332:
when insertion occurs four to six weeks after childbirth (because some patients do not return for their six-week checkup). However, there may be little or no difference between immediate and delayed insertion in terms of continued use of implants at six months or in terms of women's satisfaction, even though some studies found higher continuation rates at six months if the implant was inserted immediately after childbirth. Progestin containing implants (specifically etonogestrel) are safe for immediate insertion in both postpartum individuals and those post-abortion.
505:(IVD), which consists of two plugs that block sperm flow in the vas deferens. Working on the success of its pilot study and solid results from its clinical trials, the company announced it would expand its trials to three U.S. cities later that year. Questions remained about how reversible the procedure would be in the long-term; however, it was expected to be more reversible than a vasectomy. In 2008, the company disbanded due to the economic crisis but has stated it would restart its research with proper funding.
354:, and the most effective types of reversible birth control. As of 2011, IUDs are the most widely used form of reversible contraception worldwide. Among types of birth control they, along with birth control implants, result in the greatest satisfaction among users. IUDs also tend to be one of the most cost-effective methods of contraception for women. Cons of intrauterine devices, similarly to implants, is the need for a trained healthcare professional for both insertion and removal.
834:
470:-based male contraceptive would begin in Europe and the U.S., anticipating a marketable product as early as 2005. Despite promising results, research development stopped, with outside speculation that lack of marketability was a factor. Organon representative Monique Mols stated in 2007 that "espite 20 years of research, the development of a method acceptable to a wide population of men is unlikely".
315:
29:
195:
323:
lining shedding is a common pattern with
Norplant users; if this occurs it will be seen during the first 60 days of use but it can subside or disappear over time. The Implanon also has these negative side effects causing a considerable amount of vaginal bleeding irregularities, and amenorrhea in about 30–40% of its users during the following 90 days of starting use.
445:. Not only are they able to be used as a form of emergency contraception but a Cochrane review noted that they are the most effective method of emergency contraception as well. When inserted within 7 days of unprotected intercourse, they are able to reduce the risk of pregnancy by 99% and provide the added benefit of ongoing contraception in the patient too.
215:
418:
Although they do have a higher risk of pregnancy compared to hormonal IUDs, failure rates with the copper IUD are still only approximately 0.8%. They also provide protection from anywhere between 2.5 to 10 years depending on the brand and manufacturer. Potential adverse effects of copper IUDs include
372:
which is a progestin. Most commonly, products are inserted for 5 years, allowing them to release a low dose of hormones over that time frame. The mechanism of action of both hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs is similar, plus the additional benefit of progestin causing a thickening of the cervical mucus.
331:
With regard to helping women space their pregnancies appropriately, there is some debate about the most effective time to insert contraceptive implants after pregnancy. It is likely that implant insertion immediately following childbirth increases the number of postpartum implant users compared to
247:
The contraceptive implant is hormone-based and highly effective, approved in more than 60 countries and used by millions of women around the world. The typical implant is a small flexible tube measuring about 40 mm (1.6 in) in length. It is most commonly inserted subdermally in the inner
453:
Several barriers exist to expanding research into implantable and other contraceptive methods for men, including vague regulatory guidelines, long device development timelines, men's attitudes towards convenience, and a significant lack of funding. Several implantable devices have been attempted,
322:
Most commonly reported from the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system LNG-IUG contraceptive; breast tenderness, headaches, swelling, and skin irritation. contraceptive also corresponds with earlier waking, frequent mood swings, impaired concentration, and strain. Irregular vaginal uterus
269:, long-lasting up to three to five years, and the convenience of not needing to remember to use it every day. The implant is also useful for women who cannot use contraception that contains oestrogen. The implant can also be removed at any time and natural fertility will return very quickly.
264:
Some brands of the contraceptive implant, including
Nexplanon, are over 99% effective. The benefits of the contraceptive implant are dependent on the active ingredients. Depending on the type of implant, benefits of the implant may include fewer, lighter periods, improved symptoms of
533:, Missouri, has played a major role in researching and disseminating contraception information, via its Contraception Database. It houses over 30,000 records for hundreds of species. One of the most popular contraceptive methods used by zoos (as well as in domestic animals) is the
198:
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Implantable contraception is also an option for animals, particularly for animal managers at zoos and other captive animal facilities who require reversible contraception methods for managing population growth in limited captive habitat. The
384:. Within 1–3 months of removing the intrauterine device, however, patients should experience a return to their normal menstrual cycle. The most common side effect of levonorgestrel containing IUDs is spotting during the first 3 months.
