1377:
to stop petty corruption. If an officer can be identified, he or she is less likely to ask for a bribe. Transparency
International Russia also monitors the income statements of Russian public officials with the help of students and publishes the results and monitored the use of 600 million rubles (US$ 19 million) of public funds to socially oriented NGOs, and found several cases of conflict of interests. It provided analysis and recommendations on making this process more transparent and accountable. the NGO works cooperatively with all individuals and groups, with for-profit and not-for-profit corporations and organisations, and with bodies committed to the fight against corruption. It undertakes professional analysis and papers on corruption-related issues trying to explain the reasons of the spread of corruption, its political and social implications and trying to analyse the possible scenarios for the future.
1292:
1385:
interaction with state officials involved paying a fee to the clerks, and such fees, although technically illegal, were so common and commonly accepted as to be entered in the account books alongside other operational expenses. On the other hand, these ‘routine’ payments were really quite small, especially if apportioned on a per capita basis among the entire commune ... Such fees appear to have been largely customary in nature, a part of the traditional economy of gift-giving, demonstrating respect, and maintaining informal relationships (‘good disposition’). Yet, even such a low level of per capita extraction would have allowed key district officials to amass significant amounts, at a very minimum tripling their salaries."
1229:, introduced in 2010. The central organ in the campaign is the Anti-Corruption Council, established in 2008. Medvedev has made fighting corruption one of the top agendas of his presidency. In the first meeting of the Council on 30 September 2008, Medvedev said: "I will repeat one simple, but very painful thing. Corruption in our country has become rampant. It has become commonplace and characterises the life of the Russian society." In 2022, international commitments which helped reform national legislation are getting dropped, since in 2022 Russia initiated its withdrawal from the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption and the participation of civil society in combat against corruption consistently get closed.
1241:. This articles 13.3 of the Anti-corruption Law requires organizations to develop and implement anti-corruption measures such as (i) appointing a specific department or an official to be responsible for preventing corruption and related offences; (ii) cooperating with enforcement authorities; (iii) developing and implementing standards and procedures for ethical business practices; (iv) establishing an ethical code of conduct for personnel; (v) preventing and resolving conflicts of interest; and (vi) preventing the filing of false or off-the-record reports and the use of forged documents. Russia also joined the
1080:
Rosstat's estimates, corruption in 2011 amounted to only 3.5 to 7% of GDP. In comparison, some independent experts maintain that corruption consumes as much of 25% of Russia's GDP. There is also an interesting shift in the main focus of bribery: whereas previously officials took bribes to shut their eyes to legal infractions, they now take them simply to perform their duties. Many experts admit that since the 2010s, corruption in Russia has become a business. In the 1990s, businessmen had to pay different criminal groups to provide a "
1233:
defined conflict of interest in connection to public officials and extended anti-corruption legislation to the military. The last modification to the
Federal Anti-Corruption Law No. 273 was made in December 2012 and it was implemented on 1 January 2013. By upgrading the Anti-Corruption Law with Article 13.3, Russia has made a significant step towards strengthening the framework of its anti-corruption legislation, aligning it with the best practices recognized on the international level, such as the 2010
1088:
the 2010s, the reaction to corruption has changed: starting from Putin's second term, very few corruption cases have been the subject of outrage. Putin's system is remarkable for its ubiquitous and open merging of the civil service and business, as well as its use of relatives, friends, and acquaintances to benefit from budgetary expenditures and take over state property. Corporate, property, and land raiding is commonplace. The result has been one of a normalization of corruption.
5986:
3453:
3463:
1401:
30:
5996:
1368:. Nozdrinov addressed corruption by local authorities on his YouTube channel and denied posting a photo from Ukraine. His lawyer Olesya Panyuzheva said the case against Nozdrinov showed that "anyone who … has a public activity, uncovers crimes and wrongdoings of corrupt police officers and representatives of the court and other law enforcement agencies, can be put behind bars."
1053:. According to the Russian Interior Ministry's Department for Combating Economic Crimes, the average bribe amounted to 9,000 rubles in 2008; 23,000 rubles in 2009; 61,000 rubles in 2010; and 236,000 rubles in 2011—making the average bribe in 2011 26 times greater than the average bribe in 2008, many times the inflation rate for the same period.
1259:
This is the reason why the "de-offshorization" policy endorsed by
President Putin in 2012 and 2013 (after the Cyprus Affaire) is often considered to be a new anti-corruption measure. The government's recent initiatives for gradually strengthening control over financial operations of organisations and citizens have been the subject of The
1057:
its lowest score ever. For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked first), the average score was 43, and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180). For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among
Eastern European and Central Asian countries was 53, the average score was 35 and the lowest score was 18.
1205:
securities, as well as financial liabilities. The implementation of the decree, which formed the basis of the laws on combating corruption and on civil service, was vested in the presidential control directorate. Russia passed the first package of anti-corruption laws in 2008 in response to its ratification of the UN's
1127:
1376:
Transparency
International Russia's report from 2012 shows a variety of activities that give citizens a chance to monitor corruption. It collaborated with the Youth Human Rights movement on a large-scale campaign in 20 cities to check police officers' identification tags. This is a proactive exercise
1232:
In 2012, the government adopted a new law requiring public servants and employees of state organisations to disclose their source of funds and both their and their families’ acquisitions of property, including real estate, securities, stock, and vehicles. The legislation has also, for the first time,
1087:
In the end, the
Russian population pays for this corruption. For example, some experts believe that the rapid increases in tariffs for housing, water, gas and electricity, which significantly outpace the rate of inflation, are a direct result of high volumes of corruption at the highest levels. Since
1380:
On 9 December 2014 Novosti agency reported that the head of the
National Anti-Corruption Committee Kirill Kabanov admitted on air that a third of Russian officials were corrupt. As of 2015, Russian officials are periodically accused of spending on luxury cars, mansions or clothes worth significantly
1275:
Russian
President Vladimir Putin approved a new national anti-corruption plan for the period from 2014 to 2015. The president ordered executive and legislative authorities by 1 July 2014 to make relevant amendments to their anti-corruption plans and to ensure control over their execution. A relevant
1317:
This nongovernmental organization throughout its existence has carried out several investigations and has presented different reports with regard to the involvement of high-level officials in corruption. However, these materials have been neglected by the criminal justice system and have only been
1056:
The 2023 Corruption
Perceptions Index scored the public sectors of 180 countries on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean") and then ranked those countries by score. The country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. Russia ranked 141st with a score of 26,
1258:
as the stolen assets of a corrupt public official are useless unless they are placed, layered, and integrated into the global financial network. The proceeds of corruption may be laundered in jurisdictions without strict anti-money laundering measures and in countries with strict banking secrecy.
