Corvus - Knowledge

817:. These associations are linked to feeding and hunting. Ravens use their calls to notify these animals when an injured prey is near. This interaction is most noticeable in winter where ravens are associated with wolf packs nearly 100% of the time. As a result of this connection, studies have been conducted on the reaction of prey animals to the call of the raven. In areas where ravens associate with predators, prey animals are more likely to avoid predation by leaving after hearing the call. Crows are also capable of distinguishing between coyotes and wolves and have shown a preference for wolves. This may be due to the fact that wolves kill larger prey. When hunting, ravens can locate injured animals, like elk, and can call out to wolves to kill them. At times, ravens associate with wolves even when there is no carcass and can even be seen forming relationships with them. This includes playing with cubs by using sticks, picking at their tails, or flying around them. 947: 938:

This includes cognitive ability. Though the brains differ significantly between mammals and birds, larger forebrains are seen in corvids compared to other birds (except some parrots), especially in areas associated with social learning, planning, decision making in humans and complex cognition in apes. Along with tool use, ravens can recognize themselves in a mirror. This complex cognition can also be extended to socio-cognitive abilities. Studies have been conducted regarding the development and evolution of social abilities in ravens. These results help to show how ravens prefer to form stable relationships with siblings and close social partners as opposed to strangers. The development in social abilities is essential for raven survival, including identifying whether something poses a threat and how ravens alert others nearby of an incoming threat.

840:; ravens help wolves find prey and when the wolves kill them the ravens can eat too. However, this relationship is not without its faults. Ravens may sometimes eat more of the prey than the wolf does. This problem has also been linked to wolf pack size, with some researchers suggesting that one of the reasons wolves hunt in larger packs is so that ravens (and other scavengers) get less of the food. Along with contention in wolves, ravens can also bother each other. By feeding off of the same carcass it is possible that some ravens will steal from their conspecifics. This behaviour is related to the ravens' ability to make quick decisions about eating the food then or storing it for later, and to their dominance and fighting ability. 1551:, crows are thought of as carriers of information that give omens to people regarding their situations. For example, when a crow crows in front of a person's house, the resident is expected to have special visitors that day. Also, in Hindu literature, crows have great memories which they use to give information. Symbolism is associated with the crow in the Hindu faith. On a positive note, crows are often associated with worship of ancestors because they are believed to be embodying the souls of the recently deceased. However, many other associations with crows are seen in Hinduism. Crows are believed to be connected with both the gods and goddesses, particularly the controversial ones such as Sani, the god of the planet 1273:

that unintentional catch of nontarget species is avoided. If a nontarget species is caught, it can be easily released without harm to the bird. The traps are cost-efficient because they are inexpensive and simple to construct, and require little manpower to monitor. The bait used in the traps can also be specific to corvids. Carrion, grains, unshelled raw peanuts, and shiny objects in the trap are effective baits. When removing crows from a ladder trap, one living crow is left as an effective decoy for other crows. Trapping is considered the most humane method for crow removal because the crows can be relocated without harm or stress. However, most wild birds in general have a knack for returning to their home ranges.

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U.S. under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, but because of their perceived destructive nature, control of the species is allowed in certain areas. Because of their intelligence, control is often difficult or expensive. Methods for control include hunting, chemical immobilization, harassment and scare tactics, and trapping. Before any measure is used to confine, trap, kill, poison, immobilize, or alter the habits of any wild bird species, a person must check local, state, and federal regulations pertaining to such actions.

436: 736: 689: 8931: 1721:, the jackdaw embodies stupidity in one tale (by starving while waiting for figs on a fig tree to ripen), vanity in another (the jackdaw sought to become king of the birds with borrowed feathers, but was shamed when they fell off), and cunning in yet another (the crow comes up to a pitcher and knows that his beak is too short to reach the water, and if he tips it over, all the water will fall out, so the crow places pebbles in the pitcher so the water rises and he can reach it to relieve his thirst). 7623: 1555:, who uses a crow as his vehicle. In Hindu astrology, it is said that one who has the effect of Sani in their horoscope are angered easily, and may be unable to take control of their futures, but are extremely intelligent at the same time. Thus the presence of a crow, the vehicle of Sani is believed to have similar effects on the homes it lays its eyes on. Whether these effects are positive or negative is a source of debate in Hinduism. Crows are also considered ancestors in Hinduism and during 1018: 160: 135: 1076: 1130: 1370: 1354: 793:

