Consequences of Nazism

1840:, sired by German soldiers with women from the local population in nations such as Norway where the children and their mothers after the war had to endure many years of abuse. In the case of Denmark the hostility felt towards all things German also showed itself in the treatment of German refugees during the years 1945 to 1949. During 1945 alone 7000 German children under the age of 5 died as a result of being denied sufficient food and denied medical attention by Danish doctors who were afraid that rendering aid to the children of the former enemy would be seen as an unpatriotic act. Many children died of easily treatable ailments. As a consequence "more German refugees died in Danish camps, "than Danes did during the entire war."" 661: 2032: 1110: 593: 2259:, called for air strikes that softened an intended victim for attack by motorized, mechanized, and airborne forces on the schwerpunkt (focal point), followed by encirclement by motorized forces, and exploitation of the gap by conventional infantry forces. Radio communication allowed for the close coordination necessary for such attacks, and allowed for coordination of the air force. The Nazis as much broke the rules of engagement which previously governed nations at war (such violations often deemed after the war as 7727: 4448: 1458: 65: 2195: 2086: 1927: 1324: 1216: 809: 126: 24: 1473:

Today in Europe and worldwide (particularly in countries that fought against the Axis), Germans may be scorned by elderly people who were alive to experience the atrocities committed by Nazi Germans during World War II. This resulted in a feeling of controversy for many Germans, causing numerous discussions and rows among scholars and politicians in Post-War West Germany (for example, the "

1743:. During the more than two years that this policy was in place, no industrial research in Germany could take place, as any results would have been automatically available to overseas competitors who were encouraged by the occupation authorities to access all records and facilities. Meanwhile, thousands of the best German researchers were being put to work in the 1798:. By December 1945 it was estimated by French authorities that 2,000 German prisoners were being killed or maimed each month in accidents. In Norway the last available casualty record, from 29 August 1945, shows that by that time a total of 275 German soldiers died while clearing mines, while 392 had been maimed. Death rates for the German civilians doing 688:". The policy of plunder and exploitation inflicted material losses to Polish industry, agriculture, infrastructure and cultural landmarks, with the cost of the destruction by Germans alone estimated at €525 billion or $ 640 billion. Remaining Polish industry was mostly destroyed, or transported to Russia by Soviet forces after the war. 1283:, two of the victors, were exhausted and bankrupted by the war, and Britain lost its superpower status. With Germany and Japan in ruins as well, the world was left with two dominant powers, the United States and the Soviet Union. Economic and political reality in Western Europe would soon force the dismantling of the European 1031:, and killing hundreds of thousands of other civilians. At least 5,295 Belarusian settlements were destroyed by the Nazis and either some or all of their inhabitants were killed (out of 9,200 settlements that were burned or otherwise destroyed in Belarus during World War II). More than 600 villages like 1472:

After the war, the German people were often viewed with contempt because they were blamed by other Europeans for Nazi crimes. Germans visiting abroad, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s, attracted insults from locals, and from foreigners who may have lost their families or friends in the atrocities.

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rocket, although too late and too ineffectively to turn the war to its advantage. The German military machine was developing jet aircraft as fighters and bombers and long-range missiles, but far too late (they were only in the design and test stages) to change the outcome of the war. The victorious

1858:

Economic and social divisions between East and West Germany continue to play a major role in politics and society in Germany at present. It is likely the contrast between the generally well-off and economically diverse West and the weaker, heavy-industry reliant East will continue at least into the

1734:

The Allies confiscated intellectual property of great value, all German patents, both in Germany and abroad, and used them to strengthen their own industrial competitiveness by licensing them to Allied companies. Beginning immediately after the German surrender and continuing for the next two years

1051:

Some recent estimates raise the number of Belarusians who perished in War to "3 million 650 thousand people, unlike the former 2.2 million. In other words, not every fourth inhabitant but about 40% of the pre-war Belarusian population perished (considering the present-day borders of Belarus)." This

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forbade it. The German food situation reached its worst during the very cold winter of 1946–1947 when German calorie intake ranged from 1,000 to 1,500 calories per day, a situation made worse by severe lack of fuel for heating. Meanwhile, the Allies were well fed, average adult calorie intake was;

1772:

was dissolved, and the International Red Cross and the few other allowed international relief agencies were kept from helping Germans through strict controls on supplies and travel. The few agencies permitted to help Germans, such as the indigenous Caritasverband, were not allowed to use imported

1398:, plundering of the country's resources and hyper-inflation. In addition, the Germans left most of the country's infrastructure in ruins as they withdrew in 1944. As a result of an Allied blockade and German indifference to local needs, the first winter of the occupation was marked by widespread 1682:

The dismantling of factories in the western zones, for further transport to the Soviet Union as reparations, was in time halted as frictions grew between East and West. Limits were placed on permitted levels of German production in order to prevent resurgence of German militarism, part of which

1679:, which had directed the U.S. forces of occupation in Germany to "take no steps looking toward the economic rehabilitation of Germany." It was replaced by JCS 1779, which instead stressed that "n orderly, prosperous Europe requires the economic contributions of a stable and productive Germany." 1767:

inmates. During 1945 it was estimated that the average German civilian in the US and UK occupation zones received 1200 calories a day. Meanwhile, non-German displaced persons were receiving 2300 calories through emergency food imports and Red Cross help. In early October 1945 the UK government

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populations. In the summer of 1941, the Serbian uprising occurred during the German invasion of the USSR. The Nazi response was the execution of 100 Serbian civilians for every German soldier who was killed and the execution of 50 Serbian civilians for every German soldier who was wounded. The

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as part of the reparations to be extracted to the countries ruined by Nazi aggression. By 1947 it is estimated that 4,000,000 Germans (both civilians and POWs) were being used as forced labor by the U.S., France, the UK and the Soviet Union. German prisoners were for example forced to clear

1754:

For several years following the surrender German nutritional levels were very low, resulting in very high mortality rates. Throughout all of 1945 the U.S. forces of occupation ensured that no international aid reached ethnic Germans. It was directed that all relief went to non-German

1687:"). Dismantling of factories by France and Great Britain as reparations and for the purpose of lowering German war and economic potential under the "level of industry plans" took place (halted in 1951), but to nowhere near the scale of the dismantling and transport to the 1551:(Communism versus Capitalism), and thus both sides established their own spheres of influence, creating a previously non-existent division in Germany between East and West (although the division largely followed the borders of states which had existed in Germany before 2271:

resulted from British and Soviet forces adopting Nazi field strategies, and as the United States became a participant in the war it adopted much the same techniques of aerial attack upon Nazi Germany, if with greater force than the Luftwaffe could ever inflict.

1011:). Statistical data from Soviet archives, that became available after Perestroika, attest that the overall increase of the Gulag population was minimal during 1945–46 and only 272,867 of repatriated Soviet POWs and civilians (out of 4,199,488) were imprisoned. 722:

also took place, in which children who were believed to hold German blood were taken away; around 20,000 Polish children were taken away from their parents. Out of the abducted only 10–15% returned home. Polish elites were decimated and over half of the Polish

1723:, containing much of Germany's remaining coal deposits, handed over by the U. S. to French economic administration as a protectorate in 1947 and did not politically return to Germany until January 1957, with economic reintegration occurring a few years later. 1833:). Naimark concludes "The social psychology of women and men in the soviet zone of occupation was marked by the crime of rape from the first days of occupation, through the founding of the GDR in the fall of 1949, until – one could argue – the present." 1847:

on 13 August 1961 and until Hungary opened up its border to the West in the late 1980s, thus allowing hundreds of thousands of vacationing East Germans to flee into Western Europe, it was only possible to get to West Germany by illegally fleeing across

1305:

The Communists emerged from the war sharing the vast prestige of the victorious Soviet armed forces, and for a while it looked as though they might take power in France, Italy and Greece. The West quickly acted to prevent this from happening, hence the

1437:(EAM), arguably the country's first true mass-movement, where the Communists played a central role. In an effort to oppose its growing influence, the Germans encouraged the pre-war conservative establishment to confront it, and allowed the creation of 1441:. As elsewhere in Eastern Europe, in the last year of the occupation, conditions in Greece often approximated a civil war between EAM and other powers. The rift would become permanent in December 1944, when EAM and the British-backed government 2296:

Allies would incorporate the early innovations of jet technology and long-distance rocket-based missiles into their armed forces, but only after the end of World War II after getting them beyond the developmental stages of design and testing.

1643:

in the United States in 2004 stated intentions to withdraw most of the remaining American troops out of Germany in the coming years. During the years 1950–2000 more than 10,000,000 U.S. military personnel were stationed in Germany.

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trials, also created an unwritten rule stating that government officials who "follow orders" from leaders in committing crimes against humanity cannot use such a motive to excuse their crimes. It also had an effect through the

1026:

population. Following bloody encirclement battles, all of the territory of present-day Belarus was occupied by the Germans by the end of August 1941. The Nazis imposed a brutal regime, deporting some 380,000 young people for

881:

that existed before the war were abolished. As a result of the Warsaw Pact not participating in the Marshall Plan, as well as industrial infrastructure being taken by the Soviets, economic recovery was slowed significantly.

928:

to the western border had been destroyed, depopulated, and reduced to rubble. The mass death and destruction there badly damaged the Soviet economy, society, and national psyche. The death toll included c.a. 1.5 million

1820:

in the months preceding and years following the capitulation will never be known, their numbers are likely in the hundreds of thousands, quite possibly as high as the 2,000,000 victims estimate made by Barbara Johr, in

1671:, the Truman administration realized that economic recovery in Europe could not go forward without the reconstruction of the German industrial base on which it previously had been dependent. In July 1947, President 1768:

privately acknowledged in a cabinet meeting that German civilian adult death rates had risen to 4 times the pre-war levels and death rates amongst the German children had risen by 10 times the pre-war levels. The

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in Western societies has continued to develop until the present day. Since the collapse of Nazi Germany, Western populations have been wary of racial political parties and they have actively discouraged

1995:(UN) on 24 October 1945. Like its predecessor, the UN was established in order to help prevent the outbreak of another world war and to contain or stop smaller conflicts. The principles enshrined in the 1039:

had pronounced a plan according to which 3/4 of Belarusian population was designated for "eradication" and 1/4 of racially cleaner population (blue eyes, light hair) would be allowed to serve Germans as

972:

and disease deaths. Additional famine deaths which totaled 1 million during 1946–47 are not included here. These losses are for the entire territory of the USSR including territories annexed in 1939–40.

2474: 4306: 727:

were murdered. Some professions lost 20–50% of their members, for example 58% of Polish lawyers, 38% of medical doctors and 28% of university workers were exterminated by the Nazis. The Polish capital

2458: 710:. The resulting territorial loss of 188,000 km (formerly populated by 5.3 million ethnic Poles) was to be compensated by the addition of 111,000 km of former German territory east of the 1406:. Although these levels of starvation were not repeated in the following years, malnourishment was common throughout the occupation. In addition, thousands more were executed by German forces as 2048: 684:. From the beginning of the occupation, Germany's policy was to plunder and exploit Polish territory, turning it into a giant concentration camp for Poles who were to be exterminated as " 513: 1052:

compares to 15% of Poland's post war borders and 19% of Ukrainian population in post war border and comparing to 2% of Czechoslovakian population that perished in post war borders.

