454:, with 522 people competing for 25 delegate seats. The assembly, in session for four months from early April until late July 2011, drafted a new constitution and passed it unanimously with 25 votes and no abstentions. On 20 October 2012 the parliament put the bill to a national referendum, in which 67% of the voters supported the bill. Further, 67% of the voters supported equal voting rights (one person, one vote) and 83% supported national ownership of natural resources, two key provisions of the bill. Parliament has failed to ratify the bill, however, inviting accusations that the political class is trying to thwart the will of the people by disrespecting the result of the 2012 constitutional referendum.
998:
247:
38:
1089:
constitutional text and provisions from other states. They often used in their drafting and debates compact and pocket-sized compilations of all the existing
American constitutions, so that the constituent's assembly could draw upon the latest in constitutional design. The powers of these state constituent assemblies were also highly contested, with some claiming that they had unlimited legal power and others claiming that they must operate within the pre-existing legal landscape. In the end, a common law of constituent power emerged which held that elected constituent assemblies had limited powers.
80:, although members of the legislature may compose a significant number or all of its members. As the fundamental document constituting a state, a constitution cannot normally be modified or amended by the state's normal legislative procedures in some jurisdictions; instead a constitutional convention or a constituent assembly, the rules for which are normally laid down in the constitution, must be set up. A constituent assembly is usually set up for its specific purpose, which it carries out in a relatively short time, after which the assembly is dissolved. A constituent assembly is a form of
1084:"A legitimate constitution depended on whether the sovereign people authorized it, not whether a particular procedure was used or whether revolutionary conventions were free of other responsibilities, such as passing ordinary legislation. It was the people as the sovereign who authorized drafting those first constitutions that gave them their legitimacy, not whether they used procedures that matched what was later understood to be necessary to create fundamental law."
1058:
544:
The
Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia was established to draw up a permanent constitution. Its membership was elected in November 1955, and it met for the first time in November 1956. After four sessions, it failed to agree on the fundamental basis for the state. It was dissolved in 1959, and the
3918:
The constitution of New
Zealand consists of a collection of statutes (Acts of Parliament), Treaties, Orders-in-Council, Letters Patent, decisions of the Courts and unwritten constitutional conventions. Because it is not supreme law, the constitution is comparatively easy to reform, requiring only a
1088:
American state constituent assemblies in the 19th and 20th centuries reflected many qualities of a citizen's movement. From the start of state
American constitution-making, delegates to constitutional conventions studied earlier state models of constitutions. They often self-consciously "borrow"
87:
Unlike forms of constitution-making in which a constitution is unilaterally imposed by a sovereign lawmaker, the constituent assembly creates a constitution through "internally imposed" actions, in that members of the constituent assembly are themselves citizens, but not necessarily the political
1170:
All 50 states have had at least one
Constitutional Convention, numbering over 233. 11 were illegal and defeated by arms (Confederacy and Dorr's Rebellion). 12 were illegal and won through arms (Revolutionary War, Republic of Texas, and Vermont Republic). 37 were made in accordance with a Federal
1160:
have included six unlimited meetings. Constitutions were promulgated by fiat in 1776, 1864 and 1901–02, and ratified by referendum in 1829–30, 1850, and 1868. Limited
Conventions and Constitutional Commissions resulting in revisions were held in 1927, 1945, 1956 and 1968. Subsequently, the state
1064:(George Catlin, ca. 1830). Many state constituent assemblies, like the 1830 Virginia Constitutional Convention, were highly formalized but the legitimacy of the constitution they drafted depended on whether it was authorized by the people, not whether a particular procedure was followed.
1075:
These early state constitutional conventions frequently did not use procedural steps like popular ratification that became commonplace in the mid-19th century. Yet they were considered to be constituent assemblies that exercised their authority as that of the people. As
691:, and enacted the Constituent Act of the Mexican Federation, by which the former Provinces of Mexico were transformed into free and sovereign States. After this, a Constituent Congress was formed with the participation of the States and it enacted the
208:. The assembly has gender parity (50% females and 50% males) and has 17 seats reserved for people belonging to indigenous peoples. The assembly is granted 12 months to draft a new constitution, which has to be ratified by referendum once written, with
1072:. In fact, constituent assemblies met in the states before the formation of the Federal Constitution in 1787 as well as after its ratification. Since 1776 nearly 150 state constitutional conventions have met to draft or revise state constitutions.
567:
about the adoption of
Republic or the continuation of monarchy. Voters chose Republic, and the new assembly had the task to approve the new republic governments, as well as to write a new constitution. This was approved on 22 December 1947.
1153:
into the United States in 1791 and its government continued to function under the 1786 constitution. Two years later in 1793 held another convention to bring some provisions of its constitution into line with the
Constitution of the United
189:
In the aftermath of the recent mass uprising, the interim government of
Bangladesh is mulling over convening a new constituent assembly to draft a new inclusive democratic constitution, ensuring the inviolability of human dignity.