200:
311:. Although rare, there is also a risk of complications occurring during insertion or removal of the implant. In rare cases, the area of skin where the implant has been inserted can become infected, which can require antibiotics.
248:
portion of the upper, non-dominant arm by a trained and certified health care provider. After insertion, it prevents pregnancy by releasing progestin which inhibits ovulation. The two most common versions are the single-rod
220:
498:), a "synthetic steroid that resembles testosterone." Clinical trials were set to begin in 2011 or 2012, and the project was ongoing as of 2016, with hopes of gaining approval as the first reversible male contraceptive.
478:
had been working on a similar annual implant with quarterly injections but cancelled the research in 2006/2007, declaring that men would most likely view it as "not as convenient as a woman taking a pill once a day."
287:
When the implant is first inserted, it is common to have some bruising, tenderness or swelling around the implant. In some cases, adverse effects do occur, the most common being irregular bleeding or
1068:
Saldanha, Ian J.; Adam, Gaelen P.; Kanaan, Ghid; Zahradnik, Michael L.; Steele, Dale W.; Chen, Kenneth K.; Peahl, Alex F.; Danilack-Fekete, Valery A.; Stuebe, Alison M.; Balk, Ethan M. (2023).
1691:
380:
is highly efficacious and has a failure rate of only 0.2% in the first year of use. An additional benefit of hormonal IUDs is decreased blood loss, which 20-30% of patients will experience
199:
430:
Copper IUDs have the ability to be inserted anywhere from 10 minutes to 48 hours postpartum. The disadvantage of this immediate insertion is the associated higher risk of expulsion or
219:
727:
873:
512:, allowing the owner to stop and resume the flow of sperm on demand. A clinical trial of 25 participants was announced to further test the efficacy of the device.
1192:
Committee on
Adolescent Health Care Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Working Group, The American College of Obstetricians and, Gynecologists (October 2012).
1191:
1806:
569:
have also seen use in several domestic and exotic species. Whatever the implant, some care must be taken to minimize the risk of implant migration or loss.
1885:
178:, or it may work using a non-hormonal, physical blocking mechanism. As with other contraceptives, a contraceptive implant is designed to prevent
1579:
2033:
387:
Use in patients immediately postpartum can be discussed but the greater potential for expulsion and perforation must be carefully considered.
399:, are a hormone-free option of contraception available and work by two main mechanisms of action. They are thought to slow the rate at which
1437:
2194:
2066:
491:
1167:
541:-based hormonal contraceptive developed in the mid-1970s. Other progestin-based implants that have been placed in animals include
1118:
1410:
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1353:
487:
351:
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1939:
508:
In
January 2016, news broke of a non-hormonal, implantable valve—the Bimek SLV. It included a switch that attaches to the
55:
1909:
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1520:
256:. Brands include: Norplant, Jadelle (Norplant II), Implanon, Nexplanon, Sino-implant (II), Zarin, Femplant and Trust.
249:
238:
949:
Ramdhan, Rebecca C; Simonds, Emily; Wilson, Charlotte; Loukas, Marios; Oskouian, Rod J; Tubbs, R. Shane (2018-01-31).
2317:
2043:
1845:
1757:
1254:
764:
522:
2226:
1194:"Committee opinion no. 539: adolescents and long-acting reversible contraception: implants and intrauterine devices"
415:
ions, along with other cells and enzymes, is what affects functioning of the sperm and the prevention of pregnancy.
2028:
1382:
1315:
703:
501:
In 2006, Shepherd
Medical Company received FDA approval for a clinical trial of its non-hormonal implant called an
2286:
1929:
1467:
1011:
Sothornwit, Jen; Kaewrudee, Srinaree; Lumbiganon, Pisake; Pattanittum, Porjai; Averbach, Sarah H. (2022-10-27).
