2003:
36:
1620:
216:
45:
1073:
3449:
2136:
3473:
3437:
1258:, called the ruling "a coup attempt against the constitutional order." He further emphasized the significance of the situation, stating, "I called our parliamentary group to an extraordinary closed meeting on the latest developments in the judiciary. The developments cannot be underestimated or ignored. Beyond the crime of violating the Constitution, this is an attempt to oppose the constitutional order. It should be suppressed immediately."
2327:
3485:
2124:
1785:
1990:
3461:
334:, or judges of the high courts. In addition to those functions, it examines individual applications on the grounds that one of the fundamental rights and freedoms within the scope of the European Convention on Human Rights which are guaranteed by the Constitution has been violated by public authorities (Article 148/3 of the Turkish Constitution).
445:
A two-thirds majority is required in the first ballot; if this majority is not reached, the absolute majority of MP´s is required in the second ballot and. Failing this, a runoff election among the two candidates with the greatest number of votes will determine the winner. Ultimately, therefore, the
377:
review (respectively, before and after enactment), and it can invalidate whole laws or governmental decrees and prevent their application in future cases. Challenges to a law must be made within the first two months of its promulgation. The court decides over the parliamentary immunity of the members
449:
To qualify for appointments as a member of the Court, professors, senior administrative officers, and attorneys-at-law are required to be over the age of 40 and to have completed their higher education or to have served at least 15 years as teaching staff of institutions of higher education or to
1235:
The
Constitutional Court had previously ordered the release of Atalay, asserting that his imprisonment infringed upon his rights to security, liberty, and the right to be elected. However the Court of Cassation annulled this decision, instructing lower courts not to abide by it. Furthermore, the
457:
and vice presidents from among its regular members for a renewable term of four years by secret ballot and by an absolute majority of their members. The members of the
Constitutional Court are not allowed to assume other official and private functions, apart from their main functions.
1156:
Decision no. 2001–332, dated 18.07.2001: The Court, in response to applications made by regular courts, ruled that some parts of the
Amnesty Law passed by the parliament were unconstitutional, which resulted in a minor expansion in the scope of the proposed
1046:, who served for two years (1962–64). Following the second (Ömer Lütfi Akadlı - 1964–66) and the third (İbrahim Senil - 1966–68) presidents, the court failed to elect a president for 29 months (until 1970) during which it was headed by an acting president.
1030:
The first decision the court gave is dated
September 5, 1962, which was published on the Official Gazette on October 3, 1962. It was about a direct petition by a certain İnaç Tureren for the annulment of an article of the Law of Criminal Procedure
1153:– FP), the successor to the Welfare Party. The decision, however, stated that the Court did not consider the FP to be the continuation of the RP, but cited the Islamist policies followed by the party as the main reasons behind the closure.
1007:. There existed no legal institution to review the constitutionality of laws passed by the parliament, and of acts and actions of governments. The social democratic opposition, intellectuals, and the military junta that came into power by
306:) is the highest legal body for constitutional review in Turkey. It "examines the constitutionality, in respect of both form and substance, of laws, decrees having the force of law, and the Rules of Procedure of the
1168:
did not violate the separation of religion and state and did not close it, but noted that it had become "a center for anti-secular activities" and cut the state's funding of the party's activities by 50%.
1039:), which was claimed to be violating the provisions of Article 30 of the constitution. The court turned down the case, stating that individual application to the court was constitutionally impossible.
2174:
1569:
1533:
1313:
338:
1439:
1183:
violated
Articles 68 and 69 of the Constitution and the Political Parties Law. "The party became a focal point for terrorism against the indivisible integrity of the state.", stated
2167:
1224:
and the
Constitutional Court when the Court of Cassation intervened to overturn a ruling by the Constitutional Court regarding the release of an imprisoned member of the
860:
1417:
1476:
2160:
828:
2183:
2059:
503:
454:
3329:
896:
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724:
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3531:
1964:
1161:
961:
660:
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1647:
1454:
64:
1435:
1236:
appeals court called for a criminal investigation into the
Constitutional Court members, alleging that their ruling constituted a violation of
2992:
1819:
792:
3155:
2534:
1598:
1503:
3128:
2529:
1993:
1205:
1011:
on May 27, 1960, supported limitation and control of the parliamentary power in the face of abuses of parliamentary majority by the
126:
2926:
1906:
2315:
1127:– DEP), a pro-Kurdish party, on the grounds that it violated the principle of territorial/national integrity and indivisibility.
