Coronation of the British monarch

2435: 1098: 2053: 2736: 2028:, saying "I, N., Archbishop of N., will be faithful and true, and faith and truth will bear unto you, our Sovereign Lord , King of this Realm and Defender of the Faith, and unto your heirs and successors according to law. So help me God." In the past peers then proceeded to pay their homage, saying "I, N., Duke of N., do become your liege man of life and limb, and of earthly worship; and faith and truth will I bear unto you, to live and die, against all manner of folks. So help me God." The clergy pay homage together, led by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Next, members of the royal family pay homage individually. The peers were then led by the premier peers of their rank: the dukes by the premier duke, the marquesses by the premier marquess, and so forth. In the shortened 7744: 2791:. Like their robes, their coronets are differentiated according to rank: the coronet of a duke or duchess is ornamented with eight strawberry leaves, that of a marquess or marchioness has four strawberry leaves alternating with four raised silver balls, that of an earl or countess eight strawberry leaves alternating with eight raised silver balls, that of a viscount or viscountess has sixteen smaller silver balls and that of a baron or baroness six silver balls. Peeresses' coronets are identical to those of peers, but smaller. In addition, peeresses were told in 1953 that "a tiara should be worn, if possible". The use of coronets was abolished for the 2023 coronation. 669: 821:

the highlights of the coronation, including the actual crowning, live; it led to controversy in the press and even questions in parliament. The organising committee subsequently decided that the entire ceremony would be televised, except for the anointing and communion, which had also been excluded from photography at the last coronation. It was revealed 30 years later that the about-face was due to the personal intervention of the Queen. It is estimated that over 20 million people watched the broadcast in the United Kingdom. The coronation contributed to the increase of public interest in television, which rose significantly.

2633:, which they wore during the service. A male heir-apparent's coronet displays four crosses-pattée alternating with four fleurs-de-lis, surmounted by an arch. The same style, without the arch, is used by other children and siblings of the monarch. The coronets of children of the heir-apparent display four fleurs-de-lis, two crosses-pattée and two strawberry leaves. A fourth style, including four crosses-pattée and four strawberry leaves, is used for the children of the sons and brothers of sovereigns. The tradition of coronets was abolished for the 2023 coronation, and members of the royal family dressed in robes of one of their 185: 869: 366: 559: 2003: 1539: 2120: 1200: 749: 2890: 263: 33: 884:. Elizabeth II was asked, for example: "Will you solemnly promise and swear to govern the Peoples of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon, and of your Possessions and other Territories to any of them belonging or pertaining, according to their respective laws and customs?" In 2023, the oath was amended to avoid reciting the realms other than the United Kingdom during the 1369:. Reforms in the 19th century, however, integrated the Cinque Ports into a regular constituency system applied throughout the nation. At later coronations, barons were specially designated from among the city councillors for the specific purpose of attending coronations. Originally, the barons were charged with bearing a ceremonial canopy over the sovereign during the procession to and from Westminster Abbey. The last time the barons performed such a task was at the 2369: 897: 9776: 2646: 1926: 633:. For this coronation, a number of economising measures were made which would set a precedent followed by future monarchs. The assembly of peers and ceremonial at Westminster Hall involving the presentation of the regalia to the monarch was eliminated. The procession from Westminster Hall to the Abbey on foot was likewise eliminated and in its place, a state procession by coach from 2823:) uniform, or one of the forms of court dress laid down in the Lord Chamberlain's Regulations for Dress at Court. These regulations, as well as providing guidance for members of the public, specify forms of dress for a wide variety of office-holders and public officials, clergy, the judiciary, members of the Royal Household, etc. It also includes provision for 1901:, a hollow gold sphere decorated with precious and semi-precious stones. The Orb is surmounted by a cross, representing the dominion of the divine over the world; it is returned to the altar immediately after being received. Next, the sovereign receives a ring representing their "marriage" to their territories, their subjects, and the divine. The 2039:, she is anointed, invested, crowned and enthroned in a simple ceremony immediately after homage is paid. The Communion service interrupted earlier is resumed and completed, but with special prayers: there are prayers for the monarch and consort at the Offertory and a special preface. Finally, the monarch and consort receive Communion, the 2138: 1990:: "Be strong and of a good courage; keep the commandments of the Lord thy God, and walk in his ways". During the singing of this antiphon, all stand in their places, and the monarch remains seated in the Coronation Chair still wearing the crown and holding the sceptres. The recitation of this antiphon is followed by a rite of 2474:– the second robe with which the sovereign is invested. It is a long coat of gold silk which reaches to the ankles and has wide-flowing sleeves. It is lined with rose-coloured silk, trimmed with gold lace, woven with national symbols and fastened by a sword belt. It derives from the full dress uniform of a consul of the 2139: 2768:

yards, for viscountesses one and a quarter yards, and for baronesses and ladies 90 cm (1 yd). The edgings are 13 cm (5 in) in width for duchesses, 10 cm (4 in) for marchionesses, 7.5 cm (3 in) for countesses and 5 cm (2 in) for viscountesses, baronesses and ladies.

2925:) would ride into the hall on horseback, wearing a knight's armour, with the Lord High Constable riding to his right and the Earl Marshal riding to his left. A herald would then make a proclamation of the readiness of the champion to fight anyone denying the monarch. After 1800, the form for this was as follows: 2657:(worn on occasion by peers who are members of the House of Lords); all peers summoned to attend wear the Robe of State, regardless of membership of the House of Lords, and peeresses' robes are worn not only by women who are peers in their own right, but also by wives and widows of peers. Those entitled to a 1661:

England, and the doctrine, worship, discipline, and government thereof, as by law established in England? And will you preserve unto the Bishops and Clergy of England, and to the Churches there committed to their charge, all such rights and privileges, as by law do or shall appertain to them or any of them?

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The Archbishop of Canterbury, who has precedence over all other clergy and all laypersons except members of the royal family, traditionally officiates at coronations; in his absence, another bishop appointed by the monarch may take the archbishop's place. There have, however, been several exceptions.

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The general framework of the coronation service is based on the sections contained in the Second Recension used in 973 for King Edgar. Although the service has undergone two major revisions and a translation, and has been modified for each coronation for the following thousand years, the sequence of

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If any person, of what degree soever, high or low, shall deny or gainsay our Sovereign Lord ..., King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, son and next heir unto our Sovereign Lord the last King deceased, to be the right heir to the Imperial Crown of this Realm

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from the high altar, sets it back down, and says a prayer: "Oh God, the crown of the faithful; bless we beseech thee and sanctify this thy servant our king/queen, and as thou dost this day set a crown of pure gold upon his/her head, so enrich his/her royal heart with thine abundant grace, and crown

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indicating the rank of the wearer, as for peers). Furthermore, the length of the train (and the width of the miniver edging) varies with the rank of the wearer: for duchesses, the trains are 1.8 m (2 yds) long, for marchionesses one and three-quarters yards, for countesses one and a half

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picks up the crown and he, the archbishop and several other high-ranking bishops proceed to the Coronation Chair where the crown is handed back to the archbishop, who reverently places it on the monarch's head. At this moment, the king or queen is crowned, and the guests in the abbey cry in unison

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in 1953, most of the proceedings inside the abbey were also televised by the BBC. Originally, events as far as the choir screen were to be televised live, with the remainder to be filmed and released later after any mishaps were edited out. This would prevent television viewers from seeing most of

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The King's Champion would then throw down the gauntlet; the ceremony would be repeated at the centre of the hall and at the High Table (where the sovereign would be seated). The sovereign would then drink to the champion from a gold cup, which he would then present to the latter. This ritual was

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Under the Hanoverian monarchs in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it was deemed appropriate to extend the waiting period to several months, following a period of mourning for the previous monarch and to allow time for preparation of the ceremony. In the case of every monarch between

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Will you to the utmost of your power maintain the Laws of God and the true profession of the Gospel? Will you to the utmost of your power maintain in the United Kingdom the Protestant Reformed Religion established by law? Will you maintain and preserve inviolable the settlement of the Church of

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In the 20th century, liturgical scholars sought to restore the spiritual meaning of the ceremony by rearranging elements with reference to the medieval texts, creating a "complex marriage of innovation and tradition". The greatly increased pageantry of the state processions was intended to

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has required, among other things, that the sovereign "Promise and Sweare to Governe the People of this Kingdome of England and the Dominions thereto belonging according to the Statutes in Parlyament Agreed on and the Laws and Customs of the same". The oath has been modified without statutory

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The coronation usually takes place several months after the death of the monarch's predecessor, as it is considered a joyous occasion that would be inappropriate while mourning continues. This interval also gives planners enough time to complete the required elaborate arrangements. The

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of Great Britain and Ireland, or that he ought not to enjoy the same; here is his Champion, who saith that he lieth, and is a false traitor, being ready in person to combat with him; and in this quarrel will adventure his life against him, on what day soever he shall be appointed.

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Custom has it that they accompany the monarch throughout the ceremony, flanking them as they process from the entrance of Westminster Abbey and standing either side of St Edward’s Chair during the anointing. Bishops Assistant may also carry the Bible, paten, and chalice in the

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books of engravings, the last of these was published in 1905 depicting the coronation which had taken place three years earlier. Re-enactments of the ceremony were staged at London and provincial theatres; in 1761, a production featuring the Westminster Abbey choir at the

2468:("shroud tunic") – the first robe with which the sovereign is invested. It is a loose white undergarment of fine linen cloth edged with a lace border, open at the sides, sleeveless and cut low at the neck. It symbolises the derivation of royal authority from the people. 2521:– the robe worn at the conclusion of the ceremony, on exit from the abbey. It comprises an embroidered ermine cape with a train of purple silk velvet, trimmed with Canadian ermine and fully lined with pure silk English satin. The purple recalls the imperial robes of 2488:– the main robe worn during the ceremony and used during the crowning. It is a four-square mantle, lined in crimson silk and decorated with silver coronets, national symbols and silver imperial eagles in the four corners. It is lay, rather than liturgical, in nature. 1040:

also went uncrowned, as he abdicated in 1936 before the end of the customary one-year period between accession and coronation. A monarch, however, accedes to the throne the moment their predecessor dies, not when they are crowned, hence the traditional proclamation:

1976:: "God crown you with a crown of glory and righteousness, that having a right faith and manifold fruit of good works, you may obtain the crown of an everlasting kingdom by the gift of him whose kingdom endureth for ever." To this the guests, with heads bowed, say " 136:

The essential elements of the coronation have remained largely unchanged for the past 1,000 years. The sovereign is first presented to, and acclaimed by, the people. The sovereign then swears an oath to uphold the law and the Church. Following that, the monarch is

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Officers in the Armed Forces and the Civil, Foreign, and Colonial Services who did not take part in the Procession wore uniform, and male civilians: "one of the forms of court dress as laid down in the Lord Chamberlain's Regulations for Dress at Court, or

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of dependent nations. Hereditary peers and their spouses are also invited. For Elizabeth II's coronation in 1953, 8,000 guests were squeezed into Westminster Abbey and each person had to make do with a maximum of 18 inches (46 cm) of seating.

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in 2023. If the king married, or remarried, after his coronation, or if his wife was not crowned with him for some other reason, she might be crowned in a separate ceremony. The first such separate coronation of a queen consort in England was that of

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Several participants in the ceremony wear special costumes, uniforms or robes. For those in attendance (other than members of the royal family) what to wear is laid down in detail by the Earl Marshal prior to each Coronation and published in the

2136: 2689:(also of miniver pure) attached. On the cape, rows of "ermine tails (or the like)" indicate the peer's rank: dukes have four rows, marquesses three and a half, earls three, viscounts two and a half, and barons and lords of parliament two. 3760:"The Form and Order of Service that is to be performed and the Ceremonies that are to be observed in The Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in the Abbey Church of St. Peter, Westminster, on Tuesday, the second day of June, 1953" 732:

who wrote: "So glorious was the show with gold and silver that we were not able to look at it". James II abandoned the tradition of the pageant to pay for jewels for his queen and thereafter there was only a short procession on foot from

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was only a few months old when he acceded in 1422; he was crowned in 1429, but did not officially assume the reins of government until he was deemed of sufficient age, in 1437. Pre-modern coronations were usually either on a Sunday, the

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Dignitaries and representatives from other nations are also customarily invited. Traditionally, foreign crowned monarchs and consorts did not attend the coronations of others and were instead represented by other royals. In 1953,

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The sovereign then exits the coronation theatre, entering St Edward's Chapel (within the abbey), preceded by the bearers of the Sword of State, the Sword of Spiritual Justice, the Sword of Temporal Justice and the blunt

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to be the first to acclaim the monarch on behalf of the common people was formally disallowed by the court, but in practice their traditional shouts of "Vivat! Vivat Rex!" were still incorporated into the coronation anthem

1881:. The Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by other bishops, then presents the Sword of State to the sovereign, who places it on the altar. The sovereign is then further robed, this time receiving bracelets and putting the 4543: 5799: 5719:

Peers have two types of robes, the "Parliamentary Robe" and the "Coronation Robe". The Coronation Robe is worn only during a coronation while the Parliamentary Robe is worn on other formal occasions such as the

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of 1329 granted the kings of Scotland the right to be anointed and crowned. No record exists of the exact form of the medieval rituals, but a later account exists of the coronation of the 17-month-old infant

3072:. These have only a ceremonial role, but are authorised by the statutes of their orders to wear the same crown as Garter at a coronation. The crown of a King of Arms is silver-gilt and consists of sixteen 2958:

in 1821. His coronation was the most elaborate in history; his brother and successor William IV eliminated the banquet on grounds of economy, ending a 632-year-old tradition. Since 1901, a Coronation

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Ladies attending in 1953 were instructed to wear "evening dresses or afternoon dresses, with a light veiling falling from the back of the head". Coats and hats were not permitted but tiaras could be worn.

