistent allergic conjunctivitis may also require topical steroid drops.
4868:
4726:
4402:
2827:
Patel DS, Arunakirinathan M, Stuart A, Angunawela R (November 2017). "Allergic eye disease".
754:
736:
572:
554:
529:
511:
503:
441:
4370:
536:
bacteria causes marked grittiness or irritation and a stringy, opaque, greyish or yellowish
93:
4499:
4085:
4080:
4038:
3853:
3769:
2683:
2360:
1136:
924:
8:
4804:
4678:
4478:
4361:
4353:
4141:
4105:
4090:
3945:
3725:
3505:
3220:
1962:"Signaling lipids as diagnostic biomarkers for ocular surface cicatrizing conjunctivitis"
1960:
Di Zazzo A, Yang W, Coassin M, Micera A, Antonini M, Piccinni F, et al. (May 2020).
1160:
323:
315:
209:
4434:
2940:
2915:
2364:
2014:
Lippincott's
Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series)
1504:
1477:
4415:
4165:
4073:
3997:
3950:
3762:
3698:
3683:
3543:
3492:
2888:
2871:
2852:
2778:
2730:
2713:
2642:
2617:
2489:
2431:
2383:
2348:
2329:
2197:
2073:
1986:
1961:
1908:
1832:
1803:
1736:
1688:
1663:
1610:
1552:
1439:
1414:
1046:
809:
805:
718:. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is a highly contagious disease caused by one of two
414:
362:
354:
181:
3225:
3067:
2976:
2283:
4758:
4655:
4420:
4280:
4063:
3720:
3626:
3242:
3071:
3030:
2980:
2945:
2893:
2844:
2803:
2770:
2735:
2647:
2596:
2565:
2520:
2493:
2462:
2435:
2423:
2388:
2256:
2179:
2142:
2114:
2065:
2060:
2043:
2017:
1991:
1942:
1900:
1860:
1837:
1728:
1693:
1637:
1614:
1602:
1556:
1544:
1509:
1463:"What is Viral Conjunctivitis a.k.a. Sore Eyes? | National Institutes of Health"
1444:
1350:
1164:
1125:
566:
292:
223:
217:
165:
3282:
2782:
2333:
2077:
1912:
1740:
1124:
considered. Antibiotics are also recommended for those who wear contact lenses, are
884:
Conjunctivitis may be classified either by cause or by extent of the inflamed area.
4883:
4546:
4536:
4382:
4357:
4290:
4256:
4175:
3806:
3796:
3693:
3548:
3435:
3425:
3063:
2972:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2883:
2856:
2836:
2762:
2725:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2588:
2485:
2454:
2415:
2378:
2368:
2321:
2171:
2104:
2055:
1981:
1973:
1892:
1827:
1819:
1720:
1683:
1675:
1594:
1536:
1499:
1489:
1434:
1426:
1230:
1132:
1104:
1092:
975:
800:
647:
619:
520:
493:
410:
152:
1754:
833:
468:
4613:
4577:
4541:
4160:
3985:
3972:
3906:
3863:
3781:
3593:
3525:
3445:
3430:
3236:
2616:
O'Gallagher M, Banteka M, Bunce C, Larkin F, Tuft S, Dahlmann-Noor A (May 2016).
2592:
2419:
2373:
2175:
1242:
of all people with acute conjunctivitis present to primary care and urgent care.
1088:
1068:
1041:
971:
A more comprehensive differential diagnosis for the red or painful eye includes:
655:
205:
1313:
4843:
4695:
4640:
4483:
4251:
4180:
3962:
3932:
3878:
3832:
3703:
3510:
3500:
2766:
2458:
1977:
1629:
1011:
995:
783:
723:
711:
478:
406:
307:
3247:
3176:
1724:
4862:
4763:
4618:
4558:
4275:
4223:
4170:
4100:
4009:
3896:
3873:
3801:
3710:
3515:
3420:
3293:
2554:"Conjunctival Biopsy as a First Choice to Confirm a Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis"
2109:
2092:
1808:: A rare cause or an emerging bacterial etiology of neonatal conjunctivitis?"
1679:
1430:
1112:
1016:
865:
853:
614:
is in the range 6–8. Anaesthetic eye drops can be used to decrease the pain.
488:
319:
170:
3305:
3210:
2553:
2091:
Singh MP, Ram J, Kumar A, Rungta T, Gupta A, Khurana J, et al. (2018).
1896:
1494:
666:
544:
4628:
4456:
3837:
3752:
3660:
3538:
3533:
3478:
3473:
3075:
2984:
2949:
2897:
2848:
2774:
2739:
2651:
2569:
2466:
2427:
2392:
2183:
2118:
2069:
1995:
1946:
1904:
1841:
1732:
1697:
1641:
1606:
1548:
1513:
1448:
1025:
1021:
699:
483:
457:
265:
2583:
Roberts F, Thum CK (2021). "The
Conjunctival Biopsy". In Roberts F (ed.).
2347:
Perkin MR, Bader T, Rudnicka AR, Strachan DP, Owen CG (24 November 2015).
1598:
4827:
4778:
4721:
4716:
4673:
4651:
4562:
4553:
4473:
4451:
4263:
4235:
4033:
3901:
3742:
3563:
3440:
3392:
3339:
3266:
1540:
990:
918:
873:
719:
498:
425:
380:
299:
288:
269:
233:
186:
2405:
1801:
1209:
In
September 2023, a significant outbreak of conjunctivitis occurred in
857:
4748:
4711:
4635:
4623:
4567:
4528:
4349:
4239:
3598:
3463:
3288:
3164:
2284:"What Is Allergic Conjunctivitis? What Causes Allergic Conjunctivitis?"