291:. Although irregularity in bleeding can be troublesome for some women, this also allows for use in treatment of
282:
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1871:
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183:
127:
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838:
640:
Sivin I, Campodonico I, Kiriwat O, Holma P, Diaz S, Wan L, Biswas A, Viegas O, et al. (December 1998).
2312:
502:
2018:
525:' (AZA) Reproductive Management Center (formerly known as the AZA Wildlife Contraception Center) at the
2253:
2218:
2166:
1074:
642:"The performance of levonorgestrel rod and Norplant contraceptive implants: a 5 year randomized study"
2131:
2076:
1587:
1550:
816:
1635:
1609:
1348:(4th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 232.
1984:
1165:
1013:"Immediate versus delayed postpartum insertion of contraceptive implant and IUD for contraception"
2146:
494:
began researching a matchstick-sized implant that contains MENT (7α-methyl-19-nortestosterone or
442:
70:
2307:
2156:
2009:
1973:
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307:, moodiness, hormonal imbalance, sore breasts, weight gain, dizziness, pregnancy symptoms, and
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1661:
1343:
1242:
2108:
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1277:
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377:
434:, however, the benefits greatly outweigh any potential risk. They also are safe to use in
8:
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2038:
1950:
1117:
Winner, B; Peipert, JF; Zhao, Q; Buckel, C; Madden, T; Allsworth, JE; Secura, GM (2012).
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431:
341:
1069:
854:. Bedsider.org. National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. February 2016
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An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small contraceptive device, often T-shaped, which is
144:
1924:
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1841:
1753:
1349:
1250:
1215:
1166:
U.N. Department of
Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (December 2013).
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1210:
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526:
396:
1746:"Chapter 34: Contraception as a Management Tool for Controlling Surplus Animals"
1070:"Delivery Strategies for Postpartum Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
897:
Toffol, E.; Heikinheimo, O.; Koponen, P.; Luoto, R.; Partonen, T. (2011-11-01).
658:
641:
1992:
899:"Hormonal contraception and mental health: results of a population-based study"
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147:
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1752:(2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. pp. 469–482.
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967:
1959:
1750:
Wild
Mammals in Captivity: Principles and Techniques for Zoo Management
495:
381:
288:
171:
1717:
1692:"The male contraception that makes you infertile by flicking a switch"
1998:
1969:
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1919:
554:
542:
308:
1616:. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 5 May 2006
558:
546:
463:
155:
1411:"Beyond Condoms: The Long Quest for a Better Male Contraceptive"
2116:
757:
The
Handbook of Contraception: A Guide for Practical Management
420:
412:
357:
Brands include: Paragard, Kyleena, Liletta, Mirena, and Skyla.
175:
167:
837:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under an
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28:
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475:
400:
163:
1807:"AZA Reproductive Management Center - Contraception Methods"
639:
1671:. Contraceptive Technology Innovation Exchange. 21 May 2015
1278:"IUD Birth Control | Info About Mirena & Paragard IUDs"
1067:
948:
350:
into the uterus. They can be hormonal or non-hormonal are
874:"What is the Effectiveness of the Birth Control Implant?"
750:
1748:. In Kleiman, D.G.; Thompson, K.V.; Baer, C.K. (eds.).
1341:
1119:"Effectiveness of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception"
951:"Complications of Subcutaneous Contraception: A Review"
210:
Insertion of a contraceptive implant into a woman's arm
1743:
1345:
The Johns
Hopkins Manual of Gynecology and Obstetrics
1243:"Chapter 27: Modern Concepts in Intrauterine Devices"
728:"Birth Control Pill (for Teens) - Nemours KidsHealth"
441:
An additional benefit of copper IUDs is their use in
228:
Removal of a contraceptive implant from a woman's arm
1610:"New male contraceptive targets sperm, not hormones"
1342:
Hanson, S.J.; Burke, A.E. (2012). Hurt, K.J. (ed.).
1544:
1542:
303:. Less common symptoms include change in appetite,
1240:
1636:"Male contraceptive study expands to 4 US cities"
154:. The implant may depend on the timed release of
16:Implantable medical device used for birth control
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1710:
1539:
1461:
1459:
1168:"Trends in Contraceptive Methods Used Worldwide"
759:(2nd ed.). Humana Press. pp. 139–164.
