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1840:. Some modern illusionists believe that it is unethical to give a performance that claims to be anything other than a clever and skillful deception. Others argue that they can claim that the effects are due to magic. These apparently irreconcilable differences of opinion have led to some conflicts among performers. Another issue is the use of deceptive practices for personal gain outside the venue of a magic performance. Examples include fraudulent mediums,
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1742:. Here magicians, both seasoned and novitiate, can work together and help one another for mutual improvement, to learn new techniques, to discuss all aspects of magic, to perform for each other—sharing advice, encouragement, and criticism. Before a magician can join one of these clubs, they usually have to audition. The purpose is to show to the membership they are a magician and not just someone off the street wanting to discover magic secrets.
449:—which eventually came to mean any foreign, unorthodox, or illegitimate ritual practice. To the general public, successful acts of illusion could be perceived as if it were similar to a feat of magic supposed to have been able to be performed by the ancient magoi. The performance of tricks of illusion, or magical illusion, and the apparent workings and effects of such acts have often been referred to as "magic" and particularly as magic tricks.
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something, like cutting a head off, and then "restore" it, make something appear to move from one place to another, or they may escape from a restraining device. Other illusions include making something appear to defy gravity, making a solid object appear to pass through another object, or appearing to predict the choice of a spectator. Many magic routines use combinations of effects.
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1647:: The magician defies gravity, either by making something float in the air, or with the aid of another object (suspension)—a silver ball floats around a cloth, an assistant floats in mid-air, another is suspended from a broom, a scarf dances in a sealed bottle, the magician levitates his own body in midair. There are many popular ways to create this illusion, including
1995:, in which a pea is hidden under one of three walnut shells, then shuffled around the table (or sidewalk) so slowly as to make the pea's position seemingly obvious. Although these are well known as frauds, people still lose money on them; a shell-game ring was broken up in Los Angeles as recently as December 2009.
782:. Houdini was genuinely skilled in techniques such as lockpicking and escaping straitjackets, but also made full use of the range of conjuring techniques, including fake equipment and collusion with individuals in the audience. Houdini's show-business savvy was as great as his performance skill. There is a
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Dedication to magic can teach confidence and creativity, as well as the work ethic associated with regular practice and the responsibility that comes with devotion to an art. The teaching of performance magic was once a secretive practice. Professional magicians were unwilling to share knowledge with
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Bizarre magic is a branch of stage magic that creates eerie effects through its use of narratives and esoteric imagery. The experience may be more akin to small, intimate theater or to a conventional magic show. Bizarre magic often uses horror, supernatural, and science fiction imagery in addition to
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He takes an empty bag, lays it on the Table and turns it several times inside out, then commands 100 Eggs out of it and several showers of real Gold and silver, then the Bag beginning to swell several sorts of wild fowl run out of it upon the Table. He throws up a Pack of Cards, and causes them to be
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until the end of the 19th century, only a few books were available for magicians to learn the craft, whereas today mass-market books offer a myriad titles. Videos and DVDs are newer media, but many of the methods found in this format are readily found in previously published books. However, they can
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Teleportation: The magician causes something to move from one place to another—a borrowed ring is found inside a ball of wool, a canary inside a light bulb, an assistant from a cabinet to the back of the theatre, or a coin from one hand to the other. When two objects exchange places, it is called a
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in which the magician places an audience member's watch only to later produce several feet away inside a wooden frame. Mechanical magic requires a certain degree of sleight of hand and carefully functioning mechanisms and devices to be performed convincingly. This form of magic was popular around
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aired in 1997, the term "street magic" has also come to describe a style of 'guerilla' performance in which magicians approach and perform for unsuspecting members of the public on the street. Unlike traditional street magic, this style is almost purely designed for TV and gains its impact from the
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Theatrical magic describes a dramaturgically well thought-out performance that has been specially designed for the theater and theater-like situations. It is not about individual tricks that are strung together, but about logical connections of tricks that lead to a story. The protagonists of this
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is done for larger audiences than close-up magic (which is for a few people or even one person) and for smaller audiences than stage magic. In parlor magic, the performer is usually standing and on the same level as the audience, which may be seated on chairs or even on the floor. According to the
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in 1845. He transformed his art from one performed at fairs to a performance that the public paid to see at the theatre. His speciality was constructing mechanical automata that appeared to move and act as if alive. Many of Robert-Houdin's mechanisms for illusion were pirated by his assistant and
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shows. For many recorded centuries, magicians were associated with the devil and the occult. During the 19th and 20th centuries, many stage magicians even capitalized on this notion in their advertisements. The same level of ingenuity that was used to produce famous ancient deceptions such as the
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Some modern illusionists believe that it is unethical to give a performance that claims to be anything other than a clever and skillful deception. Most of these performers therefore eschew the term "magician" (which they view as making a claim to supernatural power) in favor of "illusionist" and
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Camera magic (or "video magic") is magic that is aimed at viewers watching broadcasts or recordings. It includes tricks based on the restricted viewing angles of cameras and clever editing. Camera magic often features paid extras posing as spectators who may even be assisting in the performance.
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Corporate magic or trade show magic uses magic as a communication and sales tool, as opposed to just straightforward entertainment. Corporate magicians may come from a business background and typically present at meetings, conferences and product launches. They run workshops and can sometimes be
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Many books have been written about magic tricks; so many are written every year that at least one magic author has suggested that more books are written about magic than any other performing art. Although the bulk of these books are not seen on the shelves of libraries or public bookstores, the
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Magicians describe the type of tricks they perform in various ways. Opinions vary as to how to categorize a given effect, and disagreement as to what categories actually exist. For instance, some magicians consider "penetrations" a separate category, while others consider penetrations a form of
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Because of the secretive nature of magic, research can be a challenge. Many magic resources are privately held and most libraries only have small populist collections of magicana. However, organizations exist to band together independent collectors, writers, and researchers of magic history,
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made his first appearances on television in the 1970s to exhibit his self-proclaimed psychic ability to bend spoons, his actions still provoke controversy among some magic performers, because he claimed what he did was not an illusion. On the other hand, because Geller bent—and continues to
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creates the impression in the minds of the audience that the performer possesses special powers to read thoughts, predict events, control other minds, and similar feats. It can be presented on a stage, in a cabaret setting, before small close-up groups, or even for one spectator. Well-known
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by T.A. Waters, "The phrase is often used as a pejorative to imply that an effect under discussion is not suitable for professional performance." Also, many magicians consider the term "parlor" old fashioned and limiting, since this type of magic is often done in rooms much larger than the
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Opinions vary among magicians on how to categorize a given effect, but a number of categories have been developed. Magicians may pull a rabbit from an empty hat, make something seem to disappear, or transform a red silk handkerchief into a green silk handkerchief. Magicians may also destroy
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is performed for an audience primarily composed of children. It is typically performed at birthday parties, preschools, elementary schools, Sunday schools, or libraries. This type of magic is usually comedic in nature and involves audience interaction as well as volunteer assistants.
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anyone outside the profession to prevent the laity from learning their secrets. This often made it difficult for an interested apprentice to learn anything but the basics of magic. Some had strict rules against members discussing magic secrets with anyone but established magicians.