1711:
Bielory L, Friedlaender MH (February 2008). "Allergic conjunctivitis".
1256:
1222:
985:
961:
849:
is used to identify the causative allergen in allergic conjunctivitis.
846:
813:
651:
627:
402:
303:
3193:
2840:
1823:
917:
Blepharoconjunctivitis is the dual combination of conjunctivitis with
4799:
4773:
4647:
4593:
4581:
4466:
4461:
4446:
4442:
3980:
3678:
3655:
3468:
3415:
3410:
3387:
3277:
2325:
1226:
1006:
957:
928:
861:
715:
643:
560:
453:
449:
369:
311:
174:
3103:
2826:
2551:
35:
4838:
4603:
4137:
3940:
3571:
1585:
Durand ML, Barshak MB, Sobrin L (December 2023). "Eye
Infections".
1210:
949:
679:
623:
533:
445:
358:
3137:"85 new cases of Pink Eye infection reported in Pakistan's Lahore"
2914:
Chen YY, Liu SH, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Kuo IC (March 2023).
1229:. By the end of the month, over 86,133 cases had been reported in
1107:
sometimes relieve discomfort in mild cases. In more severe cases,
586:
causes membrane formation in conjunctiva of unimmunized children.
4665:
4608:
4150:
3957:
3888:
3858:
3848:
3455:
2618:"Systemic treatment for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children"
2615:
1475:
1214:
1031:
953:
817:
281:
1664:"Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment"
1415:"Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment"
346:
4768:
3670:
3647:
3367:
3205:
2916:"Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis"
1346:
Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases E-Book
1218:
932:
631:
607:
603:
599:
595:
525:
448:
may differ among patients. Symptoms result from the release of
398:
331:
277:
273:
2962:
4740:
3119:"Punjab Announces Holiday for Schools Amid Pink Eye Outbreak"
3026:
Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing
2587:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 343–388.
1527:
Richards A, Guzman-Cottrill JA (May 2010). "Conjunctivitis".
1476:
Mohanasundaram AS, Gurnani B, Kaur K, Manikkam R (May 2023).
1192:
1108:
734:
The most common causes of acute bacterial conjunctivitis are
3820:
3382:
3104:"86,133 pink eye cases in Punjab in September and counting"
2346:
2162:
LĂ©vĂŞque N, Huguet P, Norder H, Chomel JJ (April 2010). "".
1857:
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
820:. Conjunctivitis is associated with the autoimmune disease
752:. Though very rare, hyperacute cases are usually caused by
2913:
2161:
1959:
2448:
630:. A slit lamp examination is likely to show evidence of
1526:
611:
1933:
Hodge C, Lawless M (July 2008). "Ocular emergencies".
318:
should be treated. Allergic cases can be treated with
2876:
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien
682:
conjunctivitis. However, it is usually self-healing.
3183:
2956:
2869:
2668:
Longo DL (2012). "Disorders of the Eye(Horton JC)".
2141:(3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Mosby. pp. 227–236.
2016:. Hagerstown MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1854:
714:
viruses, can be serious and requires treatment with
4369:
3053:
2512:
2090:
1710:
1627:
1584:
702:
are the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis (
524:may also cause conjunctivitis, particularly in the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3179:. MSBB Group, Leiden University. 28 February 2021.
2870:Visscher KL, Hutnik CM, Thomas M (November 2009).
2789:
2558:Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse Lung Diseases
2011:
4314:arteritic anterior (AAION or arteritic AION)
1342:
4860:
2252:The Daily Telegraph: Complete Guide to Allergies
2202:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1773:"Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis – Eye Disorders"
444:of the conjunctiva due to allergy. The specific
2007:
2005:
1713:Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
1636:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
1155:Conjunctivitis due to chemicals is treated via
2795:
2442:
1882:
21:"Pinkeye" redirects here. For other uses, see
3335:
3321:
2663:
2661:
2479:
1855:Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe C, eds. (2015).
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
4388:Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
2482:Roy and Fraunfelder's Current Ocular Therapy
2399:
2002:
1932:
270:outermost layer of the white part of the eye
3716:Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy
3375:
2920:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2802:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 454–.
2714:"The ocular application of povidone-iodine"
2622:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2582:
2311:
2136:
1661:
1412:
912:
3328:
3314:
2688:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2670:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
2658:
2609:
1563:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1109:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications
856:can be useful in detecting chlamydial and
151:
3177:"Metabolomics for Ocular Surface Disease"
2939:
2887:
2729:
2707:
2705:
2641:
2513:Mannis MJ, Macsai MS, Huntley AC (1996).
2382:
2372:
2314:The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
2132:
2130:
2128:
2108:
2059:
1985:
1831:
1687:
1503:
1493:
1438:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1349:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 502.
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
942:
927:is the combination of conjunctivitis and
808:: Conjunctivitis is part of the triad of
306:can shorten the illness. People who wear
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3022:
2711:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1878:
1876:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
832:
665:
543:
467:
456:, and consist of redness (mainly due to
424:
394:but may spread easily to the other eye.