between birds, a series of "kowws" in discrete units, a long caw followed by a series of short caws (usually made when a bird takes off from a perch), an echo-like "eh-aw" sound, and more. These vocalizations vary by species, and within each species they vary regionally. In many species, the pattern and number of the numerous vocalizations have been observed to change in response to events in the surroundings (e.g. arrival or departure of crows).

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predator decoys, and traditional scarecrows. Greater success has been achieved by adding sound and motion to predator decoys to mimic a distressed crow being caught by a predator such as an owl or hawk. Work is currently being done which uses multiple aversion techniques in one area. The theory is that multiple techniques used together will confuse the crows, thereby lessening the probability of habituation to stimuli.

844: 977: 1302:. After the nonhunting policy was lifted by the Prussian government in 1721–1724 and alternative food supplies increased, the practice was forgotten. The tradition re-emerged after World War I; in marketplaces, butchered crows that were sought after and bought by townsfolk were common. The hunted crows were not the local, but the migrating ones; each year during the spring and autumn, crows migrated via the 421: 1385: 7618: 1294:, a Baltic tribe, when common food was exhausted and the landscape changed so that farming was not as productive during the 18th and 19th centuries. Fishermen supplemented their diet by gathering coastal bird eggs and preserving crow meat by salting and smoking it. It became a traditional food for poor folk and is documented in a poem, " 1306:

between Finland and the rest of Europe. In 1943, the government even issued a hunting quota for such activities. Crows were usually caught by attracting them with smoked fish or grains soaked in spirits and then collecting them with nets. It was a job for the elderly or young who were unable to go to

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Scare tactics have been the most widely used aversion tactic for crows in areas frequented by humans and domestic animal species. This safe method does not require constant maintenance or manpower to operate or monitor. However, corvids quickly become habituated to most tactics such as blast cannons,

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Crows reach sexual maturity around the age of three years for females and five years for males. Clutch size is around three to nine eggs, and the nesting period lasts between 20 and 40 days. While crows typically mate for life, extra-pair copulation is not unusual, and young from previous years often

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Many studies have been conducted to research the ways in which ravens and corvids learn. Some have concluded that the brains of ravens and crows compare in relative size to great apes. The encephalization quotient (EQ) helps to expose the similarities between a great ape brain and a crow/raven brain.

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In medieval times, crows were thought to live abnormally long lives. They were also thought to be monogamous throughout their long lives. They were thought to predict the future, anticipate rain and reveal ambushes. Crows were also thought to lead flocks of storks while they crossed the sea to Asia.

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of the Qur'an describes the story of how the crow teaches the son of Adam to cover the dead body of his brother: "Then Allah sent a crow digging a grave in the ground for a dead crow, in order to show him how to bury the corpse of his brother. He cried, 'Alas! Have I even failed to be like this crow

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Trapping is a rarely used technique in the U.S., but is being used with success in parts of Europe and Australia. The ladder-style trap (e.g., Australian Crow Trap or Modified Australian Crow Trap) seems to be the most effective in crow-trapping techniques. Ladder traps are constructed in such a way

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Ravens have been mostly seen among travelling wolf packs rather than resting wolves, possibly due to the increased likelihood of food. They are also known to trust wolves in the pack they follow; when encountering a carcass killed by animals other than wolves, they are more apprehensive to eat from

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or vocalizations. Crows have also been observed to respond to calls of other species; presumably, this behavior is learned because it varies regionally. Crows' vocalizations are complex and poorly understood. Some of the many vocalizations that crows make are a "koww", usually echoed back and forth

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Other methods have been used with little or limited success. Lasers have been used successfully to remove large flocks of birds from roost structures in urban areas, but success in keeping crows off roosts has been short-lived. Homeowners can reduce the presence of crows by keeping trash stored in