1138:
has been amended, or re-established de novo, through nine
Constitutional Conventions: in 1776–1777, 1801, 1821, 1846, 1867–1868, 1894, 1915, 1938, and 1967; a Constitutional Commission in 1872–1873; and a Judicial Convention in
185:
in less than a year. However, from the time of its drafting until today, the constitution has been often labelled as "fascist" and criticized for fostering autocracy and failing to adequately safeguard human rights.
156:
following the country's independence. It comprised representatives elected in the national and provincial council elections of Pakistan held in 1970. As the assembly was formed with representatives elected under the
4337:
668:
as Emperor. The relations between Emperor and Congress were always problematic, a situation that led to the dissolution of Congress by Iturbide on October 31, 1822, without a formal Constitution being enacted.
181:, and others, have labeled this assembly as illegitimate. However, despite the controversies and opposition, Sheikh Mujib's uncompromising leadership enabled the Constituent Assembly to draft and enact the
639:. The 1814 Constitution entered into force in the territories dominated by the insurgents, but as the war continued and the first insurgent leaders (like Morelos) were defeated, it was largely forgotten.
1149:
was drafted by a convention that met in July 1777 and revised by a convention that met in 1786, both of these conventions occurring when Vermont was still independent of the United States. Vermont was
4408:
788:
failed to deliver a constitution, despite multiple extensions. It also served as the country's parliament. Finally Nepal had made constitution with 89% majority. Nepal has adopted Federalism since.
520:
drafted the Constitution of India in conjunction with the requisite deliberations and debates in the Constituent Assembly. The Assembly approved the Constitution on November 26, 1949 (celebrated as
322:. A key topic for discussion was the political system, and the rules governing elections. On 25 May 1849, the constituent assembly approved the new constitution, and on 5 June 1849 it was signed by
708:
dissolved the federation and created a unitary republic, but that ended in 1846 when the Constitutive and Reforms Act was enacted and the 1824 Constitution, and thus the federation, was restored.
4028:
1022:
in 1787. Its delegates were appointed by the states, not directly elected, and not all states sent delegates; moreover, the convention was originally charged with drafting amendments to the
306:. The assembly consisted of members of which 114 were directly elected in October 1848, 38 were appointed by the king and the rest were government ministers. The constituent assembly met at
684:, which called for the establishment of a Federal Republic and for the restoration of the Constituent Congress. Iturbide was forced to abdicate and he reinstalled the Constituent Congress.
4571:(Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1997), 1–33; Christian G. Fritz, "Alternative Visions of American Constitutionalism: Popular Sovereignty and the Early American Constitutional Debate," 24
945:
1648:
1643:
1038:
1002:
1693:
3890:
are examples. In these countries there is no need to call constituent assemblies, and no provision to do so, as the legislature can effectively modify the constitution.
3426:
726:
1041:
to propose amendments but it has never done so. While Congress has the option to submit both its own proposals for amendments and those of a national convention to
2234:
2229:
1124:
1046:
2740:
4441:
2730:
1399:
4416:
1594:
3605:
2446:
1394:
4744:
1698:
887:
877:
677:
4467:
1497:
4021:
657:
235:
2735:
4117:
2909:
2239:
1128:
1120:
205:
2076:
1492:
1487:
3959:
3930:, laws which are entrenched legislation and will become part of a "future" constitution of Israel, as well as "regular" statutory legislation.
1034:
664:
legislative assembly until February 24, 1822, when the Constituent Congress was gathered. On May 19, 1822, the Constituent Congress proclaimed
1599:
347:
3756:
4857:
1663:
1658:
1653:
902:
425:
359:
31:
3235:
2858:
2180:
2175:
1703:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1731:
876:. The constitution was also used in the 3rd Republic (1946) until the passage of the 1973 constitution. Members were elected through the
363:
2244:
4611:
4362:
4254:
3897:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3610:
3431:
2914:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2783:
2778:
3640:
3635:
3200:
3195:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2848:
2843:
1688:
1589:
992:
471:
410:
137:
4338:"Interview: Situation In Bangladesh Challenging, But Happy That A Fascist Rule Has Ended, Cultural Icon Farhad Mazhar To ETV Bharat"
3281:
3271:
3261:
2924:
2919:
2904:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2071:
2066:
2061:
1836:
1811:
621:
2929:
2838:
516:. On August 15, 1947, India became an independent nation, and the Constituent Assembly started functioning as India's Parliament.
88:
leaders, of the country for which they are creating a constitution. As described by Columbia University Social Sciences Professor
508:. The constituent assembly was elected indirectly by the members of the Provincial legislative assembly, which existed under the
4517:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2441:
2436:
4387:
3486:
2640:
1604:
1195:
389:
379:
3276:
3266:
4604:
4584:
4321:
4296:
4219:
4080:
3893:
Although it lacks a written constitution, the United Kingdom has had several conventions at the subnational level including:
3021:
3006:
132:
3716:
474:
on six specified issues and others it may consider; the government has separately promised amendments on five other issues.
2401:
2381:
1868:
539:
355:
17:
3016:
2966:
2961:
2185:
1826:
1816:
729:, which was liberal in character. The Constitution was not well received by the church and Mexican conservatives, and the
3671:
3666:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
1247:
2406:
2396:
1535:
890:. The system of government changed from presidential to parliamentary to presidential-parliamentary (in 1984 amendment).