3521:
3418:
2560:
2507:
2050:
1247:
1165:
1024:
1414:
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three (at least two of whom being lawyers) members from a list of three candidates for each vacant position nominated by the
2438:
2293:
1957:
946:
845:
613:
408:
2885:
2600:
2426:
1824:
1640:
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2916:
2906:
349:
Part Four, Section Two of the
Constitution establishes the Constitutional Court that rules on the constitutionality of
2921:
2868:
2806:
2494:
2477:
1802:
1534:"Top Turkish appeals court files criminal complaint against Constitutional Court justices regarding MP Atalay ruling"
1243:
1225:
1084:
782:
682:
650:
307:
3511:
3354:
3039:
2838:
2762:
2550:
2091:
2011:
1926:
1697:
994:
3034:
2482:
1950:
450:
have actually worked at least 21 years in public service or to have practiced as a lawyer for at least 21 years.
1003:. Prior to that date, absolute superiority of the parliament was adopted as a constitutional principle, with no
3526:
3176:
2873:
2742:
2720:
2633:
1633:
1372:
1053:
1049:
The articles of the constitution regulating the structure of the court were slightly amended in 1971 and 1973.
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2703:
1008:
108:
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2034:
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2019:
2002:
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1303:
1251:
1191:
1000:
119:
411:
among professors of law, economy or political sciences, who are themselves not members of the council, and
3304:
2931:
2911:
2833:
2757:
2502:
2308:
2232:
2081:
1687:
1221:
999:
The
Constitutional Court of Turkey was established on April 25, 1962, according to the provisions of the
975:
581:
549:
426:
two members from a list of three candidates for each vacant position nominated by the Court of
Accounts (
394:
1052:
Although the constitution of 1961 was annulled by the military regime that came into the power with the
3027:
3002:
2880:
2730:
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2555:
2421:
2107:
1834:
777:
645:
386:
According to Article 146 of the Constitution, the Constitutional Court is composed of fifteen members.
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1455:
Tecimer, Cem: "Why the Turkish Constitutional Court’s Knowledge Decision is No Reason to Celebrate"
1283:
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1120:
677:
438:
401:
327:
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2752:
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called this action a "judicial coup attempt". Additionally, certain executives within the ruling
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2938:
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1973:
1901:
1850:
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357:. The Court rules on issues referred to it by the President, the members of Parliament, or any
311:
177:
3255:
1578:
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532:
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one member from a list of three candidates for each vacant position nominated by the heads of
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four members among senior administrative officers, attorneys-at-law, judges, prosecutors, and
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3150:
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1911:
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1891:
1113:
1056:
of September 12, 1980, the court went on operating. It currently operates according to the
8:
3220:
3171:
3104:
3054:
2953:
2863:
2811:
2624:
2605:
2391:
1855:
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of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and has the authority to ban political parties.
323:
1860:
1619:
393:
three members from a list of three candidates for each vacant position nominated by the
337:
The Court is the seat of the Center for Training and Human Resources Development of the
215:
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3334:
3314:
3227:
3116:
3059:
2855:
2777:
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two members from a list of three candidates for each vacant position nominated by the
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1526:
1410:
1308:
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427:
315:
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262:
2207:
1250:
criticised the Court of Cassation's ruling. The new leader of the main opposition
1027:
have rejected the idea of judicial review, pushing for parliamentary superiority.
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1421:
1399:
1104:
Decision no. 1989–12, dated 07.03.1989: The Court, in response to then president
1004:
44:
2237:
2197:
1523:
1477:"Turkey's top appeals court files complaint against constitutional court judges"
1138:– RP), an Islamist party, on the grounds that it was violating the principle of
1043:
618:
554:
498:
446:
dominant political force in parliament will decide by relative majority.
231:
3309:
3089:
3012:
2645:
2413:
2374:
1471:
1469:
1108:'s application for annulment of a law passed by parliament, ruled that wearing
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3441:
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128:
79:
66:
1586:
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3413:
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2448:
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1273:
1146:
1595:
The Constitutional Court of Turkey: Between Legal and Political Reasoning.
3277:
2588:
1942:
1293:
1105:
1625:
1593:
Silvia von Steinsdorff, Ece Göztepe, Maria Haimerl, and Felix Petersen.