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Many of the principles of stage magic are old. There is an expression, "it's all done with smoke and mirrors", used to explain something baffling, but effects seldom use mirrors today, due to the amount of installation work and transport difficulties. For example, the famous
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Penetration: The magician makes a solid object pass through another—a set of steel rings link and unlink, a candle penetrates an arm, swords pass through an assistant in a basket, a salt shaker penetrates a tabletop, or a man walks through a mirror. Sometimes referred to as
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to create a "magic show" for his audience. More recently, virtual performers have been experimenting with captivating digital animations and illusions that blur the lines between magic tricks and reality. In some cases, the computer essentially replaces the online magician.
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Some online magic tricks recreate traditional card tricks and require user participation, while others, like Plato's Cursed
Triangle, are based on mathematical, geometrical, and/or optical illusions. One such online magic trick, called Esmeralda's Crystal Ball, became a
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1781:, which houses the largest magic library in Europe. Also PSYCRETS—The British Society of Mystery Entertainers—caters specifically to mentalists, bizarrists, storytellers, readers, spiritualist performers, and other mystery entertainers. Davenport's Magic in London's
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are performed for large audiences, typically within a theatre or auditorium. This type of magic is distinguished by large-scale props, the use of assistants and often exotic animals such as elephants and tigers. Famous stage illusionists, past and present, include
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Online magic tricks were designed to function on a computer screen. The computer screen affords ways to incorporate magic from the magician's wand to the computer mouse. The use of computing technologies in performance can be traced back to a 1984 presentation by
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magicians use magic to misdirect members of the audience while removing wallets, belts, ties, and other personal effects. It can be presented on a stage, in a cabaret setting, before small close-up groups, or even for one spectator. Well-known pickpockets include
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simulate spiritualistic or mediumistic phenomena for theatrical effect. This genre of stage magic has been misused at times by charlatans pretending to actually be in contact with spirits or supernatural forces. For this reason, some well-known magicians such as
458:, was published in 1584. It was created by Reginald Scot to stop people from being killed for witchcraft. During the 17th century, many books were published that described magic tricks. Until the 18th century, magic shows were a common source of entertainment at
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discussed how technology will continue to play a role in magic by influencing media and communication. According to
Jillette, magicians continue to innovate in not only digital communication but also live performances that utilize digital effects. The 2020
760:) imagery. The potential of the stage was exploited for hidden mechanisms and assistants, and the control it offers over the audience's point of view. Maskelyne and Cooke invented many of the illusions still performed today—one of his best-known being
1991:" is an old favourite of street hustlers, who lure the victim into betting on what seems like a simple proposition: to identify, after a seemingly easy-to-track mixing sequence, which one of three face-down cards is the Queen. Another example is the
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performed interactive magic tricks live on TV from 1993 to 1997. Viewers were able to call Wittus Witt live in the television studio and perform a magic trick with him directly. In total, Witt performed this special magic 87 times, every other week.
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makes these points by billing himself as an "honest liar". Alternatively, many performers say that magical acts, as a form of theatre, need no more of a disclaimer than any play or film; this policy was advocated by the magician and mentalist
916:, a stage illusion first used in 19th-century London, required a specially built theatre. Modern performers have vanished objects as large as the Taj Mahal, the Statue of Liberty, and a space shuttle, using other kinds of optical deceptions.
1202:(AKA "The Amazing Randi") have made it their goal to debunk such paranormal phenomena and illustrate that any such effects may be achieved by natural or human means. Randi was the "foremost skeptic" in this regard in the United States.
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Prediction: The magician accurately predicts the choice of a spectator or the outcome of an event—a newspaper headline, the total amount of loose change in the spectator's pocket, a picture drawn on a slate—under seemingly impossible
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As a form of entertainment, magic easily moved from theatrical venues to television specials, which opened up new opportunities for deceptions, and brought stage magic to huge audiences. Famous magicians of the 20th century included
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from ancient times onwards to frighten uneducated people into obedience or turn them into adherents. However, the profession of the illusionist gained strength only in the 18th century, and has enjoyed several popular vogues since.
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Traditionally, magicians refuse to reveal the methods behind their tricks to the audience. Membership in professional magicians' organizations often requires a commitment never to reveal the secrets of magic to non-magicians. When
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Transposition: A transposition involves two or more objects. The magician will cause these objects to change places, as many times as he pleases, and in some cases, ends with a kicker by transforming the objects into something
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in the 1840s. Towards the end of the 19th century, large magic shows permanently staged at big theatre venues became the norm. As a form of entertainment, magic easily moved from theatrical venues to television magic specials.
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Performances that modern observers would recognize as conjuring have been practiced throughout history. For example, a trick with three cups and balls has been performed since 3 BC and is still performed today on stage and in
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627:. In the early 18th century, as belief in witchcraft was waning, the art became increasingly respectable and shows would be put on for rich private patrons. A notable figure in this transition was the English showman,
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found at trade shows, where their patter and illusions enhance an entertaining presentation of the products offered by their corporate sponsors. Pioneer performers in this arena include Eddie
Tullock and
1889:. "The letters were shamelessly predatory and manipulative, variously promising riches, protection from ill-health, and even personal friendship to each recipient – all to get the victim to send money."
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Performance magic is particularly notable as a key area of popular culture from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries. Many performances and performers can be followed through newspapers of the time.
1641:) or a death trap, and escapes to safety. Examples include being put in a straitjacket and into an overflowing tank of water, and being tied up and placed in a car being sent through a car crusher.
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transposition: a simultaneous, double transportation. A transportation can be seen as a combination of a vanish and a production. When performed by a mentalist it might be called teleportation.
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the turn of the 19th century—today, many of the original mechanisms used for this magic have become antique collector's pieces and may require significant and careful restoration to function.
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is a form of stage magic in which the magician uses a variety of mechanical devices to perform acts that appear to be physically impossible. Examples include such things as a false-bottomed
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living birds flying about the room. He causes living Beasts, Birds, and other
Creatures to appear upon the Table. He blows the spots of the Cards off and on, and changes them to any pictures.
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A magician, from the point of view of the audience, seemingly igniting fire out of nowhere from the palm, which can be deemed either stage or shock magic. It can even promote religion.
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Less fraught with controversy, however, may be the use of deceptive practices by those who employ stage magic techniques for personal gain outside the venue of a magic performance.
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have begun to challenge the notion that all magic effects fit into a limited number of categories. Among magicians who believe in a limited number of categories (such as
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was barred from sending fraudulent letters to solicit money from the elderly. "This settlement ends these efforts to cheat Iowa's most vulnerable people," stated
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was widespread and the book tried to demonstrate that these fears were misplaced. Popular belief held that all obtainable copies were burned on the accession of
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These apparently irreconcilable differences of opinion have led to some conflicts among performers. For example, more than thirty years after the illusionist
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Production: The magician produces something from nothing—a rabbit from an empty hat, a fan of cards from thin air, a shower of coins from an empty bucket, a
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771:(1844–1896), also known as Herrmann the Great. Herrmann was a French magician and was part of the Herrmann family name that is the "first-family of magic".
1035:(or table magic) is performed with the audience close to the magician, sometimes even one-on-one. It usually makes use of everyday items as props, such as
778:(1874–1926) took his stage name from Robert-Houdin and developed a range of stage magic tricks, many of them based on what became known after his death as
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achieved widespread commercial success during what has become known as "the Golden Age of Magic", a period in which performance magic became a staple of
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magic is the use of magic which is combined with the very quick changing of costumes. Famous quick-change artists include Sos & Victoria
Petrosyan.