4045:
3907:
3879:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
1097:
807:
343:
231:
221:
149:
4648:
Marsha L. Baum and Christian G. Fritz, "American Constitution-Making: The Neglected State Constitutional Sources," 27
2788:
1976:
4766:
4607:
For more on the role of the requirement of complying with specific procedures and processes, see Christian G. Fritz,
4235:
4194:
4142:
3996:
3711:
3141:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2645:
2295:
2285:
2280:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
785:
781:
775:
620:(Feelings of the Nation), which was the first antecedent of the various Constitutions of Mexico. Being persecuted by
451:
199:
100:
42:
2391:
2386:
3911:
3099:
698:
Many disputes aroused between federalists and centralists, which resulted in political instability and in 1836 the
688:
152:
was the first and, to date, the only constitution-making body of Bangladesh, convened in 1972 by the government of
3456:
3057:
2557:
2290:
2195:
2190:
1831:
1821:
1449:
1444:
1439:
530:
in India. Once the Constitution took effect, the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of India.
4852:
3949:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
1769:
869:
251:
204:
As of May 2021 Chile is the most recently elected constitutional assembly. The 155 members of this assembly were
3578:
3538:
3533:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2334:
1873:
997:
3939:
2552:
2547:
1146:
967:
933:
819:
120:
76:, appointed, or some combination of these methods. Assemblies are typically considered distinct from a regular
1726:
971:
467:
402:
on June 20, 1789, promising that they would not adjourn until they had drafted a new constitution for France.
3926:
which, since 1949, serves as the country's ongoing constituent assembly. The Knesset has the power to create
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3528:
3011:
2650:
1545:
1540:
554:
483:
4715:
636:
398:) was formed when representatives assembled at the only location available – a tennis court – and swore the
1609:
1550:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1215:
975:
921:
915:
883:
673:
653:
592:
501:
616:
3883:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
2496:
2376:
1289:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1190:
1042:
692:
596:
307:
264:
158:
111:
for the sole task of writing a new constitution. And there are all sorts of intermediate arrangements."
631:
On October 22, 1814, the Congress enacted the Constitutional Decree for the Liberty of Mexican America (
2600:
2595:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1721:
1019:
811:
331:
238:
in the same year. The Assembly successfully drafted and approved the current Costa Rican Constitution.
182:
30:
This article is about the political meeting. For customs or traditions relating to a Constitution, see
4186:
803:) was held between 1788 and 1792. Its principal aim became to restore sovereignty to, and reform, the
103:, we may imagine a sovereign lawgiver laying down the constitution for all later generations. At the
4697:
4189:, Ch 7: Ways of constitution-making by Jon Elster (p. 123); Cambridge University Press, 1997. 431 pp
3944:
3761:
3600:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
2133:
2111:
1023:
846:
823:
721:, decreed the formation of another Constituent Congress, which met in 1856. During the presidency of
246:
166:
4289:
Mass Uprising and Constitution: On the Development of People's Political Consciousness in Bangladesh
850:
2300:
1971:
1555:
1135:
1045:
rather than the state legislatures for ratification; this process has been used only once (for the
873:
814:
that was designed to redress long-standing political defects of the Commonwealth and its system of
603:
521:
323:
314:
and first met on 23 October 1848. The assembly was overall split in three different groupings: the
81:
37:
1029:
The US Constitution contains no provision for its own replacement (and because of the presence of
1015:
1007:
611:
303:
294:
280:
680:
on December 18, 1822. The dissolution of Congress had resulted in an armed revolution under the
1966:
1150:
763:
500:
as an independent nation. It was set up as a result of negotiations between the leaders of the
4684:
4666:
4160:
4132:
4110:
665:
563:'s defeat during World War II. It was elected with universal suffrage, simultaneously with a
493:
421:
227:
153:
4608:
4266:
4597:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
4577:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
3927:
3887:
3801:
1157:
1078:
American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War
952:
842:
439:
4257:[The Constitution of Bangladesh and the Trajectory of the State: The Early Years]
3846:
State legislatures put restrictions on conventions that were not followed in these cases.
649:
8:
4504:
4212:
The Birth Story of Bangladesh's Constitution in Light of the Constituent Assembly Debates
3615:
1961:
755:
572:
463:
403:
315:
4827:
4633:
The Remaking of State Constitutions: The Uses of Liberalism in Designing Electoral Laws
4312:
Umar, Badruddin (2019). "আর্থ-সামাজিক-রাজনৈতিক পরিবর্তনের ধারা". In Ahmad, Ahrar (ed.).
3875:
4808:
4229:
4098:
3954:
3325:
3320:
3315:
1030:
929:
865:. After a lengthy debate in the latter part of 1898, it was enacted on 21 January 1899.
751:
174:
108:
4545:(Edited by Max Farrand; revised edition in Four Volumes, Yale University Press, 1966).