379:
345:
2506:
2276:
2242:
2041:
2012:Fisher B, Harvey RP, Champe PC (2007).
1704:
1628:Hashmi MF, Gurnani B, Benson S (2023).
1198:
594:Chemical eye injury may result when an
338:, may also require specific treatment.
310:and those whose infection is caused by
4861:
2702:
2248:
2125:
2097:Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
1520:
1343:Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M (2017).
1269:
1236:
4825:
4221:
3624:
3353:
3309:
3116:
2909:
2907:
2816:from the original on 3 December 2016.
2667:
2307:
2305:
2230:from the original on 6 September 2015
2037:
2035:
2033:
1919:
1873:
1783:from the original on 28 December 2016
1765:
1363:
670:An eye with chlamydial conjunctivitis
341:
197:Viral conjunctivitis: up to two weeks
4196:Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
3171:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3043:from the original on 15 August 2016.
2752:
1662:Azari AA, Barney NP (October 2013).
1413:Azari AA, Barney NP (October 2013).
472:An eye with bacterial conjunctivitis
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
4319:non-arteritic anterior (NAION)
4156:Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
1587:The New England Journal of Medicine
837:The procedure of conjunctival swabs
812:, which is thought to be caused by
518:) may be the cause. Infection with
13:
4191:Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
2904:
2490:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2447-7.50182-1
2302:
2290:from the original on 16 March 2010
2216:
2030:
1777:Merck Manuals Professional Edition
1761:from the original on 22 June 2013.
1183:throughout the spring and summer.
1091:) or mast cell stabilizers (e.g.,
852:Although conjunctival scrapes for
774:, or Gram-negative enteric flora.
14:
4895:
3919:Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
3155:
3068:10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.04.001
2965:American Journal of Ophthalmology
2755:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
2164:Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses
1324:from the original on 9 March 2016
879:
548:Typical membranous conjunctivitis
4024:Central retinal artery occlusion
2684:"Protect Yourself From Pink Eye"
2533:from the original on 5 July 2014
2198:"Protect Yourself From Pink Eye"
2061:10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.01006.x
2044:"Acute bacterial conjunctivitis"
576:, β-hemolytic streptococci, and
160:An eye with viral conjunctivitis
34:
4029:Branch retinal artery occlusion
3758:Terrien's marginal degeneration
3129:
3110:
3096:
3082:
3047:
3016:
3003:American Optometric Association
2991:
2863:
2820:
2796:Bartlett JD, Jaanus SD (2008).
2746:
2676:
2585:Lee's Ophthalmic Histopathology
2576:
2545:
2473:
2340:
2190:
2155:
2084:
1953:
1848:
1795:
1747:
1482:Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
1170:
921:(inflammation of the eyelids).
704:adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis
452:and other active substances by
45:needs additional citations for
4826:
4059:Bietti's crystalline dystrophy
4019:Central retinal vein occlusion
3748:Pellucid marginal degeneration
2932:10.1002/14651858.CD001211.pub4
2634:10.1002/14651858.CD011750.pub2
2484:. Elsevier. pp. 332–334.
1804:"Ophthalmia neonatorum due to
1655:
1621:
1469:
1455:
1336:
1118:
876:) or dysplasia are suspected.
729:
1:
4112:Vitelliform macular dystrophy
4003:Posterior vitreous detachment
3869:Persistent pupillary membrane
3117:Ahmed S (27 September 2023).
2977:10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01701-4
1966:Journal of Molecular Medicine
1262:
1205:Pink eye outbreak in Pakistan
1150:
1098:
1074:
1052:
777:
708:Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis
637:
413:conjunctiva, and sometimes a
401:, but corroborative signs on
389:associated signs may include
272:and the inner surface of the
4599:Leber's congenital amaurosis
4510:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
4222:
4201:Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
4186:Persistent fetal vasculature
4117:Leber's congenital amaurosis
3090:"From pink eye to blindness"
2799:Clinical Ocular Pharmacology
2593:10.1007/978-3-030-76525-5_11
2420:10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.001
2374:10.1371/journal.pone.0143651
2249:Brooks P (25 October 2012).
2176:10.1016/j.medmal.2009.09.006
1037:Acute angle-closure glaucoma
828:
510:spp. and Niesseria species (
463:
7:
3398:Meibomian gland dysfunction
2137:Yanoff M, Duker JS (2008).
2042:Høvding G (February 2008).
1935:Australian Family Physician
1755:"Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis)"
1245:
887:
860:infections, allergies, and
589:
579:Corynebacterium diphtheriae
420:
359:swelling of the conjunctiva
10:
4900:
4122:Birdshot chorioretinopathy
4096:Central serous retinopathy
3914:Focal choroidal excavation
3787:Corneal neovascularization
3604:Subconjunctival hemorrhage
3354:
2767:10.1517/14656566.8.12.1903
2459:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.026
1978:10.1007/s00109-020-01907-w
1885:Emergency Medicine Journal
1202:
1186:
1082:
1001:Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
981:Subconjunctival hemorrhage
966:carotico-cavernous fistula
789:
694:
433:showing conjunctival edema
20:
4834:
4821:
4792:
4739:
4704:
4664:
4589:
4576:
4527:
4505:Convergence insufficiency
4492:
4433:
4401:
4378:
4348:
4289:
4247:
4234:
4230:
4217:
4146:Primary juvenile glaucoma
4130:
3991:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
3971:
3931:
3887:
3828:
3819:
3669:
3646:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3562:
3524:
3491:
3454:
3406:
3366:
3362:
3349:
3340:Diseases of the human eye
3257:
3187:
2224:"Allergic Conjunctivitis"
1725:10.1016/j.iac.2007.12.005
685:
678:, and may lead to acute,
251:3–6 million per year (US)
247:
243:Based on underlying cause
239:
229:
216:
201:
193:
180:
164:
159:
150:
142:
137:
4874:Disorders of conjunctiva
4015:Ocular ischemic syndrome
3145:Asian News International
2286:. medicalnewstoday.com.