1831:
1825:
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1840:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 984–989.
1834:"Chapter 215: Estrus Suppression in the Bitch"
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1739:
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1404:
1402:
1249:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 405–416.
583:
581:
1879:
1669:Calliope, The Contraceptive Pipeline Database
1586:. The Population Council, Inc. Archived from
1512:
1456:
1234:
466:announced clinical trials of its implantable
1698:. Independent Digital News and Media Limited
1332:
590:"Contraceptive failure in the United States"
482:In 2005, a collaboratory project led by the
283:Progestogen (medication) § Mood changes
279:Progestogen (medication) § Side effects
1732:
1548:
1494:"Male Contraceptive Implant Gets Trial Run"
1435:
1399:
1017:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
755:. In Shoupe, D.; Mishell Jr., D.R. (eds.).
635:
633:
578:
1920:Preventing sexually-transmitted infections
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1602:
1500:. ABC News Internet Ventures. 11 July 2001
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1247:Clinical Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
318:The Implanon is a 4–5 cm long arm implant.
27:
1893:
1836:. In Bonagura, J.D.; Twedt, D.C. (eds.).
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1521:"Contraceptive implant for men in trials"
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1551:"The Long Wait for Male Birth Control"
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753:"Chapter 9: Implantable Contraception"
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462:In 2001, Dutch pharmaceutical company
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488:University of California, Los Angeles
1925:Over-the-counter oral contraceptives
1838:Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XV
1781:"AZA Reproductive Management Center"
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809:
807:
56:Long-acting reversible contraception
1910:Comparison of birth control methods
1369:
1294:
1245:. In Falcone, T.; Hurd, W. (eds.).
1001:
751:French, V.A.; Darney, P.D. (2015).
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606:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.01.021
390:
13:
2287:Male contraceptives in development
1580:"MENT: Subdermal Implants for Men"
1438:"The Future of Male Birth Control"
1380:
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239:Etonogestrel contraceptive implant
182:, but it does not protect against
14:
2329:
1444:. U.S. News & World Report LP
852:"Birth Control Methods - Implant"
804:
523:Association of Zoos and Aquariums
395:Non-hormonal IUDs, also known as
326:
1744:Asa, C.S.; Porton, I.J. (2010).
1436:Fawcett, K. (26 February 2015).
832:
565:(GnRH) and, to a lesser degree,
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454:both hormonal and non-hormonal.
1930:Oral contraceptive formulations
1527:. Reed Business Information Ltd
1270:
1123:New England Journal of Medicine
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360:
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184:sexually transmitted infections
1383:"Prenatal and Postpartum Care"
1029:10.1002/14651858.CD011913.pub3
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780:
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563:gonadotropin-releasing hormone
1:
1549:Goodman, A. (3 August 2008).
1241:Duke, J.; Barhan, S. (2007).
788:"HOW EFFECTIVE IS NEXPLANON?"
572:
1718:"FAQ - Science and Research"
1690:Atkin, C. (8 January 2016).
1474:. The Atlantic Monthly Group
1442:U.S. News & World Report
1211:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182723b7d
1088:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005293
839:Open Government Licence v3.0
166:development, the ability of
122:Advantages and disadvantages
41:-based contraceptive implant
7:
2237:Fertility awareness methods
1075:Obstetrics & Gynecology
876:. www.plannedparenthood.org
457:
411:of the egg. An increase of
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75:Implanon/Nexplanon, Jadelle
10:
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1519:Jones, N. (11 July 2001).
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80:Failure rates (first year)
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2008:
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1466:Khazan, O. (March 2015).
1282:www.plannedparenthood.org
1198:Obstetrics and Gynecology
659:10.1093/humrep/13.12.3371
557:-based implants that use
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33:Container/applicator for
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2318:Methods of birth control
1832:Concannon, P.W. (2013).
1409:Bai, N. (14 June 2011).
492:Medical Research Council
189:
150:used for the purpose of
2147:Emergency Contraception
817:"Contraceptive implant"
588:Trussell J (May 2011).