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traditional parlor, or even outdoors. A better term for this branch of magic may be "platform", "club" or "cabaret". Examples of such magicians include
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Classical magic is a style of magic that conveys feelings of elegance and skill akin to prominent magicians of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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with a handheld pattern giving a reversed shadow by mirror symmetry. "It's all done with smoke and mirrors," as we say to explain something baffling.
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2008:, which publishes a monthly newsletter and biannual magazine, and offers its members use of a searchable database of rare books and periodicals.
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The methodology behind magic is often referred to as a science (often a branch of physics) while the performance aspect is more of an art form.
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Almond, Philip C. (2009). "King James I and the burning of
Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft: The invention of a tradition".
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creates the illusion that the magician can read minds. Comedy magic is the use of magic combined with stand-up comedy, an example being
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Vanish: The magician makes something disappear—a coin, a cage of doves, milk from a newspaper, an assistant from a cabinet, or even the
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During the 17th century, many similar books were published that described in detail the methods of a number of magic tricks, including
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Transformation: The magician transforms something from one state into another—a silk handkerchief changes color, a lady turns into a
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1574:, S.H. Sharpe), there has been disagreement as to how many different types of effects there are. Some of these are listed below.
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or his workshop. Notice how the man in the back row steals another man's purse while applying misdirection by looking at the sky.
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Shock magic is a genre of magic that shocks the audience. Sometimes referred to as "geek magic", it takes its roots from circus
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1866:, who stated "For those who believe, no explanation is necessary; for those who do not believe, no explanation will suffice."
1503:'s lottery prediction. Famous examples of camera magic include David Copperfield's Floating Over the Grand Canyon and many of
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that fooled so many computer users into believing that their computer had supernatural powers, that the fact-checking website
1691:" a magician may use vanishes, productions, penetrations, teleportation and transformations as part of the one presentation.
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including the Magic
Collectors' Association, which publishes a quarterly magazine and hosts an annual convention; and the
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phenomena to prey on the bereaved for financial gain. From the 1840s to the 1920s, during the greatest popularity of the
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is an obvious example, and not a surprising one: one of the most respected textbooks of card techniques for magicians,
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by tricks, effects, or illusions of seemingly impossible feats, using natural means. It is to be distinguished from
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Taylor, Nik; Nolan, Stuart. "Performing
Fabulous Monsters: re-inventing the gothic personae in bizarre magick".
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Halbe
Wahrheit – Ganzes Vergnügen, book by Franz Schiffer,Eppe Co., ISBN 978-3-89089-861-2, 2008, page 125
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to come back to school, to accept assistance and to attend church. The Jewish equivalent is termed Torah magic.
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Towards the end of the century, large magic shows permanently staged at big theatre venues became the norm. The
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The model for the look of a 'typical' magician—a man with wavy hair, a top hat, a goatee, and a tailcoat—was
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Comedy magic is the use of magic in which is combined with stand-up comedy. Famous comedy magicians include
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3029:"The Magician's Oath: A Conversation with Pat Hammond on Magic, Science, and the Wind | Drachen Foundation"
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serious student can find many titles through specialized stores catering to the needs of magic performers.
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Romano, Chuck (January 1995). "The Art of
Deception, or The Magical Affinity Between Conjuring and Art".
2305:"Influencing choices with conversational primes: How a magic trick unconsciously influences card choices"
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2367:"The Family Romance of Modern Magic: Contesting Robert-Houdin's Cultural Legacy in Contemporary France"
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607:' show from 1724 in which he boasts of the success of his performances for the King and Prince George
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3237:"Judgment Bars New York-based Mailing Operation from Iowa; Miller Alleged Company Defrauded Elderly"
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Monstrous media/spectral subjects : imaging Gothic from the nineteenth century to the present
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Escape: The magician (or less often, an assistant) is placed in a restraining device (e.g.,
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Well known illusionist David Blaine performs magic for Barack Obama at the White House, 2016
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Hollingworth, Guy. "Waiting For Inspiration." Genii Magazine. January 2008 – December 2008.
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Rissanen, Olli; Pitkänen, Petteri; Juvonen, Antti; Kuhn, Gustav; Hakkarainen, Kai (2014).
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ushered onto the world stage a surge of online magic shows. These shows are performed via
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performed feats of magic, sometimes under the guise of scientific exhibitions, throughout
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that employs a hybrid of stage magic, platform, and close-up magic, usually performed '
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Magic has retained its popularity into the 21st century by adapting to the mediums of
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and grifters too may use techniques of stage magic for fraudulent goals. Cheating at
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to give the appearance of removing chicken-giblet "tumors" from patients' abdomens.
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Restoration: The magician destroys an object—a rope is cut, a newspaper is torn, a
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2115:"David Copperfield Is The Magic Force Behind A Must-Read Congressional Resolution"
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Hass, Larry & Burger, Eugene (November 2000). "The Theory and Art of Magic".
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1390:' or surrounded by the audience. Notable modern street magic performers include
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is the branch of magic that deals with escapes from confinement or restraints.
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Harry Houdini. A Magician Among the Spirits (New York: Harper and Bros., 1924)
353:, although they often share their techniques through both formal and informal
4285:
3992:
3942:
3158:
2922:
2690:
2485:
2270:
1962:
1935:
1725:
1391:
1320:
1247:
1087:
1056:
889:
775:
741:
611:
Until the 18th century, magic shows were a common source of entertainment at
557:
535:
493:
264:
174:
2548:
2378:
2329:
796:
was formed in London in 1905 to promote and advance the art of stage magic.
530:
4080:
4017:
3987:
3592:"Plaster Perspectives on "Magical" Gems: Rethinking the Meaning of "Magic""
2348:
2289:
1955:
1947:
1786:
1638:
1500:
1412:
1403:
1379:
1356:
1239:
1163:
1115:
1036:
1017:
1005:
995:
973:
877:
869:
857:
849:
837:
805:
628:
604:
489:
484:
339:
331:
327:
319:
292:
284:
260:
252:
237:
1938:
devoted much of his time to exposing such fraudulent operators. Magician
570:
manipulations with rope, paper and coins. At the time, fear and belief in
3917:
3768:
2051:
1939:
1927:
1832:
magicians take audience members' wallets, wristwatches, belts, and ties.
1802:
1504:
1399:
1324:
1279:
1199:
1143:
873:
861:
757:
707:
323:
229:
129:
2939:
Twentieth Century Magic and the Construction of Modern Magical Apparatus
2647:
1809:, other magicians publicly and privately criticized and ostracized him.
3982:
3977:
3902:
2819:. All About Magicians.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2011
2420:. This French site, Magiczoom, has now closed its doors. Archived from
2141:
Recognizing magic as a rare and valuable art form and national treasure
1992:
1984:
1950:
have also devoted much time to investigating and debunking paranormal,
1915:
1870:
1829:
1825:
1739:
1359:
uses magic to catechize and evangelize. Gospel magic was first used by
1332:
1106:
1083:
1072:
1064:
1048:
833:
779:
749:
721:
571:
413:
Penn & Teller's Walk of Fame Star. They are 21st century magicians.