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attended in person. Since it was deemed inappropriate for a Christian anointing and coronation to take place in a largely non-Christian nation, George V was not crowned in India; instead, he wore an

652:, was marred by mistakes and accidents. The music in the abbey was widely criticised in the press, only one new piece having been written for it, and the large choir and orchestra were badly coordinated. 5861: 2739:

An earl, wearing crimson robe and surcoat over court dress and holding his coronet, and countess, wearing crimson robe and kirtle over a court dress and wearing her coronet (1780). From a portrait of

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Once the taking of the oath concludes, an ecclesiastic presents a Bible to the sovereign, saying "Here is Wisdom; This is the royal Law; These are the lively Oracles of God." The Bible used is a full

472:, followed by the anointing and crowning, then the coronation oath, in this case taken for the child by an unknown noble or priest, and finally an oath of fealty and acclamation by the congregation. 3060:

Kings of Arms have heraldic jurisdiction over England, Wales and Northern Ireland; Lord Lyon King of Arms is responsible for Scotland. In addition, there is a King of Arms attached to each of the

2719:(or one of the alternative styles of Court Dress, as laid down in the Lord Chamberlain's regulations). Other peers in attendance were "expected to wear the same if possible"; but the wearing of 3048:. Like the peers' coronets, these crowns are only put on at the actual moment of the monarch's crowning, after which they are worn for the rest of the service and its subsequent festivities. 2327:. Ralph Vaughan Williams suggested that a congregational hymn be included. This was approved by the Queen and the Archbishop of Canterbury, so Vaughan Williams recast his 1928 arrangement of 1526:

taking an oath, anointing, investing of regalia, crowning and enthronement found in the Anglo-Saxon text have remained constant. The coronation ceremonies takes place within the framework of

1854:, which dates back to the Anglo-Saxon second recension. Once this prayer is finished, the monarch rises and sits again in the Coronation Chair. At this point in 2023 the screen was removed. 1414:

to advise the Queen on the proper procedure during the ceremony (for nearly a thousand years he and his predecessor abbots have kept an unpublished Red Book of practices), the claim of the

5947: 2882:'s illness led to the postponement of a fourteen-course banquet at Buckingham Palace. In 1953, two state banquets were held in the ballroom there, and classical music was provided by the 5311: 4915: 1085:

in 1216; he later chose to have a second coronation at Westminster in 1220. Two hundred years later, Henry VI also had two coronations; as king of England in London in 1429, and as

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had made the dominions fully independent, and the wording of the coronation oath was amended to include their names and confine the elements concerning religion to the United Kingdom.

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both attended the coronations of George VI and Elizabeth II respectively, and each wore the crown, minus its arches, with which she had been crowned for the duration of the service.

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but some have chosen to use other crowns as it weighs 2.23 kg (4.9 lb). For the final part of the service, and the processions that follow, it is exchanged for the lighter

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who was a 10-year-old boy, thought unlikely to command respect simply by his physical appearance. On the day before the coronation, the boy king and his retinue were met outside the

2800: 1170:. In some instances, the king's wife was simply unable to join him in the coronation ceremony due to circumstances preventing her from doing so. In 1821, George IV's estranged wife 3024:, was created for him. The emperor was enthroned, and the Indian princes paid homage to him. Thereafter, certain political decisions, such as the decision to move the capital from 5623: 1555:

Before the entrance of the sovereign, the litany of the saints is sung during the procession of the clergy and other dignitaries. For the entrance of the monarch, an anthem from

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placed in front of it. The archbishop then concludes the ceremonies of the anointing by reciting a prayer that is a modified English translation of the ancient Latin prayer

1811:. This element of the coronation service is considered sacred and is concealed from public gaze; it has never been photographed or televised. The Dean of Westminster pours 1756:

is recited, as a prelude to the act of anointing. After this anthem, the Archbishop recites a prayer in preparation for the anointing, which is based on the ancient prayer

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was deposed and replaced with William III and Mary II jointly, the Archbishop of Canterbury refused to recognise the new sovereigns; he had to be replaced by the

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focussed on the balance between the monarch and his nobles and on the oath, neither of which concerned the absolutist French kings. One manuscript of this recension is the

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or scarf which accompanies the Robe Royal, richly and heavily embroidered with gold and silver thread, set with jewels and lined with rose-coloured silk and gold fringing.

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coronation was some 15 years after his accession in 959 and may have been intended to mark the high point of his reign, or that he reached the age of 30, the age at which

5795: 7631: 6446: 1703: 5036: 4727: 2202:'s coronation in 1727. It has featured in every coronation since, an achievement unparalleled by any other piece. Previous settings of the same text were composed by 1784:. It has been used for every coronation at Westminster Abbey since. Until 1996, the stone was kept with the chair in Westminster Abbey, but it was moved that year to 5455: 4689: 2776: 708:. The following morning, the king travelled on horseback in a great procession through the decorated city streets to Westminster. Bands played along the route, the 2716: 586:

to recover a lost English identity from before the Norman Conquest. In 1685, James II, who was a Catholic, ordered a truncated version of the service omitting the

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The benediction being concluded, the sovereign rises from the Coronation Chair and is borne into a throne. Once the monarch is seated on the throne, the formula

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Sirs, I here present unto you , your undoubted King/Queen. Wherefore all you who are come this day to do your homage and service, are you willing to do the same?

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Queens consort in the 20th century arrived at their coronation bareheaded, and remained so until the point in the service when they were crowned with their own

2434: 5857: 1117:; such coronations were common practice in mediaeval France and Germany, but this is only one of two instances of its kind in England (the other being that of 680:

The idea of the need to gain popular support for a new monarch by making the ceremony a spectacle for ordinary people, started with the coronation in 1377 of

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in 1308 when the fourth recension was first used, having been compiled over several preceding decades. Although influenced by its French counterpart, the new

1129:. If the king is already married at the time of his coronation, a joint coronation of both king and queen may be performed. The first such coronation was of 880:

Thus since 1937, the monarch has been simultaneously crowned as sovereign of several independent nations besides the United Kingdom, known since 1953 as the

8528: 2375:’s long train was borne by the Master of the Robes and eight eldest sons of peers. The king (left) found the enormous weight of the robes very inconvenient. 2345:("All people that on earth do dwell") for congregation, organ and orchestra: the setting has become ubiquitous at festal occasions in the Anglophone world. 625:

at a time of economic depression in 1831 cost only one sixth of that spent on the previous event. Traditionalists threatened to boycott what they called a "

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Will you solemnly promise and swear to govern the Peoples of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the

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in 2023 broke with that precedent and 16 foreign monarchs attended. English and British queens dowager also did not traditionally attend coronations until

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go to the east, south, west and north of the coronation theatre. At each side, the archbishop calls for the recognition of the sovereign, with the words:

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Since the 20th century it has been traditional for the newly crowned monarch and other members of the royal family to sit for official portraits at

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The sovereign wears a variety of robes and other garments during the course of the ceremony. In contrast to the history and tradition which surround the

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began the modern tradition of naming a temporary Steward for the coronation only, with separate commissioners to carry out the actual work of the court.

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was crowned 5 months after his accession. The coronation date of his predecessor had already been set; planning simply continued with a new monarch. The

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of kings are then anointed and crowned as queens. The service ends with a closing procession, and since the 20th century it has been traditional for the

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to Delhi, were announced at the durbar. The ceremony was not repeated, and the imperial title was abandoned by George VI in 1948, 10 months after

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to walk beside the Queen as she entered and exited the Abbey and to stand on either side of her through the entire coronation ritual, the claim of the

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Many landowners and other persons have honorific "duties" or privileges at the coronation. Such rights have traditionally been determined by a special

5085: 4491: 2403:– the regular dress during most of the ceremony, worn under all other robes. In 1953, Elizabeth II wore a newly made gown in place of a surcoat. 2226: 17: 6369: 4220: 251:. It is not known if the first recension was ever used in England, and it was the second recension which was used by Edgar in 973 and by subsequent 6478: 6134: 4922: 3509: 2594:

wear a distinctive form of peer's robe, which has six rows of ermine on the cape and additional ermine on miniver edging to the front of the robe.

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as he entered the Durbar. Tradition prohibited the removal of the Crown Jewels from the United Kingdom; therefore, a separate crown, known as the

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in Scotland, where it is displayed on the proviso that it be returned to Westminster Abbey for use at future coronations. It was announced by the

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arrived at his coronation bareheaded in 2023, rather than with the cap. Female sovereigns (and some female consorts) have traditionally worn the

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In 1953 an additional note made it clear that "Oriental dress may be worn by Ladies and Gentlemen for whom it is the usual Ceremonial Costume".

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him/her with all princely virtues through the King Eternal Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen". This prayer is the translation of the ancient formula

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From the moment they enter the Abbey until the moment they leave, the monarch is flanked by two supporting bishops of the Church of England.

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had been beset by "numerous mistakes and stupidities", the next time around, spectacle overshadowed the religious aspect of the service. The

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to the abbey was instituted, an important feature of the modern event. The coronation banquet after the service proper was also terminated.

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is fitted for the ceremony. Also known as the "Stone of Destiny", it was used for ancient Scottish coronations until brought to England by

4973: 4442: 1097: 5278: 3003:. A similar durbar was held on 1 January 1903 to celebrate the accession of Edward VII, who was represented by his brother the 1399:, over which the Lord High Steward traditionally presided. The first recorded Court of Claims was convened in 1377 for the coronation of 1322:

have not been regularly filled since the 15th and 16th centuries respectively; they are, however, revived for coronation ceremonies. The

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his or her reign commences from the moment of the preceding monarch's death or abdication, maintaining legal continuity of the monarchy.

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traditionally have roles as well. Most participants wear ceremonial uniforms or robes, and before the most recent coronation, some wore

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over their court dresses. Other members of the royal family in attendance dress according to the conventions listed below, except that

1505:, with the reason given that it was contrary to precedent for a sovereign or former sovereign to attend any coronation of another. The 940:, allowing time to prepare a spectacular ceremony. Most of his successors were crowned within weeks, or even days, of their accession. 547: 3088:. Prior to that he wore a replica of the Crown of Scotland. In 2004 a new replica of this crown was created for use by the Lord Lyon. 7701: 7508: 6862: 4469: 1174:

was not invited to the ceremony; when she showed up at Westminster Abbey anyway, she was denied entry and turned away. Following the

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Finally, the archbishop, standing before the monarch, says the crowning formula, which is a translation of the ancient Latin prayer

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All peers and peeresses in attendance are "expected to wear" Robes of State, as described below. These robes are different to the

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also participated in the ceremony. Formerly, the barons were the members of the House of Commons representing the Cinque Ports of

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In 1953, "Peers taking part in the Processions or Ceremonies in Westminster Abbey" were directed to wear the Robe of State over

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Along with persons of nobility, the coronation ceremonies are also attended by a wide range of political figures, including the

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spoon with which the Archbishop of Canterbury anoints the sovereign in the form of a cross on the hands, head, and heart. The

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was similarly accompanied by Bishops Assistant – the Bishops of Hereford and of Norwich – on her right and left respectively.

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uses texts from the Bible which have been used at coronations since King Edgar's coronation at Bath in 973 and are known as

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The Bishop of Durham stands on the monarch's right and the Bishop of Bath and Wells on their left. During the Coronation of

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in 961, thus bringing the English tradition into line with continental practice. It remained in use until the coronation of

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and is required to be taken at either the first meeting of the parliament after a new monarch's accession (i.e. during the

1465: 857:

was held afterwards. In 1911, the procession inside Westminster Abbey included the banners of the dominions, India and the

5459: 4697: 7711: 7493: 7453: 7443: 7433: 7181: 6599: 3065: 2723:, or a black suit with white bow tie, were also permitted (as was the use of a Parliament Robe or a mantle of one of the 2430:– a simple and austere garment worn during the anointing. It is plain white, bears no decoration and fastens at the back. 2104:

and takes into their hands the Sceptre with the Cross and the Orb and leaves the chapel first while all present sing the

1150: 1957:

three times, "God Save the King/Queen". The trumpeters sound a fanfare and church bells ring out across the kingdom, as

9735: 8145: 7806: 7513: 7428: 6531: 5272: 4164: 4060: 3097: 2960: 2740: 2554:. For the Anointing, the sovereign is bareheaded, and remains so until the Crowning. Monarchs are usually crowned with 2417:. It consists of an ermine cape and a long crimson velvet train lined with further ermine and decorated with gold lace. 2380: 1894: 1362: 1358: 479: 5555: 2866:. During the appearance, the monarch wears the Imperial State Crown and, if there is one, the queen consort wears her 1776:. In 1953, the chair stood atop a dais of several steps. This mediaeval chair has a cavity in the base into which the 9323: 9021: 8781: 8523: 7837: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7468: 7448: 7186: 6976: 6548: 6258: 5927: 5412: 3493: 3406: 1910: 768:

In early modern coronations, the events inside the abbey were usually recorded by artists and published in elaborate

630: 578:

was translated into English for the first time for the coronation of James I in 1603, partly as a result of the

523: 82:

ceremonies. A coronation is a symbolic formality and does not signify the official beginning of the monarch's reign;

9506: 7780: 2076:. While the monarch is in St. Edward's chapel, the choir recites an English translation of the hymn of thanksgiving 1604:

After the people acclaim the sovereign at each side, the archbishop administers an oath to the sovereign. Since the

9671: 9232: 8533: 8350: 7852: 7816: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7476: 7463: 7152: 6981: 6765: 3085: 2879: 2619: 1902: 1723: 1396: 1374: 817: 801: 618: 8742: 4787: 4116: 2080:. St Edward's Crown and all the other regalia are laid on the High Altar of the chapel; the sovereign removes the 1719: 424:(from 1472 an archbishop) usually presided, but other bishops and archbishops also performed at some coronations. 9636: 8368: 8097: 8078: 7176: 6594: 6500: 6418: 2816: 2708: 2607: 1667:

All this I promise to do. The things which I have here before promised, I will perform, and keep. So help me God.

1006: 761: 211:. Main elements of the coronation service and the earliest form of oath can be traced to the ceremony devised by 8886: 8737: 8241: 5015: 3199: 606:, since it was the only common language between the king and the clergy. Perhaps because the 1761 coronation of 8325: 8035: 7972: 7962: 7878: 7553: 7164: 6510: 5129: 3057: 3008: 2579: 2383:, it is customary for most coronation robes to be newly made for each monarch. (The present exceptions are the 1589: 1378: 1319: 1054: 724:

over the king and offered him wine. Similar, or even more elaborate pageants continued until the coronation of

495: 452:

in 1513. The ceremony was held in a church, since demolished, within the castle walls and was conducted by the

8404: 8023: 6358: 4838: 4713:

Coronation of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth the Second: Minutes of the Proceedings of the Court of Claims, 1952

1381:. At coronations since Victoria's, the barons have attended the ceremony, but they have not carried canopies. 9516: 9242: 6842: 6821: 6744: 6690: 4009: 3049: 3040:

Aside from kings and queens, the only individuals authorised to wear crowns (as opposed to coronets) are the

2181: 1469: 1077:

in 1066; the location was preserved for all future coronations. When London was under the control of rebels,

288: 55: 6424: 4198: 1028:

Since a period of time has often passed between accession and coronation, some monarchs were never crowned.