2110:10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_17_258
1680:10.1001/jama.2013.280318
1431:10.1001/jama.2013.280318
1213:. The outbreak began in
913:By extent of involvement
822:relapsing polychondritis
796:Computer vision syndrome
743:Streptococcus pneumoniae
661:
405:, particularly numerous
375:
298:Prevention is partly by
23:Pinkeye (disambiguation)
4515:One and a half syndrome
4269:Foster Kennedy syndrome
3056:Survey of Ophthalmology
2451:Journal of Autoimmunity
1897:10.1136/emj.2009.086124
1495:10.4103/IJO.IJO_3317_22
438:Allergic conjunctivitis
431:allergic conjunctivitis
336:neonatal conjunctivitis
16:Inflammation of the eye
4754:Argyll Robertson pupil
3554:Periorbital cellulitis
2255:. Little, Brown Book.
1318:National Eye Institute
1314:"Facts About Pink Eye"
1252:Conjunctival suffusion
1217:and quickly spread to
1176:viral conjunctivitis.
1141:trimethoprim/polymyxin
1063:Neisseria meningitidis
1059:Haemophilus influenzae
943:Differential diagnosis
838:
761:Neisseria meningitidis
749:Haemophilus influenzae
671:
549:
516:Neisseria meningitidis
473:
434:
385:
351:
262:pink eye or Madras eye
4727:Scintillating scotoma
4393:Kearns–Sayre syndrome
4336:Toxic and nutritional
4309:posterior (PION)
3792:Kayser–Fleischer ring
1812:Clinical Case Reports
1599:10.1056/NEJMra2216081
836:
755:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
737:Staphylococcus aureus
722:, enterovirus 70 and
676:Chlamydia trachomatis
669:
573:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
555:Chlamydia trachomatis
547:
530:ophthalmia neonatorum
512:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
504:Moraxella catarrhalis
471:
428:
383:
349:
278:white part of the eye
4500:Conjugate gaze palsy
4371:Paralytic strabismus
4304:anterior (AION)
4086:Retinitis pigmentosa
4081:Macular degeneration
3854:Intermediate uveitis
3770:Keratoconjunctivitis
3106:. 28 September 2023.
3092:. 28 September 2023.
3023:Smeltzer SC (2010).
2718:Community Eye Health
2712:Isenberg SJ (2003).
2519:. Lippincott-Raven.
2516:Eye and skin disease
2226:. familydoctor.org.
2048:Acta Ophthalmologica
1541:10.1542/pir.31-5-196
1529:Pediatrics in Review
1199:Outbreak in Pakistan
1137:sodium sulfacetamide
1061:, pneumococcus, and
925:Keratoconjunctivitis
384:Viral conjunctivitis
54:improve this article
4805:Childhood blindness
4784:Parinaud's syndrome
4354:Extraocular muscles
4142:Ocular hypertension
4106:Epiretinal membrane
4091:Retinal haemorrhage
3946:Congenital cataract
2365:2015PLoSO..1043651P
1237:Society and culture
1065:is also effective.
324:mast cell inhibitor
222:Based on symptoms,
4331:Leber's hereditary
3998:Retinal detachment
3951:Childhood cataract
3763:Post-LASIK ectasia
3544:Orbital cellulitis
3493:Lacrimal apparatus
3258:External resources
1047:Orbital cellulitis
839:
810:reactive arthritis
806:Reactive arthritis
771:Moraxella lacunata
672:
567:inflammatory cells
550:
474:
435:
415:punctate keratitis
407:lymphoid follicles
386:
352:
342:Signs and symptoms
4856:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4759:Marcus Gunn pupil
4735:
4734:
4656:Visual impairment
4523:
4522:
4429:
4428:
4416:Fourth-nerve (IV)
4344:
4343:
4281:Optic disc drusen
4213:
4212:
4209:
4208:
3927:
3926:
3815:
3814:
3721:Corneal dystrophy
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3487:
3486:
3303:
3302:
3141:ETHealthworld.com
3036:978-0-7817-8589-1
2882:(11): 1071–1075.
2841:10.1136/bmj.j4706
2809:978-0-7506-7576-5
2761:(12): 1903–1921.
2602:978-3-030-76525-5
2526:978-0-7817-0269-0
2499:978-1-4160-2447-7
2262:978-1-4721-0394-9
2148:978-0-323-05751-6
2023:978-0-7817-8215-9
1866:978-0-9904491-1-9
1824:10.1002/ccr3.6201
1674:(16): 1721–1729.
1593:(25): 2363–2375.
1425:(16): 1721–1729.
1356:978-0-323-46132-0
1320:. November 2015.
1195:for the disease.