849:, the first constitutional republic in Asia. The drafted constitution was written by
588:
438:, which drafted its own constitution in 1949 and would not accept the Basic Law until
4800:
4762:
4680:
4600:
4580:
4317:
4292:
4215:
4190:
4156:
4148:
4138:
4086:
4076:
4002:
3992:
1069:
858:
722:
430:
399:
385:
299:
256:
209:
4391:
3850:
Georgia 1789 proposed alternatives instead of accepting or rejecting a constitution.
978:. The constitution was prepared and approved by the voters in a referendum of 1961.
759:
739:, which the liberals won, then restoring the 1857 Constitution and adding to it the
4792:
4672:
4291:] (in Bengali). Dhaka: Rastrochinta (published August 2023). pp. 148–180.
3901:
1068:
A long tradition in the use of constituent assemblies exists at the state level of
894:
854:
730:
560:
367:
351:
96:
4569:
Between Authority and Liberty: State Constitution Making in Revolutionary America
610:
whilst the war of independence was still ongoing. During the opening of Congress,
4615:
505:
284:
268:
69:
4732:
712:
949:
898:
815:
717:
644:
517:
406:
recognized the validity of the National Constituent Assembly on June 27, 1789.
170:
4090:
4846:
4804:
4314:সমাজ রাষ্ট্র বিবর্তন: জ্ঞানতাপস আব্দুর রাজ্জাক গুণিজন বক্তৃতামালা (২০১৭-২০১৮)
4006:
1116:
862:
178:
3988:
Constitutionalism in Africa : creating opportunities, facing challenges
3964:
625:
4250:
4152:
642:
After independence was consummated on September 27, 1821, and based on the
607:
526:
435:
319:
65:
4676:
1096:
have held multiple conventions over the years to change their particular
834:
740:
700:
559:
The Constituent Assembly of Italy was established in 1946 in the wake of
509:
77:
1161:
legislature proposes amendments that are ratified in popular referendum.
136:
held four constitutional conventions, one each in 1891, 1897, 1973, and
4812:
4780:
4554:
Albert L. Sturm, "The Development of American State Constitutions," 12
1093:
804:
796:
747:
736:
564:
497:
311:
162:
89:
4070:
853:
and Felipe Buencamino as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the
524:), and it took effect on January 26, 1950 — a day now commemorated as
4436:
4434:
3986:
956:
584:
104:
73:
27:
Body of representatives convened to draft or adopt a new constitution
4796:
3856:
New York 1867 worked past its deadline and submitted its work later.
1057:
4761:
Dinan, John. "The Virginia State Constitution: a reference guide",
4442:"Den Grundlovgivende Rigsforsamling | Gyldendal – Den Store Danske"
3900:(1975–1976) – a failed attempt to find a solution to the status of
1110:
1104:
602:
The first Constituent Congress of independent Mexico, known as the
434:. This council was not recognized as legitimate by Soviet-occupied
4635:, 1820–1850 (Northern Illinois Univ. Press, 1999); John J. Dinan,
4431:
3878:, which can thus be amended by normal legislative procedures; the
810:
politically and economically. These attempts were made by writing
4829:
Constitutional conventions, their nature, powers, and limitations
3923:
3859:
Pennsylvania 1872 against restriction altered the Bill of Rights.
1142:
64:) is a body assembled for the purpose of drafting or revising a
4832:. Robarts - University of Toronto. Boston, Little. p. 111.
4388:"Constituent assembly to be convened for charter reform: Nahid"
3869:
925:
882:
1971 – to draft a revised constitution to replace the old U.S.
687:
The Congress then created a provisional government, called the
571:
It was dissolved on 31 January 1948, to be replaced by the new
932:
of 1917 to form a new constitution after the overthrow of the
633:
Decreto Constitucional para la Libertad de la América Mexicana
234:
Government, the leaders of the victorious side called for the
4698:"MISSOURI STATE ARCHIVES - Missouri Constitutions, 1820-1945"
4285:গণঅভ্যুত্থান ও গঠন: বাংলাদেশে গণরাজনৈতিক ধারার বিকাশ প্রসঙ্গে
3853:
Illinois 1862 and 1869 disregarded a requirement for an oath.
1003:
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States
901:
appointed members to draft the 1987 Constitution through the
513:
489:
165:, several political parties and political leaders, including
4518:"Resolution on Constitutional Assembly passed in Parliament"
4316:(in Bengali). Dhaka: Bengal Publications. pp. 156–182.
95:"Constitutions arise in a number of different ways. At the
4068:
4022:"The Role of Constituent Assemblies in Constitution Making"
818:. The constitution lasted for merely a year because of the
595:. By the time this Constitution was enacted, an insurgency
545:
original constitution imposed by presidential decree.(OTP)
4403:
4401:
358:. This constitution was abandoned after being rejected in
4745:"Michigan Legislature – CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN OF 1963"
4409:"Demokratiets etablering: Den Grundlovgivende Forsamling"
161:, issued by Pakistan's then-military ruler and President
4468:"Danmarks Riges Grundlov, 5. juni 1849 (Junigrundloven)"
1107:
has held six, in 1820, 1845, 1865, 1875, 1922, and 1945.