1358:
1334:
1072:
2242:
2222:
1229:
1139:
913:
877:
809:
741:
1314:
Association of Asian Constitutional Courts and Equivalent Institutions
339:
Association of Asian Constitutional Courts and Equivalent Institutions
1508:
1298:
1109:
366:
362:
361:
before whom an exception of unconstitutionality has been raised by a
2182:
1145:
Decision no. 2001–2, dated 21.06.2001: The Court ruled to close the
1130:
Decision no. 1998–1, dated 16.01.1998: The Court ruled to close the
1119:
Decision no. 1994–2, dated 16.06.1994: The Court ruled to close the
3133:
2460:
3143:
1989:
314:). If necessary, it also functions as the Supreme Criminal Court (
1481:
350:
3138:
2331:
2326:
1976:
1217:
917:
881:
813:
745:
354:
112:
50:
1613:
204:
358:
1504:"Turkey's two top courts go to war over jailed politician"
161:"Rights and freedoms are dignity and virtue of humanity"
16:
Highest legal body for constitutional review in Turkey
1415:
AK Party to ask for retrial by Constitutional Court
1179:(PKK), considered a terrorist group. It argued the
1023:, a descendant of the Democratic Party; as well as
466:The Constitutional Court consists of 15 members:
369:. The Constitutional Court has the right to both
3503:
1171:Decision dated 2009/12/11: The court decided to
1162:2008 Justice and Development Party closure trial
1015:governments (1950–60) under the premiership of
2309:
2168:
1958:
1641:
1198:
1373:"The constitution of the Republic of Turkey"
422:The Parliament appoints by secret ballot:
254:Vice Presidents of the Constitutional Court
2316:
2302:
2175:
2161:
1972:
1965:
1951:
1648:
1634:
1618:
214:
1655:
1431:
1429:
3532:Courts and tribunals established in 1961
1436:Turkey's Constitutional Court closes DTP
1332:
418:with at least five years of experience.
3504:
3246:
1994:Constitution of the Republic of Turkey
1426:
1190:Decision dated 26.12.2019 lifting the
2297:
2156:
1946:
1754:Military High Court of Administration
1629:
1570:Revue internationale de droit comparé
1206:2023–24 Turkish constitutional crisis
1042:The first president of the court was
322:) to hear any cases raised about the
223:President of the Constitutional Court
3472:
3460:
1728:Alternative dispute resolution (ADR)
1562:
1404:
1112:in public universities violated the
1067:
1335:"Turkey's New Constitutional Court"
13:
1565:"La Cour constitutionnelle turque"
1556:
453:The Constitutional Court elects a
14:
3543:
1803:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
1605:
1244:Union of Turkish Bar Associations
1160:Decision dated 2008/7/30: In the
169:Legislative/Executive appointment
49:Constitutional Court building in
3483:
3471:
3459:
3448:
3447:
3435:
2839:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
2325:
2135:
2134:
2122:
2092:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
2001:
1988:
1783:
1698:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
1204:This section is an excerpt from
1173:ban the Democratic Society Party
1114:separation of religion and state
1071:
1063:
995:Constitutional history of Turkey
43:
34:
3484:
1242:The opposition parties and the
381:
308:Turkish Grand National Assembly
2187:Constitutional Court of Turkey
1808:Constitutional Court of Turkey
1563:Arik, K. Fikret (1962-07-02).
1496:
1448:
1386:
1365:
1326:
1033:Ceza Muhakemeleri Usûlü Kanunu
461:
292:Constitutional Court of Turkey
1:
3522:1961 establishments in Turkey
1599:doi.org/10.5771/9783845288628
1319:
1248:Justice and Development Party
1166:Justice and Development Party
1025:Justice and Development Party
355:Presidential executive orders
3330:Intangible cultural heritage
2676:Southeastern Anatolia Region
2508:Proclamation of the republic
1304:Rule According to Higher Law
7:
2601:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
1751:Military Court of Cassation
1262:
1175:(DTP) for its links to the
1164:, the court ruled that the
947:Council of Higher Education
846:Council of Higher Education
614:Council of Higher Education
344:
302:, sometimes abbreviated as
10:
3548:
2432:Conquest of Constantinople
1203:
1199:2023 constitutional crisis
992:
988:
3431:
3164:
3080:
2973:
2939:The constitutional system
2899:
2854:
2799:
2790:
2684:
2632:
2623:
2576:
2543:
2493:
2471:Second Constitutional Era
2456:Decline and modernization
2412:
2373:
2347:
2338:
2193:
2116:
2100:
2069:
2043:
2010:
1999:
1983:
1879:
1843:
1793:
1780:
1736:
1670:
1663:
1333:Devereux, Robert (1963).