1075:
name law-enforcement agencies (including the State
Traffic Safety Inspectorate) as the most corrupt sphere in Russia, which is followed by healthcare, education, housing and communal services, and social security services. At the government level, however, the five top areas for corruption are as
1013:
and the rise of Russia coincided with the illegal dispersal of the equivalent of billions of dollars from the Soviet state treasury into private accounts across Europe and the U.S. This was done by elites from "every corner" of the Soviet system using knowledge of Western banking developed by the
1384:
A 2018 study of state corruption in Russia during the 1750s–1830s found that "as far as we could tell on the basis of our sample of records, the volume of resources extracted from the population through ‘routine’ corruption appears to have been surprisingly low." The authors write, "every little
1204:
issued a decree entitled "The fight against corruption in the public service". This document prohibited officials from engaging in business activities. Moreover, state employees were required to provide information about their income, personal property and real estate holdings, bank deposits and
1079:
Estimates of the cost of corruption in Russia vary. According to official government statistics from Rosstat, the "shadow economy" occupied only 15% of Russia's GDP in 2011, and this included unreported salaries (to avoid taxes and social payments) and other types of tax evasion. According to
1309:
Navalny frequently publicized problems with the corrupt apparatus loyal to Putin. He and the Anti-Corruption Foundation have a large Russian social media presence, which, along with the general lack of interest in social media involvement from the Russian Government, brings this part of the
1266:
The most important amendments for businesses are those that modify the regulation of banking activity. The amendments considerably affect credit organizations, which would most likely be required to amend their internal anti-money laundering policies and procedures for the identification of
1263:("Rosfinmonitoring"). A law was passed on 30 June 2013, which introduced legal amendments aimed at increasing the transparency of currency transactions and strengthening anti-money laundering measures in Russia. The law increases control over financial operations of businesses and citizens.
1091:
Some scholars argue that the establishment in Russia of an authoritarian regime and a hierarchical society based on the state-corporatist economy, where the diffusion of corrupt practices is one of the indispensable mechanisms for the maintenance of the entire system of power, represents a
1217:". The decree "On Anti-Corruption Measures" was signed by President Dmitry Medvedev in May of that year. Since then, numerous changes have been implemented to the Russia's anti-corruption legislation with the purpose of combating bribery and improving its business climate. The
1942:"STATEMENT OF RICHARD L. PALMER, PRESIDENT OF CACHET INTERNATIONAL, INC. ON THE INFILTRATION OF THE WESTERN FINANCIAL SYSTEM BY ELEMENTS OF RUSSIAN ORGANIZED CRIME BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICES ON SEPTEMBER 21, 1999"
1245:
in 2012 and has the G20 Presidency in 2013, where fighting corruption is one of three main issues on the agenda. Companies should therefore actively ensure that they stay compliant with the new amendment to the Anti-Corruption Law.
1334:
at the time of release. The film estimates that $ 1.2 billion was embezzled by Dmitry Medvedev. The video received about 1.5 million views in its first day. A week after, this surged to 7 million, exceeding the result of
3418:
1443:
Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
1388:
The Russian Prosecutor General Office reported that of the persons convicted for corruption in 2017, the number of law enforcement functionaries and parliamentaries (nearly 2,200 persons) constituted over 11%.
1755:
Corruption is endemic in Russia. With a score of just 29 out of 100, Russia is the lowest-ranking country in Europe and a 'country to watch' on Transparency International's 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index.
3428:
1071:, the Kremlin chief of staff, the most corrupt spheres in Russia (in terms of household corruption) are healthcare, education, housing and communal services. In comparison, independent experts from
3342:
1084:" (literally, a "roof", i.e., protection). Nowadays, this "protective" function is performed by officials. Corrupt hierarchies characterize different sectors of the economy, including education.
2451:
1214:
1267:
customers. They allow the bankers to demand disclosure of the transaction purpose from the client. However, doing so can impede the conduct of business, including potential delay in payments.
3387:
2513:
1178:
4414:
3823:
1221:
is an ongoing effort by the Russian government to curb corruption, which has been recognized as one of Russia's most serious problems. Central documents in the campaign include the
3423:
1306:. Its main goal is to investigate and to expose corruption cases among high-ranking Russian government officials, which they have been successfully doing for the last few years.
3838:
3790:
3382:
5566:
5406:
2567:
2149:
Osipian, Ararat. (2012). "Loyalty as Rent: Corruption and Politicization of Russian Universities." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 32(3/4), pp. 153-167.
5817:
3795:
3647:
3392:
2689:
5355:
3800:
3257:
1122:
2074:
2390:"«Это синоним коррупции в армии». Арестован бывший заместитель министра обороны Дмитрий Булгаков, курировавший всё материально-техническое обеспечение российской армии"
3717:
3828:
3433:
1586:
Gerber, Theodore P.; Mendelson, Sarah E. (March 2008). "Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing?".
1022:. Palmer described it as if in the United States, "the majority of the members at Congress as well as by the Departments of Justice and Treasury, and agents of the
1165:
3848:
3833:
3780:
3377:
3818:
5383:
3525:
2719:
1076:
follows: government contracts and purchases; issuance of permits and certificates; law-enforcement agencies; land distribution and land relations; construction.
1064:'s second term as president, Russia's rank in the Corruption Perceptions Index deteriorated from 90th place in 2004 to 126th place in 2005—a drop of 36 places.
3843:
3672:
3397:
1146:
928:
4938:
3662:
3438:
3292:
5812:
3277:
2415:"Арестован бывший замминистра обороны России Дмитрий Булгаков Это снова дело о коррупции. В пайках военных «мясо говядины заменялось свининой и курятиной»"
5345:
4631:
2831:
5822:
5751:
5432:
4248:
2439:
202:
1889:
1101:
5827:
5761:
2641:
1941:
1153:
5247:
2865:
2758:
2215:
1414:
1291:
2170:
5417:
4036:
1738:
1496:
1260:
1206:
965:. The phenomenon of corruption is strongly established in the historical model of public governance, and attributed to general weakness of
152:
2966:
5756:
5320:
4128:
2298:
Osipian, Ararat. (2012). "Who is Guilty and What to Do? Popular Opinion and Public Discourse of Corruption in Russian Higher Education."
2914:
5437:
5337:
4088:
1160:
921:
5807:
5781:
5391:
3044:
2517:
2414:
2563:
5802:
5378:
5013:
5350:
4550:
4455:
4370:
3897:
3367:
2697:
5254:
4671:
3499:
2159:
May 2008 – December 2011, Deputy prime minister of Russia, since December 2011, the head of Russian Presidential Administration
1914:
1311:
1467:
5636:
5551:
4766:
4429:
4108:
3625:
2967:"Russia's mafia state | Alexey Navalny's group publishes startling revelations linking the Attorney General's son to the mob"
1872:
914:
629:
142:
5150:
2756:["He is not Dimon for you," brings joy to this day. Navalny spoke about the reason for his detention and searches].
5746:
5100:
4812:
4065:
3555:
3094:
1713:
574:
5885:
5797:
5043:
3987:
132:
5999:
5971:
4545:
4164:
1574:
There seems to be general agreement among specialists that corruption is particularly rampant in post-communist Russia.
137:
2211:
1341:, another film by Alexei Navalny and the Anti-Corruption Foundation. By May 2019, the video reached 30 million views.