1843:

During the Cold War, it was difficult for West Germans to visit East German relatives and friends and impossible vice versa. For East Germans, especially after the building of the

743:, remaining under a Soviet-controlled communist government until 1989. Russian troops did not withdraw from Poland until 1993, after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. 1735:

the U.S. pursued a vigorous program to harvest all technological and scientific know-how as well as all patents in Germany. John Gimbel comes to the conclusion, in his book

508: 3269: 2011:

emerged as the two new dominant rivaling superpowers. Consequently, two political blocks arose, one around the US and another around the USSR. The rivalry resulted in the

1825:. Many of these victims were raped repeatedly. Naimark states that not only had each victim to carry the trauma with her for the rest of her days, it inflicted a massive 1598:(Basic Law). The document was not called a Constitution officially, as at this point, it was still hoped that the two German states would be reunited in the near future. 920:, Soviet losses amounted to 26.5 million war related deaths. Millions of civilians also died from starvation, exposure, atrocities, and massacres, and a huge area of the 6298: 6043: 5644: 1290:

One of the most important political consequences of the Nazi experience in Western Europe was the establishment of new political alliances which eventually became the

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from the former eastern provinces which the Allies had decided were to be annexed by the Soviet Union and Poland, moving the eastern German border westwards to the

5987: 952:

Close to 60% of the European war dead were from the Soviet Union. Military losses of 10.6 million include 7.6 million killed or missing in action and 2.6 million

5583: 5555: 4699: 1469:). After the end of the war in Europe additional casualties were incurred during the Allied occupation and also during the population expulsions that followed. 941:

against any new invasions from the West. This helped break down the wartime alliance between the Soviet Union and the Western Allies, setting the stage for the

7628: 6307: 5994: 5121: 1636: 6610: 5973: 5275: 4900: 2625: 1199: 869:

As a consequence of the war and Soviet occupation, Central European countries found themselves under the "Soviet sphere of influence" (as agreed upon at the

1521:). The remaining parts of Germany were divided among the Allies and occupied by British (the north-west), French (the south-west), American (the south) and 5616: 5562: 4748: 6080: 5569: 5185: 3506: 2177:

has gained importance as one of the pillars of contemporary Western society because of the same reaction. The actions of the Nazis caused an increase in

2953:

The $ 10 billion compares to the total Marshall plan expenditure (1948–1952) of $ 13 billion, of which Germany received $ 1.4 billion (partly as loans).

1422:, which had earned the city the sobriquet "Mother of Israel" and had first settled there in the early 16th century at the invitation of the then-ruling 4595: 1429:

The bitterest and longest-lasting legacy of the German occupation was the social upheaval it wrought. The old political elites were sidelined, and the

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captured by the Germans, more than 3.5 million had died while in German captivity by the end of the war. On 11 February 1945, at the conclusion of the

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44 years after the end of World War II, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November 1989. The East and West parts of Germany were reunited on 3 October 1990.

1191: 917: 5259: 4639: 2717: 2587: 2557: 5696: 5008: 4240: 2699: 1782:

U.S. 3200–3300; UK 2900; U.S. Army 4000. German infant mortality rate was twice that of other nations in Western Europe until the close of 1948.

345: 3356: 5515: 4817: 4221: 2682: 2583: 1699:, and thus it (East Germany included) recovered much more slowly than their Western counterparts. German political and economic control of the 262: 7521: 3001:

S. P. MacKenzie "The Treatment of Prisoners of War in World War II" The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 66, No. 3. (Sep., 1994), pp. 487–520.

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also counted as a member of the "Big Three", a term used to refer to the world's major global powers (the US, USSR and Britain at the time).

1501:

Germany itself and the German economy were devastated, with great parts of most major cities destroyed by the bombings of the Allied forces,

691:

The official Polish government report of war losses prepared in 1947 reported 6,028,000 war victims out of a population of 27,007,000 ethnic

495: 6029: 2841: 937:

was one of the reasons why the Soviet Union installed satellite states in Central Europe; as the government hoped to use the countries as a

6407: 6263: 6247: 6219: 5460: 4667: 3259: 2437: 999:, the United States and United Kingdom signed a Repatriation Agreement with the USSR. The interpretation of this Agreement resulted in the 1481:. Here, the discussion was mainly about the role that the unified Germany should play in the world and in Europe. Bernard Schlink's novel 7164: 6231: 6143: 6087: 6050: 5325: 4233: 1803: 6136: 4861: 2545: 7642: 6270: 4653: 4611: 4211: 373: 190: 7491: 5303: 5077: 4840: 4706: 4517: 4344: 4296: 3899: 719: 540: 466: 430: 272: 162: 695:

and Jews alone. For political reasons, the report excluded the losses to the Soviet Union and the losses among Polish citizens of

6386: 6183: 5835: 5213: 4713: 4625: 4561: 2216: 2107: 1948: 1537: 1345: 1237: 830: 607: 453: 385: 143: 37: 1635:, but the majority of troops left following the end of the Cold War (By 1994 for Soviet troops, mandated under the terms of the 6589: 6101: 4944: 4482: 4311: 1719:(ECSC). The ECSC led to the pooling of German coal and steel markets within a multinational community in 1951. The neighboring 1647:

The West German economy was by the mid-1950s rebuilt thanks to the abandonment in mid-1947 of some of the last vestiges of the

1073: 169: 7185: 7090: 6617: 6363: 6238: 5317: 5291: 5148: 4854: 4771: 3387: 2056: 1602: 1529: 1088: 1007:

transported to Germany are believed to have been treated as traitors, cowards and deserters on their return to the USSR (see

752: 380: 2869: 7418: 6825: 6711: 5876: 5336: 5332: 5310: 4914: 4228: 3284: 960:

losses. Civilian deaths totaled 15.9 million which included 1.5 million from military actions. 7.1 million victims of Nazi

777: 3834: 7333: 6797: 6129: 6115: 5321: 680:

was to be fully cleared of ethnic Poles within 10 to 20 years and settled by German colonists to further their policy of

338: 2992:. subsection by Richard Dominic Wiggers, "The United States and the Refusal to Feed German Civilians after World War II" 2867:

Ray Salvatore Jennings "The Road Ahead: Lessons in Nation Building from Japan, Germany, and Afghanistan for Postwar Iraq

2398:"Germans and Poles 1871–1945" in "Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural Identities and Cultural Differences", Rodopi 1999 1683:

included severely restricting German steel production and affected the rest of the German economy very negatively (see "

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Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947

2316: 2242: 2133: 1974: 1716: 1371: 1263: 856: 500: 361: 283: 227: 209: 107: 51: 4806: 2224: 2115: 1956: 1715:. In the end, German control of the Ruhr was restored, with the start of the Cold War and the establishment of the 1353: 1245: 838: 7695: 6853: 6790: 5925: 5754: 4877: 3542: 3197: 1799: 1684: 1567: 1035:

were burned along with their entire populations. More than 209 cities and towns (out of 270 total) were destroyed.

619: 158: 5431: 3053: 2633: 2263:) as they innovated techniques of war. Axis reverses beginning with Allied routs of overextended German forces in 7219: 7060: 7049: 6885: 6644: 6603: 6496: 6434: 5814: 5084: 4953: 4921: 4418: 3596: 3349: 3274: 946: 425: 420: 414: 409: 404: 399: 74: 5601: 5169: 2655: 2157:

became a staple of many Western governments, with openly racist publications looked down upon. The move towards

660: 7605: 7577: 7455: 7248: 6485: 5936: 5862: 5651: 5022: 4741: 4646: 4531: 3279: 2775: 2220: 2111: 1952: 1349: 1241: 1023: 834: 331: 298: 147: 7665: 7598: 7549: 7480: 7305: 6811: 6762: 6526: 6519: 6122: 5883: 5667: 4720: 3764: 3734: 3722: 2824: 1996: 1900: 1640: 757: 665: 629: 569: 7739: 7635: 7010: 6971: 5890: 5718: 5703: 5630: 5609: 5427: 5105: 4891: 4884: 4868: 4579: 4538: 4510: 4286: 3537: 3095: 2173:

which were carried out in Germany by the Nazis. On the other hand, it can be argued that the conception of

1195: 1179: 901: 891: 533: 461: 315: 293: 2039:(at the left edge on the first row of benches), considered to be the most important surviving official in 7702: 7026: 6978: 6596: 6568: 6421: 6036: 6015: 5529: 5192: 5098: 4588: 4033: 2264: 1712: 1708: 1167: 1022:

lost a quarter of its pre-war population, including almost all of its intellectual elite, and 90% of its

43: 4068: 2561: 7500: 6996: 6915: 6860: 6748: 6704: 6354: 5980: 5904: 5799: 5676: 5548: 5541: 5501: 5474: 5206: 5139: 4734: 4545: 4475: 4247: 4133: 3754: 3501: 3344: 1830: 1579: 1575: 1134: 1126: 1064:

range from 7 million to 11 million. More than 700 cities and towns and 28,000 villages were destroyed.

767: 3552: 2802: 2703: 2425:

Concise statistical year-book of Poland, Polish Ministry of Information. London June 1941 P.9 & 10

2340: 7402: 7319: 7104: 6964: 6936: 6769: 6674: 6464: 5897: 4964: 4618: 4177: 1391: 1004: 5162: 2679: 2591: 2455:

Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History

183: 7141: 7118: 6370: 6171: 6164: 5821: 5481: 5453: 5446: 4833: 4390: 4334: 4118: 4104: 3634: 3547: 3471: 3397: 3373: 3339: 2205: 2096: 2069: 1937: 1334: 1226: 819: 5178: 5155: 4038: 2055:

a crime, was approved in 9 December 1948, three years after the Nazi defeat. That same month, the

7563: 7507: 7377: 7237: 6922: 6575: 6471: 6377: 5945: 5806: 5776: 5740: 5725: 5597: 5489: 5467: 5413: 5399: 5381: 5045: 4826: 4554: 4503: 4385: 4339: 4291: 4093: 3133:"Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, New York, 9 December 1948" 2850: 2838: 2209: 2100: 2031: 1941: 1466: 1465:

More than 8 million Germans, including almost 2 million civilians, died during World War II (see

1385: 1338: 1230: 1098: 992: 823: 772: 526: 288: 267: 136: 2434: 1727:, Germany's second largest center of mining and industry, had been handed over to Poland at the 1426:. In total, at least 81% (ca. 60,000) of Greece's total pre-war Jewish population was murdered. 7255: 7148: 6950: 6901: 6804: 6697: 6667: 6450: 6338: 6064: 5855: 5439: 5420: 5390: 4937: 4907: 4157: 3978: 3839: 3667: 3516: 3254: 2367: 2344: 1506: 78: 7746: 7469: 7312: 7208: 7178: 7134: 6874: 6839: 6832: 6755: 6653: 6094: 6071: 5918: 5522: 5059: 4799: 4785: 4468: 4433: 4190: 3829: 3779: 3774: 2178: 1739:, that the "intellectual reparations" taken by the U.S. and the UK amounted to close to $ 10 1660: 310: 5357: 3076: 1182:

was established as a Nazi puppet-state, ruled by the fascist militia which was known as the

731:

was razed by German forces and most of its old and newly acquired cities lay in ruins (e.g.