893:
1986 – The ex-constitution lasted until the downfall of
868:
1935 – to draft a constitution to create the autonomous
672:
After the dissolution of Congress, Iturbide created the
4398:
3865:
Michigan 1908 submitted its work in November not April.
624:
troops, the Congress fled Chilpancingo and gathered in
4214:] (in Bengali). Dhaka: Mowla Brothers. p. 7.
3984:
3922:
The constitutional law of Israel is determined by the
1037:
of the Constitution does permit Congress to appoint a
68:. Members of a constituent assembly may be elected by
3841:
944:
The Sri Lankan Parliament approved the creation of a
450:
On 27 November 2010, Iceland held an election for a
4208:গণপরিষদের বিতর্কের আলোকে বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান জন্মকথা
1165:
764:
Political Constitution of the United Mexican States
107:, we may imagine a constituent assembly elected by
4660:
4658:
888:1970 Philippine Constitutional Convention election
878:1934 Philippine Constitutional Convention election
735:called for its derogation. This events led to the
678:Provisional Political Bylaws of the Mexican Empire
4781:"The Development of American State Constitutions"
4255:"বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান ও রাষ্ট্রের গতিমুখ: সূচনাকাল"
955:. The assembly will draft a new constitution for
4844:
4579:(Cambridge University Press, 2008) at pp. 31–35
4655:
4363:"Constitution needs rewriting to bar autocracy"
3919:majority of Members of Parliament to amend it.
3862:Alabama 1901 increase delegate pay above limit.
119:For a full list of constituent assemblies, see
3960:National Constituent Assembly (disambiguation)
4543:The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787
424:(Parliamentary Council) (1948) – Drafted the
277:The Constitution giving Assembly of the Realm
4599:(Cambridge University Press, 2008) at p. 33
4130:
3870:Countries without an entrenched constitution
1113:has held four, in 1835, 1850, 1908 and 1963.
1062:The Virginia Constitutional Convention, 1830
1033:it cannot be revoked through an amendment).
758:formed a Constituent Congress, which met in
393:
32:Constitutional convention (political custom)
4668:The American Tradition of Constituent Power
4637:The American State Constitutional Tradition
326:. For this reason, it is also known as the
4283:Mazhar, Farhad (2023). "গঠন ও গঠনতন্ত্র".
3898:Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention
614:outlined its program in a document called
295:Constitutional Act of the Realm of Denmark
4609:"America's Unknown Constitutional World,"
4116:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
993:Constitutional Convention (United States)
658:Act of Independence of the Mexican Empire
656:was stablished. The Junta proclaimed the
411:1848 French Constituent Assembly election
4664:
1056:
996:
245:
36:
784:, the last one being elected after its
725:, the Constituent Congress enacted the
512:. It first met on December 9, 1946, in
14:
4845:
4665:Partlett, William (16 December 2014),
4282:
3967:, also called the Constituent Assembly
3910:(1989) – produced a plan for Scottish
380:National Constituent Assembly (France)
4778:
4650:Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly
4573:Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly
4248:
4205:
388:(from July 1789 to September 1791) a
298:) and formalized the transition from
4825:
4575:(1997), 322–29; Christian G. Fritz,
4311:
4069:Macfarlane, Emmett, editor. (2016).
599:from Spain was already established.
540:Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia
4858:American constitutional conventions
4493:The A to Z of the French Revolution
4134:Newar Bdair – The Constituent Power
886:. Members were elected through the
318:, the Friends of Peasants, and the
24:
4460:
4072:Constitutional Amendment in Canada
3908:Scottish Constitutional Convention
3842:Legislative restrictions surpassed
1131:, 1917–18, and most recently 2016.
1039:national constitutional convention
970:was established in 1961 after the
754:was still being fought, President
273:Den Grundlovgivende Rigsforsamling
236:election of a Constituent Assembly
222:Constituent Assembly of Costa Rica
206:elected between 15 and 16 May 2021
150:Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh
25:
4869:
4206:Islam, Kabedul (September 2023).
4046:"3.1.2 Constitutional assemblies"
946:Sri Lanka Constitutional Assembly
776:2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly
426:Basic Law of the Federal Republic
337:
200:Constitutional Convention (Chile)
167:Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
43:Chilean constitutional convention
4505:Dáil debates Vol. 728 No. 3 p. 5
4034:from the original on 2021-03-28.
4019:
1166:State constitutional conventions
1026:rather than a new constitution.
981:
468:government elected in March 2011
395:Assemblée nationale constituante
4819:
4772:
4755:
4737:
4726:
4708:
4690:
4642:
4625:
4589:
4561:
4548:
4535:
4510:
4498:
4485:
4380:
4355:
4330:
4305:
4276:
3985:Oloka-Onyango, Joseph. (2001).
3874:A few countries do not have an
870:Commonwealth of the Philippines
711:On October 16, 1854, President
704:(Seven Laws) were enacted. The
252:The Danish Constituent Assembly
4639:(Univ. Press of Kansas, 2006).