5961:
5951:
5895:
5583:
4978:
4867:
4802:
4103:
3962:
2484:
2075:"CPI 2023 for Eastern Europe & Central Asia: Autocracy & weak justice systems enabling widespread corruption"
1226:
147:
973:
stated in 2022, "Corruption is endemic in Russia" and assigned it the lowest score of any European country in their
5956:
5664:
5605:
5427:
4726:
4709:
4375:
3864:
3762:
3575:
2542:
1361:
1218:
1191:
744:
589:
2447:
1364:. He was detained in March 2022 after investigators accused him of publishing a photo of a bombed-out building in
5724:
5401:
5396:
5313:
4520:
4058:
3600:
3177:
1010:
770:
212:
6040:
5931:
5855:
5125:
4751:
4184:
2893:
1035:
898:
679:
1998:
6035:
6020:
5870:
5865:
5541:
5373:
4921:
4636:
4460:
4420:
4174:
4098:
4093:
3997:
3687:
3682:
3287:
2389:
1819:
1238:
1222:
674:
669:
488:
3066:"Corruption and institutions in Russia" Mark Levin, Georgy Satarov, Foundation for Information on Democracy
5880:
5875:
5621:
5578:
5470:
5207:
5187:
5090:
4741:
4691:
4555:
4400:
4365:
4048:
2754:""Он вам не Димон" радость приносит до сих пор». Навальный рассказал о причине своего задержания и обысков"
2322:
Osipian, Ararat. (2012). "Predatory Raiding in Russia: Institutions and Property Rights after the Crisis."
2212:"Доля теневой экономики в РФ снизилась почти до 15%, таблицы "затраты-выпуск"... - Пресс-центр - Интерфакс"
1242:
974:
1684:
6025:
5916:
5900:
5890:
5659:
5536:
5360:
5105:
4842:
4714:
4621:
4575:
4565:
4530:
4410:
4285:
4270:
3924:
3890:
2171:"Взятки в России: кто, где, сколько и можно ли с этим бороться? :: Деловой журнал :: РБК daily"
1776:
1111:
was arrested by Russian federal authorities, accused of accepting bribes "on a particularly large scale."
1092:
fundamental obstacle to the implementation of effective criminal policy in the fight against corruption.
1039:
1027:
1006:
978:
232:
2940:
1972:
6030:
5989:
5837:
5546:
5502:
5495:
5475:
5412:
5306:
5165:
4998:
4780:
4761:
4661:
4651:
4646:
4238:
4118:
3492:
3337:
3302:
2780:
1742:
1299:
970:
528:
297:
287:
2236:
Source: Milov, Nemtsov, Ryzhkov, Shorina (2011). "Putin. Corruption. Independent expert report", p. 6.
1949:
1739:"Countering Russia's kleptocrats: What the West's response to the assault on Ukraine should look like"
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3117:
2024:
1345:
954:
893:
796:
734:
498:
478:
348:
302:
197:
2340:
Kazyrytski, Leanid (2 July 2019). "Fighting Corruption in Russia: Its Characteristics and Purpose".
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3217:
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3137:
3127:
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3001:"Extralegal payments to state officials in Russia, 1750s–1830s: assessing the burden of corruption"
1663:
1331:
786:
664:
654:
533:
513:
453:
448:
398:
368:
358:
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5776:
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4505:
4390:
4258:
3652:
3312:
3307:
3187:
2832:"Russian blogger Aleksandr Nozdrinov sentenced to 8.5 years in prison for 'fake news' about army"
2283:
Osipian, Ararat. (2009). "Corruption Hierarchies in Higher Education in the Former Soviet Bloc."
2196:
Osipian, Ararat. (2012). "Education Corruption, Reform, and Growth: Case of Post-Soviet Russia."
2174:
1588:
888:
872:
827:
811:
649:
503:
493:
413:
257:
54:
2610:"«Новый 37-й год в армии»: в России задержан еще один генерал, первая реакция сторонников войны"
1348:. In 2021, a trial was launched to recognize the organization as extremist and to liquidate it.
1170:
Vladimir Pavlov was detained and next day charged them with fraud on a particularly large scale.
5941:
5766:
5717:
5556:
5490:
5175:
5033:
5003:
4958:
4909:
4904:
4837:
4721:
4681:
4641:
4475:
4385:
4380:
4201:
4113:
3980:
3883:
3732:
3727:
3702:
3560:
3327:
3282:
3262:
3252:
3152:
2974:
2642:"The head of Russia's military park and a top Defense Ministry official are arrested for fraud"
2588:
1529:
1322:
857:
847:
806:
719:
714:
694:
579:
518:
483:
463:
383:
332:
312:
222:
187:
182:
2807:"The court restricts the activities of Navalny's funds on the claim of extremism | BBC Russia"
1181:, deputy of the Defense Ministry’s innovations department, on charges of embezzling its funds.
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3520:
3485:
3352:
3267:
3247:
3132:
3122:
3067:
2918:
1864:
1424:
1419:
1135:
867:
852:
832:
739:
699:
659:
624:
619:
609:
599:
594:
584:
569:
564:
559:
538:
468:
458:
403:
363:
353:
317:
292:
282:
277:
267:
262:
247:
242:
217:
109:
89:
1501:[Russia proposed to create the post of Ombudsman for the fight against corruption].
5850:
5593:
5232:
5140:
5135:
4887:
4580:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4470:
4465:
4425:
3932:
3785:
3752:
3742:
3722:
3697:
3692:
3642:
3610:
3595:
3570:
3332:
3232:
3212:
3202:
3162:
3147:
3142:
1302:
is a nonprofit organization based in Moscow established in 2011 by activist and politician
1195:
1043:
958:
950:
837:
765:
760:
729:
709:
689:
684:
644:
639:
614:
604:
523:
443:
438:
428:
393:
378:
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327:
322:
252:
177:
21:
2505:
8:
5626:
5227:
4983:
4933:
4852:
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4590:
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4490:
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4435:
4395:
4360:
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4216:
4147:
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3407:
3357:
3317:
3272:
3207:
3182:
3172:
3157:
3080:
2268:
Osipian, Ararat. (2010). "Corrupt Organizational Hierarchies in the Former Soviet Bloc."
962:
842:
801:
724:
634:
543:
508:
473:
433:
408:
388:
307:
272:
237:
227:
207:
5771:
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5507:
5155:
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5120:
5110:
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5080:
5038:
4968:
4953:
4892:
4872:
4862:
4832:
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4736:
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4525:
4348:
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4329:
4275:
4211:
4021:
3242:
3197:
3192:
3039:
2357:
1841:
1833:
1788:
1717:
1609:
862:
791:
423:
418:
192:
69:
1546:
Corruption significantly impedes businesses operating or planning to invest in Russia.
1009:'s (CIA) station chief in the United States embassy in Moscow in the early 1990s, the
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4973:
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3915:
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3022:
2473:"Начальника Главного управления кадров МО РФ генерала-лейтенанта Кузнецова задержали"
2361:
2049:
1868:
1605:
1597:
1210:
946:
2781:"The Ministry of Justice recognized the Navalny fund as a foreign agent | Vedomosti"
1845:
1295:
Volunteers and employees of the Anti-Corruption Foundation arrested on 26 March 2017
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5115:
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3012:
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2349:
1823:
1780:
1601:
1472:
1255:
1234:
994:
2630:Мыльно-рыльная афера / Гендиректора «Военторга» арестовали по делу о мошенничестве
2168:
1200:
An anticorruption campaign in modern Russia began on 4 April 1992, when President
5741:
5282:
5242:
5145:
5085:
5075:
5063:
5008:
4827:
4221:
4196:
3975:
2375:
1327:
1314:
a considerable following among the younger and more educated Russian population.