9310: 8848: 8821: 8771: 8226: 8056: 6584: 6313:

Thomas, Andrea (2008). "Coronation Ritual and Regalia". In Goodare, Julian; MacDonald, Alasdair A. (eds.).

3029: 2936: 2812: 2704: 2626: 1831:. While performing the anointing, the Archbishop recites a consecratory formula recalling the anointing of 1427: 645: 9496: 8018: 5092: 4487: 1699: 9247: 8191: 7689: 7652: 7385: 6463: 6212: 5721: 4212: 3360: 3112: 3069: 2414: 2207: 1680: 862: 725: 174: 6126: 2542:

for the opening procession and when seated in the Chair of Estate during the first part of the service.

2271:

can exercise their right to be the first commoners to acclaim the sovereign, shouting their traditional

1390: 1255:

were "either dead, too old and infirm, unacceptable to the queen, or unwilling to serve". Finally, when

993:, before deciding on an auspicious date. The coronations of Charles II in 1661 and Anne in 1702 were on 333:

and "the tyranny of the bishops of Rome". However, six years later, he was succeeded by his half-sister

9461: 9303: 6904: 6612: 2808: 2700: 2229:, he decided that it ought to be a celebration of four hundred years of British music. Compositions by 2215: 2199: 1789: 1614: 1502: 1342: 668: 408:

from whom the Stone of Destiny came. A crown does not seem to have been used until the inauguration of

2024:

After the enthronement proper, the act of homage takes place: the archbishops and bishops swear their

1994:

consisting of several prayers, after each one the congregation replies with "a loud and hearty Amen".

9585: 9098: 8864: 8518: 8068: 7871: 7421: 6899: 6505: 6488: 6373: 4728:"Coronation Claims Office to Look at Historic and Ceremonial Roles for King Charles III's Coronation" 2280: 2264: 2246: 885: 626: 603: 369: 346: 8678: 6205:

The Coronation Book: the History and Meaning of the Ceremonies at the Crowning of the King and Queen

3271: 590:, but this was restored for later monarchs. Only four years later, the service was again revised by 397: 9714: 9218: 8384: 8123: 7416: 7235: 7090: 6852: 5782:"Dress and insignia worn at His Majesty's court, issued with the authority of the lord chamberlain" 4668: 4404: 3053: 2168:

The music played at coronations has been primarily classical and religiously inspired. Much of the

1714:

is celebrated, with a special Collect for the coronation, but the service is interrupted after the

1609: 1419: 793:, Stone was allowed to photograph the recognition, the presentation of the swords, and the homage. 457: 409: 114: 5523: 4814:"King Charles' Coronation Guest List Just Added Foreign Royals — Including a Break From Tradition" 3640: 1726:, which contains Jesus's famous instruction to "render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's". 1403:. By the Tudor period, the hereditary post of Lord High Steward had merged with the Crown, and so 1113:, heir apparent to the throne, was crowned as a second king of England, subordinate to his father 184: 9566: 9385: 8453: 8389: 8140: 7967: 7906: 7842: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 6986: 6847: 6816: 6695: 6574: 6495: 5725: 4638: 3021: 2955: 2944: 2940: 2316: 2296: 1828: 1370: 1086: 933: 804:(BBC), and parts of the service were filmed and shown in cinemas. The state procession was shown 797: 611: 483: 7770: 5203: 924:, the rush probably reflecting the contentious nature of Harold's succession; whereas the first 9471: 9296: 9262: 9237: 9174: 8881: 8611: 8421: 8029: 8008: 7400: 7324: 6733: 6536: 4965: 4434: 3485: 3479: 3081: 2547: 2320: 2285: 2221:

In the 19th century, works by major European composers were often used, but when Sir

2195: 2177: 2041: 1676: 1585: 1323: 1311: 1295: 1264: 1240: 1138: 846: 809: 790: 595: 591: 579: 314: 7996: 6248: 6025: 5831: 5402: 5262: 1983:

When this prayer is finished, the choir sings an English translation of the traditional Latin

1648:

Will you to your power cause Law and Justice, in Mercy, to be executed in all your judgments?

833:

in coronations was not considered until 1902, when it was attended by the prime ministers and

9760: 9676: 9646: 9545: 9420: 9343: 8834: 8815: 8495: 8201: 8102: 7919: 7533: 7518: 7498: 7395: 7380: 6755: 3967: 3396: 2910: 2898: 2451: 1752: 1672: 1625: 1404: 1400: 1335: 1171: 1167: 1163: 978: 929: 745:

to the abbey was instituted, and this pageantry is an important feature of the modern event.

681: 519: 133:. Many government officials and guests attend, including representatives of other countries. 6106: 6093: 5969: 5742: 5678: 1203:

Archbishops of Canterbury and York at the coronation of King George V and Queen Mary in 1911

9661: 9600: 9400: 9360: 9355: 8702: 8399: 7943: 7832: 6919: 6798: 6793: 6659: 6654: 5888: 2724: 2559: 2555: 2304: 2295:(or Queen). Other composers whose music featured in Elizabeth II's coronation include 2101: 1941: 1934: 1629: 1485: 1284: 1224: 1220: 1182:

declined the crown but underwent a coronation in all but name in his second investiture as

1134: 1110: 1102: 1078: 1062: 949: 921: 850: 742: 689: 634: 499: 421: 154: 44: 8806: 7609: 5893: 1199: 781:

ran for three months after the real event. In 1902, a request to record the ceremony on a

614:

in 1821 was an expensive and lavish affair with a vast amount of money being spent on it.

8: 9780: 9725: 9693: 9666: 9631: 9501: 9079: 8475: 8394: 8305: 8221: 7758: 7593: 7390: 7228: 6971: 6857: 6760: 5517: 3759: 2922: 2744: 2662: 2263:

was written as the entrance anthem for the 1902 coronation, replacing an 1831 setting by

2046: 1953: 1808: 1781: 1605: 1577: 1411: 1331: 1256: 1228: 1155: 1130: 1114: 1029: 957: 941: 881: 854: 786: 563: 491: 267: 71: 8606: 8001: 6335: 6216: 5781: 5585: 4765: 2289:(1911) have also been used regularly in recent coronations, as has the national anthem, 1137:

in 1154; eighteen such coronations have been performed, including that of the co-rulers

920:

was baptised. Harold II was crowned on the day after the death of his predecessor,

9698: 9626: 9621: 9561: 9390: 9204: 9074: 8906: 8854: 8757: 8441: 8416: 8379: 8263: 8196: 8169: 8073: 7728: 7202: 6966: 6770: 6111: 6098: 5974: 5747: 5683: 5498: 5437: 3503: 3250: 2964: 2914: 2883: 2804: 2696: 2692:

Prior to the 19th century peers also wore a matching crimson surcoat edged in miniver.

2634: 2539: 2268: 1898: 1846:

After being anointed, the monarch rises from the Coronation Chair and kneels down at a

1707: 1688: 1633: 1477: 1435: 1431: 1423: 1327: 1244: 1209: 1142: 1118: 994: 913: 599: 413: 350: 283: 279: 275: 142: 8747: 8133: 6364: 5197: 1683:) or at their coronation. The monarch additionally swears a separate oath to preserve 9651: 9405: 9338: 9285: 9257: 8796: 8762: 8548: 8458: 8300: 8280: 8275: 8128: 7598: 7208: 7017: 6914: 6739: 6711: 6644: 6320: 6299: 6275: 6254: 6233: 6189: 6168: 5923: 5837: 5408: 5268: 5241: 5207: 5007: 4872: 4154: 4050: 3973: 3878: 3489: 3402: 3102: 3061: 2948: 2875: 2859: 2764: 2756: 2583: 2515:– the counterpart to the crimson surcoat, worn during the final part of the ceremony. 2464: 2291: 2173: 2105: 1966: 1760:

also used in the anointing of French kings. After this prayer, the coronation anthem

1315: 1232: 1175: 1074: 966: 962: 948:

when he acceded to the throne in 1272; he was crowned soon after his return in 1274.

900: 868: 813: 782: 774: 461: 453: 365: 204: 193: 158: 118: 67: 2570:

Certain other members of the royal family wear distinctive robes, most particularly

1109:

Coronations may be performed for a person other than the reigning monarch. In 1170,

558: 435:. Its first certain use at an English coronation was that of Henry IV in 1399. 9730: 9720: 9703: 9581: 9539: 9481: 9451: 9280: 8986: 8901: 8766: 8538: 8485: 8320: 8285: 8258: 8253: 7979: 7528: 7301: 7276: 7058: 7037: 6940: 5490: 4555: 4412: 4378: 4335: 4279: 4256: 4146: 4090: 4042: 3912: 3886: 3860: 3837: 3438: 3242: 3211: 3080:(Latin: "Have mercy on me O God according to Thy great mercy", from Psalm 51). The 2996: 2983: 2906: 2894: 2775:, which is similarly edged with miniver and worn over a full-length white or cream 2752: 2499: 2475: 2222: 2190: 2147: 1914: 1836: 1824: 1807:. The duty of acting as canopy-bearers was performed in recent coronations by four 1785: 1769: 1722:, which instructs readers to respect and obey civil government, and the Gospel was 1695: 1473: 1415: 1280: 1260: 1070: 838: 834: 734: 697: 531: 432: 216: 208: 189: 126: 103: 7932: 6398: 6070: 5762:

Cox, N. (1999). "The Coronets of Members of the Royal Family and of the Peerage".

5059: 4564: 4390: 4320:

Strong, pp. 30–31. Note: The dates of the coronations of three queens are unknown.

3450: 2002: 1538: 9708: 9641: 9576: 9533: 9318: 9275: 9227: 9144: 9016: 8827: 8641: 8543: 8513: 8085: 7306: 6352: 6314: 6293: 6269: 6227: 6183: 6162: 6052: 5833:

Plenty and Want: A Social History of Food in England from 1815 to the Present Day

5701:

Cox, N. (1999). "The Coronation and Parliamentary Robes of the British Peerage".

5235: 5004:

The Halcyon: The Newsletter of the Friends of the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library

4711: 4605:, "The Bishop of Durham's intimate role in the coronation ceremony," 6th May 2023 4547: 4303:

Fourth Address in the Becket Lecture Series to the St Thomas More Society, Sydney

3073: 3045: 2863: 2308: 2242: 2234: 2185: 1962: 1812: 1793: 1684: 1581: 1179: 805: 701: 449: 354: 248: 197: 146: 8236: 5301:"The Authorised Liturgy for the Coronation Rite of His Majesty King Charles III" 4966:"Coronation Oath Act 1688: Section III. Form of Oath and Administration thereof" 4839:"The King's Coronation guest list: a who's who of every foreign royal attending" 2059:

by Harry Greville Wood Irwin. Painted in 1937, depicting the Coronation of King

1036:

were both deposed before they could be crowned, in 1483 and 1553, respectively.

748: 602:. The Latin text was resurrected for the 1714 coronation of the German-speaking 9750: 9688: 9549: 9529: 9491: 9445: 9410: 9365: 9214: 9187: 9120: 9115: 9041: 8976: 8911: 8841: 8776: 8688: 8637: 8503: 8426: 8411: 7523: 7063: 6894: 6826: 6680: 6408: 6378: 6271:

The Coronation Ceremony of the Kings and Queens of England and the Crown Jewels

4339: 4283: 4260: 4150: 4094: 4046: 3916: 3841: 3442: 3017: 2889: 2824: 2658: 2611: 2571: 2413:– the first robe used at a coronation, worn on entry to the abbey and later at 2356: 2334: 2312: 2211: 2073: 2009:

wearing the crown and holding the sceptre and orb at the end of her coronation.

1777: 1527: 1453: 1236: 1183: 1122: 1058: 1033: 925: 830: 685: 657: 649: 641: 567: 503: 436: 389: 326: 262: 32: 8752: 8270: 7220: 6414: 6404: 6391: 4559: 4416: 4382: 3890: 3864: 3246: 310:

at Westminster Abbey which has come to be regarded as the definitive version.

244: 9795: 9683: 9656: 9466: 9375: 9156: 9148: 9110: 9060: 9049: 9036: 8697: 8508: 8356: 8345: 7984: 7957: 7733: 7084: 7042: 7012: 6454: 5907:. Vol. 07 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 185–187. 5898: 5011: 4876: 4663: 4643: 4540: 4297: 3200:"The Medieval Scottish Coronation Service: Some Seventeenth-Century Evidence" 3041: 2867: 2836: 2603: 2522: 2458:

Robes with which the Sovereign is invested (worn thereafter until Communion):

2324: 2238: 2230: 2036: 1489: 1299: 1283:

in 973: two bishops led him by hand into Bath Abbey. Since the coronation of

1248: 1126: 982: 974: 945: 937: 778: 764:

in 1911. It was the first time any part of the service had been photographed.

717: 515: 376:

in 1249, being greeted by the royal poet who will recite the king's genealogy

306: 150: 107: 8330: 5784:. London, Harrison & sons, ltd. 7 May 1921 – via Internet Archive. 4138: 4034: 3215: 2862:

and appear on the balcony, from where in 1953 they watched a flypast by the

9595: 9524: 9476: 9370: 9290: 9068: 8693: 8651: 8616: 8569: 8463: 8431: 8206: 8107: 7775: 7359: 7281: 7255: 6030:

Chambers's Encyclopædia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the People

3012: 2988: 2976: 2905:

Historically, the coronation was immediately followed by a banquet held in

2840: 2615: 2300: 2254: 2250: 2169: 1832: 1772:

for the anointing, which has been set in a prominent position, wearing the

1715: 1593: 1510: 1481: 1346: 1287:

in 1189, the Bishops of Bath & Wells and Durham have assumed this duty.

998: 917: 858: 757: 729: 527: 511: 428: 79: 75: 4667: 2507:

Worn for the final part of the service (and the processions which follow):

1279:

The part played by two supporting bishops dates back to the coronation of

712:

flowed with red and white wine, and an imitation castle had been built in

582:

requiring services to be understood by the people, but also an attempt by

393: 9740: 9616: 9570: 9439: 9380: 9209: 9152: 9139: 9125: 8961: 8936: 8921: 8722: 8683: 8656: 8646: 8179: 8051: 7801: 7364: 7027: 7022: 6685: 6675: 6229:

Music and Ceremonial at British Coronations: From James I to Elizabeth II

4652:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–4. 3785: 2543: 2203: 2006: 1991: 1675:

if they have not yet made it. This declaration was first required by the

1498: 1326:

enrobes the sovereign with the ceremonial vestments, with the aid of the

1159: 1146: 1037: 1014: 673: 583: 381: 373: 342: 252: 40: 8791: 4637: 3254: 2771:

This Robe of State is directed to be worn with a sleeved crimson velvet

2645: 2395:

Worn for the first part of the service (and the processions beforehand):

1925: 562:

Partial illustration of the State Procession prior to the Coronation of

392:. The original rituals were a fusion of ceremonies used by the kings of 9745: 9486: 9395: 9270: 9168: 8859: 8732: 8666: 8661: 8340: 8335: 8290: 8090: 7559: 7251: 7032: 6649: 6289: 5428:

Anselm Hughes (1953). "Music of the Coronation over a Thousand Years".