1126:immunocompromised
648:lysophospholipids
552:Bacteria such as
506:. Less commonly,
255:
254:
224:microbial culture
218:Diagnostic method
132:Medical condition
130:
129:
122:
104:
4891:
4823:
4822:
4587:
4586:
4578:Vision disorders
4537:Refractive error
4479:Brown's syndrome
4435:Other strabismus
4421:Sixth-nerve (VI)
4411:Oculomotor (III)
4383:Ophthalmoparesis
4376:
4375:
4367:
4366:
4358:Binocular vision
4291:Optic neuropathy
4257:optic papillitis
4245:
4244:
4232:
4231:
4219:
4218:
4108:(Macular pucker)
3826:
3825:
3807:Band keratopathy
3644:
3643:
3635:
3634:
3622:
3621:
3549:Orbital lymphoma
3436:Blepharophimosis
3426:Blepharochalasis
3373:
3372:
3364:
3363:
3351:
3350:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3149:
3148:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2999:"Conjunctivitis"
2995:
2989:
2988:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2943:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2690:. 2 October 2017
2680:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2453:. 48–49: 53–59.
2446:
2440:
2439:
2408:Joint Bone Spine
2403:
2397:
2396:
2386:
2376:
2359:(11): e0143651.
2344:
2338:
2337:
2326:10.12816/0045645
2320:(2): 2484–2489.
2309:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2204:. 2 October 2017
2194:
2188:
2187:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2134:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2063:
2039:
2028:
2027:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1989:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1835:
1806:Escherichia coli
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1719:(1): 43–58, vi.
1708:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1630:"Conjunctivitis"
1625:
1619:
1618:
1582:
1561:
1560:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1497:
1488:(5): 2298–2299.
1473:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1410:
1361:
1360:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1310:
1161:Ringer's lactate
1133:Fluoroquinolones
1105:artificial tears
976:Corneal abrasion
801:Dry eye syndrome
656:endocannabinoids
632:anterior uveitis
620:sodium hydroxide
521:Escherichia coli
494:strep pneumoniae
260:, also known as
155:
135:
134:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Conjunctivitis"
62:
38:
30:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4848:
4830:
4809:
4788:
4731:
4700:
4660:
4614:Color blindness
4580:
4572:
4519:
4493:Other binocular
4488:
4425:
4397:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4340:
4285:
4238:
4226:
4205:
4161:Ocular hypotony
4126:
3986:Chorioretinitis
3967:
3923:
3907:Chorioretinitis
3883:
3864:Rubeosis iridis
3842:
3811:
3782:Corneal opacity
3738:Corneal ectasia
3665:
3629:
3608:
3594:Pseudopterygium
3558:
3520:
3483:
3450:
3446:Ankyloblepharon
3402:
3358:
3345:
3344:
3334:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3253:
3252:
3196:
3175:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3115:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3052:
3048:
3037:
3021:
3017:
3007:
3005:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2961:
2957:
2926:(3): CD001211.
2912:
2905:
2868:
2864:
2825:
2821:
2810:
2794:
2790:
2751:
2747:
2710:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2666:
2659:
2628:(5): CD011750.
2614:
2610:
2603:
2581:
2577:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2527:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2478:
2474:
2447:
2443:
2404:
2400:
2345:
2341:
2310:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2135:
2126:
2089:
2085:
2040:
2031:
2024:
2010:
2003:
1958:
1954:
1931:
1920:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1853:
1849:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1757:. MedicineNet.
1753:
1752:
1748:
1709:
1705:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1626:
1622:
1583:
1564:
1525:
1521:
1474:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1411:
1364:
1357:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1312:
1311:
1270:
1265:
1248:
1239:
1207:
1201:
1189:
1173:
1165:saline solution
1153:
1121:
1101:
1089:diphenhydramine
1085:
1077:
1069:Povidone-iodine
1055:
1042:Endophthalmitis
945:
935:inflammation).
915:
890:
882:
831:
792:
780:
732:
697:
688:
664:
640:
606:to turn white.
592:
466:
423:
378:
344:
133:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4844:Onchocerciasis
4841:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4696:Quadrantanopia
4693:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4670:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4641:Oguchi disease
4633:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4584:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4533:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4484:Duane syndrome
4481:
4476:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4454:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4364:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4295:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4252:Optic neuritis
4248:
4242:
4228:
4227:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4181:Phthisis bulbi
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4064:Coats' disease
4061:
4056:
4054:of prematurity
4051:
4046:
4041:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3977:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3963:Ectopia lentis
3960:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3821:Vascular tunic
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3704:Photokeratitis
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3641:
3631:
3630:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3577:Conjunctivitis
3574:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3511:Dacryocystitis
3508:
3503:
3501:Dacryoadenitis
3497:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3370:
3360:
3359:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:Conjunctivitis
3285:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3239:
3228:
3213:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:Classification
3182:
3181:
3173:
3161:
3157:
3156:External links
3154:
3151:
3150:
3128:
3109:
3095:
3081:
3062:(5): 435–443.
3046:
3035:
3015:
2990:
2971:(5): 681–688.
2955:
2903:
2862:
2819:
2808:
2788:
2745:
2701:
2675:
2657:
2608:
2601:
2575:
2564:(3): 196–200.
2544:
2525:
2505:
2498:
2472:
2441:
2414:(2): 118–124.
2398:
2339:
2301:
2275:
2261:
2241:
2215:
2189:
2170:(4): 212–218.
2154:
2147:
2124:
2103:(1): 113–115.
2083:
2029:
2022:
2001:
1972:(5): 751–760.