1115:
1050:
123:
59:
2440:"Глава управления кадров МО Кузнецов арестован по подозрению в получении взятки"
2246:
5465:
5180:
5053:
4314:
4280:
4004:
3957:
3040:Генпрокуратура отчиталась о числе осужденных за коррупцию силовиков и депутатов
2480:
2321:
2297:
2282:
2267:
2195:
2148:
1784:
1344:
In 2019, the Anti-Corruption Foundation was recognized by a Russian court as a
1303:
1139:
1061:
2733:
2690:"Russia in the Corruption Perceptions Index 2022: score of 28 and 137th place"
1657:"Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Bribery"
6014:
5694:
5690:
5287:
5192:
4701:
4440:
4031:
3456:
3026:
2353:
1828:
1807:
1632:
1406:
1337:
1280:
1276:
order was included in the National Plan to Counter Corruption for 2014–2015.
1201:
1068:
104:
64:
2806:
2564:"Замначальника Генштаба генерал Вадим Шамарин арестован по делу о коррупции"
5068:
4053:
4043:
2124:
2099:
1174:
1108:
2753:
2472:
1627:
4263:
4070:
3947:
3466:
2025:"The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated"
982:
966:
79:
74:
2668:
2629:
2538:
2506:"ТАСС узнал об обысках в Москве и Краснодаре по делу генерала Кузнецова"
1792:
1613:
4292:
3952:
3942:
3477:
2669:Фигурант дела о хищениях в парке «Патриот» отправлен под домашний арест
2247:"Средний размер взятки в России в 2010 году вырос с 27 до 47 тысяч руб"
1837:
1714:"Corruption at Universities is a Common Disease for Russia and Ukraine"
1498:В России предложили создать должность омбудсмена по борьбе с коррупцией
1362:
spreading "false information" about the Russian armed forces in Ukraine
990:
94:
3017:
3000:
2376:"Russian deputy defence minister detained for allegedly taking bribes"
1861:
Russia's Crony Capitalism: The Path from Market Economy to Kleptocracy
1712:
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena; Leontyeva, Elvira; Prytula, Yaroslav (2014).
3937:
3072:
2734:"Fantastic reaction of authorities on Medvedev's mansions and yachts"
2720:"Oil crash results in Moscow warning to Russia's comfortably corrupt"
986:
5298:
2866:"New Investigation Exposes Glam Life Of Vladimir Putin's Bling Ring"
2848:
2870:
2682:
2609:
2169:Автор статьи: Максим Легуенко, Екатерина Трофимова (17 June 2014).
1890:"Russia's Oily And Gassy Crony Capitalism: The Path To Kleptocracy"
1689:
1503:
1360:
Alexander Nozdrinov was sentenced to 8.5 years years in prison for
1357:
1326:
is a 2017 Russian documentary film detailing alleged corruption by
1019:
114:
84:
49:
3875:
1468:"New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption"
4415:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
4297:
3061:
2738:
1049:
The average size of the bribe increased during the presidency of
1046:; Supreme Court justices” were engaging in "massive corruption".
44:
29:
1711:
3906:
1654:
942:
99:
2539:"Все счета главного кадровика Минобороны Кузнецова арестованы"
2849:"Каждый третий чиновник в России берёт взятки, заявили в НАК"
5356:
Economy of the Russian Empire after the abolition of serfdom
1318:
taken into account in order to discredit this organization.
1121:
Chief of the Main Personnel Directorate, Lieutenant General
1365:
3068:
http://www.indem.ru/satarov/satarov_levin/corruption.htm#1
1145:
Head of the Department for Providing State Defense Orders
1767:
Fish, M. Steven (April 2018). "What Has Russia Become?".
1031:
1023:
1015:
1173:
On August 2, 2024, Vyacheslav Akhmedov, director of the
1138:, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, Lieutenant General
1249:
1270:
1152:
General Director of the Military Construction Company
1136:
Main Directorate of Communications of the Armed Forces
3060:
Transparency International Russia (English Version)
1396:
941:
Corruption is perceived as a significant problem in
1915:"Russian-Style Kleptocracy Is Infiltrating America"
1655:Klara Sabirianova Peter; Zelenska, Tetyana (2010).
945:, impacting various aspects of life, including the
1283:was arrested for stealing money from state funds.
2998:
1134:On May 22, 2024, Lieutenant General, Head of the
1102:Purges in the Russian Ministry of Defense in 2024
1000:
6012:
2285:International Journal of Educational Development
1560:"Corruption in Russia: A Historical Perspective"
1805:
1585:
1107:In April 2024, Russian Deputy Defense Minister
2915:"Russia's Prisoner Dilemma | Russia! Magazine"
5314:
3891:
3493:
3088:
1808:"The Role of Oligarchs in Russian Capitalism"
1415:List of people convicted of bribery in Russia
1286:
922:
2300:Canadian and International Education Journal
1906:
1685:"Corruption Pervades Russia's Health System"
1261:Russian Federal Financial Monitoring Service
153:United Nations Convention against Corruption
2050:"Corruption Perceptions Index 2023: Russia"
5567:Tractor, timber and agricultural machinery
5321:
5307:
3898:
3884:
3500:
3486:
3095:
3081:
2717:
2339:
2249:. РИА Новости (RIA Novosti). February 2011
1806:Guriev, Sergei; Rachinsky, Andrei (2005).
1557:
1254:Corruption has an obvious connection with
1225:, introduced by Medvedev in 2009, and the
1185:
929:
915:
5752:Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund
3016:
2999:Korchmina, Elena; Fedyukin, Igor (2019).
1933:
1827:
1095:
3507:
2718:Bershidsky, Leonid (22 September 2015).
1996:
1970:
1494:
1351:
1290:
5351:Industrialization in the Russian Empire
4551:Collective Security Treaty Organization
1997:Kalinina, Alexandra (29 January 2013).
1971:Kalinina, Alexandra (29 January 2013).
1495:Alferova, Ekaterina (26 October 2020).
1042:; state and local police officers; the
6013:
3102:
1939:
1858:
1177:was arrested along with Major General
1142:, was arrested, allegedly for a bribe.
5828:Federal subjects by unemployment rate
5328:
5302:
4109:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
3879:
3481:
3076:
2994:
2992:
2335:
2333:
1940:Palmer, Richard (21 September 1999).
1462:
1460:
1215:Criminal Law Convention on Corruption
143:International Anti-Corruption Academy
5995:
5248:Unified Sports Classification System
2941:"Corruption in Russia as a Business"
1973:"Corruption in Russia as a Business"
1912:
1812:The Journal of Economic Perspectives
1766:
1250:The anti-money-laundering initiative
981:, been variously characterized as a
5798:Natural resources of Primorsky Krai
3905:
2722:. Bloomberg News via National Post.