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Intelligence and social structures make most crow species adaptable and opportunistic. Crows frequently cause damage to crops and property, strew trash, and transfer disease. In densely populated areas around the world, corvids are generally regarded as nuisance animals. Crows are protected in the

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The common raven and carrion crow have been blamed for killing weak lambs and are often seen eating freshly dead corpses probably killed by other means. The Australian raven has been documented chasing, attacking, and seriously injuring lambs. Rooks have been blamed for eating grain in the UK and

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In the United States, hunting is allowed under state and federal regulation. Crow hunting is considered a sport in rural areas of the U.S. because the birds are not considered a traditional edible game species. Some cultures do treat various corvid species as a food source. Liability and possible

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of crows is rather dense in Europe, but the relationships among most prehistoric species are not clear. Corvids are found in major cities across the world, and a major increase in the number of crows in urban settings has occurred since the 1900s. Historical records suggest that the population of

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As a group, crows show remarkable examples of intelligence. Natural history books from the 18th century recount an often-repeated, but unproven anecdote of "counting crows"—specifically a crow whose ability to count to five (or four in some versions) is established through a logic trap set by a

1571:, which occurs in the autumn season, as an offering and sacrifice to the ancestors. During the time of Pitra Paksha, it is believed that the ancestors descend on earth from pitra-loka, and are able to eat food offered to them by the means of a crow. This can also occur during the time of 822: 821: 476:

The coloration of the livery is dominated by shades of black, with some species having plumage with metallic iridescence and others that have white or gray areas on the neck or torso. Australian species have light eyes, while generally the irises of other species are dark.

1490:, and ancestral being. Legends relating to Crow have been observed in various Aboriginal language groups and cultures across Australia; these commonly include stories relating to Crow's role in the theft of fire, the origin of death, and the killing of Eagle's son. 1004:

Some crows may live to the age of 20, and the oldest known American crow in the wild was almost 30 years old. The oldest documented captive crow died at age 59. The American crow is highly susceptible to the recently introduced North American strain of

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Crows gather in large communal roosts numbering between 200 and tens of thousands of individuals during nonbreeding months, particularly in the winter. These gatherings tend to happen near large food sources such as garbage dumps and shopping centers.

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These are birds with a robust and slender appearance, equipped with a small, rounded head with a strong, conical beak, elongated and pointed, with a slightly curved end towards the bottom; the legs are strong and the tail is short and wedge-shaped.

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corresponded with a quick geographic expansion. The radiation of the genus resulted in rapid expansion of morphological diversity and fast speciation rates, especially around the beginning of the genus' radiation around 10 million years ago.

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American crows found in North America has been growing steadily since the introduction of European colonization, and spread east to west with the opening of the frontier. Crows were uncommon in the Pacific Northwest in the 1900s, except in

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Crows have been shown to have the ability to visually recognize individual humans and to transmit information about "bad" humans by squawking. Crows appear to show appreciation to humans by presenting them with gifts.

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Crows have demonstrated the ability to distinguish individual humans by recognizing facial features. Evidence also suggests they are one of the few nonhuman animals, along with insects like bees or ants, capable of

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Emery and Clayton write, "These studies have found that some corvids are not only superior in intelligence to birds of other avian species (perhaps with the exception of some parrots), but also rival many nonhuman

1544:, the night raven is considered an exorcised spirit. A hole in its left wing denotes where the stake used to exorcise it was driven into the earth. He who looks through the hole will become a night raven himself. 963:

Crows are omnivorous, and their diets are very diverse. They eat almost any food, including other birds, fruits, nuts, mollusks, earthworms, seeds, frogs, eggs, nestlings, mice, and carrion. The origin of placing

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by flipping the cane toad on its back and stabbing the throat where the skin is thinner, allowing the crow to access the nontoxic innards; their long beaks ensure that all of the innards can be removed.

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and raven to find land; however, the dove merely circles and returns. Only then does Utnapishtim send forth the raven, which does not return, and Utnapishtim concludes the raven has found land.