1269:Judicial system of Turkey
1252:Republican People's Party
1187:, president of the Court.
389:The President appoints:
280:
272:
258:
253:
245:
237:
227:
222:
199:
191:
183:
173:
165:
157:
118:
103:
95:
61:
57:
42:
33:
26:
21:
2922:Ministry of the Interior
2907:Administrative divisions
2466:First Constitutional Era
1284:Constitutional economics
434:) among its own members,
409:Higher Education Council
402:Turkish Council of State
310:" (Article 148/1 of the
187:12 years or until age 65
3512:Constitutions of Turkey
2869:Parliamentary elections
2671:Eastern Anatolia Region
2666:Central Anatolia Region
2348:Ancient and Middle Ages
1587:10.3406/ridc.1962.13364
1339:SAIS Review (1956-1989)
1177:Kurdistan Workers Party
441:among attorneys-at-law.
3040:Science and technology
2874:Presidential elections
2355:Prehistory of Anatolia
2233:Ahmet Hamdi Boyacıoğlu
1820:Main Opposition Leader
431:
404:among its own members,
397:among its own members,
319:
178:Constitution of Turkey
3527:Constitutional courts
3035:Free trade agreements
2917:Intelligence Services
2714:North Anatolian Fault
1768:Independence Tribunal
1764:State Security Courts
1718:Administrative courts
1657:Judiciaries of Turkey
1393:Esas No : 1962/2
1214:constitutional crisis
1212:On 8 November 2023 a
3419:World heritage sites
2944:Turkish Armed Forces
2829:Constitutional Court
2743:Flora and vegetation
2721:Environmental issues
2709:East Anatolian Fault
2656:Mediterranean Region
2077:Constitutional Court
2056:Constitutional Court
1871:Constitutional Court
1683:Constitutional Court
1058:constitution of 1982
1001:constitution of 1961
981:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
952:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
923:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
887:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
851:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
829:Yusuf Şevki Hakyemez
819:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
751:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
715:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
587:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
523:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
312:Turkish Constitution
22:Constitutional Court
2988:Banking and Finance
2606:History of Anatolia
2503:War of Independence
2495:Republic of Türkiye
2392:Battle of Manzikert
1856:Charter of Alliance
533:Hasan Tahsin Gökcan
284:4 years (renewable)
267:Hasan Tahsin Gökcan
249:4 years (renewable)
192:Number of positions
138: /
76: /
3045:Telecommunications
2834:Court of Cassation
2535:Multi-party period
2444:Ottoman Old Regime
2365:Byzantine Anatolia
2360:Classical Anatolia
2263:Ahmet Necdet Sezer
2258:Yekta Güngör Özden
2082:Court of Cassation
1912:Sexual orientation
1887:Capital punishment
1688:Court of Cassation
1442:2009-12-14 at the
1420:2013-08-20 at the
1413:, 19 August 2013,
1398:2007-09-27 at the
1226:Turkish Parliament
1222:Court of Cassation
1083:. You can help by
976:Court of Cassation
861:Yıldız Seferinoğlu
582:Court of Cassation
550:Court of Cassation
487:Selected by quota
395:Court of Cassation
281:Lead position ends
246:Lead position ends
166:Composition method
142:39.845°N 32.7895°E
80:39.845°N 32.7895°E
3499:
3498:
3427:
3426:
2969:
2968:
2912:Foreign relations
2886:Political parties
2786:
2785:
2619:
2618:
2611:History of Thrace
2513:Atatürk's reforms
2404:Anatolian beyliks
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2290:
2253:Necdet Darıcıoğlu
2184:Presidents of the
2150:
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2129:Turkey portal
2108:Court of Accounts
2101:Court of Accounts
1940:
1939:
1835:Court of accounts
1825:Political parties
1778:
1777:
1723:Court of Accounts
1279:Constitutionalism
1125:Demokrasi Partisi
1101:
1100:
986:
985:
897:Selahaddin Menteş
778:Court of Auditors
646:Court of Auditors
416:Rapporteur Judges
330:, members of the
300:Anayasa Mahkemesi
288:
287:
184:Judge term length
28:Anayasa Mahkemesi
3539:
3517:Courts in Turkey
3487:
3486:
3475:
3474:
3463:
3462:
3451:
3450:
3439:
3244:
3243:
3129:Cities and towns
3110:Turkish language
3065:Turkish Airlines
2881:Electoral system
2844:Council of State
2797:
2796:
2731:Waste management
2661:Black Sea Region
2639:
2630:
2629:
2584:Turkic migration
2530:One-party period
2399:Sultanate of Rum
2345:
2344:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2311:
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2295:
2294:
2177:
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2154:
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2127:
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2087:Council of State
2005:
1992:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1861:Edict of Gülhane
1830:Council of State
1788:
1787:
1786:
1760:Civilian justice
1744:Military justice
1693:Council of State
1668:
1667:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1627:
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1617:
1616:
1614:Official website
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1380:www.byegm.gov.tr
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1362:
1330:
1309:Rapporteur Judge
1238:the constitution
1192:ban on Knowledge
1096:
1093:
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1013:Democratic Party
909:
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841:
805:
773:
738:14 February 2034
737:
710:Council of State
705:
678:President of Bar
673:
641:
609:
577:
545:
518:Council of State
514:18 December 2026
513:
508:18 December 2014
469:
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439:bar associations
218:
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3495:
3423:
3242:
3238:Women in Turkey
3206:Law enforcement
3160:
3156:Life expectancy
3122:Islam in Turkey
3076:
2965:
2927:National Police
2895:
2850:
2782:
2773:Turkish Riviera
2680:
2637:
2636:
2615:
2572:
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2518:Language reform
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2292:
2287:
2228:Şevket Müftügil
2218:Muhittin Taylan
2213:Hakkı Ketenoğlu
2189:
2181:
2151:
2146:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2096:
2065:
2039:
2006:
1997:
1979:
1974:Constitution of
1971:
1941:
1936:
1875:
1839:
1795:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1774:
1748:Military courts
1732:
1712:Criminal courts
1705:Judicial courts
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1654:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1559:
1557:Further reading
1554:
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1544:
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1531:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1488:
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1474:
1467:
1460:Verfassungsblog
1453:
1449:
1444:Wayback Machine
1434:
1427:
1422:Wayback Machine
1409:
1405:
1400:Wayback Machine
1391:
1387:
1382:. pp. 5–6.
1375:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1331:
1327:
1322:
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1260:
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1209:
1201:
1151:Fazilet Partisi
1121:Democracy Party
1097:
1091:
1088:
1081:needs expansion
1066:
1005:judicial review
997:
991:
972:23 January 2033
969:23 January 2021
907:
874:25 January 2031
871:
868:25 January 2019
839:
803:
771:
735:
703:
700:30 January 2024
674:31 January 2034
671:
668:31 January 2022
639:
610:9 February 2031
607:
575:
543:
511:
481:Date appointed
464:
384:
347:
203:
147:39.845; 32.7895
146:
144:
140:
137:
132:
129:
127:
125:
124:
85:39.845; 32.7895
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63:
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53:
17:
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5:
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3355:Radio stations
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3090:Turkish people
3086:
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3062:
3055:Transportation
3052:
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2763:National parks
2760:
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2728:
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2697:Climate change
2688:
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2682:
2681:
2679:
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2673:
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2646:Marmara Region
2642:
2640:
2638:(west to east)
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2551:Constitutional
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2441:
2439:Transformation
2436:
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2418:
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2414:Ottoman Empire
2410:
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2165:
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2110:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
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2079:
2073:
2071:
2070:Supreme Courts
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1998:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1917:Child marriage
1914:
1909:
1907:Kurdish rights
1904:
1899:
1894:
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1883:
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1877:
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1863:
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1678:Supreme courts
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1660:
1653:
1652:
1645:
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1607:
1606:External links
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:NOMOS (2022).
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1017:Adnan Menderes
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842:25 August 2028
837:
836:25 August 2016
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806:25 August 2028
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800:25 August 2016
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642:6 October 2034
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597:Engin Yıldırım
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570:
569:Vice President
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537:Vice President
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328:Vice President
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2754:
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2727:
2726:Air pollution
2724:
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2651:Aegean Region
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2635:
2631:
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2596:Turkification
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2427:Classical Age
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2387:Seljuk Empire
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2268:Mustafa Bumin
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2259:
2256:
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2251:
2249:
2248:Mahmut Cuhruk
2246:
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2229:
2226:
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2209:
2208:İbrahim Senil
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2199:
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2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
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2004:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1954:
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1948:
1945:
1933:
1932:Knowledge ban
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1866:Edict of 1856
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1737:Former courts
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1664:Court systems
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1573:(in French).