4242:
4199:
4187:Democracy's Victory and Crisis
4179:
4167:
4124:
4062:
4038:
4013:
3978:
3940:List of constituent assemblies
1080:by Christian G. Fritz notes:.
1016:U.S. Constitutional Convention
968:Constituent Assembly of Turkey
948:on March 9, 2016, proposed by
934:Russian Provisional Government
829:
808:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
762:and enacted the still-current
470:has committed to establishing
121:List of constituent assemblies
13:
1:
4733:19th Century Michigan History
4234:: CS1 maint: date and year (
4050:Constitution Making for Peace
3971:
837:has had several conventions:
555:Constituent Assembly of Italy
484:Constituent Assembly of India
390:National Constituent Assembly
215:
143:
114:
4826:Hoar, Roger Sherman (1917).
939:
922:Russian Constituent Assembly
916:Russian Constituent Assembly
884:1935 Philippine constitution
533:
502:Indian independence movement
488:The Constituent Assembly of
330:. Today, 5 June is known as
126:
41:Opening session of the 2021
7:
4622:, Vol. 9, No. 1 (Oct. 2008)
4415:(in Danish). Archived from
3933:
1182:Constitutional conventions
654:Provisional Governing Junta
504:and members of the British
265:Danish Constituent Assembly
159:Legal Framework Order, 1970
10:
4874:
4716:"CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN"
1181:
1020:United States Constitution
1018:drafted the still-current
990:
986:
913:
820:Polish-Russian War of 1792
812:Constitution of 3 May 1791
773:
637:Constitution of Apatzingán
552:
537:
496:, and served as its first
481:
457:
445:
416:
377:
366:, and was replaced by the
279:) of 1848 established the
241:
228:1948 Costa Rican Civil War
219:
197:
118:
29:
4779:Sturm, Albert L. (1982).
4249:Ahmed, Firoz (May 2015).
3945:Constitutional Commission
1052:
1024:Articles of Confederation
962:
909:
847:First Philippine Republic
824:Third Partition of Poland
791:
674:National Instituent Junta
617:Sentimientos de la Nación
597:fighting for independence
578:
492:was elected to write the
472:constitutional amendments
373:
54:constitutional convention
1136:Constitution of New York
974:to prepare a democratic
972:1960 Turkish coup d'état
841:1898 – drafted the 1898
769:
606:, was first gathered in
585:Viceroyalty of New Spain
548:
477:
428:for ratification by the
354:and ratification by the
193:
82:representative democracy
4702:Missouri State Archives
4265:: 86–98. Archived from
4137:. Fountain Publishers.
3991:. Fountain Publishers.
3876:entrenched constitution
1008:Howard Chandler Christy
845:, the basic law of the
452:constitutional assembly
348:Constitution for Europe
304:constitutional monarchy
289:Danmarks Riges Grundlov
281:Constitution of Denmark
62:constitutional assembly
58:constitutional congress
4853:Constituent assemblies
4749:www.legislature.mi.gov
4720:www.legislature.mi.gov
4394:on September 24, 2024.
1086:
1065:
1047:Twenty-first Amendment
1011:
851:Felipe Calderón y Roca
782:Constituent assemblies
394:
288:
272:
260:
226:Immediately after the
97:non-democratic extreme
45:
4131:Newar Bdair. (2001).
3950:Convention parliament
1098:state's constitutions
1082:
1060:
1000:
587:sent deputies to the
494:Constitution of India
422:Parlamentarischer Rat
308:Christiansborg Palace
249:
232:Rafael Angel Calderón
154:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
40:
4677:10.2139/ssrn.2538970
4472:danmarkshistorien.dk
4419:on 24 September 2020
4413:danmarkshistorien.dk
4185:Axel Hadenius, ed.,
3928:Basic Laws of Israel
1158:Virginia Conventions
953:Ranil Wickramasinghe
874:Tydings–McDuffie Act
843:Malolos Constitution
676:, which enacted the
591:, which enacted the
440:German reunification
350:for approval by the
346:(2001) drafted the
50:constituent assembly
18:Constituent Assembly
1175:
928:in the wake of the
924:was established in
756:Venustiano Carranza
666:Agustín de Iturbide
604:Congress of Anahuac
573:Parliament of Italy
344:European Convention
230:that overthrew the
4614:2011-05-11 at the
4109:has generic name (
3955:Constituent Cortes
1174:
1147:first constitution
1066:
1031:entrenched clauses
1012:
930:October Revolution
752:Mexican Revolution
612:José María Morelos
324:King Frederick VII
261:
109:universal suffrage
105:democratic extreme
46:
4769:, 2006, pp. 8–24.
4704:. April 15, 2024.
4631:Laura J. Scalia,
4605:978-0-521-88188-3
4585:978-0-521-88188-3
4446:denstoredanske.dk
4323:978-984-93718-7-8
4298:978-984-97818-0-6
4221:978-984-97686-5-4
4082:978-1-4426-1900-5
3839:
3838:
1119:has held six, in
1070:Constitutionalism
1043:state conventions
859:Apolinario Mabini
750:, and whilst the
727:1857 Constitution
723:Ignacio Comonfort
693:1824 Constitution
682:Plan de Casa Mata
650:Treaty of Córdoba
593:1812 Constitution
400:Tennis Court Oath
386:French Revolution
364:Dutch referendums
328:June constitution
316:National liberals
300:absolute monarchy
257:Constantin Hansen
210:compulsory voting
52:(also known as a
16:(Redirected from
4865:
4834:
4833:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4776:
4770:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4741:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4662:
4653:
4652:(2000), 199–242.