7570: 7425: 7076: 7033: 7003: 6929: 6739: 6718: 5637: 5114: 4792: 4423: 4316: 4206: 3988: 3392: 3190: 3113: 2922: 2825:"BBC - History - British History in depth: Britain, the Commonwealth and the End of Empire" 2268: 2260: 1878: 1696: 1478: 897: 792: 782: 711: 3822: 3817: 89: 8: 7688: 7462: 7340: 7296: 6818: 5952: 5711: 5238: 5068: 5052: 5001: 4363: 4196: 3608: 3577: 3412: 1849: 1748: 1740: 1720: 1438: 1187: 1109: 3589: 2917: 949:

in 1991. Soviet culture in the 1950s was defined by results of the Great Patriotic War.

7681: 7514: 7439: 7393: 7363: 7271: 7111: 6776: 6660: 6554: 6505: 6443: 6199: 6150: 5959: 5576: 5231: 5029: 4413: 4123: 4058: 3854: 3739: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3662: 3486: 3242: 2407: 2395: 2255:

German military doctrine under the Nazi regime, characterized with some controversy as

2147: 1764: 1728: 1704: 1518: 1159: 1093: 1000: 985: 3528: 2558:"Europe-Asia Studies: Soviet deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a note - World War II" 85: 7672: 7556: 7446: 7386: 7347: 7280: 7262: 7228: 7171: 7125: 7069: 6894: 6632: 6624: 6561: 6414: 6008: 5533: 4994: 4973: 4683: 4373: 4368: 4201: 3948: 3877: 3702: 3582: 3481: 3402: 3363: 3034: 2985: 2797: 2711: 2629: 2615:

by Mark Elliott Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 88, No. 2 (Jun., 1973), pp. 253–275

2527: 2517: 2312: 2305: 1988: 1826: 1816:, that although the exact number of women and girls who were raped by members of the 1656: 1632: 1552: 878: 787: 615: 3968: 2036: 1836:

The post-war hostility shown to the German people is exemplified in the fate of the

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of factories in the eastern zone of occupation. The Eastern Bloc did not accept the

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Norman M. Naimark The Russians in Germany pg. 206. (Naimark refers to Gimbels book)

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was eventually stopped by the combined efforts of the wartime Allies headed by the

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The first free elections in West Germany were held in 1949, which were won by the

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Nuremberg Trials. Defendants in the dock. The main target of the prosecution was

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The effect the Nazis had on present-day international law was substantial. The

2020: 1992: 1809: 1737:

Science Technology and Reparations: Exploitation and Plunder in Postwar Germany

1664: 1491: 1423: 1291: 1276: 724: 715: 641: 637: 633: 573: 3918: 3886: 3031:

The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949

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The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949

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The United States and the Refusal to Feed German Civilians after World War II

2166: 2150:, many Western people began to outwardly oppose ideas of racial superiority. 2004: 1905: 1795: 1724: 1692: 1616:

Both German states introduced, in 1948, their own money, colloquially called

1563: 1411: 1150: 1041: 1008: 692: 673: 625: 611: 581: 3983: 2531: 7731: 7535: 5828: 5733: 5364: 4727: 4491: 4262: 4088: 4043: 3993: 3973: 3958: 3913: 3844: 3769: 3613: 3496: 3435: 3380: 3368: 3249: 3100: 3016: 2163: 2040: 2008: 1999:

are a testament to the world's attitudes after the defeat of Nazi Germany.

1893: 1888: 1837: 1790: 1744: 1688: 1625: 1585: 1559: 1536:, and elsewhere in eastern Europe went on for several years. The number of 1522: 1419: 1118: 1028: 965: 921: 909: 649: 624:

Of the world's 18 million Jews in 1939, more than a third were murdered in

577: 561: 557: 245: 2944:

The $ 10 billion compares to the U.S. annual GDP of $ 258 billion in 1948.

560:

affected many countries, communities, and people before, during and after

7370: 7356: 7018: 5687: 5508: 5493: 4847: 4428: 3943: 3789: 3759: 3603: 3476: 3081: 2731: 2154: 2000: 1868: 1844: 1594: 1533: 1502: 1442: 1299: 1284: 1083: 1045: 938: 934: 930: 925: 707: 700: 685: 565: 2169:, fearing the recurrence of a catastrophe which would be similar to the 1777:

attempted to transmit food supplies from Chile to German infants the US

6725: 6478: 6457: 5343: 4676: 4604: 3933: 3683: 3646: 3572: 3460: 3298: 3158: 3050: 2256: 2151: 1910: 1483: 1414:, Greece's Jewish community was almost wiped out, especially the large 1403: 1402:

in the main urban centres, with as many as 300,000 civilians dead from

1003:

of all Soviets regardless of their wishes. Millions of Soviet POWs and

696: 681: 1294:

and an international military alliance of European countries known as

732: 6988: 6393: 6190: 6001: 5792: 5747: 4113: 3794: 3428: 3224: 2659: 2613:

The United States and Forced Repatriation of Soviet Citizens, 1944–47

2016: 1700: 1407: 1171: 1163: 977: 874: 5268: 2194: 2085: 1926: 1528:

The expulsions of Germans from the lost areas in the east (see also

1323: 1302:

and until communist rule in Eastern Europe ended in the late 1980s.

1215: 1183: 984:) in August 1941. The city was surrounded on 8 September, beginning 808: 125: 5252: 4980: 3784: 3749: 3491: 2052: 2012: 1873: 1817: 1774: 1676: 1548: 1495: 1457: 1415: 1307: 1175: 961: 942: 913: 2907:, The Review of Politics, Vol. 17, No. 3 (Jul., 1955), pp. 345–358 1517:

and effectively reducing Germany in size by roughly 25% (see also

3233: 2584:"Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II" 1883: 1510: 1186:. During that time, the Independent State of Croatia constructed 1146: 1061: 1019: 706:

Poland's eastern border was significantly moved westwards to the

645: 564:. Nazi Germany's attempt to exterminate several groups viewed as 3159:"International Humanitarian Law - Fourth 1949 Geneva Convention" 1592:

semi-sovereignty in 1949, as well as a constitution, called the

1578:(KPD) in the Soviet sector), was elected first President of the 5869: 4460: 3655: 3511: 3206: 2546:

History, Memory and Politics: The Holocaust in the Soviet Union

1399: 1280: 1032: 969: 728: 677: 553: 2732:"Репатриация перемещённых советских граждан // Виктор Земсков" 2626:"Forced Repatriation to the Soviet Union: The Secret Betrayal" 6057: 4257: 2280: 2170: 1802:

ranged between 19% and 39%, depending on category. (see also

1707:(IAR) was created as part of the agreement negotiated at the 1588:, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), received 1138: 1114: 896:

About 26 million Soviet citizens perished as a result of the

1490:

Following World War II, the Allies embarked on a program of

1190:

for anti-fascists, communists, Serbs, Muslims, Romanies and

877:

were established in all of these countries and any forms of

636:, fewer than 60,000 survived. Most of the remaining Jews in 596:"Whoever wears this sign is an enemy of our people" – 3077:

Denmark's Myths Shattered: A Legacy of Dead German Children

1122: 736: 2368:"Pipeline workers find mass grave of Jews killed by Nazis" 1631:

Foreign troops still remain in Germany today, for example

1542:

Estimates of number of deaths in connection with expulsion

1394:(April 1941 – October 1944) destroyed the economy through 1153:

minorities, and losses were also high among all other non-

666:

85% of buildings in Warsaw were destroyed by German troops

3175: 2700:"Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-war Years" 2292: 1760: 1570:(SED) party (which was created by a forced merger of the 1137:

from 1941 to 1945. Very high losses were suffered by the

1133:

It is estimated that 1,700,000 people were killed during

953: 648:, unable or unwilling to return to countries that became 1461:

Lost territories and postwar occupation zones in Germany

933:

killed by the German invaders. The mass destruction and

2697: 2072:(Art 33) in making collective punishments a war crime. 1987:

The war led to the discrediting and dissolution of the

1194:, one of the most infamous extermination camps was the 5122:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

2365: 1675:

rescinded on "national security grounds" the punitive

1637:

Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany

1498:

intensified these efforts were curtailed in the west.

676:

completely. In 1941, the Nazi leadership decided that

2019:. Briefly, before its final decline as a superpower, 2776:"Partisan Resistance in Belarus during World War II" 1487:

concerns how post-war Germans dealt with the issue.