382:
378:
374:
303:
276:
272:
119:
94:
52:
2750:
635:. One of Fawkes' advertisements described his routine in some detail:
3997:
3957:
3852:
3821:
3487:
1976:
1874:
bend—spoons within a performance context and has lectured at several
1845:
1833:
1634:
1345:
1309:
1179:
1171:
1151:
1134:
1075:, are considered among the foremost practitioners of close-up magic.
1060:
1052:
1021:
940:
932:
Magic is often described according to various specialties or genres.
893:
552:
Among the earliest books on the subject is Gantziony's work of 1489,
3794:
Career, Culture and Social Psychology in a Variety Art: The Magician
3355:
Andrew Blankenstein. "8 Arrested in Downtown Shell-Game Operation,"
3085:
2907:. Botting, Fred,, Spooner, Catherine. Manchester. pp. 128–142.
1923:
1785:
was the world's oldest family-run magic shop. It is now closed. The
1217:
magician performing "children's magic" for a birthday party audience
556:, which describes and explains old-time tricks. In 1584, Englishman
500:. They were also used by the practitioners of various religions and
4181:
3843:
3830:
3330:
3086:"Davenports Magic. Central London magic shop and school since 1898"
1579:
1527:
1472:
1437:
1183:
1175:
1119:
885:
620:
497:
386:
370:
354:
335:
307:
217:
149:
2679:"James Randi, Magician Who Debunked Paranormal Claims, Dies at 92"
2510:"10 Facts About Magicians – Andi Gladwin – Close-Up Magician"
1914:
Fraudulent mediums have long capitalized on the popular belief in
1812:
Magic performances tend to fall into a few specialties or genres.
1687:
Many magic routines use combinations of effects. For example, in "
1210:
702:. In 1840 he opened the New Strand Theatre, where he performed as
243:
Modern entertainment magic, as pioneered by 19th-century magician
1910:
However, a group of people believe Alexander to be a con-man too.
1882:
1774:
1766:
1713:
1383:
1214:
1155:
1068:
715:
169:
3729:
3706:
Wonder Shows: Performing Science, Magic, and Religion in America
3400:
1983:
by Erdnase, was primarily written as an instruction manual for
1951:
1931:
1770:
1428:
the standard commercial magic approaches of comedy and wonder.
1272:
745:
699:
664:
649:
475:
431:
had been at war for centuries, and the Persian priests, called
99:
3063:
2717:"Final goodbye: Recalling influential people who died in 2020"
1600:, an indifferent card changes to the spectator's chosen card.
30:"Illusionist" redirects here. For the artistic tradition, see
3514:"Special collections | State Library of New South Wales"
3057:
2018:
Several notable public research collections on magic are the
1761:
1708:
1597:
1534:
1411:
wild reactions of the public. Magicians of this type include
1368:
1364:
801:
728:, a famous magician and illusionist of the late 19th century.
680:
599:
467:
441:
in Greek. Ritual acts of Persian priests came to be known as
342:, magicians can now reach a wider audience than ever before.
240:
means. It is one of the oldest performing arts in the world.
139:
134:
114:
109:
3426:
2254:"Expertise among professional magicians: an interview study"
1558:
restoration or teleportation. Some magicians today, such as
924:
423:
The term "magic" etymologically derives from the Greek word
3672:
Daniel, Noel; Caveney, Mike; Steinmeyer, Jim, eds. (2009).
2251:
1902:
wrote about the trickery in con-men exploiting their sworn
1044:
612:
501:
459:
433:
452:
One of the earliest known books to explain magic secrets,
3804:. Tiverton, ON: IBM, 1999. 234–238. Print. (Hawk 234–238)
3566:"Carl W. Jones Magic Collection, 1870s–1948: Finding Aid"
2982:
1934:
or other spirits. The great escapologist and illusionist
1738:
Persons interested in learning to perform magic can join
679:, originally a clockmaker, who opened a magic theatre in
3671:
3477:
Bart King, The Pocket Guide to Magic, Gibbs Smith, 2009
3147:"Hocus focus: how magicians made a fortune on Facebook"
2973:
Stone, Tom. "Lodestones." Genii Magazine. February 2009
1851:
3761:
Magic: A Pictorial History of Conjurers in the Theatre
3632:
1824:
is performed with the audience close to the magician.
3371:"Research Guides: Magic & magicians: Get started"
2024:
R. B. Robbins Collection of Stage Magic and Conjuring
2935:
2566:. New York: Courier Dover Publications. p. 16.
2360:
2358:
2041:
2028:
H. Adrian Smith Collection of Conjuring and Magicana
2412:
2410:
852:. Popular 20th- and 21st-century magicians include
710:his shows and captivating his audience with expert
361:. Magicians use a variety of techniques, including
3638:
2588:
1675:floated a light bulb over the heads of the public.
1323:is a genre of stage magic that combines magic and
3328:
2355:
1930:effects, which they attributed to the actions of
1857:similar descriptions; for example, the performer
1828:involves escapes from confinement or restraints.
1769:was a member and president for several years. In
462:. The "Father" of modern entertainment magic was
4283:
2865:Trade of the Tricks: Inside the Magician's Craft
2437:"Penn & Teller's Cups-and-Balls Magic Trick"
2407:
2239:Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre
519:"Magic Trick" redirects here. For the film, see
236:which are effects claimed to be created through
3181:"Deception's his tool (but he's no politician)"
2867:. University of California Press. p. 125.
1844:and grifters who use deception for cheating at
675:The "Father" of modern entertainment magic was
587:The Anatomy of Legerdemain: The Art of Juggling
1987:. The card trick known as "Find the Lady" or "
1816:use large-scale props and even large animals.
1805:in 2020 began disclosing how tricks worked in
1745:The world's largest magic organization is the
1444:, string through neck and pen-through-tongue.
740:and his partner Cooke were established at the
3868:
3319:from MIT Media Lab: Affective Computing Group
3138:
2987:. The International Brotherhood of Magicians.
2465:
2302:
2221:"Magic Loomed Large in World of Orson Welles"
1820:is performed for a medium to large audience.
919:
345:Magicians are known for closely guarding the
338:modernizing the art form. Through the use of
194:
2942:. Routledge & Sons Ltd. pp. 29–70.
1878:, the Dunninger quote may be said to apply.
943:on stage in a mind-reading performance, 1900
684:ended up in the performances of his rivals,
27:Performing art involving the use of illusion
3659:
3490:. Guides.slv.vic.gov.au. 12 February 2012.
3455:. Guides.slv.vic.gov.au. 12 February 2012.
2561:
1906:magic to rip off each client they swung in
1138:mentalists of the past and present include
3875:
3861:
3844:Rare Book and Special Collections Division
3831:Rare Book and Special Collections Division
3618:
2888:Burger, Eugene (1989). "A Midnight Talk".
2153:
2032:Carl W. Jones Magic Collection, 1870s–1948
201:
187:
51:
2338:
2328:
2279:
2269:
2192:. San Francisco: New Riders. p. 23.
1292:magic stage art were the German magician
1275:dedicated a page to debunking the trick.
3791:
2796:
2236:
2089:"Do You Believe In Magic? Congress Does"
1894:
1707:
1601:
1552:
1522:
1446:
1209:
934:
923:
720:
663:
598:
529:
408:
400:
3820:State Library of Victoria (Australia).