4646:
4640:
4629:
4623:
4593:
4587:
4567:Marc W. Kruman,
4565:
4559:
4552:
4546:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4522:www.adaderana.lk
4514:
4508:
4502:
4496:
4491:Paul R. Hanson,
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4438:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4405:
4396:
4395:
4390:. Archived from
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4272:on May 20, 2024.
4271:
4260:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4233:
4225:
4203:
4197:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4094:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4026:
4017:
4011:
4010:
3982:
3902:Northern Ireland
1176:
1173:
895:Ferdinand Marcos
855:Malolos Congress
816:Golden Liberties
732:Plan de Tacubaya
635:), known as the
522:Constitution Day
397:
368:Treaty of Lisbon
352:European Council
332:Constitution Day
175:A.S.M. Abdur Rab
21:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4824:
4820:
4797:10.2307/3329673
4777:
4773:
4760:
4756:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4731:
4727:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4663:
4656:
4647:
4643:
4630:
4626:
4618:Bonus Article,
4616:Wayback Machine
4594:
4590:
4566:
4562:
4553:
4549:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4503:
4499:
4495:(2013) pp 85–86
4490:
4486:
4477:
4475:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4451:
4449:
4440:
4439:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4407:
4406:
4399:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4372:
4370:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4347:
4345:
4342:ETV Bharat News
4336:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4310:
4306:
4299:
4281:
4277:
4269:
4258:
4247:
4243:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4204:
4200:
4184:
4180:
4172:
4168:
4145:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4106:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4083:
4067:
4063:
4054:
4052:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4024:
4018:
4014:
3999:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3936:
3872:
3844:
3258:South Carolina
2901:North Carolina
1168:
1055:
995:
989:
984:
965:
942:
918:
912:
903:1986 Commission
872:under the U.S.
835:The Philippines
832:
799:(also known as
794:
778:
772:
660:and acted as a
589:Cortes of Cadiz
581:
557:
551:
542:
536:
506:Cabinet Mission
486:
480:
460:
448:
419:
382:
376:
340:
244:
224:
218:
202:
196:
146:
129:
124:
117:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4871:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4836:
4835:
4818:
4771:
4754:
4736:
4725:
4707:
4689:
4654:
4641:
4624:
4588:
4560:
4558:(1982), 57–98.
4547:
4534:
4509:
4507:March 22, 2011
4497:
4484:
4459:
4430:
4397:
4379:
4367:The Daily Star
4354:
4329:
4322:
4304:
4297:
4275:
4241:
4220:
4198:
4178:
4166:
4143:
4123:
4081:
4061:
4037:
4012:
3997:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3935:
3932:
3916:
3915:
3905:
3880:United Kingdom
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3708:West Virginia
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2637:New Hampshire
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2226:Massachusetts
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
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1208:
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1198:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1171:enabling law.
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1140:
1132:
1114:
1108:
1054:
1051:
991:Main article:
988:
985:
983:
980:
964:
961:
950:Prime Minister
941:
938:
914:Main article:
911:
908:
907:
906:
899:Corazon Aquino
891:
880:
866:
831:
828:
801:Four-Year Sejm
797:The Great Sejm
793:
790:
780:Nepal had two
774:Main article:
771:
768:
718:Plan de Ayutla
645:Plan de Iguala
580:
577:
553:Main article:
550:
547:
538:Main article:
535:
532:
518:B. R. Ambedkar
482:Main article:
479:
476:
459:
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447:
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418:
415:
378:Main article:
375:
372:
339:
338:European Union
336:
255:. Painting by
243:
240:
220:Main article:
217:
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198:Main article:
195:
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171:Badruddin Umar
145:
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116:
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26:
9:
6:
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3:
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4767:0-313-33208-8
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4325:
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4308:
4300:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4268:
4264:
4263:Sarbojonkotha
4256:
4252:
4251:Muhammad, Anu
4245:
4237:
4231:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4202:
4196:
4195:9780521573115
4192:
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4182:
4175:
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4162:
4158:
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4150:
4146:
4144:9970-02-271-7
4140:
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4100:
4092:
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4023:
4016:
4008:
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4000:
3998:9970-02-271-7
3994:
3990:
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3500:
3498:
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3476:
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3425:
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3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
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3400:
3397:
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3387:
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3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:South Dakota
3311:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
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3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3256:
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3249:
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3241:
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3237:
3234:
3232:
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3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:Rhode Island
3191:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:Pennsylvania
3137:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:North Dakota
2957:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
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2928:
2926:
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2913:
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2908:
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2900:
2899:
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2877:
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2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
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2837:
2834:
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2826:
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2822:
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2814:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