1198:. A large number of men, women and children, mostly 964:and reprisals; 1.8 million deported to Germany for 150:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2514:Потери народонаселения в XX веке : справочник 988:during which about 1.2 million citizens perished. 652:or countries that had betrayed them to the Nazis. 1433:against the Axis brought to the fore the leftist 7760: 2798:"Ukraine :: World War II and its aftermath" 2511: 1703:was for a time under international control: the 945:, which lasted until 1989, two years before the 873:). Immediately following the war, Soviet style 2435:The Expulsion of Germans from Poland, Revisited 4223:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands 2275:As Nazi Germany faced severe defeat after the 1639:and in the mid-1990s for Western forces). The 4476: 3191: 2756:. The Virtual Guide to Belarus. 22 March 1943 2059:also became a part of international law. The 534: 339: 4404: 4395: 4242:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark 3884: 3875: 3864: 3808: 3799: 3681: 3672: 3653: 3644: 3618: 3587: 3426: 3417: 3378: 3354: 3313: 3303: 3289: 3240: 3231: 3222: 2983:Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe 2716:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2341:"History of the Holocaust – An Introduction" 2310:Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe 1555:'s unification less than 100 years before). 2981:Steven Bela Vardy and T. Hunt Tooley, eds. 2905:"The Ruhr Authority and the German Problem" 2862: 2860: 2223:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2114:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1955:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1804:Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union 1352:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1244:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 956:dead, plus 400,000 paramilitary and Soviet 837:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 52:Learn how and when to remove these messages 4483: 4469: 3198: 3184: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 1850:heavily fortified and guarded border areas 1509:and the territory filled with millions of 1113:Due to their strong opposition to Nazism, 541: 527: 346: 332: 88:. Please do not remove this message until 4212:German National Movement in Liechtenstein 3096:Documentary forces Danes to confront past 2319:. subsection by Richard Dominic Wiggers, 2243:Learn how and when to remove this message 2134:Learn how and when to remove this message 1975:Learn how and when to remove this message 1605:(CDU, conservatives) by a slight margin. 1372:Learn how and when to remove this message 1264:Learn how and when to remove this message 857:Learn how and when to remove this message 228:Learn how and when to remove this message 210:Learn how and when to remove this message 108:Learn how and when to remove this message 3114:Danish Study Says German Children Abused 2857: 2030: 1456: 1445:in Athens, and again in a fully fledged 1108: 720:Kidnapping of Polish children by Germany 659: 591: 84:Relevant discussion may be found on the 2956: 2839:Global U.S. Troop Deployment, 1950–2003 1991:and it also led to the founding of the 1544:range from under 500,000 to 3 million. 608:History of the Jews during World War II 7761: 6337: 6315:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 3051:Children were starved in war aftermath 2391: 2389: 2366:Luke Harding in Moscow (5 June 2007). 1125:, Serbs were killed and expelled from 1074:Forced settlements in the Soviet Union 739:). In addition Poland became a Soviet 7186:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 6618:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 6264:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 6220:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 5318:Rape during the occupation of Germany 4464: 3179: 2680:Remembrance (Zeithain Memorial Grove) 2057:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1609:, a member of the CDU, was the first 1603:Christian Democratic Union of Germany 1530:Former eastern territories of Germany 1089:Occupation of Belarus by Nazi Germany 753:Nazi crimes against the Polish nation 6308:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 5333:Rape during the liberation of France 4229:National Socialist Movement of Chile 3012:Tyske soldater brukt som mineryddere 2221:adding citations to reliable sources 2188: 2112:adding citations to reliable sources 2079: 2026: 1953:adding citations to reliable sources 1920: 1705:International Authority for the Ruhr 1410:for partisan activities. As part of 1350:adding citations to reliable sources 1317: 1242:adding citations to reliable sources 1209: 835:adding citations to reliable sources 802: 735:) or lost to the Soviet Union (e.g. 714:(formerly populated by 11.4 million 148:adding citations to reliable sources 119: 58: 17: 2487:"Leaders mourn Soviet wartime dead" 2386: 924:from the suburbs of Moscow and the 13: 6534:German invasion of the Netherlands 4807:Weather events during World War II 4268:World Union of National Socialists 3388:Adolf Hitler's cult of personality 3292:Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte 3033:. Harvard University Press, 1995. 2408:Poles Vote to Seek War Reparations 2049:United Nations Genocide Convention 1655:imposed on West Germany (see also 1572:Social Democratic Party of Germany 1060:Estimates of population losses in 976:To the north, the Germans reached 672:The Nazis intended to destroy the 14: 7785: 7165:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 4307:Last surviving war crime suspects 2876:May 2003, Peaceworks No. 49 pg.15 2754:"Khatyn WWII Memorial in Belarus" 2560:. 5 December 2004. Archived from 1916: 1717:European Coal and Steel Community 1287:, especially in Africa and Asia. 1205: 916:. According to Russian historian 898:Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union 798: 33:This article has multiple issues. 7725: 4490: 4447: 4446: 4297:Nazi Party leaders and officials 2193: 2084: 1925: 1800:forced labor in the Soviet Union 1685:The industrial plans for Germany 1568:Socialist Unity Party of Germany 1322: 1214: 1202:, were murdered in these camps. 1170:occupiers and they also waged a 807: 778:Occupation of Poland (1939–1945) 620:Responsibility for the Holocaust 587: 124: 63: 22: 4419:Political views of Adolf Hitler 3151: 3125: 3107: 3088: 3069: 3044: 3023: 3004: 2995: 2947: 2938: 2929: 2910: 2897: 2879: 2831: 2817: 2790: 2768: 2746: 2724: 2691: 2673: 2648: 2618: 2606: 2576: 2550: 2538: 2505: 2159:tolerance of different cultures 1829:on the East German nation (the 1785:As agreed by the Allies at the 1549:broke over ideological problems 1547:After a short time, the Allies 1298:to counterbalance the Soviets' 947:dissolution of the Soviet Union 885: 628:. Of the three million Jews in 488:Battle of Europe air operations 135:needs additional citations for 41:or discuss these issues on the 7412:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 5115:Territorial changes of Germany 5023:Indonesian National Revolution 4312:Speeches given by Adolf Hitler 2778:. The Virtual Guide to Belarus 2479: 2463: 2447: 2428: 2419: 2401: 2359: 2333: 1711:in June 1948 to establish the 1613:(Chancellor) of West Germany. 1: 6812:Japanese invasion of Thailand 6763:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 6527:German invasion of Luxembourg 4901:Mediterranean and Middle East 4253:Ossewabrandwag (South Africa) 2698:Getty, Rittersporn, Zemskov. 2656:"The warlords: Joseph Stalin" 2299: 2051:, a series of laws that made 1997:Charter of the United Nations 1901:History of Germany since 1945 1862: 1794:minefields in France and the 1104: 1067: 758:Expulsion of Poles by Germany 6719:Invasion of the Soviet Union 6408:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 5719:Independent State of Croatia 4287:Bibliography of Adolf Hitler 3538:Aestheticization of politics 2326: 1695:, denouncing it as American 1562:was drafted on 30 May 1949. 1540:totaled roughly 15,000,000. 1196:Jasenovac concentration camp 1180:Independent State of Croatia 892:Eastern Front (World War II) 632:, the heartland of European 514:Surrender of the Axis armies 7: 7703:End of World War II in Asia 7543:Western invasion of Germany 7050:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 7027:Second Battle of El Alamein 6597:Hundred Regiments Offensive 6569:Battle of the Mediterranean 6422:Italian invasion of Albania 4589:Air warfare of World War II 4234:National Socialist Movement 4202:Arrow Cross Party (Hungary) 2184: 2146:After the world viewed the 1713:Federal Republic of Germany 1709:London Six-Power Conference 1477:" in the 1980s) and after 1447:civil war from 1946 to 1949 1149:, as well as by Jewish and 1117:were considered enemies of 746: 90:conditions to do so are met 10: 7790: 7629:Naval bombardment of Japan 6997:First Battle of El Alamein 6916:Battle of Christmas Island 6861:Japanese invasion of Burma 6625:Italian invasion of Greece 6541:German invasion of Belgium 6513:German invasion of Denmark 6486:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 6355:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 4612:Comparative military ranks 4248:Nordic Resistance Movement 3345:National Socialist Program 3205: 2918:"Secrets By The Thousands" 1831:German Democratic Republic 1747:and in the U.S. (see also 1580:German Democratic Republic 1576:Communist Party of Germany 1452: 1383: 1135:World War II in Yugoslavia 1055: 1014: 889: 768:German AB-Aktion in Poland 605: 7774:Aftermath of World War II 7718: 7550:Bratislava–Brno offensive 7490: 7481:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 7218: 7105:Allied invasion of Sicily 7059: 6965:Aleutian Islands campaign 6937:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 6884: 6875:Greek famine of 1941–1944 6770:Second Battle of Changsha 6675:German invasion of Greece 6643: 6520:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 6495: 6433: 6328: 6209: 5935: 5845: 5686: 5389: 5380: 5138: 4963: 4855:North and Central Pacific 4816: 4578: 4571: 4498: 4444: 4352: 4326: 4278: 4217:Nasjonal Samling (Norway) 4146: 4103: 4018: 3898: 3527: 3329: 3213: 3056:27 September 2007 at the 2512:Эрлихман, Вадим. (2004). 2308:and T. Hunt Tooley, eds. 2075: 1659:). After lobbying by the 1435:National Liberation Front 1313: 655: 509:United Kingdom home front 362:Timelines of World War II 7142:Allied invasion of Italy 7119:Solomon Islands campaign 6868:Third Battle of Changsha 6465:First Battle of Changsha 6371:Second Sino-Japanese War 5304:German military brothels 5170:United States war crimes 4119:Nazi concentration camps 3635:Economic interventionism 3597:Jewish conspiracy theory 3398:Night of the Long Knives 3374:Religion in Nazi Germany 2844:28 February 2007 at the 2070:Fourth Geneva Convention 159:"Consequences of Nazism" 7564:Second Guangxi campaign 7419:Philippines (1944–1945) 6923:Battle of the Coral Sea 6826:Fall of the Philippines 6472:Battle of South Guangxi 6378:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 5777:Italian Social Republic 4263:Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia) 2851:The Heritage Foundation 2803:Encyclopædia Britannica 2685:13 October 2007 at the 2516:. Russkai︠a︡ panorama. 1467:World War II casualties 1386:The Holocaust in Greece 1099:World War II casualties 993:Soviet prisoners of war 879:western style democracy 773:The Holocaust in Poland 7149:Armistice of Cassibile 6951:Battle of Dutch Harbor 6902:Battle of the Java Sea 6805:Attack on Pearl Harbor 6705:Syria–Lebanon campaign 6698:Battle of South Shanxi 6668:Invasion of Yugoslavia 6451:Battle of the Atlantic 6065:Korean Liberation Army 5771:(until September 1943) 5728:(until September 1944) 5706:(until September 1944) 4405: 4396: 3885: 3876: 3865: 3840:Social interventionism 3809: 3800: 3682: 3673: 3668:Greater Germanic Reich 3654: 3645: 3619: 3588: 3427: 3418: 3379: 3355: 3350:Hitler's rise to power 3314: 3304: 3290: 3255:League of German Girls 3241: 3232: 3223: 2345:Jewish Virtual Library 2281:cross-channel invasion 2044: 1462: 1130: 669: 603: 7313:Second Battle of Guam 7209:Bengal famine of 1943 7179:Second Battle of Kiev 7135:Battle of the Dnieper 6840:Battle of Wake Island 6712:East African campaign 6654:Battle of South Henan 6299:atrocities by Germans 6072:Korean Volunteer Army 5046:Occupation of Germany 4800:Music in World War II 4134:Human experimentation 3830:Reactionary modernism 3775:Anti-Slavic sentiment 3502:Human experimentation 3234:Geheime Staatspolizei 2179:anti-German sentiment 2043:after Hitler's death. 