443:emergency contraception
352:long-acting, reversible
2067:Multi-month injections
2010:Hormonal contraception
1974:Levonorgestrel implant
1940:Long-acting reversible
1387:login.uml.idm.oclc.org
1320:login.uml.idm.oclc.org
708:login.uml.idm.oclc.org
448:
319:
254:levonorgestrel implant
243:Levonorgestrel implant
229:
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2195:Vaginal pH modulation
2172:Low-dose mifepristone
2072:Progestogen-only pill
1966:Contraceptive implant
1662:"Shug Product Report"
1417:. Nature America, Inc
1136:10.1056/NEJMoa1110855
916:10.1093/humrep/der269
317:
267:premenstrual syndrome
227:
209:
141:contraceptive implant
22:Contraceptive implant
2227:Breastfeeding method
2137:Contraceptive sponge
2021:estrogen–progestogen
1970:Etonogestrel implant
1314:Whelan, Anne Marie.
841:. © Crown copyright.
535:melengestrol acetate
368:contain the hormone
250:etonogestrel implant
170:to act as a natural
2313:Implants (medicine)
2262:Non-penetrative sex
2254:vaginal intercourse
2219:vaginal intercourse
2039:Contraceptive patch
2034:Extended cycle Pill
1951:Intrauterine device
1915:Male contraceptives
1720:. PES Innovation AG
1590:on 30 December 2017
1468:"Block That Sperm!"
1415:Scientific American
968:10.7759/cureus.2132
432:uterine perforation
342:Intrauterine device
336:Intrauterine device
37:, an example of an
2162:Ulipristal acetate
2150:(Post-intercourse)
2044:Monthly injections
903:Human Reproduction
823:. 21 December 2017
646:Human Reproduction
484:Population Council
425:menstrual cramping
378:levonorgestrel IUD
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1813:. Saint Louis Zoo
1787:. Saint Louis Zoo
1355:978-1-60547-433-5
1129:(21): 1998–2007.
909:(11): 3085–3093.
702:Graves, Gillian.
537:(MGA) implant, a
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1173:. United Nations
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1023:(10): CD011913.
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503:intra vas device
391:Non-hormonal IUD
252:and the two-rod
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2122:Internal condom
2117:External condom
2109:Barrier Methods
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1316:"Contraception"
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771:
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712:
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704:"Contraception"
700:
675:
638:
631:
586:
579:
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527:Saint Louis Zoo
518:
460:
451:
405:fallopian tubes
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237:Main articles:
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106:Duration effect
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2164:
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2031:
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2023:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1993:Tubal ligation
1989:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1963:
1957:
1947:
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1936:
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1927:
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1903:Related topics
1900:
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1824:
1798:
1772:
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1642:. October 2006
1627:
1601:
1584:PopCouncil.org
1568:
1538:
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1498:abcnews.go.com
1485:
1455:
1428:
1398:
1368:
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1331:
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1184:
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1082:(3): 529–542.
1060:
1000:
938:
886:
865:
843:
803:
779:
765:
743:
732:kidshealth.org
719:
673:
652:(12): 3371–8.
629:
600:(5): 397–404.
576:
574:
571:
561:(stimulating)
517:
514:
459:
456:
450:
447:
423:and increased
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370:levonorgestrel
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340:Main article:
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327:Postpartum use
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2016:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
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1988:
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1985:Sterilization
1982:
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1971:
1967:
1964:
1961:
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1948:
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1943:
1942:contraception
1937:
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1923:
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1901:
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1895:Birth control
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1847:9780323227629
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792:nexplanon.com
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410:
409:fertilization
407:or decreases
406:
402:
398:
388:
385:
383:
379:
374:
371:
367:
366:Hormonal IUDs
358:
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301:endometriosis
298:
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133:No protection
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45:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
2280:Experimental
2127:Cervical cap
2095:Ormeloxifene
2077:Vaginal ring
2049:Vaginal ring
1965:
1955:Hormonal IUD
1851:. Retrieved
1837:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1810:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1784:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1749:
1722:. Retrieved
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1695:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1668:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1583:
1559:. Retrieved
1554:
1529:. Retrieved
1524:
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1497:
1488:
1476:. Retrieved
1472:The Atlantic
1471:
1446:. Retrieved
1441:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1414:
1390:. Retrieved
1386:
1359:. Retrieved
1344:
1323:. Retrieved
1319:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:
1272:
1260:. Retrieved
1246:
1236:
1204:(4): 983–8.