1952:
1941:(7): 506–509.
1918:
1872:
1865:
1847:
1794:
1764:
1746:
1703:
1654:
1620:
1562:
1535:(5): 196–208.
1519:
1468:
1454:
1362:
1355:
1335:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1203:Main article:
1200:
1197:
1188:
1185:
1172:
1169:
1152:
1149:
1120:
1117:
1113:antihistamines
1100:
1097:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1014:
1012:Herpes simplex
1009:
1004:
998:
996:Dacryocystitis
993:
988:
983:
978:
968:is important.
944:
941:
914:
911:
907:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
889:
886:
881:
880:Classification
878:
830:
827:
826:
825:
803:
798:
791:
788:
784:Balsam of Peru
779:
776:
731:
728:
724:coxsackievirus
712:herpes simplex
696:
693:
687:
684:
663:
660:
639:
636:
591:
588:
584:C. diphtheriae
479:Staphylococcus
465:
462:
422:
419:
377:
374:
350:Bloodshot eyes
343:
340:
320:antihistamines
308:contact lenses
258:Conjunctivitis
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
220:
214:
213:
203:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
189:, scratchiness
184:
178:
177:
168:
162:
161:
157:
156:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
138:Conjunctivitis
131:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4896:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4879:Inflammations
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4820:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:Adie syndrome
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4619:Achromatopsia
4617:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4559:Anisometropia
4557:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4362:Accommodation
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4276:Optic atrophy
4274:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4176:Keratomycosis
4174:
4172:
4171:Globe rupture
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4101:Macular edema
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4010:Retinoschisis
4008:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3897:Choroideremia
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:Iridodialysis
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Arcus senilis
3800:
3798:
3797:Haab's striae
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:Corneal ulcer
3709:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:acanthamoebic
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:Fibrous tunic
3636:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3516:Xerophthalmia
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:Lagophthalmos
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3105:
3099:
3091:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3019:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2908:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2724:(46): 30–31.
2723:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2706:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2672:. McGra-Hill.
2671:
2664:
2662:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2264:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2245:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2166:(in French).
2165:
2158:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2139:Ophthalmology
2133:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1798:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1017:Herpes zoster
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
972:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
940:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
920:
910:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
891:
885:
877:
875:
871:
867:
866:granulomatous
863:
859:
855:
850:
848:
843:
835:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
787:
785:
775:
773:
772:
767:
763:
762:
757:
756:
751:
750:
745:
744:
739:
738:
727:
725:
721:
720:enteroviruses
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
692:
683:
681:
677:
668:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
587:
585:
581:
580:
575:
574:
568:
563:
562:
557:
556:
546:
542:
539:
535:
534:pus-producing
531:
527:
523:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:
495:
491:
490:
489:Streptococcus
485:
481:
480:
470:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
432:
427:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
392:
391:pre-auricular
382:
373:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
348:
339:
337:
333:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:
232:
228:
225:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
183:
179:
176:
172:
171:Ophthalmology
169:
167:
163:
158:
154:
149:
145:
141:
136:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
28:
24:
19:
4869:Eye diseases
4654: /
4650: /
4629:Monochromacy
4561: /
4457:Heterophoria
4445: /
4144: /
4140: /
4044:hypertensive
4017: /
3838:Ciliary body
3753:Keratoglobus
3661:Episcleritis
3576:
3539:Enophthalmos
3534:Exophthalmos
3479:Trichomegaly
3474:Distichiasis
3376:Inflammation
3287:
3276:
3265:
3241:
3230:
3215:
3200:
3168:
3140:
3131:
3123:Propakistani
3122:
3112:
3098:
3084:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3025:
3018:
3006:. Retrieved
3002:
2993:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2923:
2919:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2798:
2791:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2721:
2717:
2692:. Retrieved
2687:
2678:
2669:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2584:
2578:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2515:
2508:
2481:
2475:
2450:
2444:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2317:
2313:
2292:. Retrieved
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2251:
2244:
2234:18 September
2232:. Retrieved
2218:
2206:. Retrieved
2201:
2192:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2138:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2051:
2047:
2013:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1938:
1934:
1888:
1884:
1856:
1850:
1818:(8): e6201.
1815:
1811:
1805:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1776:
1767:
1749:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1633:
1623:
1590:
1586:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1457:
1422:
1418:
1345:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1317:
1240:
1208:
1190:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:Epidemiology
1154:
1145:
1130:
1122:
1102:
1086:
1078:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1026:inflammatory
1022:Episcleritis
970:
946:
937:
923:
916:
908:
883:
869:
851:
844:
840:
781:
769:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
733:
710:, caused by
700:Adenoviruses
698:
689:
675:
673:
641:
616:
608:Litmus paper
593:
583:
577:
571:
559:
553:
551:
519:
507:
502:species and
497:
487:
484:Staph aureus
477:
475:
458:vasodilation
442:inflammation
436:
429:An eye with
396:
387:
367:
353:
328:
297:
286:
266:inflammation
261:
257:
256:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
27:
18:
4779:Cycloplegia
4722:Photophobia
4717:Hemeralopia
4674:Hemianopsia
4652:Vision loss
4563:Aniseikonia
4554:Astigmatism
4474:Cyclotropia
4452:Hypertropia
4264:Papilledema
4236:Optic nerve
4069:Sickle cell
4049:Purtscher's
4034:Retinopathy
3902:Choroiditis
3743:Keratoconus
3564:Conjunctiva
3441:Xanthelasma
3393:Blepharitis
3267:MedlinePlus
3169:MedlinePlus
2054:(1): 5–17.