2034: 1823:Befreier und Befreite 1789:Germans were used as 1661:Joint Chiefs of Staff 1460: 1384:Further information: 1166:campaign against the 1112: 1001:forcible repatriation 875:socialist governments 663: 595: 7599:Surrender of Germany 7077:Battle of West Hubei 7034:Guadalcanal campaign 7004:Battle of Stalingrad 6930:Battle of Madagascar 5697:Albania protectorate 5484:(formerly Swaziland) 5193:Wehrmacht war crimes 5009:Expulsion of Germans 4793:Art and World War II 4691:British contribution 4640:Governments in exile 4207:German American Bund 3548:Anti-intellectualism 3393:Enabling Act of 1933 2469:Tadeusz Piotrowski, 2440:12 June 2007 at the 2283:it introduced cross- 2261:crimes against peace 2217:improve this section 2108:improve this section 2063:, followed by other 1949:improve this section 1879:German reunification 1859:foreseeable future. 1697:economic imperialism 1346:improve this section 1238:improve this section 831:improve this section 793:Chronicles of Terror 783:Operation Tannenberg 664:During World War II 650:Soviet puppet states 144:improve this article 7689:Potsdam Declaration 7578:Italy (Spring 1945) 7341:Liberation of Paris 6798:Siege of Sevastopol 5809:(until August 1944) 5712:Wang Jingwei regime 5534:from September 1943 5494:from September 1944 5432:from September 1944 5292:Romanian war crimes 5283:Persecution of Jews 5269:Croatian war crimes 5239:Japanese war crimes 5053:Occupation of Japan 5002:First Indochina War 4714:Military production 4626:Declarations of war 4327:Role and impact in 4197:American Nazi Party 3609:Cult of personality 3578:Class collaboration 3487:Extermination camps 3472:Concentration camps 3413:Anti-Comintern Pact 3139:on 16 November 2012 3029:Norman M. Naimark. 2872:14 May 2008 at the 2459:Google Print, p.260 2416:, 11 September 2004 2279:and especially the 2015:and led to several 1773:supplies. When the 1759:, liberated Allied 1749:Operation Paperclip 1641:Bush Administration 1628:and Eastern Mark). 1558:A constitution for 1525:(the east) troops. 1188:extermination camps 991:Of the 5.7 million 902:10,651,000 soldiers 900:, including around 454:Declarations of war 77:of this article is 7682:Surrender of Japan 7515:Battle of Iwo Jima 7364:Belgrade offensive 6777:Siege of Leningrad 6661:Battle of Shanggao 6590:British Somaliland 6555:Dunkirk evacuation 6506:Norwegian campaign 6444:Invasion of Poland 6271:Japanese prisoners 5232:Italian war crimes 5163:British war crimes 5078:Soviet occupations 4862:South-West Pacific 4749:Allied cooperation 4707:Military equipment 4414:German Romanticism 4302:Nazi Party members 4124:Extermination camp 3517:Racial segregation 3243:Deutsches Jungvolk 2886:"Pas de Pagaille!" 2636:on 7 February 2012 2564:on 5 December 2004 2475:Google Print, p.22 2396:Volker R. Berghahn 2045: 1765:concentration camp 1729:Potsdam Conference 1566:, a leader of the 1519:Potsdam Conference 1505:taken away by the 1463: 1160:Yugoslav Partisans 1131: 1127:wartime Yugoslavia 1094:Operation Keelhaul 968:; and 5.5 million 912:armies or died in 670: 604: 7756: 7755: 7714: 7713: 7557:Battle of Okinawa 7456:Burma (1944–1945) 7290:Mariana and Palau 7070:Tunisian campaign 6895:Fall of Singapore 6819:Fall of Hong Kong 6562:Battle of Britain 6415:Operation Himmler 6324: 6323: 5988:Dutch East Indies 5624:Southern Rhodesia 5376: 5375: 5276:Genocide of Serbs 5179:German war crimes 5156:Soviet war crimes 5149:Allied war crimes 4995:Division of Korea 4974:Chinese Civil War 4772:Strategic bombing 4684:Manhattan Project 4458: 4457: 3999:Strasser (Gregor) 3878:Volksgemeinschaft 3823:Völkisch movement 3818:Völkisch equality 3403:Nuremberg rallies 3364:German rearmament 3104:, 9 February 2003 3010:Jonas Tjersland, 2923:Harper's Magazine 2916:C. Lester Walker 2630:Hillsdale College 2306:Steven Bela Vardy 2253: 2252: 2245: 2144: 2143: 2136: 2027:International law 1989:League of Nations 1985: 1984: 1977: 1827:collective trauma 1757:displaced persons 1657:Wirtschaftswunder 1633:Ramstein Air Base 1392:German occupation 1382: 1381: 1374: 1274: 1273: 1266: 867: 866: 859: 788:Intelligenzaktion 616:Holocaust victims 551: 550: 501:Manhattan Project 356: 355: 238: 237: 230: 220: 219: 212: 194: 118: 117: 110: 56: 7781: 7749: 7742: 7735: 7732:World portal 7730: 7729: 7705: 7698: 7691: 7684: 7675: 7668: 7661: 7652: 7645: 7638: 7631: 7624: 7617: 7608: 7601: 7594: 7592:Prague offensive 7587: 7585:Battle of Berlin 7580: 7573: 7566: 7559: 7552: 7545: 7538: 7531: 7529:Vienna offensive 7524: 7517: 7510: 7508:Battle of Manila 7503: 7483: 7474: 7465: 7458: 7449: 7442: 7435: 7428: 7421: 7414: 7407: 7398: 7389: 7382: 7373: 7366: 7359: 7352: 7343: 7336: 7329: 7322: 7315: 7308: 7301: 7292: 7285: 7276: 7267: 7258: 7251: 7249:Korsun–Cherkassy 7244: 7233: 7211: 7202: 7195: 7188: 7181: 7174: 7167: 7160: 7151: 7144: 7137: 7130: 7121: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7093: 7091:Bombing of Gorky 7086: 7079: 7072: 7052: 7045: 7036: 7029: 7022: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6992: 6981: 6974: 6967: 6960: 6958:Battle of Midway 6953: 6946: 6944:Battle of Gazala 6939: 6932: 6925: 6918: 6911: 6904: 6897: 6877: 6870: 6863: 6856: 6854:Battle of Borneo 6849: 6847:Malayan campaign 6842: 6835: 6828: 6821: 6814: 6807: 6800: 6793: 6791:Bombing of Gorky 6786: 6784:Battle of Moscow 6779: 6772: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6728: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6700: 6693: 6684: 6677: 6670: 6663: 6656: 6636: 6627: 6620: 6613: 6606: 6599: 6592: 6585: 6578: 6571: 6564: 6557: 6550: 6548:Battle of France 6543: 6536: 6529: 6522: 6515: 6508: 6488: 6481: 6474: 6467: 6460: 6453: 6446: 6424: 6417: 6410: 6403: 6401:Munich Agreement 6396: 6389: 6380: 6373: 6366: 6357: 6350: 6335: 6334: 6317: 6310: 6301: 6294: 6287: 6286:Soviet prisoners 6280: 6273: 6266: 6257: 6250: 6241: 6234: 6227: 6226:German prisoners 6222: 6202: 6193: 6186: 6179: 6174: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6146: 6139: 6132: 6125: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6097: 6090: 6083: 6074: 6067: 6060: 6053: 6046: 6039: 6032: 6025: 6018: 6011: 6004: 5997: 5990: 5983: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5955: 5948: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5907: 5900: 5893: 5886: 5879: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5838: 5831: 5824: 5817: 5810: 5802: 5795: 5788: 5779: 5772: 5764: 5757: 5755:French Indochina 5750: 5743: 5736: 5729: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5699: 5679: 5670: 5663: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5602:from August 1944 5593: 5586: 5579: 5572: 5565: 5558: 5551: 5544: 5537: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5485: 5477: 5470: 5463: 5456: 5449: 5442: 5435: 5423: 5416: 5409: 5402: 5387: 5386: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5346: 5339: 5328: 5313: 5306: 5299: 5294: 5285: 5278: 5271: 5262: 5255: 5248: 5246:Nanjing Massacre 5241: 5234: 5225: 5223:Nuremberg trials 5216: 5209: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5181: 5172: 5165: 5158: 5151: 5131: 5124: 5117: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5080: 5073: 5064: 5055: 5048: 5041: 5034: 5025: 5018: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4990: 4983: 4976: 4956: 4947: 4940: 4933: 4924: 4917: 4910: 4903: 4894: 4887: 4880: 4871: 4864: 4857: 4850: 4843: 4836: 4829: 4827:Asia and Pacific 4809: 4802: 4795: 4788: 4781: 4774: 4767: 4758: 4756:Mulberry harbour 4751: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4716: 4709: 4702: 4693: 4686: 4679: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4614: 4607: 4598: 4591: 4576: 4575: 4564: 4557: 4548: 4541: 4534: 4527: 4520: 4513: 4506: 4485: 4478: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4450: 4449: 4410: 4401: 4398:Drang nach Osten 4243: 4224: 4094:von Sebottendorf 3890: 3881: 3870: 3850:State capitalism 3835:Social Darwinism 3814: 3805: 3687: 3678: 3659: 3650: 3624: 3593: 3590:Dolchstoßlegende 3563:Authoritarianism 3456:Nuremberg trials 3432: 3423: 3384: 3360: 3319: 3309: 3295: 3246: 3237: 3228: 3200: 3193: 3186: 3177: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3135:. Archived from 3129: 3123: 3111: 3105: 3092: 3086: 3073: 3067: 3048: 3042: 3027: 3021: 3008: 3002: 2999: 2993: 2979: 2954: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2936: 2933: 2927: 2914: 2908: 2901: 2895: 2883: 2877: 2864: 2855: 2837:Tim Kane, PhD., 2835: 2829: 2828: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2715: 2707: 2706:on 11 June 2008. 2702:. Archived from 2695: 2689: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2632:. Archived from 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2594:on 30 March 2008 2590:. Archived from 2580: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2483: 2477: 2467: 2461: 2451: 2445: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2337: 2248: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2228: 2197: 2189: 2175:multiculturalism 2148:Nazi death camps 2139: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2119: 2088: 2080: 2061:Nuremberg trials 1980: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1929: 1921: 1787:Yalta conference 1779:State Department 1770:German Red Cross 1538:Germans expelees 1515:Oder-Neisse line 1475:Historikerstreit 1377: 1370: 1366: 1363: 1357: 1326: 1318: 1285:colonial empires 1269: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1249: 1218: 1210: 997:Yalta Conference 982:Saint Petersburg 871:Yalta Conference 862: 855: 851: 848: 842: 811: 803: 712:Oder–Neisse line 599:Parole der Woche 556:and the acts of 543: 536: 529: 358: 357: 348: 341: 334: 242: 241: 233: 226: 215: 208: 204: 201: 195: 193: 152: 128: 120: 113: 106: 102: 99: 93: 67: 66: 59: 48: 26: 25: 18: 7789: 7788: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7779: 7778: 7759: 7758: 7757: 7752: 7745: 7738: 7724: 7722: 7710: 7701: 7694: 7687: 7680: 7671: 7664: 7657: 7648: 7643:Atomic bombings 7641: 7634: 7627: 7620: 7613: 7604: 7597: 7590: 7583: 7576: 7569: 7562: 7555: 7548: 7541: 7534: 7527: 7520: 7513: 7506: 7499: 7486: 7479: 7468: 7461: 7454: 7445: 7438: 7431: 7424: 7417: 7410: 7401: 7392: 7385: 7376: 7369: 7362: 7355: 7346: 7339: 7334:Eastern Romania 7332: 7327:Warsaw Uprising 7325: 7320:Tannenberg Line 7318: 7311: 7306:Western Ukraine 7304: 7295: 7288: 7279: 7270: 7261: 7254: 7247: 7236: 7227: 7214: 7207: 7198: 7191: 7184: 7177: 7170: 7163: 7156: 7147: 7140: 7133: 7124: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7098:Battle of Kursk 7096: 7089: 7082: 7075: 7068: 7055: 7048: 7039: 7032: 7025: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6986: 6977: 6970: 6963: 6956: 6949: 6942: 6935: 6928: 6921: 6914: 6909:St Nazaire Raid 6907: 6900: 6893: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6852: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6824: 6817: 6810: 6803: 6796: 6789: 6782: 6775: 6768: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6733: 6724: 6717: 6710: 6703: 6696: 6691:Anglo-Iraqi War 6689: 6682:Battle of Crete 6680: 6673: 6666: 6659: 6652: 6639: 6630: 6623: 6616: 6611:Eastern Romania 6609: 6602: 6595: 6588: 6581: 6574: 6567: 6560: 6553: 6546: 6539: 6532: 6525: 6518: 6511: 6504: 6491: 6484: 6477: 6470: 6463: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6429: 6420: 6413: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6385: 6376: 6369: 6362: 6353: 6346: 6320: 6313: 6306: 6297: 6290: 6285: 6276: 6269: 6262: 6253: 6246: 6237: 6230: 6225: 6218: 6205: 6198: 6189: 6182: 6177: 6172:Western Ukraine 6170: 6163: 6156: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6128: 