5211: 4108: 3230: 2591: 2368: 2274: 2267:; it contains a bridge section partway through so that the scholars of 2259: 2160: 1958: 1906: 1561: 1542: 1441: 1216: 1082: 1066: 986: 936:, but three weeks since the surrender of English nobles and bishops at 842: 607: 539: 468:

before the start of the ceremony. The coronation itself started with a

440: 385: 322: 228: 220: 59: 51: 5502: 5441: 5195: 4678:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 70:. It corresponds to the coronations that formerly took place in other 9179: 9133: 9084: 9055: 9006: 8436: 8040: 7576: 7354: 5917: 2871: 2832: 2720: 2551: 2535: 2372: 2338: 2329: 2060: 1930: 1847: 1804: 1803:

of golden cloth was in the past held over the monarch's head for the

1800: 1711: 1556: 1025:

was held on 6 May 2023, eight months after he acceded to the throne.

1018: 970: 789:

photographed the procession into the abbey. Nine years later, at the

721: 713: 587: 507: 417: 318: 297: 138: 36: 5121: 4590:, "Coronation bishops confirmed for ceremonial roles", 14 April 2023 1734: 1702:. At Elizabeth II's coronation, the Bible was presented by the 1617:, the exchange between the Queen and the archbishop was as follows: 1239:; the coronation was instead performed by the Bishop of Winchester. 912:

The timing of the coronation has varied throughout British history.

896: 676:

carried from her Coronation in a horse-borne litter, 15 January 1559

9555: 9092: 8991: 8951: 8941: 8926: 8712: 8586: 8446: 8174: 8164: 8113: 8046: 7991: 7924: 7863: 7588: 5494: 3969:

Scots and Britons: Scottish Political Thought and the Union of 1603

3025: 2788: 2575: 1984: 1878: 1820: 1671:

In addition to the oath, the monarch may take what is known as the

1213: 1010: 990: 953: 753: 709: 693: 487: 475: 338: 330: 90: 4001: 2391:, which both date from the coronation of George IV in 1821.) 1827:

is the only part of the mediaeval Crown Jewels which survived the

1764:(by George Frederick Handel) is sung by the choir; meanwhile, the 9775: 9415: 9333: 8956: 8931: 8916: 8871: 8707: 8564: 8480: 8468: 8362: 8231: 8211: 8186: 7314: 7263: 6909: 6749: 6185:

Crown, Orb & Sceptre: The True Stories of English Coronations

5892: 4109:"Coronation on 6 May for King Charles and Camilla, Queen Consort" 2760: 2682: 2630: 2606:. In the late 17th century and 18th century, queens consort wore 1816: 1252: 1235:, a Catholic, refused to be crowned by the Protestant Archbishop 1057:

monarchs used various locations for their coronations, including

445: 401: 347:

last English coronation under the auspices of the Catholic Church

256: 212: 162: 130: 84: 63: 5796:"The Coronation at Buckingham Palace: the Coronation Procession" 3084:

has worn a crown of this style at all coronations since that of

2279:

as the sovereign enters the coronation theatre. This anthem and

2241:

were included alongside works by contemporary composers such as

1905:, so called because it is surmounted by a dove representing the 1219:, and this appointment was not recognised as valid by the Pope. 534:

was never crowned in Scotland, although Scottish peers attended

9160: 9030: 8996: 8981: 8966: 8727: 8621: 8601: 8591: 8310: 8295: 8248: 7911: 7349: 7296: 7286: 6961: 5267:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 154. 4621:, "Former Bishop of Dudley accompanies Queen during coronation" 2918: 2772: 2025: 1949:, which first appeared in the twelfth-century third recension. 1212:, since the Archbishop of Canterbury had been appointed by the 1125:, was still alive). More commonly, a king's wife is crowned as 469: 465: 334: 232: 224: 4035:"Monarchs of Great Britain and the United Kingdom (1707–2003)" 1314:

traditionally participate during the ceremony. The offices of

9328: 9001: 8971: 8717: 8596: 8581: 8216: 7319: 7291: 7271: 6379:

Book describing English medieval Coronation found in Pamplona

6316:

Sixteenth-Century Scotland: Essays in Honour of Michael Lynch

5647:"Peers to wear coronation robes in last minute Palace U-turn" 3108:

List of people involved in coronations of the British monarch

2992: 2678: 2587: 2188:

for the traditional texts. The most frequently used piece is

1840: 1013:, at least one year passed between accession and coronation. 903:

has been the traditional location for coronations since 1066.

769: 705: 629:-nation". The king merely wore his robes over his uniform as 405: 293: 2727:

by those not taking part in the Processions or Ceremonies).

872:

The first British coronation in the 21st century during the

760:

seated on the Chairs of Estate in front of the royal box at

274:

A third recension was probably compiled during the reign of

9755: 9104: 8946: 8671: 7639: 4764:. Department for Culture, Media & Sport. Archived from 4554:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, January 2012, 2787:

During the Coronation, peers and peeresses formerly put on

2686: 2681:-type garment of crimson velvet, edged down the front with 1977: 1874: 145:, invested with regalia, and crowned, before receiving the 6295:

Coronation: A History of Kingship and the British Monarchy

4306:. Sydney: Supreme Court of New South Wales. Archived from 2954:

Banquets have not been held at Westminster Hall since the

2913:(which is also the home to the Houses of Parliament). The 1410:

In 1952, for example, the court accepted the claim of the

1373:

in 1821. The barons did not return for the coronations of

8896: 8786: 6456:

Coronation of the English, Scottish, and British monarchs

5515: 5373:

Cox, N. (1999). "The Coronation Robes of the Sovereign".

1162:'s in 1533. The most recent king to wed post-coronation, 1105:

in 1170; he died young and did not become King of England

7948:(also called Mass, Holy Communion, or the Lord's Supper) 6045:"The origin and history of the various heraldic offices" 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 3641:"The story of BBC Television – Television out and about" 3398:

The Coronation Service of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II

3361:"Biography of Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquis of Argyll" 2057:

Mounted Band of The Scots Greys, Coronation Parade, 1937

1384: 1227:

because the Archbishop of Canterbury had been exiled by

934:

crowned on the day he became king, 25 December 1066

6381:

at the Medieval History of Navarre website (in Spanish)

3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 1750:

After the Communion service is interrupted, the anthem

977:, possibly in imitation of the Byzantine emperors, and 952:'s coronation, similarly, was delayed by a campaign in 518:

ritual, arousing "gryt feir of inbriginge of poperie".

6032:. Edinburgh: W & R Chambers. 1863. pp. 796–7. 5920:

Keepers of the Kingdom: the Ancient Offices of Britain

4485: 2803:

who were not peers or peeresses were directed to wear

1251:

is attached no special precedence) because the senior

5347: 5091:. The Anglican Communion. 2 June 2003. Archived from 4694:

The Royal Pavilion, Libraries and Museums Collections

4690:"Coronation of George IV: Barons of the Cinque Ports" 4131: 2763:

pure and having a cape of miniver pure (with rows of

1718:. At the coronation of Elizabeth II, the Epistle was 1499:

Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor (formerly Edward VIII)

663: 6415:

Long to Reign Over Us, Chapter Three: The Coronation

5858:"The Coronation State Banquets at Buckingham Palace" 5049:, Image of 'Completed Coronation Theatre' at bottom. 4631: 4629: 3986: 3477: 3078:

Miserere mei Deus secundum magnam misericordiam tuam

3076:

alternating in height, and inscribed with the words

2751:

A peeress's coronation robe is described as a long (

2565: 1377:(who insisted on a simpler, cheaper ceremonial) and 1166:, did not have a separate coronation for his bride, 1092: 416:

by a senior cleric and the recitation of the king's

74:, which have all abandoned coronations in favour of 6221:. Westminster: A. Constable & Company, Limited. 5883: 5881: 5879: 5696: 5694: 4463: 4329: 4029: 4027: 2970: 2963:has also been held. To celebrate the coronation, a 2032:, the paying of homage by the peerage was omitted. 1568:The sovereign enters Westminster Abbey wearing the 5918:Alistair Bruce; Julian Calder; Mark Cator (2000). 3855:Michael Prestwick (2004). "Edward I (1239–1307)". 3231:"Observations on the Coronation Stone of Scotland" 2951:were also associated with the coronation banquet. 62:ceremony in which they are formally invested with 39:receiving the homage after being crowned in 1937; 5233: 5196:Sir George Younghusband; Cyril Davenport (1919). 4626: 4330:Elisabeth van Houts (2004). "Matilda (d. 1083)". 3854: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3184: 3182: 2610:. Prior to the 20th century it was not usual for 278:and was used at the coronation of his successor, 223:. It drew on ceremonies used by the kings of the 9793: 6370:Planning the next Accession and Coronation: FAQs 5876: 5691: 5400: 5115: 5113: 4300:(8 October 2002). "Becket and Henry II: Exile". 4274:Thomas K. Keefe (2004). "Henry II (1133–1189)". 4085:H.C.G. Matthew (2004). "George VI (1895–1952)". 4024: 3228: 2893:George IV's coronation banquet was held in 2198:; one of four anthems commissioned from him for 1459: 829:The need to include the various elements of the 380:Scottish coronations were traditionally held at 235:. Two versions of coronation services, known as 7250: 5616:"Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Crown 1937" 5119: 4635: 4273: 4251:H.W. Ridgeway (2004). "Henry III (1207–1272)". 3999: 3907:R.A. Griffiths (2004). "Henry VI (1421–1471)". 3877: 3832:David Bates (2004). "William I (1027/8–1087)". 3431:Hibbert, Christopher. "George IV (1762–1830)". 2017:is recited; a translation of the Latin formula 1430:to carry a white staff. The legal claim of the 203:English coronations were traditionally held at 4994: 4865:"Queen to Set Precedent By Seeing Son Crowned" 4296: 4213:"England: Anglo-Saxon Consecrations: 871–1066" 4084: 3965: 3906: 3457: 3179: 1768:is removed, and the sovereign proceeds to the 1691:and this oath is taken before the coronation. 510:in 1633, but caused consternation amongst the 464:. It is likely that the child would have been 7879: 7625: 7236: 6440: 6365:A Synopsis of English and British Coronations 5427: 5110: 4428: 4426: 4250: 3818: 3816: 3757: 2225:was appointed director of music for the 1902 2151:(1727), performed by St Matthew's Choir, 2013 502:travelled north for a Scottish coronation at 6020: 6018: 5829: 5823: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5430:Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association 5407:. Manchester University Press. p. 104. 4788:"The King Who Did Not Attend the Coronation" 4403: 4377:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3608: 3606: 3596: 3594: 3521: 3519: 3508:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3478:Carpenter, Gentleman, Edward, David (1987). 3437:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2015:Stand firm, and hold fast from henceforth... 1792:in 2020 that the Stone will be relocated to 656:emphasise the strength and diversity of the 325:coronation in 1547, during which Archbishop 6042: 5227: 4696:. Brighton and Hove Museums. Archived from 4486:Lucinda Maer; Oonagh Gay (27 August 2008). 4188: 3902: 3900: 3831: 2901:in 1821; it was the last such banquet held. 2323:and the Canadian-resident but English-born 1576:and takes their seat on a Chair of Estate. 9457:Communion and the developmentally disabled 7886: 7872: 7632: 7618: 7243: 7229: 6447: 6433: 4468:. British Monarchy website. Archived from 4435:"Order of Precedence in England and Wales" 4432: 4423: 3972:. Cambridge University Press. p. 71. 3813: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 1997: 1305: 728:in 1661. Charles's pageant was watched by 621:had to be persuaded to be crowned at all; 548:Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll 6738:Archbishops and Bishops Assistant of the 6250:Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876-1953 6015: 5730: 5664: 5404:Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953 4636:Vernon-Harcourt, Leveson William (1911). 3959: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3603: 3591: 3516: 3011:also held a durbar which he and his wife 2665:wear it over (and attached to) the cape. 1897:to the sovereign. First, he delivers the 1866:(shroud tunic), over which is placed the 6863:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Crown 6105: 6092: 5968: 5911: 5741: 5677: 5237:The Crown Jewels and Coronation Ceremony 4662: 4457: 4407:(2004). "Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658)". 3897: 3266: 3264: 2967:is also released before the coronation. 2888: 2734: 2644: 2629:were provided with distinctive forms of 2433: 2422:Worn over the surcoat for the Anointing: 2367: 2051: 2001: 1924: 1873:The Lord Great Chamberlain presents the 1733: 1537: 1452:, a Coronation Claims Office within the 1198: 1096: 895: 867: 845:, and also by many of the rulers of the 747: 667: 557: 364: 261: 183: 31: 27:Formal investiture and crowning ceremony 7640:Royal ceremonies of the British monarch 6067:"History of the Court of the Lord Lyon" 5761: 5700: 5372: 5264:Ordines Coronationis Franciae: Volume I 5260: 4552:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4481: 4479: 4466:"50 facts about the Queen's coronation" 4409:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4374:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4332:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4276:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4253:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4143:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4087:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4039:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3909:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3883:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3857:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3834:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3434:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1893:. The Archbishop then delivers several 1533: 1338:(in the case of a queen) of the Robes. 524:simple Presbyterian coronation ceremony 360: 292:, a book of German liturgy compiled in 14: 9794: 7848:Special address by the British monarch 6319:. Netherlands: Brill. pp. 43–68. 6232:. London: Cambridge University Press. 5887: 4223:from the original on 27 September 2010 4167:from the original on 24 September 2015 4063:from the original on 24 September 2015 3702: 2939:and was never revived. The offices of 1551:Coronation oath of the British monarch 1513:broke precedent by attending the 1937 1456:was established instead of the court. 824: 800:in 1937 was broadcast on radio by the 179: 7867: 7613: 7224: 6428: 6405:Coronation 1937 – Technicolor – Sound 6361:at the Royal Collection Trust website 6340:. London: Cambridge University Press. 5596:from the original on 26 February 2020 4976:from the original on 23 February 2017 4371:Smith, E. A. "Caroline (1768–1821)". 3786:"Coronation order of service in full" 3261: 3197: 2853: 2715:), if so entitled, or else over full 2066: 2030:coronation of Charles III and Camilla 1862:The sovereign is then enrobed in the 1507:coronation of Charles III and Camilla 1450:coronation of Charles III and Camilla 1385:Other claims to attend the coronation 1043:The king is dead, long live the king! 1023:coronation of Charles III and Camilla 874:coronation of Charles III and Camilla 739:coronation of William IV and Adelaide 553: 514:Scots by his insistence on elaborate 7893: 5950:from the original on 13 October 2010 5644: 5516:Arnold Wright; Philip Smith (1902). 5086:"The coronation: An intimate ritual" 4738:from the original on 14 January 2023 4476: 4119:from the original on 13 October 2022 4012:from the original on 5 February 2019 4000:Royal Household (21 December 2015). 2534:Male sovereigns up to and including 2363: 1580:, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the 1270: 6997:Queen Consort's Ivory Rod with Dove 5922:. London: Seven Dials. p. 29. 5458:. Westminster Abbey. Archived from 5120:Royal Household (15 January 2016). 5035:. Westminster Abbey. Archived from 5033:"Coronation of the British Monarch" 4464:The Royal Household (25 May 2003). 3766:from the original on 7 October 2016 3484:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 3430: 3066:Order of St. Michael and St. George 2874:display is held nearby, usually in 2835:with knee breeches or trousers, or 2730: 2184:, were commissioned to compose new 2176:. In the coronations following the 1940:The Archbishop of Canterbury lifts 1710:. Once the Bible is presented, the 1121:in 796, crowned whilst his father, 412:in 1214. The ceremony included the 24: 9736:Ritualism in the Church of England 7807:Investiture of the prince of Wales 6992:Queen Consort's Sceptre with Cross 6353:Coronations and the Royal Archives 6334:Woolley, Reginald Maxwell (1915). 5864:from the original on 26 March 2016 5802:from the original on 25 March 2016 5317:from the original on 29 April 2023 3098:Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom 2799:In 1953, those taking part in the 2538:have traditionally worn a crimson 2118: 1917:, are delivered to the sovereign. 1208:William I was crowned by the 1017:was not crowned and his successor 664:Bringing coronations to the people 157:to appear later on the balcony of 125:. Other clergy and members of the 102:took place on 6 May 2023 to crown 25: 9823: 9324:Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate 8524:List of Anglican church composers 8014:Coronation of the British monarch 6346: 6137:from the original on 29 June 2011 6115:. 29 December 1922. p. 9160. 5281:from the original on 8 April 2023 5261:Jackson, Richard A., ed. (1995). 5132:from the original on 6 March 2021 5066:from the original on 7 April 2023 5060:"The Stone of Destiny - gov.scot" 4916:"Guide to the Coronation Service" 4494:from the original on 11 June 2015 4445:from the original on 29 July 2010 4370: 4145:. Oxford University Press. 2004. 4041:. Oxford University Press. 2004. 3881:(2004). "Edward II (1284–1327)". 3651:from the original on 17 June 2018 2981:Queen Victoria assumed the title 2582:, all of whom wear purple velvet 2566:Other members of the royal family 1704:Moderator of the General Assembly 1093:Coronation of consorts and others 741:in 1831, a state procession from 496:Westminster Abbey on 25 July 1603 388:, with the monarch seated on the 207:, with the monarch seated on the 113:The ceremony is performed by the 18:Coronation of the British Monarch 9774: 9672:Elizabethan Religious Settlement 7853:National service of thanksgiving 7817:Ceremony of the Keys (Edinburgh) 7742: 6359:Coronations: An ancient ceremony 6119: 6085: 6059: 6036: 6006: 5994: 5982: 5962: 5936: 5850: 5814: 5788: 5774: 5755: 5751:. 2 December 1952. p. 6352. 5713: 5687:. 2 December 1952. p. 6351. 5638: 5626:from the original on 9 June 2022 5608: 5578: 5566:from the original on 9 June 2022 5548: 5539: 5530: 5509: 5474: 5448: 5436:. Taylor & Francis: 81–100. 5421: 5394: 5385: 5338: 5329: 5293: 5254: 5218: 5189: 5180: 5171: 5162: 5153: 5144: 5078: 5052: 5025: 4988: 4139:"Monarchs of England (924–1707)" 3672:(London). 29 October 1952. p. 4. 3278:from the original on 3 July 2016 3035: 2971:Enthronement as Emperor of India 2620:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 2580:princesses of the United Kingdom 2159:Problems playing this file? See 2134: 1515:coronation of her son, George VI 1069:. The last Anglo-Saxon monarch, 802:British Broadcasting Corporation 372:at his coronation aged eight at 117:, the most senior cleric in the 9812:Coronations of British monarchs 9637:Bible translations into English 8369:To Thee before the close of day 8098:Seven Last Words from the Cross 6421:on the Royal Channel at YouTube 6253:. Manchester University Press. 6153: 6127:"Lord Lyon gets his crown back" 6003:(London). 2 January 1903. p. 3. 5991:(London). 2 January 1877. p. 5. 4958: 4949: 4940: 4908: 4899: 4890: 4857: 4831: 4806: 4780: 4750: 4720: 4704: 4682: 4656: 4610: 4595: 4580: 4571: 4533: 4524: 4515: 4506: 4397: 4364: 4355: 4346: 4323: 4314: 4290: 4267: 4244: 4235: 4205: 4182: 4101: 4078: 3950: 3941: 3932: 3923: 3871: 3848: 3825: 3804: 3778: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3663: 3633: 3624: 3615: 3582: 3573: 3564: 3555: 3546: 3537: 3528: 3471: 3424: 3415: 3389: 3380: 3371: 3353: 3344: 3335: 3326: 3317: 3308: 3299: 3290: 2668: 2450:used in the 1661 coronation of 2407:Robe of State of crimson velvet 1613:authority; for example, at the 1574:Robe of State of crimson velvet 1189: 891: 617:George's brother and successor 396:, based on the inauguration of 9802:Monarchy of the United Kingdom 8326:Benedictus (Song of Zechariah) 7812:Addresses by Privileged Bodies 6977:Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross 6207:. London: Hardy & Reckitt. 6104:(Order of the British Empire) 6091:See e.g. (Order of the Bath), 5978:. 28 April 1876. p. 2667. 5622:. The Royal Collection Trust. 5592:. The Royal Collection Trust. 5562:. The Royal Collection Trust. 5556:"Mary of Modena's Diadem 1685" 5522:. London: Hutchinson. p. 3401:. HMSO. 1953. pp. 14–17. 3235:The Scottish Historical Review 3222: 3191: 3170: 3161: 3152: 3143: 3134: 3125: 3044:, the United Kingdom's senior 2921:family in connection with the 2917:(the office being held by the 2625:Traditionally, princesses and 2550:, first worn by its namesake, 2519:Imperial Robe of purple velvet 2100:. The sovereign then dons the 2098:Imperial Robe of purple velvet 1911:Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross 1145:. The most recent was that of 818:Elizabeth II's coronation 700:, and he was conducted to the 370:Alexander III of Scotland 321:had been crowned in the first 13: 1: 9807:Culture of the United Kingdom 6982:Sovereign's Sceptre with Dove 6745:Garter Principal King of Arms 6691:Chapel Royal, Stirling Castle 5645:Ward, Victoria (3 May 2023). 5006:(37). University of Toronto. 3118: 2782: 2627:princes of the United Kingdom 2608:Mary of Modena's State Diadem 2597: 2305:Sir William Henry Harris 2227:coronation of Edward VII 2180:, court musicians, often the 1903:Sovereign's Sceptre with Dove 1799:Once seated in this chair, a 1658:The Archbishop of Canterbury: 1646:The Archbishop of Canterbury: 1642:I solemnly promise so to do. 1622:The Archbishop of Canterbury: 1578:Garter Principal King of Arms 1470:Cabinet of the United Kingdom 1460:Other participants and guests 1420:Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells 570:at Westminster, 23 April 1685 536:his 1685 coronation in London 458:Archbishop of St Andrews 289:Pontificale Romano-Germanicum 56:monarch of the United Kingdom 9507:Thanksgiving after Communion 9311:Divine Worship: Daily Office 8849:Directory for Public Worship 8822:Book of Alternative Services 8351:O God, make speed to save us 7838:Changing of The King's Guard 6843:Mary of Modena's State Crown 6822:George IV's Coronation Crown 6213:Legg, Leopold George Wickham 6102:. 25 May 1847. p. 1956. 5489:(1325): 305–307. July 1953. 5481:"Music for the Coronation". 5202:. Cassell & Co. p. 4995:P.J. Carefoote (June 2006). 4758:"Pictures of the Coronation" 4565:UK public library membership 4490:. House of Commons Library. 4391:UK public library membership 3451:UK public library membership 2937:coronation of Queen Victoria 2415:State Openings of Parliament 1857: 1729: 1428:Lord High Steward of Ireland 985:. Elizabeth I consulted her 969:. Edgar's coronation was at 841:, by then almost completely 716:, probably to represent the 704:where he spent the night in 270:at Westminster Abbey in 1399 161:to greet crowds and watch a 7: 8422:Glory to God in the highest 7653:State Opening of Parliament 6355:at the Royal Family website 6133:. Edinburgh. 13 July 2003. 5722:State Opening of Parliament 5519:Parliament Past and Present 5199:The Crown Jewels of England 4669:"Lord High Constable" 4411:. Oxford University Press. 4334:. Oxford University Press. 4278:. Oxford University Press. 4255:. Oxford University Press. 4089:. Oxford University Press. 3911:. Oxford University Press. 3885:. Oxford University Press. 3859:. Oxford University Press. 3836:. Oxford University Press. 3198:Lyall, Roderick J. (1977). 3113:List of British coronations 3091: 3070:Order of the British Empire 2801:Procession inside the Abbey 2614:to attend coronations, but 2529: 2206:for the 1661 coronation of 1947:Deus tuorum Corona fidelium 1920: 1681:State Opening of Parliament 1480:, all governors of British 1476:and prime ministers of the 1334:(in the case of a king) or 1048: 863:Statute of Westminster 1931 785:was rejected, but Sir 550:, crowned Charles instead. 