665:. Populations in the west increased substantially from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s. Crows and ravens spread along with agriculture and urbanization into the western part of North America. 755: 891:

presented data acquired by mounting tiny video cameras on the tails of New Caledonian crows. They pluck, smooth, and bend twigs and grass stems to procure a variety of foodstuffs. Crows in

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danger to persons and property limit the use of hunting or shooting as control methods in urban areas. Crows' wariness and cunning make harvesting crows in sufficient numbers difficult.

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Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata

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Andrea K Townsend and Christopher M Barker (2014). Plastic and the Nest Entanglement of Urban and Agricultural Crows. Heiss, R., Clark, A. and McGowan, K. (2009).

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Medium-large species are ascribed to the genus, ranging from 34 cm (13 in) of some small Mexican species to 60–70 cm (24–28 in) of the large

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in grain fields resulted from the crow's incessant damaging and scavenging, although crows assist farmers by eating insects otherwise attracted to their crops.

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Ancient Greek authors tell how a jackdaw, being a social creature, may be caught with a dish of oil into which it falls while looking at its own reflection.

2717: 3225: 934:, crows have shown the ability to both activate public drinking fountains and adjust the water flow to appropriate levels for either bathing or drinking. 2061: 872:" to establish pecking order. They have been found to engage in activities such as sports, tool use, the ability to hide and store food across seasons, 3512:

Alexander, G.; Mann, T.; Mulhearn, C. J.; Rowley, I. C. R.; Williams, D.; Winn, D. (1967). "Activities of foxes and crows in a flock of lambing ewes".

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genus makes up a third of the species in the family Corvidae. The members appear to have evolved in Asia from the corvid stock, which had evolved in

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Crow nestlings in urban areas face threats such as nest entanglement from anthropogenic nesting materials and stunted growth due to poor nutrition.

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about the same relative size as the functionally equivalent neocortex in chimpanzees and humans, and significantly larger than is found in the

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Marzluff, J., Bowman, R. and Donnelly, R. (2001). Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

8336: 7701: 370:; those discovered later were named "crow" or "raven" chiefly on the basis of their size, crows generally being smaller. The genus name is 8261: 1400:

runs, "The swans will sing when the jackdaws are silent," meaning that educated or wise people will speak after the foolish become quiet.

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Caccamise, D., Reed, L. and Stouffer, P. (1997). Roosting Behavior and Group Territoriality in American Crows. The Auk, 114(4), 628-637.

1975: 1670:– whose name means "crow" or "raven"—is associated with corvids and death; tradition holds that Bran's severed head is buried under the 8271: 6476: 552:

and surrounding islands, with numerous species endemic to islands in the area; other areas with a large number of crow species include

8291: 7046: 1951: 1037:; only a few dozen birds survive in captivity. It is listed as "extinct in the wild" by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 9107: 3025: 3829: 1697:, especially those in the Pacific Northwest, the raven is seen as both the Creator of the World and, separately, a trickster god. 1682:

particularly—are associated with death and the "other world", and must be greeted respectfully. The origin of "counting crows" as

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of Crete and was punished for her avarice by being transformed into an equally avaricious jackdaw, which still seeks shiny things.

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Countless incidents are recorded of corvids at play. Many behaviourists see play as an essential quality in intelligent animals.

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songs. A 2019 study showed that ravens are the most frequent birds mentioned in heavy metal lyrics, while crows are the fourth (

1674:, facing France—a possible genesis for the practice of keeping ravens in the Tower, said to protect the fortunes of Britain. In 1049:. The American crow, despite having its population reduced by 45% since 1999 by the West Nile virus, is considered a species of 1479: 4409: 4390: 4371: 4352: 4329: 4306: 4287: 4190: 4105: 4058: 3987: 3960: 3911: 3876: 3771: 3729: 3702: 3648: 3548: 2811: 2560: 2533: 2128: 1959: 1843:

Garcia-Porta, Joan; Sol, Daniel; Pennell, Matt; Sayol, Ferran; Kaliontzopoulou, Antigoni; Botero, Carlos A. (21 April 2022).