6121: 6116:Northeast China 6114: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6079: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6049: 6042: 6035: 6028: 6021: 6014: 6007: 6000: 5993: 5986: 5979: 5972: 5965: 5958: 5951: 5944: 5931: 5924: 5917: 5910: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5882: 5875: 5868: 5861: 5854: 5841: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5815:Slovak Republic 5813: 5805: 5798: 5791: 5786:Empire of Japan 5784: 5775: 5767: 5760: 5753: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5724: 5717: 5710: 5702: 5695: 5682: 5675: 5666: 5659: 5650: 5643: 5636: 5629: 5622: 5615: 5608: 5596: 5589: 5582: 5575: 5568: 5561: 5554: 5547: 5540: 5528: 5521: 5514: 5507: 5500: 5488: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5459: 5452: 5445: 5438: 5426: 5419: 5412: 5405: 5398: 5372: 5363: 5356: 5349: 5342: 5331: 5316: 5309: 5302: 5298:Sexual violence 5297: 5290: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5258: 5251: 5244: 5237: 5230: 5221: 5212: 5205: 5198: 5191: 5184: 5177: 5168: 5161: 5154: 5147: 5134: 5127: 5120: 5113: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5076: 5067: 5058: 5051: 5044: 5037: 5028: 5021: 5016:Greek Civil War 5014: 5007: 5000: 4993: 4986: 4979: 4972: 4959: 4952: 4943: 4936: 4929: 4920: 4913: 4906: 4899: 4890: 4883: 4876: 4867: 4860: 4853: 4846: 4841:South-East Asia 4839: 4832: 4825: 4812: 4805: 4798: 4791: 4784: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4705: 4700:Military awards 4698: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4610: 4603: 4594: 4587: 4567: 4560: 4553: 4544: 4537: 4530: 4525: 4516: 4509: 4502: 4494: 4489: 4459: 4454: 4440: 4439: 4438: 4424:Racial theories 4407:Generalplan Ost 4354: 4348: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4292:Nazi ideologues 4274: 4273: 4272: 4241: 4236:(United States) 4235: 4222: 4148: 4142: 4139:Romani genocide 4106: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4004:Strasser (Otto) 3894: 3893: 3892: 3867:Gleichschaltung 3860:Totalitarianism 3745:One-party state 3553:Anti-liberalism 3523: 3522: 3521: 3446:Tripartite Pact 3357:Machtergreifung 3325: 3324: 3323: 3209: 3204: 3174: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3142: 3140: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3122:, 10 April 2005 3112: 3108: 3094:Andrew Osborn, 3093: 3089: 3075:Manfred Ertel, 3074: 3070: 3066:, 15 April 2005 3063:Copenhagen Post 3058:Wayback Machine 3049: 3045: 3028: 3024: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2980: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2926:. October 1946. 2915: 2911: 2902: 2898: 2894:. 28 July 1947. 2884: 2880: 2874:Wayback Machine 2865: 2858: 2854:27 October 2004 2846:Wayback Machine 2836: 2832: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2781: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2737: 2735: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2709: 2708: 2696: 2692: 2687:Wayback Machine 2678: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2597: 2595: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2567: 2565: 2556: 2555: 2551: 2543: 2539: 2524: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2468: 2464: 2453:A. Dirk Moses, 2452: 2448: 2442:Wayback Machine 2433: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2406: 2402: 2394: 2387: 2377: 2375: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2347:. 19 April 1943 2339: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2302: 2289:V-1 flying bomb 2277:Battle of Kursk 2249: 2238: 2232: 2229: 2214: 2198: 2187: 2140: 2129: 2123: 2120: 2105: 2089: 2078: 2065:Nazi war crimes 2029: 2017:proxy conflicts 1981: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1946: 1930: 1919: 1865: 1673:Harry S. Truman 1663:, and Generals 1653:war reparations 1649:Morgenthau Plan 1607:Konrad Adenauer 1455: 1396:war reparations 1390:In Greece, the 1388: 1378: 1367: 1361: 1358: 1343: 1327: 1316: 1270: 1259: 1253: 1250: 1235: 1219: 1208: 1107: 1079:Generalplan Ost 1070: 1058: 1017: 1005:forced laborers 986:a 900-day siege 918:Vadim Erlikhman 894: 888: 863: 852: 846: 843: 828: 812: 801: 763:Generalplan Ost 749: 741:satellite state 658: 622: 606:Main articles: 590: 547: 518: 505: 474: 471: 435: 419: 391: 352: 320: 303: 277: 234: 223: 222: 221: 216: 205: 199: 196: 153: 151: 141: 129: 114: 103: 97: 94: 83: 68: 64: 27: 23: 12: 11: 5: 7787: 7777: 7776: 7771: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7750: 7743: 7736: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7708: 7707: 7706: 7699: 7692: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7662: 7659:South Sakhalin 7655: 7654: 7653: 7639: 7632: 7625: 7618: 7611: 7610: 7609: 7595: 7588: 7581: 7574: 7567: 7560: 7553: 7546: 7539: 7532: 7525: 7518: 7511: 7504: 7496: 7494: 7488: 7487: 7485: 7484: 7477: 7476: 7475: 7459: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7436: 7429: 7422: 7415: 7408: 7399: 7390: 7383: 7374: 7367: 7360: 7353: 7344: 7337: 7330: 7323: 7316: 7309: 7302: 7293: 7286: 7277: 7268: 7259: 7252: 7245: 7234: 7224: 7222: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7212: 7205: 7204: 7203: 7196: 7182: 7175: 7168: 7161: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7138: 7131: 7122: 7115: 7108: 7101: 7094: 7087: 7084:Battle of Attu 7080: 7073: 7065: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7053: 7046: 7037: 7030: 7023: 7014: 7007: 7000: 6993: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6975: 6961: 6954: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6912: 6905: 6898: 6890: 6888: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6871: 6864: 6857: 6850: 6843: 6836: 6833:Battle of Guam 6829: 6822: 6815: 6808: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6780: 6773: 6766: 6759: 6756:Battle of Kiev 6752: 6745: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6694: 6687: 6686: 6685: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6649: 6647: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6628: 6621: 6614: 6607: 6600: 6593: 6586: 6579: 6572: 6565: 6558: 6551: 6544: 6537: 6530: 6523: 6516: 6509: 6501: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6482: 6475: 6468: 6461: 6454: 6447: 6439: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6425: 6418: 6411: 6404: 6397: 6383: 6382: 6381: 6374: 6360: 6359: 6358: 6343: 6341: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6295: 6283: 6282: 6281: 6267: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6255:United Kingdom 6251: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6223: 6215: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6187: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6126: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6098: 6091: 6084: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6068: 6054: 6047: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6005: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5941: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5922: 5915: 5908: 5901: 5894: 5887: 5880: 5873: 5866: 5859: 5851: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5832: 5825: 5818: 5811: 5803: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5765: 5758: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5730: 5722: 5715: 5708: 5700: 5692: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5657: 5656: 5655: 5652:British Empire 5645:United Kingdom 5641: 5634: 5627: 5620: 5613: 5606: 5594: 5587: 5580: 5573: 5566: 5559: 5552: 5545: 5538: 5526: 5519: 5512: 5505: 5498: 5486: 5478: 5471: 5464: 5461:Czechoslovakia 5457: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5424: 5417: 5410: 5403: 5395: 5393: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5368: 5361: 5358:Rape of Manila 5354: 5347: 5340: 5329: 5314: 5307: 5295: 5288: 5287: 5286: 5279: 5265: 5264: 5263: 5256: 5249: 5235: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5210: 5196: 5189: 5175: 5174: 5173: 5166: 5159: 5144: 5142: 5136: 5135: 5133: 5132: 5129:United Nations 5125: 5118: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5074: 5065: 5056: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5026: 5019: 5012: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4988:Decolonization 4984: 4977: 4969: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4957: 4950: 4949: 4948: 4934: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4918: 4911: 4897: 4896: 4895: 4888: 4874: 4873: 4872: 4865: 4858: 4851: 4844: 4837: 4822: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4803: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4768: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4752: 4738: 4731: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4703: 4696: 4695: 4694: 4680: 4673: 4672: 4671: 4664: 4661:United Kingdom 4657: 4643: 4636: 4629: 4622: 4615: 4608: 4601: 4600: 4599: 4584: 4582: 4573: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4565: 4558: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4523: 4522: 4521: 4507: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4488: 4487: 4480: 4473: 4465: 4456: 4455: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4402: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4381:Beefsteak Nazi 4378: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4360: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4330: 4329:German society 4324: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4238: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4172: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4129:Final Solution 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4109: 4107:and war crimes 4101: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4069:von Liebenfels 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3979:von Ribbentrop 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3891: 3882: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3826: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3806: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3705: 3700: 3698:Indoctrination 3695: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3679: 3675:Heim ins Reich 3670: 3660: 3651: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3626: 3625: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3568:Blood and soil 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3543:Anti-communism 3540: 3535: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3482:Doctors' Trial 3479: 3474: 3466:Final solution 3463: 3458: 3453: 3451:Denazification 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3424: 3415: 3410: 3408:Nuremberg Laws 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3340:Early timeline 3337: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3321: 3311: 3306:Sturmabteilung 3301: 3296: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3238: 3229: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3203: 3202: 3195: 3188: 3180: 3172: 3171: 3150: 3124: 3119:Deutsche Welle 3106: 3087: 3068: 3043: 3022: 3020:, 8 April 2006 3003: 2994: 2955: 2946: 2937: 2928: 2909: 2896: 2878: 2856: 2830: 2816: 2789: 2767: 2745: 2723: 2690: 2672: 2647: 2617: 2605: 2588:HistoryNet.com 2575: 2549: 2544:Zvi Gitelman, 2537: 2522: 2504: 2478: 2462: 2446: 2444:, H-Net Review 2427: 2418: 2413:Deutsche Welle 2400: 2385: 2358: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2301: 2298: 2251: 2250: 2201: 2199: 2192: 2186: 2183: 2142: 2141: 2092: 2090: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2037:Hermann Göring 2028: 2025: 2001:Geopolitically 1993:United Nations 1983: 1982: 1933: 1931: 1924: 1918: 1917:World politics 1915: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1864: 1861: 1810:Norman Naimark 1492:denazification 1454: 1451: 1424:Ottoman Empire 1380: 1379: 1330: 1328: 1321: 1315: 1312: 1292:European Union 1272: 1271: 1222: 1220: 1213: 1207: 1206:Western Europe 1204: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1069: 1066: 1057: 1054: 1016: 1013: 890:Main article: 887: 884: 865: 864: 815: 813: 806: 800: 799:Central Europe 797: 796: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 