2902:
2747:"online magic tricks magical illusions"
2619:
2580:
2484:
1759:, which publishes the monthly magazine
1499:Camera magic can be done live, such as
671:, pioneer of modern magic entertainment
427:(μαγεία). In ancient times, Greeks and
14:
4284:
4113:Mark Wilson's Complete Course In Magic
3882:
3628:. Charles L. Burlingame & Company.
3329:Robert T. Carroll (23 February 2009).
3213:. Memorable-Quotes.com. Archived from
3178:
2887:
2534:
2022:at the State Library of Victoria; the
1747:International Brotherhood of Magicians
1304:. In the United States, they included
698:was pioneering the same transition in
474:was pioneering the same transition in
299:informed by their knowledge of magic.
3856:
3767:
3758:
3713:
3702:
3690:
3381:from the original on 18 December 2018
3274:
3247:from the original on 1 September 2021
3144:
2862:
2586:
2371:Performing Magic on the Western Stage
2364:
2303:Pailhès, Alice; Gustav, Kuhn (2020).
2185:
1482:
1363:to interest children in 19th-century
896:. Well-known women magicians include
659:
216:, which encompasses the subgenres of
3727:
3407:from the original on 21 October 2013
3096:from the original on 22 October 2018
2804:Secrets of the Astonishing Executive
2727:from the original on 12 January 2021
2697:from the original on 22 October 2020
2658:from the original on 15 January 2021
2395:from the original on 11 January 2022
2309:Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
2065:Intellectual rights to magic methods
1998:
3589:
3368:
3126:from the original on 1 January 2019
2676:
2512:. Illusionist.co.uk. Archived from
2434:
2219:Buffum, Richard (20 October 1985).
2170:"A look at the magicians of cinema"
1518:
1286:
1205:
1101:
1001:Encyclopedia of Magic and Magicians
24:
3822:Magic and magicians Research Guide
3696:The Complete Encyclopedia of Magic
3583:
3520:from the original on 22 April 2011
3516:. Sl.nsw.gov.au. 3 February 2010.
3459:from the original on 26 March 2015
3285:James Randi Educational Foundation
1749:; it publishes a monthly journal,
1510:
1382:is a form of street performing or
1338:
947:
377:, as well as verbal and nonverbal
25:
4323:
3808:
3596:Cornell Collection of Antiquities
3494:from the original on 6 April 2011
3433:from the original on 29 June 2005
3191:from the original on 9 March 2014
3062:. psycrets.org.uk. Archived from
3009:from the original on 1 March 2021
2946:from the original on 8 April 2023
2677:Fox, Margalit (22 October 2020).
2026:at the State Library of NSW; the
1881:In 2016, self-proclaimed psychic
1755:. The oldest organization is the
1735:serve as a visual demonstration.
1697:
1063:, following in the traditions of
1027:
3926:
3777:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
3641:The Illustrated History of Magic
3337:from the original on 14 May 2011
3275:Randi, James (9 February 2007).
3179:Norman, Tony (31 October 2008).
2562:Christopher, Milbourne (1991) .
2447:from the original on 6 July 2020
2441:Scientific American Blog Network
2044:
1422:
437:in Persian, came to be known as
36:The Illusionist (disambiguation)
3774:Conjuring: A Definitive History
3558:
3540:"John Hay Library: Collections"
3532:
3506:
3480:
3471:
3445:
3419:
3393:
3362:
3349:
3322:
3303:
3268:
3259:
3229:
3203:
3172:
3108:
3078:
3051:
3021:
2991:
2976:
2967:
2958:
2929:
2896:
2881:
2856:
2845:
2809:
2787:
2765:
2739:
2709:
2670:
2640:
2613:
2595:. Chartwell Books Inc. p.
2555:
2528:
2502:
2478:
2459:
2428:
2296:
1965:have also been shown to employ
1920:spiritualism religious movement
1613:Transformation: Change of color
1493:
1458:
1374:
1351:
1228:
990:
508:
279:. Meanwhile, magicians such as
3827:Science, Math and Magic Books
3625:History of Magic and Magicians
3145:Mears, Ashley (28 July 2022).
2852:Master of the Mind – Guy Bavoi
2806:(New York: Avon Books, 1991).
2775:. snopes.com. 21 February 2003
2491:The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin
2245:
2230:
2213:
2189:Visual Effects and Compositing
2179:
2162:
2147:
2133:
2113:Gibson, Bill (18 March 2016).
2107:
2081:
2006:Conjuring Arts Research Center
1922:as well as public interest in
1431:
1090:is a well-known example of an
774:The escapologist and magician
496:, or at least for cheating in
492:would also have been used for
13:
1:
2936:Nevil Monroe Hopkins (1898).
2075:
2030:at Brown University; and the
1793:, California, is home to the
1757:Society of American Magicians
1724:From the 1584 publication of
1315:
1078:
704:The Great Wizard of the North
590:
466:, who had a magic theatre in
4089:The Expert at the Card Table
4073:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
3792:Stebbins, Robert A. (1993).
3734:. Manipulatist Books Global.
3333:. The Skeptic's Dictionary.
3310:One-Million-Dollar Challenge
2802:Bill Herz with Paul Harris.
2749:. Real Magic. Archived from
2020:WG Alma Conjuring Collection
1981:The Expert at the Card Table
1667:has often been performed by
1129:
563:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
541:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
455:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
373:, and specially constructed
7:
4105:Thirteen Steps to Mentalism
3709:. Rutgers University Press.
3542:. Brown.edu. Archived from
2999:"Magic Summer Reading List"
2168:King, Susan (19 Nov 2013).
2087:Foley, Elise (3 May 2016).
2037:
1887:Attorney General Tom Miller
554:Natural and Unnatural Magic
10:
4328:
3720:The Lives of the Conjurors
3600:Cornell University Library
1852:Misuse of the term "magic"
1704:List of magic publications
1701:
1189:
920:Types of magic performance
518:
512:
416:
396:
349:they use to achieve their
29:
4258:
4212:
4131:
4064:
4026:
3935:
3924:
3890:
3703:Nadis, Fred, ed. (2006).
3090:www.davenportsmagic.co.uk
3003:www.mattmatthewsmagic.com
2837:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2365:Jones, Graham M. (2008).
2241:. Continuum. p. 471.
2034:at Princeton University.
1712:A stage magician using a
1327:. It is commonly used by
752:in 1873 by their manager
677:Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin
669:Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin
464:Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin
310:, with magicians such as
245:Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin
50:
45:
3731:We know how they did it!
3728:Hart, Martin T. (2014).
3676:. Los Angeles: Taschen.
2622:"About The Magic Circle"
2564:Magic: A Picture History
2271:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01484
2237:Chambers, Colin (2002).
2154:Steinmeyer, Jim (2003).
2143:(H.Res 642). March 2016.
2130:. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
2104:. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
1731:Discoverie of Witchcraft
706:. His success came from
379:psychological techniques
3814:Boston Public Library.
3796:. Malabar, FL: Krieger.