313:Following the start of the 219:'s coronation in 973 AD at 175:List of British coronations 10: 9828: 9462:Communion under both kinds 9304:Divine Worship: The Missal 6905:Sword of Spiritual Justice 6372:by The Constitution Unit, 6247:Richards, Jeffrey (2001). 6218:English Coronation Records 6203:Le Hardy, William (1937). 5860:. Royal Collection Trust. 5836:. Routledge. p. 195. 5798:. Royal Collection Trust. 5234:Sir Thomas Butler (1989). 2974: 2649:An earl's coronation robes 2182:Master of the King's Music 1615:coronation of Elizabeth II 1548: 1520: 1503:coronation of Elizabeth II 1388: 329:preached a sermon against 247:, survive from before the 172: 168: 121:, of which the monarch is 9769: 9609: 9515: 9429: 9256: 9099:Feast of the Annunciation 9015: 8880: 8865:Revised Common Lectionary 8805: 8630: 8557: 8519:Great Four Anglican Hymns 8494: 8154: 8069:Mass of the Presanctified 8057:Mass of the Lord's Supper 7899: 7825: 7794: 7751: 7740: 7645: 7569: 7409: 7373: 7333: 7262: 7195: 7145: 7099: 7076: 7051: 7005: 6949: 6928: 6900:Sword of Temporal Justice 6882: 6875: 6835: 6807: 6786: 6779: 6724: 6704: 6668: 6637: 6630: 6557: 6524: 6471: 6462: 6397:47-minute documentary by 6385: 6374:University College London 6298:. London: HarperCollins. 6161:Gosling, Lucinda (2013). 6049:About the College of Arms 5726:Privilege of peerage#Robe 5586:"Queen Mary's Crown 1911" 5401:Jeffrey Richards (2001). 4972:. The National Archives. 4762:Government Art Collection 4639:"Lord High Steward" 4541:"Elizabeth I (1533–1603)" 3247:10.3366/shr.1997.76.1.115 3229:Barrow, G. W. S. (1997). 3030:India gained independence 2949:Master Carver of Scotland 2794: 2741:George, 2nd Earl Harcourt 2281:Charles Villiers Stanford 2247:Charles Villiers Stanford 1687:church government in the 1501:, was not invited to the 1194: 907: 886:coronation of Charles III 530:in 1651, but his brother 9219:Feast of Christ the King 8529:List of Anglican hymnals 6590:Edward VII and Alexandra 6570:George III and Charlotte 6484:Henry VIII and Catherine 6226:Range, Matthias (2012). 4195:British Monarchy website 2915:King or Queen's Champion 2640: 2348: 2111: 1758:Deus electorum fortitudo 1610:Coronation Oath Act 1688 542:had been abolished; the 427:After the coronation of 115:archbishop of Canterbury 9781:Christianity portal 9567:Origin of the Eucharist 9386:Liturgy of Saint Tikhon 8454:Prayer of Humble Access 8141:Nine Lessons and Carols 7843:Royal Christmas Message 6853:Queen Alexandra's Crown 6734:Great Officers of State 6696:Church of the Holy Rude 6618:Charles III and Camilla 6608:George VI and Elizabeth 6580:William IV and Adelaide 6182:Hilliam, David (2001). 5904:Encyclopædia Britannica 5545:Gosling 2013, pp. 25-26 4675:Encyclopædia Britannica 4649:Encyclopædia Britannica 4616:see the photographs in 4178:(subscription required) 4074:(subscription required) 3966:Roger A. Mason (2006). 3216:10.3366/inr.1977.28.1.3 3022:Imperial Crown of India 2965:coronation honours list 2956:coronation of George IV 2945:Grand Carver of England 2941:Chief Butler of England 2759:, edged all round with 2317:Samuel Sebastian Wesley 2313:Sir William Walton 1998:Enthronement and homage 1829:Commonwealth of England 1545:taking the oath in 1902 1468:and all members of the 1371:coronation of George IV 1312:Great Officers of State 1306:Great Officers of State 798:coronation of George VI 612:coronation of George IV 484:Church of the Holy Rude 460:had been killed at the 9431:Eucharistic discipline 9297:Book of Divine Worship 9263:Western Rite Orthodoxy 8030:Exhortation and Litany 8024:Dedication of a church 6848:Queen Adelaide's Crown 6817:George I's State Crown 6565:George II and Caroline 6409:British Movietone News 5240:. Pitkin. p. 16. 4997:"The Coronation Bible" 4623:Retrieved 19 June 2023 4607:Retrieved 19 June 2023 4592:Retrieved 19 June 2023 4546:19 August 2021 at the 4340:10.1093/ref:odnb/18335 4284:10.1093/ref:odnb/12949 4261:10.1093/ref:odnb/12950 4151:10.1093/ref:odnb/92701 4095:10.1093/ref:odnb/33370 4047:10.1093/ref:odnb/92648 3917:10.1093/ref:odnb/12953 3842:10.1093/ref:odnb/29448 3758:Simon Kershaw (2002). 3443:10.1093/ref:odnb/10541 3272:"The Coronation Chair" 3082:Lord Lyon King of Arms 2932: 2902: 2748: 2650: 2548:George IV State Diadem 2454: 2376: 2321:Ralph Vaughan Williams 2196:George Frideric Handel 2123: 2096:and is enrobed in the 2063: 2042:Gloria in excelsis Deo 2010: 1942:St Edward's Crown 1937: 1747: 1677:Bill of Rights of 1689 1669: 1602: 1586:Lord Great Chamberlain 1546: 1324:Lord Great Chamberlain 1292: 1204: 1158:in 1068; the last was 1106: 973:, William I's on 904: 877: 847:Indian Princely States 810:BBC Television Service 791:coronation of George V 765: 743:St James's Palace 737:to the abbey. For the 677: 635:St James's Palace 594:for the coronation of 580:reformation in England 571: 377: 315:Reformation in England 271: 227:and those used in the 200: 100:most recent coronation 47: 9761:Vestments controversy 9715:The Parson's Handbook 9677:Prayer Book Rebellion 9647:Choral Evensong (BBC) 9421:Stations of the Cross 8835:The Books of Homilies 8816:Book of Common Prayer 8202:General Intercessions 7963:Anointing of the sick 7927:(Vespers or Evensong) 7920:Prayer During the Day 6756:Mistress of the Robes 6479:William I and Matilda 6012:Hilliam, pp. 185–186. 5944:"Coronation banquets" 5889:Fallow, Thomas Macall 5830:John Burnett (2013). 5344:Hilliam, pp. 211–212. 5168:Hilliam, pp. 212–213. 5021:on 26 September 2011. 4716:. Crown Office. 1952. 4560:10.1093/ref:odnb/8636 4488:"The coronation oath" 4417:10.1093/ref:odnb/6765 4383:10.1093/ref:odnb/4722 3891:10.1093/ref:odnb/8518 3865:10.1093/ref:odnb/8517 3274:. Westminster Abbey. 2927: 2911:Palace of Westminster 2899:Palace of Westminster 2892: 2738: 2648: 2437: 2371: 2297:Sir George Dyson 2122: 2055: 2005: 1928: 1913:, which incorporates 1815:from an eagle-shaped 1809:Knights of the Garter 1746:used in the anointing 1737: 1673:Accession Declaration 1626:Union of South Africa 1619: 1598: 1541: 1416:Lord Bishop of Durham 1277: 1202: 1172:Caroline of Brunswick 1168:Catherine of Braganza 1100: 899: 871: 851:British Protectorates 751: 671: 561: 368: 265: 187: 35: 9662:Convergence Movement 9601:Thirty-nine Articles 9401:Personal ordinariate 9361:Ecclesiastical Latin 8405:Words of Institution 8400:Memorial Acclamation 8254:The Lord be with you 7833:Vigil of the Princes 6987:Queen Consort's Ring 6883:Processional objects 6808:Specific crowns worn 6799:Imperial State Crown 6660:Gloucester Cathedral 6655:Winchester Cathedral 6268:Rose, Tessa (1992). 5126:Royal family website 4310:on 26 November 2007. 4006:Royal family website 3699:Strong, pp. 442–444. 3681:Strong, pp. 433–435. 3579:Strong, pp. 133–135. 3525:Strong, pp. 374–375. 3167:Strong, pp. 204–206. 2991:(court) was held in 2870:. In the evening, a 2725:Orders of Knighthood 2560:Imperial State Crown 2102:Imperial State Crown 1935:Henry Charles Brewer 1534:Recognition and oath 1486:Overseas Territories 1225:Bishop of Winchester 1135:Eleanor of Aquitaine 1111:Henry the Young King 1103:Henry the Young King 1063:Kingston upon Thames 944:was fighting in the 922:Edward the Confessor 720:, where a girl blew 631:Admiral of the Fleet 546:head of government, 494:, he was crowned at 422:Bishop of St Andrews 361:Scottish coronations 243:meaning "order") or 45:Henry Charles Brewer 9726:Prayer for the dead 9694:Liturgical Movement 9667:English Reformation 9632:Anglican sacraments 9502:Spiritual Communion 9192:(some churches use 9080:Baptism of the Lord 8464:Lift up your hearts 8306:Trinitarian formula 7759:Trooping the Colour 7594:Order of succession 6761:Master of the Robes 5764:The Double Tressure 4871:. 18 January 1937. 4768:on 25 February 2016 4539:Patrick Collinson, 4472:on 9 February 2012. 4115:. 11 October 2022. 2923:Manor of Scrivelsby 2779:(without a train). 2745:Sir Joshua Reynolds 2663:order of knighthood 1954:Dean of Westminster 1606:Glorious Revolution 1590:Lord High Constable 1478:Commonwealth realms 1426:in his capacity as 1412:Dean of Westminster 1320:Lord High Constable 1243:was crowned by the 1223:was crowned by the 1156:Matilda of Flanders 997:, the feast of the 882:Commonwealth realms 855:Imperial Conference 825:Commonwealth realms 492:Union of the Crowns 490:in 1567. After the 437:Pope John XXII 404:in 574, and by the 337:, who restored the 180:English coronations 149:of their subjects. 72:European monarchies 9699:Millenary Petition 9627:Anglican devotions 9622:Anglican Communion 9562:Liturgical colours 9497:Reserved sacrament 9233:Principal Holy Day 8907:Baptismal clothing 8855:Edwardine Ordinals 8758:Processional cross 8631:Liturgical objects 8417:Collect for Purity 8227:Laying on of hands 8197:Episcopal blessing 8103:Three Hours' Agony 8074:Good Friday Prayer 8019:Churching of women 7203:Coronation chicken 6858:Queen Mary's Crown 6393:Elizabeth is Queen 6188:. Stroud: Sutton. 6112:The London Gazette 6099:The London Gazette 5975:The London Gazette 5894:"Coronation" 5748:The London Gazette 5684:The London Gazette 5462:on 24 October 2007 5456:"Coronation music" 5122:"The Crown Jewels" 5039:on 17 January 2008 4970:legislation.gov.uk 4869:The New York Times 4845:. 27 February 2023 4352:Strong, pp. 30–31. 3645:History of the BBC 3323:Thomas, pp. 54–55. 3305:Thomas, pp. 50–51. 3296:Strong, pp. 75–76. 3257:– via JSTOR. 3188:Thomas, pp. 46–47. 3149:Strong, pp. 81–82. 3140:Strong, pp. 43–44. 3046:heraldic officials 2903: 2884:Royal Horse Guards 2854:After-celebrations 2749: 2717:velvet court dress 2651: 2635:orders of chivalry 2540:cap of maintenance 2455: 2377: 2286:Gloria in excelsis 2269:Westminster School 2174:coronation anthems 2124: 2067:Closing procession 2064: 2011: 1938: 1877:, which represent 1837:Nathan the prophet 1748: 1708:Church of Scotland 1689:Church of Scotland 1547: 1488:), as well as the 1436:Westminster School 1424:Earl of Shrewsbury 1328:Groom of the Robes 1245:Bishop of Carlisle 1210:Archbishop of York 1205: 1119:Ecgfrith of Mercia 1107: 1101:The Coronation of 1089:in Paris in 1431. 905: 878: 812:, the first major 766: 678: 572: 554:Modern coronations 414:laying on of hands 378: 351:bishop of Carlisle 284:Holy Roman Emperor 272: 201: 196:in 1066, from the 48: 9789: 9788: 9652:Christian liturgy 9339:Blessed Sacrament 9286:Anglican Breviary 9258:Anglo-Catholicism 9201: 8890: 8763:Sacramental bread 8549:Voluntary (music) 8301:Sign of the cross 8281:Processional hymn 8276:Priestly Blessing 8129:Banns of marriage 7949: 7936: 7928: 7915: 7861: 7860: 7607: 7606: 7599:Coronation anthem 7218: 7217: 7209:Coronation quiche 7072: 7071: 7018:Colobium sindonis 6929:Anointing objects 6920:St Edward's Staff 6915:Sword of Offering 6871: 6870: 6794:St Edward's Crown 6740:Church of England 6720: 6719: 6712:Westminster Abbey 6645:Westminster Abbey 6626: 6625: 6595:George V and Mary 6516:James II and Mary 6326:978-90-04-16825-1 6305:978-0-00-716054-9 6281:978-0-11-701361-2 6239:978-1-107-02344-4 6195:978-0-75-092538-9 6174:978-0-74781-220-3 6167:. Oxford: Shire. 6164:Royal Coronations 6043:College of Arms. 5946:. Parliament.uk. 5843:978-1-136-09084-4 5483:The Musical Times 5308:Church of England 5247:978-0-85372-467-4 4734:(Press release). 4603:The Northern Echo 4563:(subscription or 4389:(Subscription or 4189:Royal Household. 4160:978-0-19-861412-8 4056:978-0-19-861412-8 3979:978-0-521-02620-8 3792:. BBC. 6 May 2023 3481:Westminster Abbey 3449:(Subscription or 3421:Gosling pp. 54–55 3131:Gosling, pp. 5–7. 3103:Westminster Abbey 3062:Order of the Bath 3058:Norroy and Ulster 3005:Duke of Connaught 2935:dropped from the 2860:Buckingham Palace 2755:) crimson velvet 2677:is a full-length 2556:St Edward's Crown 2465:Colobium sindonis 2440:Colobium sindonis 2364:Sovereign's robes 2292:God Save the King 2140: 1929:Crowning of King 1864:colobium sindonis 1474:governors-general 1316:Lord High Steward 1271:Bishops Assistant 1176:English Civil War 1075:Westminster Abbey 1073:, was crowned at 967:Christian holiday 963:Christian Sabbath 901:Westminster Abbey 839:British Dominions 835:governors-general 814:outside broadcast 783:gramophone record 775:Royal Opera House 462:Battle of Flodden 454:Bishop of Glasgow 410:Alexander II 205:Westminster Abbey 194:Westminster Abbey 159:Buckingham Palace 119:Church of England 68:Westminster Abbey 16:(Redirected from 9819: 9779: 9778: 9731:Reformed worship 9721:Paschal greeting 9704:Ornaments Rubric 9582:Passion of Jesus 9540:Ex opere operato 9482:Host desecration 9452:Church etiquette 9194:Pentecost Season 9191: 8884: 8807:Liturgical books 8539:Metrical psalter 8486:Ten Commandments 8469:Holy, Holy, Holy 8321:Athanasian Creed 8286:Recessional hymn 7980:Christian burial 7947: 7934: 7926: 7913: 7894:Anglican liturgy 7888: 7881: 7874: 7865: 7864: 7746: 7745: 7678:State Procession 7634: 7627: 7620: 7611: 7610: 7422:Ancient Egyptian 7410:Specific customs 7277:Coronation crown 7245: 7238: 7231: 7222: 7221: 7059:Coronation Chair 7038:Coronation glove 6972:Sovereign's Ring 6941:Coronation Spoon 6890:Ceremonial maces 6880: 6879: 6787:Principal crowns 6784: 6783: 6635: 6634: 6511:James I and Anne 6469: 6468: 6449: 6442: 6435: 6426: 6425: 6341: 6337:Coronation Rites 6330: 6309: 6285: 6274:. London: HMSO. 6264: 6243: 6222: 6208: 6199: 6178: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6142: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6103: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6073:on 2 August 2009 6069:. Archived from 6063: 6057: 6056: 6055:on 29 July 2010. 6051:. Archived from 6040: 6034: 6033: 6022: 6013: 6010: 6004: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5966: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5940: 5934: 5933: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5896: 5885: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5827: 5821: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5739: 5728: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5698: 5689: 5688: 5675: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5552: 5546: 5543: 5537: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5398: 5392: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5370: 5345: 5342: 5336: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5316: 5305: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5231: 5225: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5193: 5187: 5184: 5178: 5177:Hilliam, p. 210. 5175: 5169: 5166: 5160: 5159:Hilliam, p. 209. 5157: 5151: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5117: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5097: 5090: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5056: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5014:. Archived from 5001: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4962: 4956: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4927: 4921:. Archived from 4920: 4912: 4906: 4903: 4897: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4671: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4641: 4633: 4624: 4619:Express and Star 4614: 4608: 4599: 4593: 4584: 4578: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4537: 4531: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4513: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4483: 4474: 4473: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4433:François Velde. 4430: 4421: 4420: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4386: 4368: 4362: 4361:Woolley, p. 199. 4359: 4353: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4327: 4321: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4248: 4242: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4197:. Archived from 4186: 4180: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4031: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4017: 3997: 3984: 3983: 3963: 3957: 3954: 3948: 3945: 3939: 3936: 3930: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3904: 3895: 3894: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3811: 3810:Strong, pp. 6–7. 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3755: 3700: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3601: 3598: 3589: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3571: 3570:Richards, p. 101 3568: 3562: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3544: 3541: 3535: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3514: 3513: 3507: 3499: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3455: 3454: 3446: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3357: 3351: 3348: 3342: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3324: 3321: 3315: 3312: 3306: 3303: 3297: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3268: 3259: 3258: 3241:(201): 115–121. 3226: 3220: 3219: 3204:The Innes Review 3195: 3189: 3186: 3177: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3132: 3129: 2984:Empress of India 2907:Westminster Hall 2895:Westminster Hall 2731:Peeresses' robes 2476:Byzantine Empire 2223:Frederick Bridge 2191:Zadok the Priest 2148:Zadok the Priest 2142: 2141: 2130:Zadok the Priest 2121: 2088:, exchanges the 2078:Te Deum laudamus 2045:is sung and the 2019:Sta et retine... 