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Baha'u'llah on Hinduism and Zoroastrianism: The Tablet to Mirza Abu'l-Fadl Concerning the Questions of Manakji Limji Hataria

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Heinrich, B. (1988). "Winter foraging at carcasses by three sympatric corvids, with emphasis on recruitment by the raven,

1761:, a very old sage in the form of a crow, Bhusunda, recalls a succession of epochs in the earth's history, as described in 6845: 745: 3190: 8108: 7112: 4478: 2352:"Common ravens, Corvus corax, preferentially associate with grey wolves, Canis lupus, as a foraging strategy in winter" 992:

A crow's nest is made of materials such as twigs, electrical wire, metal strips, plastic pieces, and other small items.

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scale. Wild hooded crows in Israel have learned to use bread crumbs for bait-fishing. Crows engage in a kind of midair

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the form of mother goddess that invokes quarrel and fear. Crows are also fed during the fifteen day period of

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containers, feeding pets indoors, and hanging tin pie-pans or reflective gazing globes around garden areas.

801: 7051: 3119: 8930: 9016: 9003: 6787: 6739: 4630: 3131: 2105: 2010: 1220: 9021: 6991: 6976: 6768: 6625: 4430: 1910: 1338: 1009:. American crows typically die within one week of acquiring the disease and very few survive exposure. 916: 9226: 7622: 2427: 2351: 9239: 9187: 7074: 7001: 6462: 6108: 6099: 4869: 1743: 3379:

Conover, M. R. (1985). "Protecting vegetables from crows using an animated crow-killing owl model".

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Heinrich, B.; Marzluff, J. M. (1991). "Do common ravens yell because they want to attract others?".

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Zailer, Xenia (2013). "Dark Shades of Power: the Crow in Hindu and Tantric Religious Traditions".

3565: 3354:"National Geographic News. 2010. Crow meat comes back—boost sexual potency? Accessed. 17 Oct 2013" 2400: 1575:, many Hindus prepare entire vegetarian meals that are eaten solely by the crows and other birds. 6698: 1187: 1180: 20: 4050: 4044: 3868: 3858: 3640: 3634: 1041:

Two species of crows have been listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - the

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farmer. Crows and ravens often score very highly on intelligence tests. Certain species top the

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Growth and nutritional state of American crow nestlings vary between urban and rural habitats.

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Chamberlain, Dwight R; Cornwell, George W (1971). "Selected Vocalizations of the Common Crow".

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Soares, Henrique M.; Tomotani, João, V.; Tomotani, Barbara M.; Salvador, Rodrigo B. (2019).

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is British; however, the British version rather is to "count magpies"—their black and white

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Gorenzel, W. P.; Blackwell, B. F.; Simmons, G. D.; Salmon, T. P.; Dolbeer, R. A. (2002).

2828: 2274: 1914: 1140: 880: 837: 401: 4242: 2913: 2870: 1860: 1667: 919:(communication about things that are not immediately present, spatially or temporally). 8768: 7776: 7011: 6954: 6405: 6387: 6360: 6342: 5787: 5760: 5612: 5488: 5284: 5139: 5121: 4851: 4827: 4254: 3839: 3472: 3396: 3335: 3282: 3078: 3051: 2925: 2882: 2671: 2640: 2499: 2474: 2455: 2379: 2322: 2297: 2204: 1887: 1844: 1598: 1509: 1317: 1295: 809:

Along with other birds, ravens have been known to associate with other animals such as

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tryst with a mortal, his ire transmuting the crow's feathers from white to black.

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Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition

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The Number Sense: How the Mind Creates Mathematics, Revised and Updated Edition

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New research indicates that crows are among the brightest animals in the world.

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sea to fish, and it was common to catch 150 to 200 birds during a hunting day.

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In Ancient Greece and Rome, several myths about crows and jackdaws included:

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in the day-to-day search for food. On 5 October 2007, researchers from the

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Audio clip of the call of a Common Raven from the Yellowstone sound library

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Weaving and Binding: Immigrant Gods and Female Immortals in Ancient Japan

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account at 1 Kings 17:6, ravens are credited with providing Elijah food.

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https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wildlife/files/2019/03/SWAP-2015-Alala-Final.pdf

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Comparative Vertebrate Cognition: Are Primates Superior to Non-Primates?