3185:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
2817:"Guy Bavli – Biography"
2379:10.1057/9780230617124_3
2330:10.1073/pnas.2000682117
2258:Frontiers in Psychology
1795:Academy of Magical Arts
1451:French comedy magician
369:, optical and auditory
228:in which audiences are
4154:Hugard's Magic Monthly
3661:Christopher, Milbourne
3635:Christopher, Milbourne
3633:Christopher, Maurine;
3211:"Memorable-Quotes.com"
3120:Guinness World Records
2863:Jones, Graham (2011).
2773:"Online Psychic Trick"
2591:The Great Illusionists
1911:
1717:
1679:"solid-through-solid".
1614:
1538:
1455:
1218:
944:
929:
788:Scranton, Pennsylvania
729:
672:
642:
608:
549:
414:
406:
295:introduced pioneering
145:Professional wrestling
34:. For other uses, see
18:Conjuration (illusion)
4225:Films about magicians
3759:Price, David (1985).
3429:. conjuringarts.org.
3375:guides.slv.vic.gov.au
3277:"More Geller Woo-Woo"
3241:Iowa Attorney General
2587:Dawes, Edwin (1979).
2549:10.1093/notesj/gjp002
2225:The Los Angeles Times
2174:The Los Angeles Times
1898:
1711:
1612:
1553:Categories of effects
1526:
1465:The Amazing Johnathan
1450:
1213:
986:Harry Blackstone, Jr.
958:Harry Blackstone, Sr.
938:
927:
724:
667:
637:
602:
546:decapitation illusion
534:An illustration from
533:
412:
404:
297:filmmaking techniques
224:, among others, is a
3590:Barrett, CaitlĂn E.
3568:. Arks.princeton.edu
3369:Dunstan, Dominique.
3359:, December 10, 2009.
2723:. Associated Press.
2435:Macknik, Stephen L.
1946:, and the mentalist
1620:woman is cut in half
1329:children's magicians
1246:In a 2008 TED Talk,
814:Harry Blackstone Jr.
810:Harry Blackstone Sr.
786:dedicated to him in
726:John Nevil Maskelyne
583:The Art of Conjuring
515:List of magic tricks
249:John Nevil Maskelyne
4271:Midnight ghost show
4196:Smoke & Mirrors
3848:Library of Congress
3835:Library of Congress
3723:. Tinsley Brothers.
3546:on 30 December 2011
3427:"conjuringarts.org"
3331:"Psychic 'surgery'"
3116:"Oldest magic shop"
2628:on 11 December 2013
2321:2020PNAS..11717675P
2315:(30): 17675–17679.
2186:Gress, Jon (2015).
2156:Hiding the Elephant
2127:The Washington Post
2101:The Huffington Post
1883:The Amazing Kreskin
1653:Balducci levitation
982:Siegfried & Roy
846:Siegfried & Roy
696:John Henry Anderson
686:John Henry Anderson
644:From 1756 to 1781,
472:John Henry Anderson
220:, stage magic, and
3884:Magic and illusion
3401:"Magic Collectors"
3315:2011-07-27 at the
3217:on 7 February 2011
3039:on 1 December 2016
2890:The New Invocation
2683:The New York Times
2418:"History of Magic"
2373:. pp. 33–60.
2120:2016-05-27 at the
2094:2016-06-15 at the
1912:
1718:
1615:
1539:
1483:Quick-change magic
1456:
1442:needle-through-arm
1402:. Since the first
1259:platforms such as
1257:video conferencing
1253:COVID-19 lockdowns
1219:
1195:Theatrical séances
945:
930:
769:Alexander Herrmann
730:
690:Alexander Herrmann
673:
660:Modern stage magic
646:Jacob Philadelphia
609:
603:Advertisement for
550:
521:Magic Trick (film)
415:
407:
165:Street performance
4279:
4278:
3763:. Cornwall Books.
3692:Dunninger, Joseph
3665:Panorama of Magic
3620:Burlingame, H. J.
3357:Los Angeles Times
3060:"psycrets.org.uk"
2537:Notes and Queries
2516:on 2 October 2010
2264:. Finland: 1484.
2070:List of magicians
1999:Researching magic
1944:Penn & Teller
1876:magic conventions
1838:Penn & Teller
1669:David Copperfield
1610:
1591:Statue of Liberty
1477:Penn & Teller
1236:David Copperfield
1041:Card manipulation
970:David Copperfield
854:David Copperfield
822:Theodore Annemann
316:Penn & Teller
312:David Copperfield
211:
210:
71:
70:
32:Illusionism (art)
16:(Redirected from
4319:
4292:Magic (illusion)
4266:Indian magicians
4168:The Linking Ring
3930:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3854:
3853:
3840:Magic Apparatus
3797:
3788:
3764:
3755:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3724:
3710:
3699:
3687:
3674:Magic 1400–1950s
3668:
3656:
3644:
3629:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3602:. Archived from
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3366:
3360:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3326:
3320:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3287:. Archived from
3281:SWIFT Newsletter
3272:
3266:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3035:. Archived from
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2985:The Linking Ring
2980:
2974:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2860:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2813:
2807:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2753:on 17 April 2011
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2652:www.macfound.org
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2624:. Archived from
2617:
2611:
2610:
2594:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2468:The Linking Ring
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2273:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2234:
2228:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2183:
2177:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2158:. Da Capo Press.
2151:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2111:
2105:
2085:
2060:Exposure (magic)
2054:
2049:
2048:
1989:Three-card Monte
1908:The Dr. Q. Book.
1864:Joseph Dunninger
1779:The Magic Circle
1752:The Linking Ring
1673:Harry Blackstone
1657:invisible thread
1649:Asrah levitation
1611:
1560:Guy Hollingworth
1542:Mechanical magic
1519:Mechanical magic
1302:Alexander Adrion
1287:Theatrical magic
1278:German magician
1269:viral phenomenon
1222:Children's magic
1206:Children's magic
1102:Pickpocket magic
1014:Channing Pollock
902:Dorothy Dietrich
830:Joseph Dunninger
794:The Magic Circle
617:sword swallowing
595:
592:
548:may be performed
419:History of magic
269:Broadway theatre
234:paranormal magic
203:
196:
189:
73:
72:
64:Hieronymus Bosch
62:, 1475–1480, by
55:
43:
42:
21:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4312:Performing arts
4282:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4254:
4220:Conjuring terms
4208:
4127:
4060:
4051:Sleight of hand
4028:
4022:
3931:
3922:
3886:
3881:
3811:
3802:The Illusionist
3785:
3747:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3684:
3653:
3609:
3607:
3586:
3584:Further reading
3581:
3571:
3569:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3367:
3363:
3354:
3350:
3340:
3338:
3327:
3323:
3317:Wayback Machine
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3291:on 10 July 2009
3273:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3066:on 31 July 2019
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3033:www.drachen.org
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2934:
2930:
2915:
2901:
2897:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2846:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2560:
2556:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2483:
2479:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2433:
2429:
2424:on 15 May 2006.