1964:
1271:National Plan to Counter Corruption
133:International Anti-Corruption Court
13:
5813:Federal subjects by GDP per capita
4546:Commonwealth of Independent States
2989:
2330:
2312:Milov et al., Op,cit., 2011, p. 6.
1913:FOER, FRANKLIN (7 February 2019).
1457:
979:under the regime of Vladimir Putin
138:Group of States Against Corruption
14:
6052:
5757:Pension and Social Insurance Fund
5438:Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
3054:
2173:. Magazine.rbc.ru. Archived from
1887:
1381:more than their declared income.
1227:National Anti-Corruption Strategy
1005:According to Richard Palmer, the
148:International Anti-Corruption Day
5994:
5985:
5984:
5428:Medvedev modernisation programme
3461:
3452:
3451:
2836:Committee to Protect Journalists
1606:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00333.x
1399:
1219:Russian anti-corruption campaign
1192:Russian anti-corruption campaign
1159:On July 30, general Director of
203:Democratic Republic of the Congo
28:
5725:SWIFT ban against Russian banks
5433:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
3033:
2959:
2933:
2907:
2886:
2858:
2842:
2824:
2799:
2773:
2746:
2726:
2711:
2673:
2662:
2634:
2623:
2602:
2581:
2570:from the original on 2024-05-23
2556:
2545:from the original on 2024-05-23
2531:
2520:from the original on 2024-05-16
2498:
2487:from the original on 2024-05-14
2465:
2454:from the original on 2024-05-15
2432:
2407:
2382:
2368:
2315:
2306:
2291:
2276:
2261:
2239:
2230:
2204:
2189:
2162:
2153:
2142:
2125:"2005 - CPI - Transparency.org"
2117:
2100:"2004 - CPI - Transparency.org"
2092:
2067:
2042:
2017:
1999:"Коррупция в России как бизнес"
1990:
1881:
1852:
1799:
1760:
1731:
1437:
1114:Former Deputy Defense Minister
1011:dissolution of the Soviet Union
3419:British Indian Ocean Territory
3062:http://transparency.org.ru/en/
2894:"Corruption Fatigue | Opinion"
1977:IMR INSTITUTE OF MODERN RUSSIA
1705:
1677:
1648:
1620:
1579:
1551:
1522:
1488:
1001:Spread of corruption in Russia
1:
4456:Political abuse of psychiatry
2214:. Interfax.ru. Archived from
1859:Åslund, Anders (7 May 2019).
1820:American Economic Association
1451:
1239:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
1223:National Anti-Corruption Plan
1207:Convention Against Corruption
5747:National Card Payment System
5390:Monetary reforms in Russia (
5101:Traditions and superstitions
2696:. 2023-01-31. Archived from
1243:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
975:Corruption Perceptions Index
7:
5823:Federal subjects by poverty
5637:Vehicle registration plates
5552:Rolling stock manufacturers
4767:Water supply and sanitation
3005:The Economic History Review
2566:. svoboda.org. 2024-05-23.
2541:. КоммерсантЪ. 2024-05-23.
2198:Journal of Eurasian Studies
2003:Институт современной России
1946:financialservices.house.gov
1777:City University of New York
1392:
1371:
1356:In September 2023, Russian
1007:Central Intelligence Agency
10:
6057:
5413:National Priority Projects
2945:Institute of Modern Russia
2342:Social & Legal Studies
2324:Journal of Economic Issues
1785:10.5129/001041518822704872
1743:Transparency International
1530:"Russia Corruption Report"
1300:Anti-Corruption Foundation
1287:Anti-Corruption Foundation
1189:
1123:Yury Vasilyevich Kuznetsov
1099:
971:Transparency International
5980:
5909:
5836:
5790:
5683:
5647:
5614:
5526:
5448:
5423:Great Recession in Russia
5336:
5267:
5024:
4788:
4779:
4612:
4603:
4356:
4347:
4155:
4146:
4081:
3923:
3914:
3857:
3809:
3771:
3513:
3447:
3406:
3366:
3108:
2694:Трансперенси Интернешнл-Р
2612:. republic.ru. 2024-05-23
2591:. svoboda.org. 2024-05-23
2270:Transition Studies Review
5972:Types of business entity
5803:Federal districts by GDP
4541:Prime Minister of Russia
3168:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2762:(in Russian). 2019-12-26
2354:10.1177/0964663919859052
1829:10.1257/0895330053147994
1664:Georgia State University
1589:Law & Society Review
1507:
1497:
1430:
1332:Prime Minister of Russia
5962:Exclusive economic zone
5952:Social entrepreneurship
5818:Federal subjects by HDI
5808:Federal subjects by GRP
5584:Pharmaceutical industry
4979:Social entrepreneurship
4868:Forced public apologies
4803:Anti-American sentiment
3429:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2811:BBC News Русская Служба
1186:Anti-corruption efforts
55:Economics of corruption
5957:Social security system
5718:Central Bank of Russia
5665:Information technology
5606:Science and technology
4727:Social security system
4710:Science and technology
4376:Classified information
4202:Central Russian Upland
3556:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1323:He Is Not Dimon to You
1296:
1096:Corruption in military
575:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6041:Corruption by country
5762:Social Insurance Fund
5188:Russian tsars regalia
4521:Intelligence agencies
4244:Great Russian Regions
3988:Expansion (1500-1800)
2589:"Генеральская уборка"
2326:, 46(2), pp. 469–479.
2287:, 29(3), pp. 321–330.
2272:, 17(4), pp. 822–836.
1865:Yale University Press
1425:2021 Russian protests
1420:2017 Russian protests
1352:Citizen participation
1294:
1190:Further information:
951:public administration
161:Corruption by country
110:State-corporate crime
90:Pyrrhic defeat theory
6036:Corruption in Europe
6021:Corruption in Russia
5346:Droughts and famines
5255:World Heritage sites
4632:Droughts and famines
4185:Environmental issues
3933:Proto-Indo-Europeans
3508:Corruption in Europe
3343:United Arab Emirates
1775:(3). New York City:
1769:Comparative Politics
1279:The governor of the
1196:Combating Corruption
1147:Vladimir Verteletsky
1060:At the beginning of
1044:Federal Reserve Bank
22:Political corruption
5886:Central Black Earth
5106:Forms of addressing
4715:Academy of Sciences
4672:Financial districts
4536:President of Russia
4461:Political divisions
4421:Freedom of assembly
4303:West Siberian Plain
4049:Great Patriotic War
4010:February Revolution
3772:States with limited
3370:limited recognition
2394:Новая газета Европа
2302:, 41(1), pp. 81–95.
6026:Politics of Russia
5791:Regional economies
5622:Telecommunications
5579:Petroleum industry
5418:Stabilization Fund
5156:Russian given name
4742:Telecommunications
4692:Petroleum industry
4556:State of emergency
4401:Far-right politics
4366:Capital punishment
4212:Meshchera Lowlands
4066:Russian Federation
4022:October Revolution
3103:Corruption in Asia
2977:on 8 December 2015
2874:. 9 September 2015
2679:Sakwa 2011, p. 329
2200:, 3(1), pp. 20–29.