748: 745: 725:intelligentsia 716:ethnic Germans 657: 654: 642:Central Europe 634:Jewish culture 589: 586: 574:United Kingdom 549: 548: 546: 545: 538: 531: 523: 520: 519: 517: 516: 511: 506: 504: 503: 498: 492: 490: 484: 481: 480: 476: 475: 473: 472: 470: 469: 464: 458: 456: 451: 445: 442: 441: 437: 436: 434: 433: 428: 423: 417: 412: 407: 402: 396: 393: 392: 390: 389: 383: 376: 370: 369: 365: 364: 354: 353: 351: 350: 343: 336: 328: 325: 324: 323: 322: 319: 318: 313: 307: 304: 302: 301: 299:Historiography 296: 291: 286: 280: 278: 276: 275: 270: 265: 259: 254: 253: 249: 248: 236: 235: 218: 217: 132: 130: 123: 116: 115: 71: 69: 62: 57: 31: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7786: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7748: 7744: 7741: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7728: 7721: 7720: 7717: 7704: 7700: 7697: 7693: 7690: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7679: 7674: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7666:Kuril Islands 7663: 7660: 7656: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7640: 7637: 7633: 7630: 7626: 7623: 7619: 7616: 7612: 7607: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7596: 7593: 7589: 7586: 7582: 7579: 7575: 7572: 7568: 7565: 7561: 7558: 7554: 7551: 7547: 7544: 7540: 7537: 7533: 7530: 7526: 7523: 7519: 7516: 7512: 7509: 7505: 7502: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7489: 7482: 7478: 7473: 7472: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7460: 7457: 7453: 7448: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7437: 7434: 7433:Syrmian Front 7430: 7427: 7423: 7420: 7416: 7413: 7409: 7406: 7405: 7400: 7397: 7396: 7391: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7379:Market Garden 7375: 7372: 7368: 7365: 7361: 7358: 7354: 7351: 7350: 7345: 7342: 7338: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7324: 7321: 7317: 7314: 7310: 7307: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7291: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7278: 7275: 7274: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7257: 7253: 7250: 7246: 7243: 7239: 7238:Monte Cassino 7235: 7232: 7231: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7217: 7210: 7206: 7201: 7197: 7194: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7183: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7159: 7155: 7150: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7139: 7136: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7120: 7116: 7113: 7109: 7106: 7102: 7099: 7095: 7092: 7088: 7085: 7081: 7078: 7074: 7071: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7058: 7051: 7047: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7035: 7031: 7028: 7024: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7012: 7008: 7005: 7001: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6941: 6938: 6934: 6931: 6927: 6924: 6920: 6917: 6913: 6910: 6906: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6883: 6876: 6872: 6869: 6865: 6862: 6858: 6855: 6851: 6848: 6844: 6841: 6837: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6823: 6820: 6816: 6813: 6809: 6806: 6802: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6788: 6785: 6781: 6778: 6774: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6741: 6736: 6732: 6727: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6709: 6706: 6702: 6699: 6695: 6692: 6688: 6683: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6642: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6615: 6612: 6608: 6605: 6604:Baltic states 6601: 6598: 6594: 6591: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6566: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6545: 6542: 6538: 6535: 6531: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6517: 6514: 6510: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6494: 6487: 6483: 6480: 6476: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6462: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6432: 6423: 6419: 6416: 6412: 6409: 6405: 6402: 6398: 6395: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6384: 6379: 6375: 6372: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6361: 6356: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6327: 6316: 6312: 6309: 6305: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6279: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6248:United States 6245: 6240: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6221: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6188: 6185: 6184:Quốc dân Đảng 6181: 6180: 6176: 6173: 6169: 6166: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6141: 6138: 6134: 6131: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6106: 6103: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6048: 6045: 6041: 6038: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6020: 6017: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5992: 5989: 5985: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5957: 5954: 5950: 5947: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5916: 5913: 5909: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5888: 5885: 5884:Liechtenstein 5881: 5878: 5874: 5871: 5867: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5837: 5836:Collaboration 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5819: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5801: 5797: 5794: 5790: 5787: 5783: 5778: 5774: 5773: 5770: 5766: 5763: 5759: 5756: 5752: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5698: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5674: 5669: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661:United States 5658: 5653: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5632: 5628: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5588: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5567: 5564: 5560: 5557: 5553: 5550: 5546: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5513: 5510: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5379: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5351:Comfort women 5348: 5345: 5341: 5338: 5335: / 5334: 5330: 5327: 5324: / 5323: 5320: / 5319: 5315: 5312: 5311:Camp brothels 5308: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5284: 5280: 5277: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5247: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5233: 5229: 5224: 5220: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5200:The Holocaust 5197: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5186:forced labour 5183: 5182: 5180: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5164: 5160: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5126: 5123: 5119: 5116: 5112: 5107: 5103: 5100: 5096: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5066: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5043: 5040: 5039:Marshall Plan 5036: 5033: 5032: 5027: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5013: 5010: 5006: 5003: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4916: 4912: 4909: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4892:Eastern Front 4889: 4886: 4885:Western Front 4882: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4870: 4866: 4863: 4859: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4845: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4794: 4790: 4787: 4783: 4780: 4779:Puppet states 4776: 4773: 4769: 4766: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4721:Naval history 4718: 4715: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4668:United States 4665: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4606: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4540: 4536: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4481: 4479: 4474: 4472: 4467: 4466: 4463: 4453: 4443: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4335:The Wehrmacht 4333: 4331: 4325: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4239: 4237: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4193: 4192: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4102: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3989:Seyss-Inquart 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3862: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3811:Untermenschen 3807: 3804: 3803: 3802:Rassenschande 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3691:Pan-Germanism 3689: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3630:Direct action 3628: 3623: 3622: 3621:Führerprinzip 3617: 3616: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3558:Anti-pacifism 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3441:The Holocaust 3439: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3420:Kristallnacht 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3318: 3317: 3316:Schutzstaffel 3312: 3308: 3307: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3201: 3196: 3194: 3189: 3187: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3160: 3154: 3138: 3134: 3128: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3091: 3085:, 16 May 2005 3084: 3083: 3078: 3072: 3065: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3052: 3047: 3040: 3039:0-674-78405-7 3036: 3032: 3026: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3007: 2998: 2991: 2990:0-88033-995-0 2987: 2984: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2950: 2941: 2932: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2913: 2906: 2900: 2893: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2834: 2826: 2820: 2805: 2804: 2799: 2793: 2777: 2771: 2755: 2749: 2733: 2727: 2719: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2694: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2676: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2614: 2609: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2563: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2523:5-93165-107-1 2519: 2515: 2508: 2492: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2456: 2450: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2431: 2422: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2397: 2392: 2390: 2373: 2369: 2362: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2332: 2322: 2318: 2317:0-88033-995-0 2314: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2247: 2244: 2236: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2202:This section 2200: 2196: 2191: 2190: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2167:ethnocentrism 2165: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2138: 2135: 2127: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2093:This section 2091: 2087: 2082: 2081: 2073: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2024: 2022: 2021:Great Britain 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2005:United States 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1979: 1976: 1968: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1934:This section 1932: 1928: 1923: 1922: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1906:Marshall Plan 1904: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1796:low countries 1792: 1788: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1725:Upper Silesia 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1693:Marshall Plan 1690: 1686: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1651:and to fewer 1650: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1612: 1611:Bundeskanzler 1608: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1564:Wilhelm Pieck 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1494:, but as the 1493: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1479:Reunification 1476: 1470: 1468: 1459: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1418:community of 1417: 1413: 1412:the Holocaust 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1387: 1376: 1373: 1365: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1331:This section 1329: 1325: 1320: 1319: 1311: 1309: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1268: 1265: 1257: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1223:This section 