2416:
2415:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2389:
2363:
2356:
2301:
2297:
2250:
2246:
2235:
2231:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2184:
2180:
2167:
2163:
2152:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2122:Wayback Machine
2112:
2108:
2096:Wayback Machine
2086:
2082:
2078:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2001:
1967:sleight of hand
1854:
1814:Stage illusions
1807:Facebook videos
1706:
1700:
1665:flying illusion
1661:King levitation
1602:
1580:dove from a pan
1555:
1521:
1513:
1511:Classical magic
1496:
1485:
1461:
1434:
1425:
1377:
1354:
1341:
1339:Corporate magic
1318:
1289:
1231:
1208:
1192:
1160:Deddy Corbuzier
1132:
1104:
1081:
1030:
993:
962:Howard Thurston
953:Stage illusions
950:
948:Stage illusions
922:
866:Penn and Teller
818:Howard Thurston
662:
593:
568:sleight-of-hand
524:
517:
511:
421:
399:
363:sleight of hand
359:magic community
289:Walter R. Booth
257:Howard Thurston
207:
160:Stand-up comedy
86:Performing arts
67:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4325:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4097:Tarbell Course
4093:
4085:
4077:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4056:Pepper's ghost
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3973:Close-up magic
3970:
3965:
3955:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3837:
3824:
3818:
3810:
3809:External links
3807:
3806:
3805:
3798:
3789:
3783:
3765:
3756:
3748:|website=
3725:
3711:
3700:
3688:
3683:978-3836509770
3682:
3669:
3657:
3651:
3630:
3616:
3606:on 26 May 2015
3585:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3557:
3531:
3505:
3479:
3470:
3444:
3418:
3392:
3361:
3348:
3321:
3302:
3267:
3258:
3228:
3202:
3171:
3137:
3107:
3077:
3050:
3020:
2990:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2928:
2914:978-0719098130
2913:
2895:
2892:(49): 558–593.
2880:
2874:978-0520950528
2873:
2855:
2844:
2808:
2795:
2786:
2764:
2738:
2721:www.wwnytv.com
2708:
2669:
2639:
2612:
2606:978-0890092408
2605:
2579:
2572:
2554:
2543:(2): 209–213.
2527:
2501:
2486:Houdini, Harry
2477:
2458:
2427:
2406:
2388:978-1349374649
2387:
2354:
2295:
2244:
2229:
2212:
2198:
2178:
2161:
2146:
2132:
2106:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2039:
2036:
2000:
1997:
1859:Jamy Ian Swiss
1853:
1850:
1822:Close-up magic
1818:Platform magic
1699:
1698:Learning magic
1696:
1689:cups and balls
1685:
1684:
1683:circumstances.
1680:
1676:
1642:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1594:
1587:
1572:Harlan Tarbell
1568:Dariel Fitzkee
1554:
1551:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1507:'s illusions.
1495:
1492:
1484:
1481:
1460:
1457:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1417:Cyril Takayama
1376:
1373:
1361:St. John Bosco
1353:
1350:
1340:
1337:
1317:
1314:
1294:Fredo Marvelli
1288:
1285:
1230:
1227:
1207:
1204:
1191:
1188:
1148:Axel Hellstrom
1131:
1128:
1124:Apollo Robbins
1112:James Freedman
1103:
1100:
1080:
1077:
1033:Close-up magic
1029:
1028:Close-up magic
1026:
992:
989:
966:Chung Ling Soo
949:
946:
921:
918:
914:Pepper's Ghost
906:visual effects
890:Jay & Joss
784:Houdini Museum
754:William Morton
661:
658:
633:King George II
625:fire breathing
513:Main article:
510:
507:
417:Main article:
398:
395:
281:Georges Méliès
226:performing art
222:close-up magic
209:
208:
206:
205:
198:
191:
183:
180:
179:
178:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
89:
88:
82:
81:
69:
68:
56:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4324:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4302:Circus skills
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:Magic posters
3813:
3812:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3741:
3733:
3732:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3715:Frost, Thomas
3712:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3645:. Heinemann.
3643:
3642:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3567:
3561:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3474:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3352:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3306:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3262:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3151:The Economist
3148:
3141:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2986:
2979:
2970:
2961:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2891:
2884:
2876:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2848:
2840:
2834:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2799:
2790:
2774:
2768:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2648:"James Randi"
2643:
2627:
2623:
2620:Jack Delvin.
2616:
2608:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2583:
2575:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2359:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2201:
2199:9780133807240
2195:
2191:
2190:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2157:
2150:
2142:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2042:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2007:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1963:faith healers
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1936:Harry Houdini
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:and of which
1764:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1726:Reginald Scot
1722:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1533: /
1532:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1491:
1489:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1423:Bizarre magic
1420:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1392:Jeff Sheridan
1389:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1347:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:Richard Hatch
1303:
1299:
1295:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1248:Penn Jillette
1244:
1241:
1238:, who used a
1237:
1226:
1223:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:Rich Ferguson
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
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1093:
1092:escape artist
1089:
1088:Harry Houdini
1085:
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1057:Mahdi Moudini
1054:
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776:Harry Houdini
772:
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747:
743:
742:Egyptian Hall
739:
738:J N Maskelyne
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536:Reginald Scot
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494:entertainment
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4240:Publications
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4111:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4081:Modern Magic
4079:
4071:
4046:Misdirection
4041:Equivocation
3883:
3801:
3800:Hawk, Mike.
3793:
3773:
3769:Randi, James
3760:
3730:
3719:
3705:
3695:
3673:
3664:
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3624:
3608:. Retrieved
3604:the original
3595:
3570:. Retrieved
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3544:the original
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3508:
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3482:
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3447:
3435:. Retrieved
3421:
3409:. Retrieved
3403:. Magicana.
3395:
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3374:
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3324:
3305:
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3289:the original
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3215:the original
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3119:
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3089:
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3064:the original
3058:S.J.Drury .
3053:
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3037:the original
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2751:the original
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2626:the original
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2514:the original
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2440:
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2422:the original
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2027:
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2019:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2002:
1980:
1971:
1960:
1956:supernatural
1948:Derren Brown
1942:, magic duo
1913:
1907:
1900:C. Alexander
1891:
1880:
1868:
1855:
1811:
1799:
1787:Magic Castle
1760:
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1744:
1737:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1693:
1686:
1639:straitjacket
1583:
1556:
1540:
1514:
1501:Derren Brown
1497:
1494:Camera magic
1488:Quick-change
1486:
1462:
1459:Comedy magic
1453:Éric Antoine
1435:
1426:
1413:David Blaine
1408:Street Magic
1407:
1404:David Blaine
1388:in the round
1380:Street magic
1378:
1375:Street magic
1357:Gospel magic
1355:
1352:Gospel magic
1342:
1319:
1290:
1277:
1265:
1245:
1240:Commodore 64
1232:
1229:Online magic
1220:
1193:
1164:Derren Brown
1133:
1116:David Avadon
1105:
1096:escapologist
1095:
1091:
1082:
1031:
1018:Black Herman
1010:David Abbott
1006:Jeff McBride
1000:
996:Parlor magic
994:
991:Parlor magic
974:Lance Burton
951:
931:
910:
878:Derren Brown
870:David Blaine
858:Lance Burton
850:Doug Henning
842:Tommy Wonder
838:Fred Culpitt
806:David Devant
798:
792:
773:
766:
731:
703:
694:
674:
643:
638:
629:Isaac Fawkes
610:
605:Isaac Fawkes
586:
582:
580:
561:
553:
551:
539:
525:
509:Magic tricks
490:Trojan Horse
485:street magic
481:
453:
451:
446:
442:
438:
432:
424:
422:
367:misdirection
344:
340:social media
332:Derren Brown
328:David Blaine
320:Paul Daniels
301:
293:Orson Welles
285:Gaston Velle
261:Harry Kellar
253:David Devant
242:
238:supernatural
213:
212:
124:
59:The Conjurer
57:
40:
4140:Abracadabra
4132:Periodicals
3908:Conventions
3385:18 December
3251:1 September
3130:18 December
3100:18 December
3013:28 December
2474:(1): 67–70.