2177:on 6 February 2012
1718:Harvard University
1312:Russian opposition
1297:
1179:Vladimir Shesterov
977:for 2021. It has,
70:Influence peddling
37:Forms and concepts
6031:Economy of Russia
6008:
6007:
5728:
5720:
5713:
5660:Grocery retailing
5589:Chemical industry
5449:Natural resources
5370:Financial crises
5330:Economy of Russia
5296:
5295:
5263:
5262:
4843:Domestic violence
4775:
4774:
4697:Russian oligarchs
4622:Aircraft industry
4599:
4598:
4576:Mass surveillance
4566:Search and rescue
4531:Political parties
4411:Foreign relations
4343:
4342:
4142:
4141:
4134:Historical cities
3993:Tsardom of Russia
3873:
3872:
3475:
3474:
3412:other territories
3018:10.1111/ehr.12666
2947:. 29 January 2013
2855:, 9 декабря 2014.
2838:. 2 October 2023.
1874:978-0-300-24486-1
1476:. 26 January 2020
1211:Council of Europe
997:economic system.
939:
938:
906:
905:
213:Equatorial Guinea
6048:
5998:
5997:
5988:
5987:
5937:Russian oligarch
5838:Economic regions
5737:Federal Treasury
5723:
5716:
5708:
5496:Renewable energy
5476:Geothermal power
5323:
5316:
5309:
5300:
5299:
5276:
5223:Russian language
5166:National symbols
4786:
4785:
4705:
4662:Fishing industry
4652:Economic regions
4647:Defence industry
4610:
4609:
4354:
4353:
4308:Russian Far East
4207:Northwest Russia
4165:Cities and towns
4153:
4152:
4015:Russian Republic
3921:
3920:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3810:Dependencies and
3514:Sovereign states
3502:
3495:
3488:
3479:
3478:
3465:
3455:
3454:
3424:Christmas Island
3110:Sovereign states
3097:
3090:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3049:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3020:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2973:. Archived from
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2917:. Archived from
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2862:
2856:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2787:. 9 October 2019
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2647:Associated Press
2638:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2295:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2243:
2237:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2208:
2202:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2129:Transparency.org
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2104:Transparency.org
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2079:Transparency.org
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2054:Transparency.org
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2029:Transparency.org
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1948:. Archived from
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1867:. pp. 5–7.
1856:
1850:
1849:
1831:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1558:Suhara, Manabu.
1555:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1473:Voice of America
1464:
1445:
1441:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1256:money laundering
1169:
1131:
995:crony capitalism
969:in the country.
931:
924:
917:
899:Papua New Guinea
680:Northern Ireland
167:
166:
32:
18:
17:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5976:
5905:
5832:
5786:
5742:Moscow Exchange
5701:Account Chamber
5679:
5643:
5610:
5522:
5444:
5332:
5327:
5297:
5292:
5279:
5272:
5259:
5218:Public holidays
5213:Political jokes
5198:Personification
5151:Names of Russia
5020:
4939:Life expectancy
4771:
4703:
4595:
4446:Law enforcement
4339:
4325:Protected areas
4222:Smolensk Upland
4217:Oka–Don Lowland
4197:European Russia
4138:
4077:
3963:Mongol invasion
3910:
3904:
3874:
3869:
3853:
3811:
3805:
3791:Northern Cyprus
3773:
3767:
3688:North Macedonia
3509:
3506:
3476:
3471:
3443:
3411:
3402:
3383:Northern Cyprus
3369:
3362:
3104:
3101:
3057:
3052:
3048:, 23 April 2018
3038:
3034:
2997:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2922:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2847:
2843:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2716:
2712:
2703:
2701:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2650:. 5 August 2024
2640:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2521:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2490:
2488:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2457:
2455:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2424:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2338:
2331:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2296:
2292:
2281:
2277:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2218:on 16 June 2012
2210:
2209:
2205:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1952:on 29 July 2019
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1857:
1853:
1804:
1800:
1765:
1761:
1748:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1636:. 18 March 2010
1628:"Cops for hire"
1626:
1625:
1621:
1584:
1580:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1539:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1374:
1354:
1328:Dmitry Medvedev
1289:
1273:
1252:
1198:
1188:
1163:
1125:
1116:Dmitry Bulgakov
1104:
1098:
1051:Dmitry Medvedev
1036:Marshal Service
1003:
993:; owing to its
955:law enforcement
935:
779:Central America
675:North Macedonia
124:Anti-corruption
60:Electoral fraud
12:
11:
5:
6054:
6044:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5992:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5967:Shadow economy
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5919:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5856:North Caucasus
5853:
5848:
5842:
5840:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5732:Federal budget
5729:
5721:
5714:
5703:
5698:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5670:Music industry
5667:
5662:
5657:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5624:
5618:
5616:
5615:Infrastructure
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5562:Space industry
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5458:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5326:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5303:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5278:
5277:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5030:
5028:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4732:Space industry
4729:
4724:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4707:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4571:Urban planning
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4423:
4418:
4408:
4406:Federal budget
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4315:North Caucasus
4312:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4256:
4251:
4249:Highest points
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4194:
4192:Extreme points
4189:
4188:
4187:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4007:
4005:Russian Empire
4002:
4001:
4000:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3909: articles
3903:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3865:European Union
3861:
3859:
3858:Other entities
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3812:other entities
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3763:United Kingdom
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3576:Czech Republic
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3459:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3064:
3056:
3055:External links
3053:
3051:
3050:
3032:
2988:
2958:
2932:
2921:on 17 May 2019
2906:
2885:
2857:
2841:
2823:
2798:
2772:
2745:
2725:
2710:
2681:
2672:
2661:
2633:
2622:
2601:
2580:
2555:
2530:
2516:. 2024-05-15.
2512:(in Russian).
2497:
2483:. 2024-05-14.
2464:
2450:. 2024-05-14.
2446:(in Russian).
2431:
2406:
2381:
2367:
2348:(3): 421–443.
2329:
2314:
2305:
2290:
2275:
2260:
2238:
2229:
2203:
2188:
2161:
2152:
2141:
2116:
2091:
2066:
2041:
2016:
1989:
1963:
1932:
1905:
1888:Cohen, Ariel.
1880:
1873:
1851:
1798:
1759:
1745:. 4 March 2022
1730:
1704:
1693:. 28 June 2007
1676:
1647:
1619:
1578:
1550:
1521:
1487:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1394:
1391:
1373:
1370:
1353:
1350:
1304:Alexey Navalny
1288:
1285:
1272:
1269:
1251:
1248:
1235:UK Bribery Act
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1171:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1140:Vadim Shamarin
1132:
1119:
1112:
1097:
1094:
1062:Vladimir Putin
1002:
999:
937:
936:
934:
933:
926:
919:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
902:
901:
896:
891:
883:
882:
878:
877:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
822:
821:
817:
816:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
781:
780:
776:
775:
774:
773:
768:
763:
755:
754:
750:
749:
748:
747:
745:United Kingdom
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
590:Czech Republic
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
554:
553:
549:
548:
547:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
343:
342:
338:
337:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
172:
171:
163:
162:
158:
157:
156:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
127:
126:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
39:
38:
34:
33:
25:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6053:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6001:
5993:
5991:
5983:
5982:
5979:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5871:East Siberian
5869:
5867:
5866:West Siberian
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5777:Excise stamps
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5695:Digital ruble
5692:
5691:Russian ruble
5689:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5607:
5604:
5600:
5599:Pipe Industry
5597:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5574:Food industry
5572:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5486:Nuclear power
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5366:Privatization
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5324:
5319:
5317:
5312:
5310:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5238:Seven Wonders
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5203:Playing cards
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
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2700:on 2023-07-24
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1407:Russia portal
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1281:Komi Republic
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1237:and the U.S.