2007:Elizabeth I 1852:Deus, Dei Filius 1825:Coronation Spoon 1786:Edinburgh Castle 1770:Coronation Chair 1762:Zadok the Priest 1753:Come, Holy Ghost 1744:Coronation spoon 1724:Matthew 22:15–22 1698:, including the 1696:King James Bible 1296:King Charles III 1261:Bishop of London 1241:Elizabeth I 1038:Edward VIII 849:and the various 762:their coronation 735:Westminster Hall 698:livery companies 532:James VII and II 433:Coronation Chair 390:Stone of Destiny 239:(from the Latin 209:Coronation Chair 127:British nobility 123:supreme governor 104:King Charles III 21: 9827: 9826: 9822: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9817: 9816: 9792: 9791: 9790: 9785: 9773: 9765: 9709:Oxford Movement 9642:Canonical hours 9605: 9586:salvific nature 9577:Paschal mystery 9534:Blood of Christ 9511: 9425: 9319:Anglican Missal 9276:Altar of repose 9260: 9252: 9243:Lesser Festival 9228:Principal Feast 9205:All Saints' Day 9145:Paschal Triduum 9019: 9017:Liturgical year 9011: 8876: 8828:Sunday Services 8801: 8642:communion table 8626: 8553: 8544:Service (music) 8514:Fraction anthem 8490: 8170:Apostles' Creed 8150: 8086:Solemn Collects 7925:Evening Prayer 7912:Morning Prayer 7895: 7892: 7862: 7857: 7821: 7790: 7771:Remembrance Day 7747: 7743: 7738: 7641: 7638: 7608: 7603: 7582:List of current 7565: 7459:Central African 7405: 7369: 7343: 7329: 7308:Globus cruciger 7258: 7249: 7219: 7214: 7191: 7141: 7095: 7091:Coronation Oath 7068: 7047: 7001: 6967:Sovereign's Orb 6945: 6924: 6867: 6831: 6809: 6803: 6775: 6771:King's Champion 6766:Court of Claims 6716: 6700: 6664: 6622: 6553: 6520: 6458: 6453: 6388: 6349: 6344: 6333: 6327: 6312: 6306: 6290:Strong, Sir Roy 6288: 6282: 6267: 6261: 6246: 6240: 6225: 6211: 6202: 6196: 6181: 6175: 6160: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6140: 6138: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6090: 6086: 6076: 6074: 6065: 6064: 6060: 6041: 6037: 6024: 6023: 6016: 6011: 6007: 5999: 5995: 5987: 5983: 5967: 5963: 5953: 5951: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5930: 5916: 5912: 5886: 5877: 5867: 5865: 5856: 5855: 5851: 5844: 5828: 5824: 5819: 5815: 5805: 5803: 5794: 5793: 5789: 5780: 5779: 5775: 5760: 5756: 5740: 5731: 5718: 5714: 5699: 5692: 5676: 5665: 5655: 5653: 5643: 5639: 5629: 5627: 5614: 5613: 5609: 5599: 5597: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5569: 5567: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5544: 5540: 5535: 5531: 5514: 5510: 5480: 5479: 5475: 5465: 5463: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5426: 5422: 5415: 5399: 5395: 5390: 5386: 5371: 5348: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5330: 5320: 5318: 5314: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5275: 5259: 5255: 5248: 5232: 5228: 5223: 5219: 5194: 5190: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5163: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5118: 5111: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5088: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5069: 5067: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5042: 5040: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5018: 4999: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4822: 4820: 4812: 4811: 4807: 4797: 4795: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4661: 4657: 4634: 4627: 4615: 4611: 4600: 4596: 4585: 4581: 4577:Strong, p. 337. 4576: 4572: 4562: 4548:Wayback Machine 4538: 4534: 4530:Strong, p. 205. 4529: 4525: 4521:Hilliam, p. 48. 4520: 4516: 4512:Hilliam, p. 16. 4511: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4484: 4477: 4462: 4458: 4448: 4446: 4431: 4424: 4402: 4398: 4388: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4328: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4295: 4291: 4272: 4268: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4201:on 31 May 2015. 4187: 4183: 4177: 4170: 4168: 4161: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4122: 4120: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4083: 4079: 4073: 4066: 4064: 4057: 4033: 4032: 4025: 4015: 4013: 3998: 3987: 3980: 3964: 3960: 3956:Strong, p. 212. 3955: 3951: 3946: 3942: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3905: 3898: 3879:J.R.S. Phillips 3876: 3872: 3853: 3849: 3830: 3826: 3821: 3814: 3809: 3805: 3795: 3793: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3756: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3690:Strong, p. 437. 3689: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3621:Strong, p. 433. 3620: 3616: 3612:Strong, p. 432. 3611: 3604: 3600:Strong, p. 415. 3599: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3565: 3561:Strong, p. 480. 3560: 3556: 3552:Strong, p. 470. 3551: 3547: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3529: 3524: 3517: 3501: 3500: 3496: 3476: 3472: 3468:Strong, p. 401. 3467: 3458: 3448: 3429: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3409: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3377:Gosling, p. 10. 3376: 3372: 3365:bcw-project.org 3359: 3358: 3354: 3350:Strong, p. 351. 3349: 3345: 3341:Strong, p. 257. 3340: 3336: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3270: 3269: 3262: 3227: 3223: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3180: 3176:Strong, p. 208. 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3094: 3086:George III 3074:acanthus leaves 3038: 2979: 2973: 2880:Edward VII 2864:Royal Air Force 2856: 2797: 2785: 2733: 2675:coronation robe 2671: 2655:Parliament Robe 2643: 2600: 2568: 2532: 2411:Parliament Robe 2401:Crimson surcoat 2366: 2351: 2309:Herbert Howells 2243:Arthur Sullivan 2235:Orlando Gibbons 2208:Charles II 2166: 2165: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2143: 2135: 2132: 2125: 2119: 2114: 2106:national anthem 2090:crimson surcoat 2069: 2000: 1974:Coronet te Deus 1963:Tower of London 1923: 1915:Cullinan I 1860: 1813:consecrated oil 1794:Perth City Hall 1732: 1720:1 Peter 2:13–17 1582:Lord Chancellor 1570:crimson surcoat 1553: 1536: 1523: 1462: 1405:Henry VIII 1401:Richard II 1397:Court of Claims 1393: 1391:Grand Serjeanty 1387: 1375:William IV 1308: 1288: 1273: 1217:Benedict X 1197: 1192: 1180:Oliver Cromwell 1164:Charles II 1095: 1081:was crowned at 1051: 995:St George's Day 910: 894: 861:. By 1937, the 827: 726:Charles II 710:public conduits 702:Tower of London 682:Richard II 666: 646:crowned in 1838 556: 520:Charles II 450:Stirling Castle 363: 355:Owen Oglethorpe 341:rite. In 1559, 317:, the boy king 249:Norman Conquest 198:Bayeux Tapestry 182: 177: 171: 66:and crowned at 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9825: 9815: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9783: 9770: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9751:Thomas Cranmer 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9689:Latitudinarian 9686: 9681: 9680: 9679: 9674: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9613: 9611: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9579: 9574: 9564: 9559: 9552: 9550:means of grace 9543: 9536: 9527: 9521: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9492:Open communion 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9446:Versus populum 9435: 9433: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9366:English Missal 9363: 9358: 9353: 9352: 9351: 9346: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9315: 9314: 9307: 9300: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9267: 9265: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9224: 9223: 9222: 9221: 9215:Stir-up Sunday 9212: 9207: 9184: 9183: 9182: 9177: 9165: 9164: 9163: 9142: 9130: 9129: 9128: 9123: 9121:Passion Sunday 9118: 9116:Laetare Sunday 9113: 9101: 9096: 9089: 9088: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9065: 9064: 9063: 9058: 9046: 9045: 9044: 9042:Gaudete Sunday 9039: 9026: 9024: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8977:Pectoral cross 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8912:Canterbury cap 8909: 8904: 8899: 8893: 8891: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8874: 8869: 8868: 8867: 8857: 8852: 8845: 8842:Common Worship 8838: 8831: 8824: 8819: 8811: 8809: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8777:Sanctuary lamp 8774: 8769: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8691: 8689:Baptismal font 8686: 8681: 8676: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8634: 8632: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8573: 8572: 8561: 8559: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8504:Anglican chant 8500: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8472: 8471: 8466: 8456: 8451: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8434: 8429: 8427:Holy Communion 8424: 8419: 8414: 8412:Bidding-prayer 8409: 8408: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8377: 8373: 8372: 8365: 8360: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8314: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8267: 8266: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8245: 8244: 8239: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8183: 8182: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8158: 8156: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8137: 8136: 8131: 8121: 8120: 8119: 8118: 8117: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8094: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8082: 8081: 8066: 8065: 8064: 8054: 8049: 8038: 8033: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8005: 8004: 7994: 7989: 7988: 7987: 7977: 7976: 7975: 7973:Minor exorcism 7965: 7960: 7955: 7951: 7950: 7939: 7938: 7930: 7922: 7917: 7909: 7903: 7901: 7897: 7896: 7891: 7890: 7883: 7876: 7868: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7829: 7827: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7781:Garden parties 7778: 7773: 7768: 7767: 7766: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7748: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7725: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7697:State funerals 7694: 7693: 7692: 7682: 7681: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7649: 7647: 7643: 7642: 7637: 7636: 7629: 7622: 7614: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7585: 7584: 7573: 7571: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7563: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7479: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7425: 7424: 7413: 7411: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7377: 7375: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7268: 7266: 7260: 7259: 7248: 7247: 7240: 7233: 7225: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7212: 7206: 7199: 7197: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7173: 7172: 7162: 7161: 7160: 7149: 7147: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7103: 7101: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7080: 7078: 7074: 7073: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7066: 7064:Stone of Scone 7061: 7055: 7053: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7009: 7007: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6953: 6951: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6932: 6930: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6910:Sword of Mercy 6907: 6902: 6897: 6895:Sword of State 6892: 6886: 6884: 6877: 6873: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6839: 6837: 6836:Consort crowns 6833: 6832: 6830: 6829: 6827:Diamond Diadem 6824: 6819: 6813: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6796: 6790: 6788: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6747: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6714: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6681:Holyrood Abbey 6678: 6672: 6670: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6641: 6639: 6632: 6628: 6627: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6561: 6559: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6545: 6544: 6534: 6528: 6526: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6481: 6475: 6473: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6452: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6419:Lord Wakehurst 6412: 6402: 6387: 6384: 6383: 6382: 6376: 6367: 6362: 6356: 6348: 6347:External links 6345: 6343: 6342: 6331: 6325: 6310: 6304: 6286: 6280: 6265: 6259: 6244: 6238: 6223: 6215:, ed. (1901). 6209: 6200: 6194: 6179: 6173: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6118: 6084: 6058: 6035: 6026:"King of Arms" 6014: 6005: 5993: 5981: 5961: 5935: 5928: 5910: 5899:Chisholm, Hugh 5875: 5849: 5842: 5822: 5813: 5787: 5773: 5754: 5729: 5712: 5690: 5663: 5637: 5607: 5577: 5547: 5538: 5529: 5508: 5495:10.2307/933633 5473: 5447: 5420: 5413: 5393: 5391:Range, p. 282. 5384: 5346: 5337: 5328: 5292: 5274:978-0812232639 5273: 5253: 5246: 5226: 5217: 5188: 5179: 5170: 5161: 5152: 5143: 5109: 5077: 5051: 5024: 4987: 4957: 4948: 4939: 4928:on 10 May 2017 4907: 4898: 4889: 4856: 4830: 4805: 4779: 4749: 4719: 4703: 4700:on 8 May 2009. 4681: 4666:, ed. (1911). 4664:Chisholm, Hugh 4655: 4644:Chisholm, Hugh 4625: 4609: 4594: 4579: 4570: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4475: 4456: 4422: 4396: 4363: 4354: 4345: 4322: 4313: 4298:J.J. Spigelman 4289: 4266: 4243: 4241:Strong, p. 72. 4234: 4204: 4181: 4159: 4130: 4100: 4077: 4055: 4023: 3985: 3978: 3958: 3949: 3947:Strong, p. 43. 3940: 3938:Strong, p. 36. 3931: 3929:Gosling, p. 5. 3922: 3896: 3870: 3847: 3824: 3822:Strong, p. 38. 3812: 3803: 3777: 3701: 3692: 3683: 3674: 3662: 3632: 3623: 3614: 3602: 3590: 3581: 3572: 3563: 3554: 3545: 3536: 3527: 3515: 3494: 3470: 3456: 3423: 3414: 3407: 3388: 3386:Strong, p. 244 3379: 3370: 3352: 3343: 3334: 3325: 3316: 3314:Thomas, p. 53. 3307: 3298: 3289: 3260: 3221: 3190: 3178: 3169: 3160: 3158:Strong, p. 84. 3151: 3142: 3133: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3093: 3090: 3037: 3034: 3018:imperial crown 2975:Main article: 2972: 2969: 2855: 2852: 2825:Scottish dress 2796: 2793: 2784: 2781: 2732: 2729: 2685:, with a full 2670: 2667: 2642: 2639: 2612:dowager queens 2599: 2596: 2572:queens consort 2567: 2564: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2523:Roman Emperors 2516: 2513:Purple surcoat 2504: 2503: 2498:– a gold silk 2489: 2486:Pallium Regale 2479: 2469: 2432: 2431: 2428:Anointing gown 2419: 2418: 2404: 2365: 2362: 2357:London Gazette 2350: 2347: 2333:, the English 2265:Thomas Attwood 2216:Charles I 2212:Thomas Tomkins 2200:George II 2156: 2144: 2133: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2117: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2094:purple surcoat 2074:Sword of Mercy 2068: 2065: 2035:If there is a 1999: 1996: 1961:echo from the 1922: 1919: 1889:on top of the 1859: 1856: 1790:First Minister 1778:Stone of Scone 1774:anointing gown 1731: 1728: 1712:Holy Communion 1549:Main article: 1535: 1532: 1528:Holy Communion 1522: 1519: 1490:heads of state 1482:Crown Colonies 1466:prime minister 1461: 1458: 1454:Cabinet Office 1386: 1383: 1307: 1304: 1272: 1269: 1237:Thomas Cranmer 1221:Edward II 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1184:Lord Protector 1123:Offa of Mercia 1094: 1091: 1087:king of France 1079:Henry III 1071:Harold II 1065:, London, and 1050: 1047: 1034:Lady Jane Grey 1019:George VI 1007:George IV 950:Edward II 930:William I 909: 906: 893: 890: 831:British Empire 826: 823: 787:Benjamin Stone 686:City of London 665: 662: 658:British Empire 650:William Howley 623:his coronation 568:Mary of Modena 555: 552: 504:Holyrood Abbey 500:Charles I 456:, because the 362: 359: 345:underwent the 327:Thomas Cranmer 298:Edward II 266:Coronation of 188:Coronation of 181: 178: 170: 167: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9824: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9771: 9768: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9716: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9684:John Merbecke 9682: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9669: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9657:Churchmanship 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9614: 9612: 9608: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9591:Real presence 9589: 9587: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9572: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9557: 9553: 9551: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9541: 9537: 9535: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9518: 9514: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9447: 9442: 9441: 9437: 9436: 9434: 9432: 9428: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9376:Hymns to Mary 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9313: 9312: 9308: 9306: 9305: 9301: 9299: 9298: 9294: 9293: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9259: 9255: 9249: 9248:Commemoration 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9225: 9220: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9199: 9195: 9190: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9172: 9171: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9157:Holy Saturday 9154: 9150: 9149:Holy Thursday 