1221: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1155:collaborating 1152: 1148: 1144: 1141:who lived in 1140: 1136: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1065: 1063: 1053: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1021: 1012: 1010: 1009:Order No. 270 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 989: 987: 983: 979: 974: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 950: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 893: 883: 880: 876: 872: 861: 858: 850: 840: 836: 832: 826: 825: 821: 816:This section 814: 810: 805: 804: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 750: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 721: 717: 713: 709: 704: 702: 698: 694: 689: 687: 686:Untermenschen 683: 679: 675: 674:Polish nation 667: 662: 653: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 626:the Holocaust 621: 617: 613: 612:The Holocaust 609: 602:, 1 July 1942 601: 600: 594: 588:Jewish people 585: 583: 582:United States 579: 575: 571: 570:Nazi ideology 567: 563: 559: 555: 544: 539: 537: 532: 530: 525: 524: 522: 521: 515: 512: 510: 507: 502: 499: 497: 496:Eastern Front 494: 493: 491: 489: 486: 485: 483: 482: 478: 477: 468: 465: 463: 460: 459: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 446: 444: 443: 439: 438: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 397: 395: 394: 387: 384: 382: 378: 377: 375: 372: 371: 368:Chronological 367: 366: 363: 360: 359: 349: 344: 342: 337: 335: 330: 329: 327: 326: 321: 317: 314: 312: 309: 308: 305: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 281: 279: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 260: 258: 257: 256: 255: 251: 250: 247: 244: 243: 240: 232: 229: 214: 211: 203: 192: 189: 185: 182: 178: 175: 171: 168: 164: 161: – 160: 156: 155:Find sources: 149: 145: 139: 138: 133:This article 131: 127: 122: 121: 112: 109: 101: 91: 87: 81: 80: 76: 70: 61: 60: 55: 53: 46: 45: 40: 39: 34: 29: 20: 19: 16: 7740:Bibliography 7723: 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Retrieved 3153: 3141:. Retrieved 3137:the original 3127: 3117: 3109: 3101:The Observer 3099: 3090: 3080: 3071: 3061: 3046: 3030: 3025: 3015: 3006: 2997: 2982: 2949: 2940: 2931: 2921: 2912: 2904: 2903:Amos Yoder, 2899: 2889: 2881: 2849: 2833: 2819: 2807:. Retrieved 2801: 2792: 2780:. Retrieved 2770: 2758:. Retrieved 2748: 2736:. Retrieved 2734:. Scepsis.ru 2726: 2704:the original 2693: 2675: 2663:. Retrieved 2650: 2638:. Retrieved 2634:the original 2620: 2612: 2608: 2596:. Retrieved 2592:the original 2578: 2566:. Retrieved 2562:the original 2552: 2540: 2513: 2507: 2495:. Retrieved 2493:. 9 May 2005 2490: 2481: 2470: 2465: 2454: 2449: 2430: 2421: 2411: 2403: 2376:. Retrieved 2372:The Guardian 2371: 2361: 2349:. Retrieved 2335: 2320: 2309: 2274: 2254: 2239: 2233:January 2011 2230: 2215:Please help 2203: 2145: 2130: 2124:January 2011 2121: 2106:Please help 2094: 2046: 2041:Nazi Germany 2009:Soviet Union 1986: 1971: 1965:January 2011 1962: 1947:Please help 1935: 1894:West Germany 1889:East Germany 1857: 1854: 1842: 1838:War children 1835: 1822: 1813: 1808: 1791:forced labor 1784: 1753: 1745:Soviet Union 1736: 1733: 1689:Soviet Union 1681: 1646: 1630: 1621: 1617: 1615: 1610: 1600: 1593: 1589: 1586:West Germany 1584: 1560:East Germany 1557: 1546: 1527: 1500: 1489: 1482: 1471: 1464: 1428: 1420:Thessaloniki 1389: 1368: 1362:January 2011 1359: 1344:Please help 1332: 1304: 1289: 1275: 1260: 1254:January 2011 1251: 1236:Please help 1224: 1174:against the 1132: 1121:. Alongside 1119:Nazi Germany 1059: 1050: 1029:slave labour 1018: 990: 975: 966:forced labor 951: 922:Soviet Union 904:who died in 895: 886:Soviet Union 868: 853: 847:January 2011 844: 829:Please help 817: 705: 690: 671: 623: 597: 578:Soviet Union 562:World War II 558:Nazi Germany 552: 431:1945 onwards 316:Bibliography 306: 246:World War II 239: 224: 206: 197: 187: 180: 173: 166: 154: 142:Please help 137:verification 134: 104: 98:October 2012 95: 73: 49: 42: 36: 35:Please help 32: 15: 7471:Bodenplatte 7357:Gothic Line 6583:West Africa 6130:Philippines 6109:Netherlands 5974:Czech lands 5912:Switzerland 5856:Afghanistan 5800:Philippines 5668:Puerto Rico 5584:Philippines 5570:New Zealand 5556:Netherlands 5509:Free France 5260:Prosecution 5061:Osoaviakhim 4931:West Africa 4915:East Africa 4562:Conferences 4429:Strasserism 4059:de Gobineau 4034:Chamberlain 3900:Politicians 3887:Volkskörper 3790:Master race 3760:Prussianism 3708:Nationalism 3663:Imperialism 3604:Corporatism 3082:Der Spiegel 3041:pp. 132,133 2809:13 November 2782:13 November 2760:13 November 2738:13 November 2665:13 November 2640:13 November 2598:13 November 2497:13 November 2378:13 November 2351:13 November 2287:use of the 2155:anti-racism 1869:Berlin Wall 1845:Berlin Wall 1595:Grundgesetz 1534:Sudetenland 1503:sovereignty 1439:armed units 1300:Warsaw Pact 1084:Hunger Plan 1046:Ostarbeiter 939:buffer zone 935:mass murder 931:Soviet Jews 926:Volga River 708:Curzon Line 7763:Categories 7571:West Hunan 7404:Pointblank 6740:Silver Fox 6726:Summer War 6479:Winter War 6458:Phoney War 6239:Azerbaijan 6200:Yugoslavia 6095:Luxembourg 5937:Resistance 5677:Yugoslavia 5542:Luxembourg 5344:Sook Ching 5140:War crimes 4742:Technology 4735:Opposition 4677:Lend-Lease 4654:Australian 4647:Home front 4605:Blitzkrieg 4555:Casualties 4546:Commanders 4518:Operations 4105:Atrocities 4020:Ideologues 3855:Syncretism 3780:Aryan race 3755:Propaganda 3703:Militarism 3684:Lebensraum 3647:Geopolitik 3573:Chauvinism 3461:Neo-Nazism 3299:Nazi Party 3164:7 December 3143:7 December 2300:References 2269:Stalingrad 2265:El Alamein 2257:blitzkrieg 1911:Ostpolitik 1812:writes in 1574:(SPD) and 1484:The Reader 1431:Resistance 1404:starvation 1105:Yugoslavia 701:Belarusian 682:Lebensraum 580:, and the 479:By theatre 467:Operations 252:Navigation 170:newspapers 75:neutrality 38:improve it 7636:Manchuria 7522:Indochina 7298:Bagration 6749:Lithuania 6394:Anschluss 6191:Viet Minh 6088:Lithuania 6030:Hong Kong 5793:Manchukuo 5748:Azad Hind 5407:Australia 5207:Aftermath 5070:Paperclip 4965:Aftermath 4765:Total war 4633:Diplomacy 4596:In Europe 4114:Action T4 4084:Rosenberg 4064:Haushofer 4009:Streicher 3795:Nordicism 3740:New Order 3429:Anschluss 3225:Ahnenerbe 2660:Channel 4 2568:1 January 2327:Footnotes 2204:does not 2095:does not 1936:does not 1721:Saar area 1701:Ruhr area 1624:(Western 1618:West-Mark 1408:reprisals 1333:does not 1225:does not 1172:civil war 1164:guerrilla 978:Leningrad 914:POW camps 818:does not 697:Ukrainian 449:Diplomacy 386:in Europe 273:Equipment 268:Countries 263:Campaigns 200:June 2007 86:talk page 44:talk page 7747:Category 7696:document 7606:document 7463:Ardennes 7447:Budapest 7395:Crossbow 7273:Overlord 7112:Smolensk 6330:Timeline 6165:Slovakia 6151:Thailand 6002:Ethiopia 5967:Bulgaria 5891:Portugal 5822:Thailand 5704:Bulgaria 5482:Eswatini 5475:Ethiopia 5428:Bulgaria 5253:Unit 731 5214:Response 5031:Keelhaul 4981:Cold War 4954:Americas 4945:timeline 4938:Atlantic 4818:Theaters 4452:Category 4391:Glossary 4345:Nobility 4158:Americas 4074:von List 4029:Baeumler 3964:Goebbels 3949:Heydrich 3929:Eichmann 3785:Aryanism 3750:Populism 3640:Eugenics 3529:Ideology 3492:Genocide 3054:Archived 2870:Archived 2842:Archived 2712:cite web 2683:Archived 2532:54860366 2491:BBC News 2438:Archived 2185:Military 2053:genocide 2013:Cold War 2007:and the 1874:Cold War 1863:See also 1818:Red Army 1677:JCS 1067 1669:Marshall 1622:Ost-Mark 1590:de facto 1553:Bismarck 1511:refugees 1496:Cold War 1416:Sephardi 1308:Cold War 1176:Chetniks 1162:waged a 1068:See also 962:genocide 958:partisan 943:Cold War 910:Hitler's 908:against 747:See also 703:origin. 646:refugees 566:subhuman 440:By topic 311:Category 284:Timeline 79:disputed 7673:Shumshu 7440:Hungary 7387:Estonia 7371:Lapland 7349:Dragoon 7282:Neptune 7264:Ichi-Go 7230:Tempest 7172:Changde 7127:Cottage 7019:Jubilee 6735:Finland 6633:Compass 6339:Prelude 6292:Finland 6178:Vietnam 6144:Romania 6016:Germany 5995:Estonia 5981:Denmark 5960:Belgium 5953:Austria 5946:Albania 5877:Ireland 5863:Andorra 5847:Neutral 5807:Romania 5741:Hungary 5726:Finland 5598:Romania 5490:Finland 5468:Denmark 5414:Belgium 5400:Algeria 5106:Romania 5092:Hungary 4848:Pacific 4572:General 4526:Leaders 4511:Battles 4504:Outline 4386:Economy 4353:Related 4340:Economy 4191:Parties 4174:Europe 4149:Germany 4147:Outside 4089:Schmitt 3974:Lammers 3954:Himmler 3924:Drexler 3914:Daluege 3909:Bormann 3735:New Man 3512:Pogroms 3497:Ghettos 3331:History 3017:VG Nett 2285:channel 2225:removed 2210:sources 2152:Liberal 2116:removed 2101:sources 1957:removed 1942:sources 1884:Germany 1775:Vatican 1741:billion 1532:), the 1453:Germany 1443:clashed 1354:removed 1339:sources 1277:Britain 1246:removed 1231:sources 1147:Croatia 1062:Ukraine 1056:Ukraine 1037:Himmler 1020:Belarus 1015:Belarus 839:removed 824:sources 733:Wrocław 644:became 638:Eastern 462:Battles 381:in Asia 374:Prelude 289:Outline 184:scholar 7769:Nazism 7650:Debate 7622:Taipei 7615:Borneo 7193:Tarawa 6387:Europe 6348:Africa 6137:Poland 6123:Norway 6102:Malaya 6081:Latvia 6023:Greece 6009:France 5905:Sweden 5870:Bhutan 5591:Poland 5577:Norway 5549:Mexico 5516:Greece 5502:France 5440:Canada 5421:Brazil 5391:Allies 5337:Serbia 5326:Poland 5099:Poland 5085:Baltic 4878:Europe 4580:Topics 4532:Allied 4374:Cinema 4355:topics 4183:Sweden 4178:Greece 4163:Brazil 4079:Müller 4049:Eckart 3969:Göring 3959:Hitler 3919:Dönitz 3765:Racism 3718:Racial 3656:Heimat 3265:NSDStB 3207:Nazism 3037: 2988: 2530: 2520: 2315: 2171:purges 2076:Racism 2003:, the 1763:, and 1523:Soviet 1507:Allies 1400:famine 1314:Greece 1281:France 1184:Ustaše 1178:. The 1151:Romani 1143:Bosnia 1042:slaves 1033:Khatyn 1024:Jewish 970:famine 906:battle 729:Warsaw 678:Poland 656:Poland 630:Poland 618:, and 576:, the 554:Nazism 186: 179: 172: 165: 157: 7426:Leyte 7256:Narva 7242:Anzio 7200:Makin 7158:Burma 7042:Torch 7011:Rzhev 6972:Kiska 6058:Korea 6044:Japan 6037:Italy 5919:Tibet 5898:Spain 5769:Italy 5530:Italy 5523:India 5447:China 5322:Japan 4922:Italy 4834:China 4786:Women 4434:Women 4279:Lists 4168:Chile 4054:Feder 4039:Darré 3994:Speer 3939:Frick 3934:Frank 3728:Ultra 3713:Ethno 3260:NSDÄB 2164:white 1200:Serbs 1139:Serbs 1115:Serbs 693:Poles 294:Lists 191:JSTOR 177:books 7492:1945 7220:1944 7061:1943 6989:Blue 6979:Attu 6886:1942 6645:1941 6497:1940 6435:1939 6364:Asia 6211:POWs 6051:Jews 5762:Iraq 5688:Axis 5638:Tuva 5454:Cuba 4539:Axis 4044:Devi 3984:Röhm 3944:Hess 3320:(SS) 3310:(SA) 3280:NSKK 3275:NSFK 3270:NSRL 3166:2012 3145:2012 3035:ISBN 2986:ISBN 2891:Time 2811:2011 2784:2011 2762:2011 2740:2011 2718:link 2667:2011 2642:2011 2600:2011 2570:2020 2528:OCLC 2518:ISBN 2499:2011 2380:2011 2374:. UK 2353:2011 2313:ISBN 2291:and 2267:and 2208:any 2206:cite 2099:any 2097:cite 1940:any 1938:cite 1761:POWs 1667:and 1665:Clay 1626:Mark 1620:and 1337:any 1335:cite 1296:NATO 1279:and 1229:any 1227:cite 1192:Jews 1168:Axis 1145:and 1123:Jews 822:any 820:cite 737:Lwów 699:and 640:and 426:1944 421:1943 415:1942 410:1941 405:1940 400:1939 163:news 72:The 4364:Art 3285:NSF 2293:V-2 2219:by 2110:by 1951:by 1806:). 1348:by 1240:by 1048:). 954:POW 833:by 718:). 568:by 146:by 7765:: 7240:/ 3116:, 3098:, 3079:, 3060:, 3014:, 2958:^ 2920:. 2888:. 2859:^ 2848:, 2800:. 2714:}} 2710:{{ 2658:. 2628:. 2586:. 2526:. 2489:. 2473:, 2457:, 2410:, 2388:^ 2370:. 2343:. 2181:. 1852:. 1751:) 1731:. 1582:. 1449:. 1310:. 614:, 610:, 584:. 47:. 6743:) 6737:( 5604:) 5600:( 5536:) 5532:( 5496:) 5492:( 5434:) 5430:( 4484:e 4477:t 4470:v 3199:e 3192:t 3185:v 3168:. 3147:. 2827:. 2813:. 2786:. 2764:. 2742:. 2720:) 2669:. 2644:. 2602:. 2572:. 2534:. 2501:. 2382:. 2355:. 2246:) 2240:( 2235:) 2231:( 2227:. 2213:. 2137:) 2131:( 2126:) 2122:( 2118:. 2104:. 1978:) 1972:( 1967:) 1963:( 1959:. 1945:. 1375:) 1369:( 1364:) 1360:( 1356:. 1342:. 1267:) 1261:( 1256:) 1252:( 1248:. 1234:. 1129:. 1044:( 980:( 860:) 854:( 849:) 845:( 841:. 827:. 668:. 542:e 535:t 528:v 388:) 379:( 347:e 340:t 333:v 231:) 225:( 213:) 207:( 202:) 198:( 188:· 181:· 174:· 167:· 140:. 111:) 105:( 100:) 96:( 92:. 82:. 54:) 50:(

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