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1202:Boris Yeltsin
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1154:Andrey Belkov
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1069:Sergei Ivanov
1067:According to
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1040:Border Patrol
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105:State capture
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65:Elite capture
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5942:Homelessness
5932:Trade unions
5881:Northwestern
5876:Volga-Vyatka
5782:Billionaires
5767:Stock market
5557:Shipbuilding
5533:Engineering
5491:Oil reserves
5361:Soviet Union
5176:Coat of arms
5136:Martial arts
5044:Army culture
5034:Architecture
5004:Witch trials
4959:Prostitution
4905:Human rights
4838:Demographics
4822:
4752:Trade unions
4722:Shipbuilding
4682:Homelessness
4642:Central Bank
4637:Car industry
4476:Conservatism
4386:Constitution
4381:Conscription
4054:Eastern Bloc
4044:Soviet Union
4037:Russian SFSR
3967:Feudal Rus'
3801:Transnistria
3712:
3408:Dependencies
3338:Turkmenistan
3303:Saudi Arabia
3297:
3043:
3035:
3008:
3004:
2979:. Retrieved
2975:the original
2970:
2961:
2949:. Retrieved
2944:
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2919:the original
2909:
2897:. Retrieved
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2869:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2814:. Retrieved
2810:
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:vedomosti.ru
2784:
2775:
2764:. Retrieved
2757:
2748:
2737:
2728:
2713:
2702:. Retrieved
2698:the original
2693:
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2675:
2664:
2652:. Retrieved
2645:
2636:
2625:
2614:. Retrieved
2604:
2593:. Retrieved
2583:
2572:. Retrieved
2558:
2547:. Retrieved
2533:
2522:. Retrieved
2509:
2500:
2489:. Retrieved
2476:
2467:
2456:. Retrieved
2444:vedomosti.ru
2443:
2434:
2423:. Retrieved
2421:(in Russian)
2418:
2409:
2398:. Retrieved
2396:. 2024-07-27
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2216:the original
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2197:
2191:
2179:. Retrieved
2175:the original
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2155:
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2128:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2103:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2078:
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2053:
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2028:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
2005:(in Russian)
2002:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1976:
1966:
1954:. Retrieved
1950:the original
1945:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1921:(March 2019)
1919:The Atlantic
1918:
1908:
1897:. Retrieved
1893:
1883:
1860:
1854:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1772:
1768:
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1754:
1747:. Retrieved
1733:
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1631:
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1581:
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1510:(in Russian)
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1471:
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1231:
1199:
1175:Patriot Park
1109:Timur Ivanov
1090:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1073:RBC magazine
1072:
1066:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1004:
949:, business,
940:
704:
529:Turkmenistan
298:South Africa
288:Sierra Leone
15:
5901:Kaliningrad
5891:Far Eastern
5481:Natural gas
5471:Electricity
5456:Agriculture
5228:tea culture
5081:Fairy tales
4944:Open access
4917:Immigration
4878:Gun control
4617:Agriculture
4586:Term limits
4496:Martial law
4491:Nationalism
4486:Irredentism
4481:Imperialism
4264:Caspian Sea
4180:Environment
4175:Earthquakes
4071:Union State
4059:Dissolution
3958:Kievan Rus'
3948:Early Slavs
3839:Isle of Man
3774:recognition
3748:Switzerland
3683:Netherlands
3467:Asia portal
3368:States with
3288:Philippines
3228:South Korea
3223:North Korea
3118:Afghanistan
3011:: 156–181.
2899:9 September
2878:9 September
2759:fontanka.ru
2084:24 February
2059:24 February
2034:24 February
1982:11 February
1956:11 February
1925:11 February
1822:: 131–150.
1779:: 327–346.
1697:20 November
1536:. June 2020
1164: [
1126: [
1018:during the
983:kleptocracy
967:rule of law
894:New Zealand
797:El Salvador
787:Costa Rica
735:Switzerland
670:Netherlands
499:South Korea
489:Philippines
479:North Korea
349:Afghanistan
303:South Sudan
80:Mafia state
75:Kleptocracy
6015:Categories
5594:Metallurgy
5542:Automotive
5233:Television
5208:Philosophy
5141:Mass media
5131:Literature
5126:Inventions
4888:Healthcare
4823:Corruption
4813:Censorship
4704:(currency)
4581:Separatism
4526:Opposition
4511:Neo-Nazism
4501:Monarchism
4471:Liberalism
4466:Propaganda
4426:Government
4293:North Asia
4094:Journalism
3953:East Slavs
3943:Sarmatians
3718:San Marino
3678:Montenegro
3658:Luxembourg
3638:Kazakhstan
3541:Azerbaijan
3348:Uzbekistan
3323:Tajikistan
3238:Kyrgyzstan
3218:Kazakhstan
3138:Bangladesh
3128:Azerbaijan
2981:4 December
2951:4 December
2925:4 December
2766:2022-02-02
2704:2023-07-24
2616:2024-05-23
2595:2024-05-23
2574:2024-05-23
2549:2024-05-23
2524:2024-05-16
2491:2024-05-14
2458:2024-05-16
2425:2024-07-28
2400:2024-07-28
2134:1 December
2109:1 December
1899:2024-06-27
1749:1 December
1723:4 December
1669:4 December
1640:4 December
1568:4 December
1540:5 November
1514:5 November
1452:References
1100:See also:
991:plutocracy
959:healthcare
665:Montenegro
655:Luxembourg
534:Uzbekistan
514:Tajikistan
454:Kazakhstan
449:Kyrgyzstan
399:East Timor
369:Bangladesh
359:Azerbaijan
95:Slush fund
5917:Companies
5627:Transport
5379:2014–2017
5091:Festivals
4984:Sociology
4934:Languages
4853:Education
4757:Transport
4591:Terrorism
4436:Judiciary
4430:Apparatus
4396:Elections
4361:Anarchism
4335:Far North
4286:Volcanoes
4271:Mountains
4148:Geography
4027:Civil war
3938:Scythians
3829:Gibraltar
3653:Lithuania
3434:Hong Kong
3388:Palestine
3313:Sri Lanka
3308:Singapore
3188:Indonesia
3027:1468-0289
2448:Ведомости
2362:198781248
2009:9 January
987:oligarchy
963:education
889:Australia
873:Venezuela
828:Argentina
812:Nicaragua
650:Lithuania
504:Sri Lanka
494:Singapore
414:Indonesia
258:Mauritius
5990:Category
5896:Northern
5772:Taxation
5655:Gambling
5648:Services
5537:Aircraft
5527:Industry
5283:Category
5161:Nobility
5121:Internet
5116:Heraldry
5111:Graffiti
5096:Folklore
5039:Armorial
4969:Religion
4954:Polygamy
4893:HIV/AIDS
4873:Funerals
4863:Feminism
4833:Deafness
4818:Citizens
4808:Cannabis
4793:Abortion
4737:Taxation
4677:Gambling
4667:Forestry
4516:Military
4349:Politics
4330:Wildlife
4276:Caucasus
4239:Glaciers
4119:Military
4104:Internet
4082:By topic
3976:Vladimir
3971:Novgorod
3925:Timeline
3849:Svalbard
3834:Guernsey
3781:Abkhazia
3733:Slovenia
3728:Slovakia
3703:Portugal
3561:Bulgaria
3457:Category
3378:Abkhazia
3328:Thailand
3283:Pakistan
3263:Mongolia
3258:Maldives
3253:Malaysia
3153:Cambodia
2871:BuzzFeed
2654:5 August
2568:Archived
2543:Archived
2518:Archived
2485:Archived
2452:Archived
1846:17653502
1793:26532689
1690:CBS News
1614:29734103
1600:: 1–44.