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9137: 9136: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9111:Ash Wednesday 9109: 9108: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9072: 9071: 9070: 9066: 9062: 9061:Midnight Mass 9059: 9057: 9054: 9053: 9052: 9051: 9050:Christmastide 9047: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9037:Advent Sunday 9035: 9034: 9033: 9032: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9023: 9018: 9014: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8894: 8892: 8888: 8883: 8879: 8873: 8870: 8866: 8863: 8862: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8850: 8846: 8844: 8843: 8839: 8837: 8836: 8832: 8830: 8829: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8817: 8813: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8804: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8698:Communion cup 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8643: 8639: 8636: 8635: 8633: 8629: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8571: 8568: 8567: 8566: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8556: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8493: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8476:Sign of peace 8474: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8461: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8382: 8381: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8358: 8357:Phos hilarion 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8346:Nunc dimittis 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317:Divine Office 8316: 8315: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8260: 8259:Lord's Prayer 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8234: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8181: 8178: 8177: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8153: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8125: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8111: 8110: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8080: 8077: 8076: 8075: 8072: 8071: 8070: 8067: 8063: 8060: 8059: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8003: 8000: 7999: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7986: 7983: 7982: 7981: 7978: 7974: 7971: 7970: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7958:Advent wreath 7956: 7953: 7952: 7946: 7945: 7941: 7940: 7937: 7933:Night Prayer 7931: 7929: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7889: 7884: 7882: 7877: 7875: 7870: 7869: 7866: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7824: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7793: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7765: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7735: 7734:Kissing hands 7732: 7730: 7727: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7699: 7698: 7695: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7686: 7683: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7644: 7635: 7630: 7628: 7623: 7621: 7616: 7615: 7612: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7339: 7336: 7335: 7332: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7246: 7241: 7239: 7234: 7232: 7227: 7226: 7223: 7210: 7207: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7166: 7163: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7154: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7085:Liber Regalis 7082: 7081: 7079: 7075: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7050: 7044: 7043:Imperial Robe 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7013:Robe of State 7011: 7010: 7008: 7004: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6948: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6927: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6874: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6834: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6806: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6785: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6556: 6550: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6450: 6445: 6443: 6438: 6436: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6420: 6416: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6399:British Pathé 6396: 6394: 6390: 6389: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6339: 6338: 6332: 6328: 6322: 6318: 6317: 6311: 6307: 6301: 6297: 6296: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6277: 6273: 6272: 6266: 6262: 6260:0-7190-6143-1 6256: 6252: 6251: 6245: 6241: 6235: 6231: 6230: 6224: 6220: 6219: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6187: 6186: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6166: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6122: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6088: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6039: 6031: 6027: 6021: 6019: 6009: 6002: 5997: 5990: 5985: 5977: 5976: 5971: 5965: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5931: 5929:1-84188-073-6 5925: 5921: 5914: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5863: 5859: 5853: 5845: 5839: 5835: 5834: 5826: 5820:Rose, p. 129. 5817: 5801: 5797: 5791: 5783: 5777: 5769: 5765: 5758: 5750: 5749: 5744: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5727: 5723: 5716: 5709:(1): 289–293. 5708: 5704: 5697: 5695: 5686: 5685: 5680: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5652: 5651:The Telegraph 5648: 5641: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5581: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5551: 5542: 5536:Rose, p. 100. 5533: 5525: 5521: 5520: 5512: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5477: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5424: 5416: 5414:0-7190-6143-1 5410: 5406: 5405: 5397: 5388: 5381:(1): 271–280. 5380: 5376: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5341: 5335:Gosling p. 42 5332: 5313: 5309: 5302: 5296: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5266: 5265: 5257: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5230: 5224:Gosling p. 40 5221: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5192: 5183: 5174: 5165: 5156: 5150:Legg p. xxxix 5147: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5116: 5114: 5098:on 2 May 2005 5094: 5087: 5081: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4955:Strong p. 258 4952: 4946:Strong p. 488 4943: 4924: 4917: 4911: 4905:Gosling, p. 5 4902: 4896:Strong, 28–29 4893: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4819: 4815: 4809: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4715: 4714: 4707: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4677: 4676: 4670: 4665: 4659: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4632: 4630: 4622: 4620: 4613: 4606: 4604: 4598: 4591: 4589: 4583: 4574: 4566: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4542: 4536: 4527: 4518: 4509: 4493: 4489: 4482: 4480: 4471: 4467: 4460: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4427: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4367: 4358: 4349: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4326: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4293: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4270: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4238: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4185: 4166: 4162: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4081: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4048: 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3232: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3185: 3183: 3173: 3164: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3128: 3124: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3042:Kings of Arms 3036:Kings of Arms 3033: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3009:George V 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2931: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2868:consort crown 2865: 2861: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2837:morning dress 2834: 2833:evening dress 2828: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2721:evening dress 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2647: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2459: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2423: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2397: 2396: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2374: 2370: 2361: 2359: 2358: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2326: 2325:Healey Willan 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2288: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2276: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239:Henry Purcell 2236: 2232: 2231:Thomas Tallis 2228: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2164: 2162: 2150: 2149: 2131: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2037:queen consort 2033: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2008: 2004: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1943: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1782:Edward I 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1552: 1544: 1540: 1531: 1529: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1484:(now British 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1448:For the 2023 1446: 1444: 1443: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1392: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1303: 1301: 1300:Queen Camilla 1297: 1291: 1286: 1282: 1276: 1268: 1266: 1265:Henry Compton 1262: 1258: 1257:James II 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1229:Edward I 1226: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1201: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1149:and his wife 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1127:queen consort 1124: 1120: 1116: 1115:Henry II 1112: 1104: 1099: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1046: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1030:Edward V 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 983:Ascension Day 980: 976: 975:Christmas Day 972: 968: 964: 959: 958:Henry VI 955: 951: 947: 946:Ninth Crusade 943: 942:Edward I 939: 938:Berkhampstead 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 902: 898: 889: 887: 883: 876:(May, 6 2023) 875: 870: 866: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 822: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 794: 792: 788: 784: 780: 779:Covent Garden 776: 771: 763: 759: 755: 750: 746: 744: 740: 736: 731: 727: 723: 719: 718:New Jerusalem 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 675: 670: 661: 659: 653: 651: 647: 643: 638: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 615: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 592:Henry Compton 589: 585: 581: 577: 576:Liber Regalis 569: 565: 560: 551: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 516:High Anglican 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 476:James VI 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 442: 438: 434: 430: 425: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 375: 371: 367: 358: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 311: 309: 308: 307:Liber Regalis 303: 299: 295: 291: 290: 285: 281: 277: 269: 264: 260: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 213:Saint Dunstan 210: 206: 199: 195: 191: 186: 176: 166: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 134: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 111: 109: 108:Queen Camilla 105: 101: 95: 93: 92: 87: 86: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 19: 9713: 9596:Receptionism 9554: 9538: 9525:Black Rubric 9477:Genuflection 9444: 9438: 9371:Humeral veil 9309: 9302: 9295: 9291:Anglican Use 9197: 9193: 9186: 9167: 9132: 9103: 9091: 9069:Epiphanytide 9067: 9048: 9029: 8847: 8840: 8833: 8826: 8814: 8797:Wedding ring 8570:altar server 8558:Participants 8534:Mass (music) 8432:Nicene Creed 8367: 8355: 8112: 8108:Easter Vigil 8079:for the Jews 8062:Foot washing 8028: 8013: 8009:Consecration 7997:Confirmation 7942: 7907:Daily Office 7776:Royal Maundy 7722:Elizabeth II 7684: 7558: 7438: 7386:the Americas 7374:By continent 7360:Enthronement 7307: 7282:Crown jewels 7256:enthronement 7182:Elizabeth II 7170:Police Medal 7158:Police Medal 7083: 6752:of the Realm 6726:Participants 6613:Elizabeth II 6602: 6455: 6407:newsreel by 6392: 6336: 6315: 6294: 6270: 6249: 6228: 6217: 6204: 6184: 6163: 6154:Bibliography 6139:. Retrieved 6131:The Scotsman 6130: 6121: 6110: 6097: 6087: 6075:. Retrieved 6071:the original 6061: 6053:the original 6048: 6038: 6029: 6008: 6000: 5996: 5988: 5984: 5973: 5964: 5952:. Retrieved 5938: 5919: 5913: 5902: 5866:. Retrieved 5852: 5832: 5825: 5816: 5804:. Retrieved 5790: 5776: 5767: 5763: 5757: 5746: 5724:. See also: 5715: 5706: 5702: 5682: 5654:. Retrieved 5650: 5640: 5628:. Retrieved 5619: 5610: 5598:. Retrieved 5589: 5580: 5568:. Retrieved 5559: 5550: 5541: 5532: 5518: 5511: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5464:. Retrieved 5460:the original 5450: 5433: 5429: 5423: 5403: 5396: 5387: 5378: 5374: 5340: 5331: 5319:. Retrieved 5307: 5295: 5283:. Retrieved 5263: 5256: 5236: 5229: 5220: 5198: 5191: 5186:Legg p. xlvi 5182: 5173: 5164: 5155: 5146: 5134:. Retrieved 5125: 5100:. Retrieved 5093:the original 5080: 5068:. Retrieved 5054: 5041:. Retrieved 5037:the original 5027: 5016:the original 5003: 4990: 4978:. Retrieved 4969: 4960: 4951: 4942: 4930:. 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Retrieved 3644: 3635: 3626: 3617: 3584: 3575: 3566: 3557: 3548: 3539: 3530: 3480: 3473: 3432: 3426: 3417: 3397: 3391: 3382: 3373: 3364: 3355: 3346: 3337: 3328: 3319: 3310: 3301: 3292: 3280:. Retrieved 3238: 3234: 3224: 3207: 3203: 3193: 3172: 3163: 3154: 3145: 3136: 3127: 3077: 3039: 2982: 2980: 2977:Delhi Durbar 2961:Fleet Review 2953: 2933: 2928: 2904: 2857: 2849: 2845: 2841:lounge suits 2829: 2827:to be worn. 2798: 2786: 2770: 2750: 2694: 2691: 2683:miniver pure 2672: 2669:Peers' robes 2652: 2624: 2601: 2569: 2533: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2495: 2491: 2485: 2481: 2471: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2378: 2355: 2352: 2343:Jubilate Deo 2342: 2328: 2301:Gordon Jacob 2290: 2284: 2272: 2258: 2255:Hubert Parry 2251:John Stainer 2220: 2189: 2170:choral music 2167: 2158: 2146: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2070: 2056: 2040: 2034: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2012: 1987: 1982: 1973: 1971: 1951: 1946: 1939: 1933:in 1937, by 1895:Crown Jewels 1890: 1886: 1882: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1861: 1851: 1845: 1843:the priest. 1833:King Solomon 1798: 1773: 1766:crimson robe 1765: 1761: 1757: 1751: 1749: 1716:Nicene Creed 1693: 1685:Presbyterian 1670: 1664: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1638: 1621: 1620: 1603: 1599: 1594:Earl Marshal 1573: 1569: 1567: 1560: 1554: 1524: 1495: 1463: 1447: 1440: 1409: 1394: 1347:Cinque Ports 1340: 1309: 1293: 1278: 1274: 1206: 1190:Participants 1143:Mary II 1108: 1052: 1027: 1003: 1001:of England. 999:patron saint 918:Jesus Christ 914:King Edgar's 911: 892:Preparations 879: 859:Home Nations 828: 795: 767: 730:Samuel Pepys 679: 654: 639: 616: 584:antiquarians 575: 573: 543: 522:underwent a 512:Presbyterian 474: 446:James V 429:John Balliol 426: 379: 312: 305: 301: 287: 276:Henry I 273: 240: 236: 202: 155:royal family 135: 112: 96: 89: 83: 80:enthronement 76:inauguration 49: 29: 9741:Rood screen 9617:Agape feast 9571:Last Supper 9440:Ad orientem 9406:Roman Canon 9381:Last Gospel 9349:Benediction 9210:Kingdomtide 9198:Trinitytide 9196:instead of 9188:Trinitytide 9153:Good Friday 9140:Palm Sunday 9126:Passiontide 8962:Geneva gown 8937:Choir dress 8922:Cassock-alb 8723:Evangeliary 8684:Aspergillum 8647:Antependium 8249:Let us pray 8222:Lamb of God 8180:O Antiphons 8052:Chrism Mass 7992:Commination 7802:Swan upping 7795:Traditional 7365:Investiture 7187:Charles III 7028:Stole Royal 7023:Supertunica 6810:by monarchs 6686:Kelso Abbey 6676:Scone Abbey 6603:(abandoned) 6600:Edward VIII 6506:Elizabeth I 6141:12 February 6107:"No. 32781" 6094:"No. 20737" 5970:"No. 24319" 5954:14 February 5743:"No. 39709" 5679:"No. 39709" 4792:Vanity Fair 4191:"Accession" 3054:Clarenceaux 3007:. In 1911, 3001:Lord Lytton 2987:in 1876. A 2878:. 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Oremus. 3453:required.) 3119:References 3013:Queen Mary 2839:, or dark 2805:full-dress 2697:full-dress 2616:Queen Mary 2482:Robe Royal 2452:Charles II 2389:Robe Royal 2260:I was glad 2161:media help 2082:Robe Royal 2049:is given. 1988:Confortare 1909:, and the 1907:Holy Ghost 1883:Robe Royal 1665:The Queen: 1652:The Queen: 1640:The Queen: 1562:I was glad 1543:Edward VII 1511:Queen Mary 1442:I was glad 1389:See also: 1355:New Romney 1247:(to whose 1083:Gloucester 1067:Winchester 987:astrologer 981:'s was on 965:, or on a 843:autonomous 758:Queen Mary 690:lord mayor 627:Half Crown 619:William IV 608:George III 540:episcopacy 498:. 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