1201:
1197:
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
1161:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1079:
1073:
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1020:
1016:
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958:
954:
906:
902:
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868:
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846:
825:. Retrieved
820:
795:. Retrieved
791:
782:
770:. Retrieved
756:
746:
735:. Retrieved
731:
722:
711:. Retrieved
707:
649:
645:
597:
593:
519:
510:vas deferens
507:
500:
481:
468:etonogestrel
461:
452:
440:
429:
417:
403:reaches the
394:
386:
375:
364:
361:Hormonal IUD
356:
345:
330:
321:
293:dysmenorrhea
286:
273:Side effects
263:
246:
140:
138:
39:etonogestrel
34:
2200:Nonoxynol-9
2187:Spermicides
1614:EurekAlert!
1557:. Time, Inc
397:copper IUDs
297:menorrhagia
174:within the
145:implantable
93:Typical use
85:Perfect use
71:Trade names
2302:Categories
2267:Abstinence
2242:Withdrawal
2209:Behavioral
2157:Copper IUD
1960:Copper IUD
1811:STLZoo.org
1785:STLZoo.org
1392:2021-12-01
1325:2021-11-25
1287:2021-12-03
880:2021-12-03
827:2023-08-24
797:2023-08-24
737:2022-09-21
713:2021-11-21
573:References
496:trestolone
490:, and the
382:amenorrhea
305:depression
289:amenorrhea
277:See also:
172:spermicide
158:to hinder
130:protection
47:Background
2216:Including
2132:Diaphragm
2029:Oral pill
1999:Vasectomy
1096:0029-7844
1037:1469-493X
977:2168-8184
925:0268-1161
539:progestin
531:St. Louis
436:lactation
348:implanted
180:pregnancy
160:ovulation
109:3–5 years
62:First use
35:Nexplanon
2251:Avoiding
2019:Combined
1995:(female)
1853:17 March
1817:17 March
1791:17 March
1765:17 March
1724:17 March
1702:17 March
1675:17 March
1646:17 March
1620:17 March
1594:17 March
1561:17 March
1531:17 March
1504:17 March
1478:17 March
1448:17 March
1421:17 March
1361:17 March
1262:12 March
1228:35516759
1220:22996129
1177:17 March
1153:16812353
1145:22621627
1104:37535967
1055:36302159
995:29610715
933:21840911
858:17 March
772:17 March
624:21477680
555:Androgen
551:Implanon
543:Norplant
472:Schering
458:Research
419:heavier
309:lethargy
260:Benefits
156:hormones
1897:methods
1046:9612833
986:5878093
668:9886517
615:3638209
559:agonist
547:Jadelle
464:Organon
233:Implant
2001:(male)
1944:(LARC)
1844:
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1352:
1253:
1226:
1218:
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1143:
1102:
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1053:
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955:Cureus
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821:nhs.uk
763:
666:
622:
612:
549:, and
486:, the
421:menses
413:copper
299:, and
281:, and
176:uterus
168:copper
143:is an
2087:SERMs
1665:(PDF)
1224:S2CID
1171:(PDF)
1149:S2CID
476:Bayer
401:sperm
190:Women
164:sperm
101:Usage
96:0.05%
88:0.05%
1855:2016
1842:ISBN
1819:2016
1793:2016
1767:2016
1754:ISBN
1726:2016
1704:2016
1677:2016
1648:2016
1622:2016
1596:2016
1563:2016
1555:Time
1533:2016
1506:2016
1480:2016
1450:2016
1423:2016
1363:2016
1350:ISBN
1264:2016
1251:ISBN
1216:PMID
1179:2016
1141:PMID
1100:PMID
1092:ISSN
1051:PMID
1033:ISSN
1021:2022
991:PMID
973:ISSN
929:PMID
921:ISSN
860:2016
774:2016
761:ISBN
664:PMID
620:PMID
567:IUDs
376:The
241:and
117:None
52:Type
1206:doi
1202:120
1131:doi
1127:366
1084:doi
1080:142
1041:PMC
1025:doi
981:PMC
963:doi
911:doi
654:doi
610:PMC
602:doi
529:in
449:Men
162:or
128:STI
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