1508:Известия
1504:Izvestia
1480:16 March
1393:See also
1372:Research
1358:YouTuber
1330:who was
1209:and the
1161:Voentorg
1020:Cold War
989:, and a
858:Paraguay
848:Colombia
807:Honduras
720:Slovenia
715:Slovakia
695:Portugal
580:Bulgaria
519:Thailand
484:Pakistan
464:Malaysia
384:Cambodia
333:Zimbabwe
313:Tanzania
223:Ethiopia
188:Cameroon
183:Botswana
115:Throffer
85:Nepotism
50:Cronyism
6000:Commons
5922:Exports
5846:Central
5706:Banking
5684:Finance
5675:Tourism
5547:Defence
5513:Hunting
5503:Fishery
5338:History
5274:Outline
5086:Fashion
5076:Fashion
5064:Cuisine
5026:Culture
5014:in army
4999:Wedding
4994:Suicide
4989:Smoking
4974:Slavery
4949:Orphans
4922:Illegal
4798:Alcohol
4781:Society
4747:Tourism
4627:Banking
4605:Economy
4450:Prisons
4298:Siberia
4254:Islands
4234:Geology
4170:Climate
4160:Borders
4124:Outline
4099:Judaism
4089:Economy
3916:History
3758:Ukraine
3708:Romania
3668:Moldova
3626:Ireland
3621:Iceland
3616:Hungary
3606:Germany
3601:Georgia
3591:Finland
3586:Estonia
3581:Denmark
3566:Croatia
3551:Belgium
3546:Belarus
3536:Austria
3531:Armenia
3526:Andorra
3521:Albania
3353:Vietnam
3268:Myanmar
3248:Lebanon
3178:Georgia
3133:Bahrain
3123:Armenia
3045:news.ru
2853:life.ru
2739:YouTube
2477:tass.ru
2253:14 July
2222:14 July
2181:14 July
1838:4134996
1026:, CIA,
947:economy
881:Oceania
868:Uruguay
853:Ecuador
833:Bolivia
740:Ukraine
700:Romania
660:Moldova
630:Ireland
625:Iceland
620:Hungary
610:Germany
600:Finland
595:Denmark
585:Croatia
570:Belgium
565:Austria
560:Albania
539:Vietnam
469:Myanmar
459:Lebanon
404:Georgia
364:Bahrain
354:Armenia
318:Tunisia
293:Somalia
283:Senegal
278:Nigeria
268:Namibia
263:Morocco
248:Liberia
243:Lesotho
218:Eritrea
198:Comoros
45:Bribery
5947:Income
5518:Mining
5508:Timber
5461:Energy
5288:Portal
5243:Sports
5171:Anthem
5059:Cinema
5054:Ballet
4964:Racism
4927:Labour
4883:Health
4848:Doping
4702:Ruble
4687:Mining
4657:Energy
4320:Rivers
4229:Fjords
4129:Postal
3981:Moscow
3907:Russia
3844:Jersey
3786:Kosovo
3753:Turkey
3743:Sweden
3723:Serbia
3713:Russia
3698:Poland
3693:Norway
3673:Monaco
3643:Latvia
3611:Greece
3596:France
3571:Cyprus
3398:Taiwan
3333:Turkey
3298:Russia
3233:Kuwait
3213:Jordan
3203:Israel
3163:Cyprus
3148:Brunei
3143:Bhutan
3025:
2971:Meduza
2816:13 May
2791:13 May
2510:rbc.ru
2419:Meduza
2360:
1894:Forbes
1871:
1844:
1836:
1791:
1612:
1338:Chaika
1082:krysha
961:, and
943:Russia
838:Brazil
766:Mexico
761:Canada
730:Sweden
710:Serbia
705:Russia
690:Poland
685:Norway
645:Latvia
640:Kosovo
615:Greece
605:France
552:Europe
524:Turkey
444:Kuwait
439:Jordan
429:Israel
394:Cyprus
379:Brunei
374:Bhutan
328:Zambia
323:Uganda
253:Malawi
178:Angola
170:Africa
100:Simony
5926:grain
5910:Other
5861:Volga
5711:Banks
5193:Opera
5146:Music
5009:Women
4910:LGBTQ
4828:Crime
4762:Waste
4281:Urals
4259:Lakes
3819:Åland
3738:Spain
3663:Malta
3633:Italy
3439:Macau
3358:Yemen
3318:Syria
3293:Qatar
3273:Nepal
3208:Japan
3183:India
3173:Egypt
3158:China
2358:S2CID
1842:S2CID
1834:JSTOR
1818:(1).
1789:JSTOR
1660:(PDF)
1610:JSTOR
1598:Wiley
1596:(1).
1563:(PDF)
1431:Notes
1168:]
1130:]
985:, an
843:Chile
802:Haiti
725:Spain
635:Italy
544:Yemen
509:Syria
474:Nepal
434:Japan
409:India
389:China
308:Sudan
273:Niger
238:Kenya
228:Ghana
208:Egypt
5851:Ural
5632:Rail
5466:Coal
5407:2022
5402:1998
5397:1993
5392:1991
5384:2022
5374:1998
5181:Flag
5069:Wine
5049:Arts
4114:LGBT
3998:Army
3278:Oman
3243:Laos
3198:Iraq
3193:Iran
3023:ISSN
2983:2015
2953:2015
2927:2015
2901:2015
2880:2015
2818:2021
2793:2021
2656:2024
2481:ТАСС
2255:2014
2224:2014
2183:2014
2136:2022
2111:2022
2086:2024
2061:2024
2036:2024
2011:2018
1984:2019
1958:2019
1927:2019
1869:ISBN
1751:2022
1725:2015
1699:2021
1671:2015
1642:2015
1570:2015
1542:2020
1516:2020
1482:2020
1366:Kyiv
1213:'s "
1194:and
863:Peru
792:Cuba
424:Iraq
419:Iran
341:Asia
193:Chad
4441:Law
3410:and
3013:doi
2514:РБК
2350:doi
1824:doi
1781:doi
1602:doi
1032:IRS
1028:DIA
1024:FBI
1016:KGB
6017::
3042:,
3021:.
3009:72
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1166:ru
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