9112: 8883: 8869: 8846: 8748: 8741: 8699: 8643: 8598: 8515: 8472: 8389: 8305: 8216: 8209: 8202: 8174: 8154: 8053: 8039: 7928: 7854: 7812: 7727: 7717: 7487: 7429: 7406: 7383: 7292: 7285: 7216: 7209: 7195: 6971: 6832: 6588: 6503: 6427: 6237: 6156: 6123: 6004: 5957: 5948: 5712: 5497: 5443: 4958: 4612: 4524: 4518: 3400: 3339: 3100: 2976:""Genius" crow that twists the water tap Drinking, bathing, adjustable" 2921: 2878: 2753: 2208: 2144: 1770: 1418: 892: 848: 780: 692: 613:); others named by Linnaeus in the same work include the carrion crow ( 553: 549: 95: 60: 3525: 3316:"Abundance and Projected Control of Invasive House Crows in Singapore" 3277: 3132:

https://unipub.uni-graz.at/obvugrhs/content/titleinfo/2679337/full.pdf

2490: 2426:

Vucetich, John A.; Peterson, Rolf O.; Waite, Thomas A. (1 June 2004).

1369: 923: 903:

The western jackdaw and the Eurasian magpie have been found to have a

9055: 8855: 8831: 8811: 8685: 8678: 8671: 8664: 8564: 8536: 8409: 8298: 8281: 8230: 8223: 8181: 8126: 7997: 7976: 7948: 7819: 7710: 7681: 7672: 7661: 7593: 7562: 7417: 7392: 7343: 7237: 6806: 6703: 6530: 6513: 6454: 6369: 6324: 6300: 6264: 6183: 5901: 5778: 5769: 5721: 5365: 3834: 1821: 1564: 1483: 1422: 1358: 1291: 965: 896: 833: 700: 569: 541: 517: 390: 336: 211: 171: 100: 44: 9125: 8950: 4364:

Crows and Jays: A Guide to the Crows, Jays, and Magpies of the World

3392: 3331: 2104:(in Latin). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 824. Archived from 1353: 1169: 625:), and two species which have since been moved to other genera, the 9060: 8973: 8862: 8734: 8636: 8550: 8529: 8429: 8398: 8371: 8364: 8244: 8165: 8147: 8046: 8011: 7983: 7939: 7741: 7734: 7460: 7223: 7174: 7159: 7141: 7122: 6870: 6543: 6518: 6132: 5876: 5814: 5087: 4916: 4842: 4546: 4506: 4500: 4488: 3226:"Pacific Region Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service" 3210:. Penn State Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics. Archived from 1792: 1583: 1548: 1502: 1494: 988: 927: 865: 861: 545: 497: 492: 466: 447: 343: 274: 231: 221: 191: 90: 85: 70: 65: 55: 2799: 2617: 2350:

Stahler, Daniel; Heinrich, Bernd; Smith, Douglas (1 August 2002).

2183:

Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative and Ecological Perspectives

1458: 9247: 9047: 8713: 8571: 8557: 8326: 8060: 8032: 7990: 7847: 7761: 7690: 7436: 7399: 7251: 7153: 6723: 6667: 6657: 5824: 5020: 4602: 3617: 1687: 1645: 1541: 1426: 1397: 1034: 976: 843: 650: 120: 105: 80: 4320:

Mind of the Raven: Investigations and Adventures with Wolf-Birds

3952:

Essentials of Shinto: An Analytical Guide to Principal Teachings

788:

Crows and the other members of the genus make a wide variety of

400:

Recent research has found some crow species capable of not only

354:, and rooks. The species commonly encountered in Europe are the 8445: 8418: 7833: 7352: 7135: 7120: 6578: 5159: 4781: 4566: 3251:

Lim, H. C., N. S. Sodhi, B. W. Brook, and M. C. K. Soh (2003).

2945:"Carrion Crow manipulating water taps for drinking and bathing" 2944: 1815: 1788: 1739: 1683: 1679: 1656: 1572: 1552: 1534: 1505:

is represented by a crow in one of his physical/earthly forms.