2205:21 February
2052:Arts portal
1985:card sharps
1961:Fraudulent
1940:James Randi
1928:telekinetic
1803:Justin Flom
1777:, there is
1740:magic clubs
1584:productions
1505:Criss Angel
1469:Holly Balay
1432:Shock magic
1406:TV special
1400:Wittus Witt
1325:mathematics
1280:Wittus Witt
1200:James Randi
1144:The Zancigs
898:Dell O'Dell
874:Criss Angel
862:James Randi
712:showmanship
708:advertising
594: 1675
585:(1614) and
498:money games
445:, and then
357:within the
324:Criss Angel
277:music halls
230:entertained
4286:Categories
4203:The Sphinx
4065:Guidebooks
4036:Levitation
4029:techniques
4027:Tricks and
3993:Mathemagic
3983:Escapology
3968:Children's
3952:techniques
3898:Assistants
3784:0312086342
3652:0435070169
3295:29 January
3043:1 December
2632:4 December
2573:0486263738
2494:. p.
2399:11 January
2076:References
1993:shell game
1977:card games
1916:paranormal
1871:Uri Geller
1846:card games
1830:Pickpocket
1826:Escapology
1783:The Strand
1702:See also:
1645:Levitation
1333:mentalists
1321:Mathemagic
1316:Mathemagic
1107:Pickpocket
1084:Escapology
1079:Escapology
1073:Max Malini
1065:Dai Vernon
1049:Coin magic
834:Dai Vernon
780:escapology
762:levitation
750:Piccadilly
736:performer
572:witchcraft
560:published
383:suggestion
304:television
273:vaudeville
120:Gymnastics
95:Acrobatics
4307:Deception
4230:Magicians
4121:Conjuring
3958:Cardistry
3842:From the
3829:From the
3750:ignored (
3740:cite book
3610:24 August
3341:19 August
3221:2 January
3159:0013-0613
2923:921217998
2823:2 January
2731:9 January
2701:9 January
2691:0362-4331
2662:9 January
2520:2 January
1904:spiritual
1834:Mentalism
1791:Hollywood
1716:as a prop
1635:handcuffs
1564:Tom Stone
1438:sideshows
1346:Guy Bavli
1310:Max Maven
1180:Max Maven
1172:Guy Bavli
1152:Dunninger
1140:Alexander
1135:Mentalism
1130:Mentalism
1061:Lee Asher
1053:Ricky Jay
1022:Fred Kaps
941:mentalist
894:Hans Klok
718:in 1845.
578:in 1603.
470:in 1845.
371:illusions
4245:Timeline
4182:Magigram
4161:The Jinx
4003:Platform
3913:Exposure
3771:(1992).
3717:(1876).
3663:(1962).
3637:(1996).
3622:(1895).
3572:17 March
3550:17 March
3524:17 March
3518:Archived
3498:17 March
3492:Archived
3463:17 March
3457:Archived
3437:17 March
3431:Archived
3411:17 March
3405:Archived
3379:Archived
3335:Archived
3313:Archived
3245:Archived
3189:Archived
3164:6 August
3124:Archived
3094:Archived
3070:17 March
3007:Archived
2950:19 March
2944:Archived
2833:cite web
2779:17 March
2757:17 March
2725:Archived
2695:Archived
2656:Archived
2488:(1908).
2451:30 April
2445:Archived
2393:Archived
2349:32661142
2290:25566156
2118:Archived
2092:Archived
2038:See also
1958:claims.
1528:Ambigram
1473:Mac King
1184:Alain Nu
1176:Banachek
1120:Bob Arno
886:Shin Lim
758:Oriental
621:juggling
429:Persians
387:hypnosis
381:such as
355:training
336:Shin Lim
308:internet
306:and the
218:illusion
150:Puppetry
78:a series
76:Part of
4297:Secrecy
4259:Related
4235:Museums
4189:Mahatma
4100:(1928–)
3962:history
3943:Bizarre
3891:General
3846:at the
3833:at the
3195:9 March
2340:7395500
2317:Bibcode
2281:4274899
1973:Con men
1924:séances
1842:con men
1775:England
1767:Houdini
1714:top hat
1384:busking
1215:Amateur
1190:SĂ©ances
1156:Kreskin
1069:Slydini
826:Cardini
734:British
716:Glasgow
652:and in
576:James I
397:History
391:priming
351:effects
347:methods
170:Theatre
4250:Tricks
4124:(1992)
4116:(1975)
4108:(1961)
4092:(1902)
4084:(1876)
4076:(1584)
4018:Street
4008:SĂ©ance
3998:Mental
3988:Gospel
3936:Genres
3918:Stores
3781:
3680:
3649:
3157:
2921:
2911:
2871:
2689:
2603:
2570:
2385:
2347:
2337:
2288:
2278:
2196:
1954:, and
1952:occult
1932:ghosts
1771:London
1663:. The
1659:, and
1546:mortar
1475:, and
1398:, and
1300:, and
1273:Snopes
1182:, and
1122:, and
1071:, and
1059:, and
1020:, and
984:, and
978:Silvan
882:Dynamo
848:, and
746:London
700:London
654:Russia
650:Europe
476:London
447:magika
443:mageia
434:magosh
425:mageia
389:, and
334:, and
291:, and
275:, and
263:, and
155:Speech
100:Ballet
4213:Lists
4175:Magic
4147:Genii
4013:Stage
3903:Clubs
1762:M-U-M
1637:or a
1626:else.
1598:tiger
1535:Dream
1531:Magic
1396:Gazzo
1369:Italy
1365:Turin
1047:(see
1045:coins
1039:(see
1037:cards
802:Okito
681:Paris
613:fairs
502:cults
468:Paris
460:fairs
439:magoi
375:props
214:Magic
140:Opera
135:Music
125:Magic
115:Dance
110:Clown
46:Magic
3978:Coin
3948:Card
3779:ISBN
3752:help
3678:ISBN
3647:ISBN
3612:2015
3574:2012
3552:2012
3526:2012
3500:2012
3465:2012
3439:2012
3413:2012
3387:2018
3343:2010
3297:2007
3253:2021
3223:2011
3197:2014
3166:2022
3155:ISSN
3132:2018
3102:2018
3072:2012
3045:2016
3015:2020
2952:2023
2919:OCLC
2909:ISBN
2869:ISBN
2839:link
2825:2011
2781:2012
2759:2012
2733:2021
2703:2021
2687:ISSN
2664:2021
2634:2013
2601:ISBN
2568:ISBN
2522:2011
2453:2020
2401:2022
2383:ISBN
2345:PMID
2286:PMID
2207:2017
2194:ISBN
1562:and
1415:and
1331:and
1308:and
1298:Punx
1261:Zoom
900:and
892:and
688:and
623:and
251:and
130:Mime
2597:161
2545:doi
2375:doi
2335:PMC
2325:doi
2313:117
2276:PMC
2266:doi
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