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1411:Today's Zaman
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3261:Architecture
3189:Human rights
3177:Universities
3095:Ethnic Kurds
3082:Demographics
2993:Construction
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2283:Zühtü Arslan
2238:Semih Özmert
2203:Lütfi Akadlı
2198:Sünuhi Arsan
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2051:Legal system
1922:Women rights
1902:Human rights
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1851:Constitution
1813:Zühtü Arslan
1807:
1796:and agencies
1794:Institutions
1709:Civil courts
1682:
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1543:. Retrieved
1539:Gazete Duvar
1537:
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1512:. 2023-11-08
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1480:
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761:Rıdvan Güleç
732:18 July 2024
693:Yılmaz Akçil
619:Abdullah Gül
604:9 April 2010
578:2 April 2032
572:2 April 2020
555:Abdullah Gül
499:Kadir Özkaya
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382:Organization
375:a posteriori
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232:Kadir Özkaya
107:Ahlatlıbel,
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3478:WikiProject
3409:Video games
3201:Individuals
3194:LGBT rights
3184:Health care
3151:Immigration
2932:Gendarmerie
2891:Referendums
2807:Legislative
2704:Earthquakes
2589:Oghuz Turks
2478:Dissolution
2278:Haşim Kılıç
2273:Tülay Tuğcu
2044:Legislation
1927:Article 301
1671:Main courts
1581:: 401–412.
1294:Rule of law
1185:Haşim Kılıç
1110:headscarves
1106:Kenan Evren
1092:August 2023
962:İrfan Fidan
910:5 July 2031
904:5 July 2019
793:Recai Akyel
661:Kenan Yaşar
565:Basri Bağcı
462:Composition
263:Basri Bağcı
145: /
120:Coordinates
96:Established
83: /
3506:Categories
3350:Newspapers
3335:Literature
3315:Folk dance
3216:Corruption
3100:Minorities
3028:Renewables
2983:Automotive
2792:Government
2523:Secularism
2243:Orhan Onar
2223:Kani Vrana
2060:Presidents
1897:Secularism
1892:Censorship
1545:2023-11-08
1516:2023-11-08
1489:2023-11-08
1320:References
1256:Özgür Özel
1230:Can Atalay
1140:secularism
993:See also:
933:Ömer Çınar
908:2031-07-05
872:2031-01-25
840:2028-08-25
804:2033-03-29
772:2026-08-18
704:2024-10-13
672:2022-10-13
640:2022-10-06
608:2031-02-09
576:2020-04-03
320:Yüce Divan
133:32°47′22″E
130:39°50′42″N
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68:39°50′42″N
3404:TV series
3362:Miniature
3305:Festivals
3221:Terrorism
3172:Education
3105:Languages
2949:Air Force
2864:Elections
2812:Executive
2758:Mountains
2625:Geography
2544:Overviews
2483:Partition
2449:Tulip era
1509:France 24
1351:0036-0775
1299:Judiciary
914:Executive
878:Executive
810:Executive
742:Executive
736:2024-5-12
544:2026-3-17
512:2024-4-17
504:President
484:Term end
455:president
367:plaintiff
363:defendant
324:President
259:Currently
228:Currently
3454:Category
3392:Football
3377:Painting
3320:Folklore
3228:Marriage
3134:Istanbul
3117:Religion
3070:Railways
3060:Aviation
2998:Currency
2856:Politics
2824:Judicial
2800:Branches
2778:Wildlife
2568:Military
2556:Economic
2461:Tanzimat
2141:Category
1440:Archived
1418:Archived
1396:Archived
1359:45348898
1263:See also
1157:amnesty.
432:Sayıştay
371:a priori
351:statutes
345:Overview
207:.anayasa
104:Location
3490:Outline
3466:Commons
3399:Theater
3382:Pottery
3298:Ottoman
3293:Cuisine
3271:Ottoman
3248:Culture
3233:Poverty
3165:Society
3050:Tourism
3003:Defense
2975:Economy
2817:Cabinet
2748:Geology
2692:Climate
2634:Regions
2561:Ottoman
2379:Beyliks
2375:Seljuks
2340:History
2012:History
1844:Sources
1482:Reuters
989:History
428:Turkish
332:Cabinet
316:Turkish
296:Turkish
200:Website
109:Çankaya
3442:Portal
3387:Sports
3288:Cinema
3283:Carpet
3266:Seljuk
3256:Anthem
3139:Ankara
3008:Energy
2900:Topics
2768:Rivers
2685:Topics
2577:Topics
2332:Turkey
1977:Turkey
1880:Topics
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