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2790:
2787:
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2780:
2777:
2774:
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2770:
2768:
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2760:
2758:
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2754:
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2734:
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2729:
2726:
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2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
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2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
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2616:
2614:
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2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2366:
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2362:
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2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
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2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
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1844:
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1806:
1803:
1801:
1799:
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1779:
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1768:
1765:
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1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
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1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1579:
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1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
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1554:
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1544:
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1537:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
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1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
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1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
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1459:
1457:
1455:
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1434:
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1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
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1484:Connecticut
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897:in 1986 and
833:
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715:, under the
713:Juan Álvarez
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527:Republic Day
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429:
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276:
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250:
225:
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4448:(in Danish)
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3884:New Zealand
3663:Washington
2775:New Mexico
2727:New Jersey
1391:California
1127:, 1820–21,
1094:U.S. states
830:Philippines
786:predecessor
741:Reform Laws
706:Siete Leyes
701:Siete Leyes
689:Triumvirate
510:British Raj
384:During the
78:legislature
72:, drawn by
4847:Categories
4478:2018-12-10
4452:8 February
4423:8 February
4373:2024-09-28
4348:2024-09-28
4091:1046612703
4055:2021-10-31
3972:References
3965:Third Dáil
3912:devolution
3753:Wisconsin
3360:Tennessee
2331:Minnesota
2058:Louisiana
805:federative
748:Porfiriato
746:After the
737:Reform War
626:Apatzingán
565:referendum
498:Parliament
312:Copenhagen
216:Costa Rica
163:Yahya Khan
144:Bangladesh
115:By country
90:Jon Elster
4805:0048-5950
4230:cite book
4099:cite book
4007:849441803
3597:Virginia
3054:Oklahoma
2835:New York
2544:Nebraska
2433:Missouri
2277:Michigan
2172:Maryland
2009:Kentucky
1808:Illinois
1532:Delaware
1436:Colorado
1328:Arkansas
1035:Article V
957:Sri Lanka
940:Sri Lanka
766:of 1917.
760:Querétaro
534:Indonesia
442:in 1990.
409:See also
404:Louis XVI
283:in 1849 (
133:Australia
127:Australia
74:sortition
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4527:19 March
4176:. at 125
4029:Archived
3934:See also
3798:Wyoming
3525:Vermont
2493:Montana
1865:Indiana
1640:Georgia
1586:Florida
1286:Arizona
1187:Alabama
1151:admitted
1111:Michigan
1105:Missouri
1092:Several
822:and the
662:de facto
648:and the
622:royalist
370:in 2007
101:spectrum
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4785:Publius
4685:2538970
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4556:Publius
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4161:3286293
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3611:1850–51
3606:1829–30
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3226:1964–69
3162:1967–68
3157:1872–73
3152:1837–38
3147:1789–90
3096:Oregon
3058:1906–07
3012:1850–51
2967:1971–72
2920:1865–66
2915:1861–62
2839:1776–77
2794:1889–90
2706:1956–59
2696:1938–41
2686:1918–23
2661:1850–51
2656:1791–92
2651:1781–83
2646:1778–79
2592:Nevada
2558:1919–20
2512:1971–72
2467:1943–44
2462:1922–23
2447:1861–63
2301:1961–62
2296:1907–08
2245:1917–19
2230:1779–80
2196:1967–68
2181:1850–51
2112:1973–74
2028:1890–91
2023:1849–50
1958:Kansas
1874:1850–51
1837:1969–70
1832:1920–22
1827:1869–70
1718:Hawaii
1590:1838–39
1450:1875–76
1400:1878–79
1367:1978–80
1362:1969–70
1357:1917–18
1248:1955–56
1244:Alaska
1154:States.
1143:Vermont
1125:1779–80
987:Federal
464:Ireland
458:Ireland
446:Iceland
417:Germany
291:; lit.
275:; lit.
259:(1864).
242:Denmark
99:of the
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1766:Idaho
1179:State
1053:States
1010:(1940)
963:Turkey
926:Russia
910:Russia
792:Poland
652:, the
579:Mexico
466:, the
431:Länder
374:France
360:French
285:Danish
269:Danish
4809:JSTOR
4287:[
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4259:(PDF)
4210:[
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3483:Utah
3003:Ohio
1910:Iowa
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1006:, by
770:Nepal
549:Italy
514:Delhi
490:India
478:India
194:Chile
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4801:ISSN
4763:ISBN
4681:SSRN
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4581:ISBN
4541:See
4529:2018
4454:2019
4425:2019
4318:ISBN
4293:ISBN
4236:link
4216:ISBN
4191:ISBN
4157:SSRN
4149:OCLC
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4118:link
4111:help
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4077:ISBN
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3993:ISBN
3886:and
3802:1889
3757:1846
3717:1872
3672:1889
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3641:1956
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3321:1885
3316:1883
3282:1895
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3272:1865
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3236:1986
3231:1973
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3216:1955
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3206:1944
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3196:1841
3142:1776
3100:1857
3022:1912
3017:1873
3007:1802
2962:1889
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2013:1792
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