1891:(12): 887.
1787:31 December
991:Blepharitis
960:, and even
919:blepharitis
874:sarcoidosis
652:fatty acids
499:Haemophilus
304:antibiotics
300:handwashing
289:common cold
234:Handwashing
212:, allergies
187:Reddish eye
143:Other names
4863:Categories
4828:Infections
4749:Anisocoria
4712:Asthenopia
4705:subjective
4689:homonymous
4684:bitemporal
4636:Nyctalopia
4624:Dichromacy
4568:Presbyopia
4529:Refraction
4350:Strabismus
4240:Optic disc
3599:Pinguecula
3464:Trichiasis
3289:Patient UK
3243:DiseasesDB
3165:"Pink Eye"
2694:18 October
2208:7 December
1634:StatPearls
1263:References
1257:Ophthalmia
1223:Rawalpindi
1157:irrigation
1075:Management
1053:Prevention
986:Pinguecula
962:meningitis
905:Autoimmune
868:diseases (
847:patch test
842:clusters.
814:autoimmune
638:Biomarkers
628:epithelium
482:including
454:mast cells
417:are seen.
403:microscopy
230:Prevention
80:newspapers
4800:Nystagmus
4774:Mydriasis
4648:Blindness
4594:Amblyopia
4582:Blindness
4542:Hyperopia
4467:Exophoria
4462:Esophoria
4447:Exotropia
4443:Esotropia
3981:Retinitis
3679:Keratitis
3656:Scleritis
3589:Pterygium
3469:Madarosis
3416:Ectropion
3411:Entropion
3388:Chalazion
3283:emerg/110
3278:eMedicine
2835:: j4706.
2436:205754989
1615:266433325
1557:245084568
1227:Islamabad
1119:Bacterial
1007:Keratitis
1003:(dry eye)
958:keratitis
929:keratitis
902:Chemicals
862:dysplasia
829:Diagnosis
766:S. aureus
730:Bacterial
716:aciclovir
644:oxylipins
561:Moraxella
538:discharge
508:Chlamydia
464:Bacterial
450:histamine
446:allergens
370:slit lamp
316:chlamydia
312:gonorrhea
248:Frequency
240:Treatment
210:bacterial
175:optometry
166:Specialty
4839:Trachoma
4604:Diplopia
4299:Ischemic
4224:Pathways
4138:Glaucoma
4039:diabetic
3941:Cataract
3879:Synechia
3731:Meesmann
3699:Exposure
3684:herpetic
3582:allergic
3572:Chemosis
3506:Epiphora
3076:26077630
3041:Archived
3008:15 March
2985:12429243
2950:36912752
2941:10014114
2898:19910590
2849:29097360
2814:Archived
2783:45899988
2775:17696792
2740:17491857
2652:27236587
2570:27758983
2537:23 April
2531:Archived
2467:24461536
2428:24556284
2393:26600465
2353:PLOS ONE
2334:80882721
2288:Archived
2268:15 April
2228:Archived
2184:19836177
2119:29735838
2078:20629824
2070:17970823
1996:32313985
1947:18592066
1913:38124735
1905:19934140
1842:35949413
1781:Archived
1759:Archived
1741:34371872
1733:18282545
1698:24150468
1642:31082078
1607:38118024
1549:20435711
1514:37202982
1505:10391441
1449:24150468
1322:Archived
1246:See also
1211:Pakistan
1151:Chemical
1099:Allergic
1093:cromolyn
950:glaucoma
896:Bacteria
854:cytology
778:Allergic
680:purulent
624:necrosis
600:alkaline
590:Chemical
528:subtype
526:neonatal
492:such as
421:Allergic
363:watering
194:Duration
182:Symptoms
146:Pink eye
110:May 2024
4884:Measles
4679:binasal
4666:Anopsia
4609:Scotoma
4403:palsies
4166:Red eye
4151:Floater
3958:Aphakia
3889:Choroid
3859:Hyphema
3849:Uveitis
3456:Eyelash
3237:D003231
2889:2776793
2857:5316455
2731:1705857
2643:9257284
2384:4658044
2361:Bibcode
2294:6 April
1987:7220886
1833:9354094
1689:4049531
1440:4049531
1328:8 March
1215:Karachi
1187:History
1032:Uveitis
954:uveitis
933:corneal
899:Viruses
893:Allergy
818:HLA-B27
409:on the
355:Red eye
326:drops.
293:culture
268:of the
94:scholar
4769:Miosis
4547:Myopia
4326:Kjer's
4074:photic
3973:Retina
3726:Fuchs'
3694:fungal
3671:Cornea
3648:Sclera
3431:Ptosis
3368:Eyelid
3356:Adnexa
3272:001010
3074:
3033:
2983:
2948:
2938:
2896:
2886:
2855:
2847:
2806:
2781:
2773:
2738:
2728:
2650:
2640:
2599:
2568:
2523:
2496:
2465:
2434:
2426:
2391:
2381:
2332:
2259:
2182:
2145:
2117:
2076:
2068:
2020:
1994:
1984:
1945:
1911:
1903:
1863:
1840:
1830:
1739:
1731:
1696:
1686:
1647:23 May
1640:
1613:
1605:
1555:
1547:
1512:
1502:
1447:
1437:
1353:
1231:Punjab
1225:, and
1219:Lahore
888:Causes
858:fungal
746:, and
686:Causes
654:, and
604:cornea
596:acidic
411:tarsal
399:iritis
361:, and
332:herpes
282:Madras
274:eyelid
202:Causes
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4793:Other
4741:Pupil
4131:Other
3775:sicca
3627:Globe
3526:Orbit
3226:372.0
2853:S2CID
2779:S2CID
2432:S2CID
2330:S2CID
2074:S2CID
1909:S2CID
1737:S2CID
1611:S2CID
1553:S2CID
1193:India
1159:with
1139:, or
1083:Viral
1024:- an
790:Other
695:Viral
662:Other
376:Viral
264:, is
206:Viral
101:JSTOR
87:books
3933:Lens
3833:Iris
3383:Stye
3248:3067
3232:MeSH
3221:9-CM
3072:PMID
3031:ISBN
3010:2024
2981:PMID
2946:PMID
2894:PMID
2845:PMID
2804:ISBN
2771:PMID
2736:PMID
2696:2017
2648:PMID
2626:2016
2597:ISBN
2566:PMID
2539:2014
2521:ISBN
2494:ISBN
2463:PMID
2424:PMID
2389:PMID
2296:2010
2270:2014
2257:ISBN
2236:2015
2210:2018
2180:PMID
2143:ISBN
2115:PMID
2066:PMID
2018:ISBN
1992:PMID
1943:PMID
1901:PMID
1861:ISBN
1838:PMID
1789:2016
1729:PMID
1694:PMID
1668:JAMA
1649:2023
1638:PMID
1603:PMID
1545:PMID
1510:PMID
1445:PMID
1419:JAMA
1351:ISBN
1330:2016
1111:and
870:e.g.
514:and
73:news
3217:ICD
3211:H10
3202:ICD
3064:doi
2973:doi
2969:134
2936:PMC
2928:doi
2884:PMC
2837:doi
2833:359
2829:BMJ
2763:doi
2726:PMC
2638:PMC
2630:doi
2589:doi
2486:doi
2455:doi
2416:doi
2379:PMC
2369:doi
2322:doi
2172:doi
2105:doi
2056:doi
1982:PMC
1974:doi
1893:doi
1828:PMC
1820:doi
1721:doi
1684:PMC
1676:doi
1672:310
1595:doi
1591:389
1537:doi
1500:PMC
1490:doi
1435:PMC
1427:doi
1423:310
1163:or
964:or
758:or
706:).
622:,
598:or
582:.
558:or
440:is
322:or
314:or
56:by
4865::
3292::
3281::
3270::
3246::
3235::
3224::
3209::
3206:10
3167:.
3143:.
3139:.
3121:.
3070:.
3060:60
3058:.
3039:.
3001:.
2979:.
2967:.
2944:.
2934:.
2922:.
2918:.
2906:^
2892:.
2880:55
2878:.
2874:.
2851:.
2843:.
2831:.
2812:.
2777:.
2769:.
2757:.
2734:.
2722:16
2720:.
2716:.
2704:^
2686:.
2660:^
2646:.
2636:.
2624:.
2620:.
2595:.
2562:33
2560:.
2556:.
2529:.
2492:.
2461:.
2430:.
2422:.
2412:81
2410:.
2387:.
2377:.
2367:.
2357:10
2355:.
2351:.
2328:.
2318:71
2316:.
2304:^
2200:.
2178:.
2168:40
2127:^
2113:.
2101:36
2099:.
2095:.
2072:.
2064:.
2052:86
2050:.
2046:.
2032:^
2004:^
1990:.
1980:.
1970:98
1968:.
1964:.
1939:37
1937:.
1921:^
1907:.
1899:.
1889:26
1887:.
1875:^
1836:.
1826:.
1816:10
1814:.
1810:.
1779:.
1775:.
1735:.
1727:.
1717:28
1715:.
1692:.
1682:.
1670:.
1666:.
1632:.
1609:.
1601:.
1589:.
1565:^
1551:.
1543:.
1533:31
1531:.
1508:.
1498:.
1486:71
1484:.
1480:.
1443:.
1433:.
1421:.
1417:.
1365:^
1316:.
1271:^
1221:,
1135:,
956:,
952:,
872:,
845:A
768:,
740:,
650:,
646:,
634:.
612:pH
496:,
486:,
357:,
295:.
284:.
208:,
173:,
3329:e
3322:t
3315:v
3219:-
3204:-
3194:D
3147:.
3125:.
3078:.
3066::
3012:.
2987:.
2975::
2952:.
2930::
2924:3
2900:.
2859:.
2839::
2785:.
2765::
2759:8
2742:.
2698:.
2654:.
2632::
2605:.
2591::
2572:.
2541:.
2502:.
2488::
2469:.
2457::
2438:.
2418::
2395:.
2371::
2363::
2336:.
2324::
2298:.
2272:.
2238:.
2212:.
2186:.
2174::
2151:.
2121:.
2107::
2080:.
2058::
2026:.
1998:.
1976::
1949:.
1915:.
1895::
1869:.
1844:.
1822::
1791:.
1743:.
1723::
1700:.
1678::
1651:.
1617:.
1597::
1559:.
1539::
1516:.
1492::
1465:.
1451:.
1429::
1359:.
1332:.
931:(
824:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