908: 810: 565: 564:, and Australia. A high density of endemics is also present in 533: 529: 181: 4383:

The Language of Crows: The Crows.net Book of the American Crow

3666: 3446: 3356:. News.nationalgeographic.com. 28 October 2010. Archived from 3314:

Brook, B. W.; Sodhi, N. S.; Soh, M. C. K.; Lim, H. C. (2003).

3134:

The quality of breeding-pair relationships in ravens and crows

1783:

Both ravens and crows have commonly featured in the lyrics of

420: 9221: 8074: 6728: 6662: 4176: 1594:

and bury the corpse of my brother?' So he became regretful."

1452: 1444: 1085:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

931: 704: 451: 371: 351: 332: 3145:

http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/american_crow/lifehistory

2472: 1433:

are fabled to have bribed the jackdaws to spare their crops.

1384: 6489: 5251: 4512: 3511: 1842: 1725: 1649: 1523: 1404: 884: 814: 347: 339: 201: 4402:

The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric Life of New Zealand

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cherished jackdaws for destroying grasshoppers' eggs. The

5994: 5938: 4906: 4450: 4361: 3421:. Internet Center for Wildlife Management. Archived from 3143:

Allaboutbirds.org, (2014). American Crow. Available at:

2275:"Ravens: The Wolf's "Wingman" | Wolf Conservation Center" 1690:

colouring alluding to the realms of the living and dead.

1644:

are a pair of common ravens that range the entire world,

4435: 4049:. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. pp. 2578:"Science/Nature | Crows and jays top bird IQ scale" 2473:

Gallego-Abenza, M.; Loretto, M. C.; Bugnyar, T. (2020).

1818:

for the Greek myth of why the raven's feathers are black

4443:- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Oxford University 3717: 3639:. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. p. 486: 342:

ranging from medium-sized to large-sized in the family

1563:

to crows is still in vogue. Crows are associated with

1501:

disciplines. The Dharmapala (protector of the Dharma)

985:

help nesting pairs protect a nest and feed nestlings.

836:

relationship between ravens and wolves is shown to be

4486: 2638: 2425: 8332: 8287: 8277: 8267: 8257: 7723: 7456: 7425: 3891: 2829:"Friend or Foe? Crows Never Forget a Face, It Seems" 2349: 1909: 1659:, ravens are held to be the ghosts of murdered men. 4091: 3948: 3766:. Oxford University Press. pp. 95–96 and 231. 2428:"Raven scavenging favours group foraging in wolves" 2194: 1194:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 955:or house crow resting in shadows on a rooftop with 4340: 4317: 3449:"Evaluation of lasers to disperse American crows, 2521: 1056: 3619:Collected Works of Erasmus: Adages: Ivi1 to Ix100 397:for a group of crows is a "flock" or a "murder". 9267: 4400:Worthy, Trevor H.; Holdaway, Richard N. (2002). 4199: 3982:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 100–103. 3827: 3615: 3563: 3313: 3049: 2899: 2716:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1765:. He survived several destructions, living on a 1537:, who shot down nine crows and spared only one. 16:Genus of birds including crows, ravens and rooks 5874: 5085: 4114: 3050:Blum, C. R.; Fitch, W. T.; Bugnyar, T. (2020). 1742:became enraged when the crow exposed his lover 4129: 3667:Thompson, D'Arcy Wentworth (1895). "Jackdaw". 3543:. Queensland University Press, St Lucia, Qld. 3514:Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3378: 2747: 2639:Prior, H.; Schwarz, A.; Güntürkün, O. (2008). 2250:"Can crows talk like parrots? (Facts + Video)" 1611: 7106: 6470: 5046: 4472: 3975: 3599:"Birds that bring gifts and do the gardening" 3052:"Memorial University Libraries - Proxy Login" 3026:"Memorial University Libraries - Proxy Login" 2800:Rogers, Lesley J.; Kaplan, Gisela T. (2004). 2698:. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012 2475:"Memorial University Libraries - Proxy Login" 2298:"Memorial University Libraries - Proxy Login" 2068:. NG Society. 9 December 2004. Archived from 1083:The examples and perspective in this section 4436:Crows.net: The Language and Culture of Crows 4158:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3662: 3660: 3299:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2143: 2123:(5 ed.). London: Cassell. p. 883. 1947:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names 1364: 1357:Crow pictured in the former coat of arms of 1320:for raiding date crops in desert countries. 645:species are now considered to be members of 536:, and Australia. The center of diversity of 4203:The Crows: A Study of the Corvids of Europe 3622:. University of Toronto Press. p. 314. 2806:. New York, New York: Springer. p. 9. 2062:"Crows as Clever as Great Apes, Study Says" 1838: 1836: 446:) scavenging on a dead shark at a beach in 7113: 7099: 6477: 6463: 4564: 4479: 4465: 3955:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 96. 3724:. Stanford University Press. p. 102. 3675: 3538: 3413: 2528:. Oxford University Press. pp. 289–. 1396:An ancient Greek and Roman adage, told by 1101:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 412:equal to that of many non-human primates. 133: 7047:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 3657: 3276: 3208:"Why West Nile virus kills so many crows" 3077: 3067: 2670: 2660: 2498: 2321: 1886: 1868: 1254:Learn how and when to remove this message 1117:Learn how and when to remove this message 381:occur on all temperate continents except 5899: 5110: 4177:Burton, Maurice; Burton, Robert (2002). 4138:"Bird biodiversity in heavy metal songs" 4042: 3632: 3457:International Journal of Pest Management 3191:Crow Believed to Be Oldest in World Dies 3179:"Frequently Asked Questions About Crows" 2973: 2852: 2722:, Associated Press via Discovery Channel 2641:"Mirror-Induced Behavior in the Magpie ( 2094: 1833: 1457: 1383: 1368: 1352: 1337: 1128: 1016: 987: 975: 945: 842: 819: 800: 687: 496: 434: 419: 346:. It includes species commonly known as 4183:The International Wildlife Encyclopedia 3899:The Oxford Companion to World Mythology 3852: 3228:. Fws.gov. 23 June 2011. Archived from 2942: 2826: 2820: 2548: 2181:Bekoff, Mark & Byers, John (1998). 2118: 2000: 1943: 999: 9268: 6484: 5822: 4427:Frequently Asked Questions About Crows 4380: 4343:The American Crow and the Common Raven 3855:"Tara, Chinnamasta and the Mahavidyas" 3800: 3681: 3582: 3532: 2575: 2395: 2393: 2295: 2147:; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). 1994: 1919:"Crows, mudnesters, birds-of-paradise" 1327: 1012: 583:The genus was originally described by 8955: 8954: 8124: 7638: 7172: 7094: 6458: 5873: 5259: 5084: 4543: 4460: 4098:Encyclopedia of Greco-Roman Mythology 4004:"Common Ravens - Species Information" 2693:Schmid, Randolph E. (5 October 2007) 2401:"Naturalist Notes: Wolves and Ravens" 2345: 2343: 2341: 2247: 1925:. International Ornithologists' Union 1704: 1407:saw the crow as a harbinger of rain ( 9296:Extant Burdigalian first appearances 9253:12B699E7-1B57-4AC4-818D-0176831A2EE2 9227:AFE60C31-857A-373C-3F4C-854E47F06B62 9188:4eef13ee-0a40-41a8-bcbb-ea3d0e618eda 9100:a2e6ca20-04a7-48e2-aa18-ecc63decf9b5 4362:Madge, Steve; Burn, Hillary (1994). 4185:. Vol. 10. Marshall Cavendish. 3759: 3744:This mythology comes from a text in 3585:"The girl who gets gifts from birds" 2827:Nijhuis, Michelle (25 August 2008). 2748:Katrina Bolton (15 September 2007). 1978:. Word-detective.com. Archived from 1950:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 1310: 1192:adding citations to reliable sources 1163: 1069: 710: 487:Evolutionary history and systematics 312: 5167: 4544: 4315: 4296: 4231:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 3902:. Oxford University Press. p. 2902:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2859:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2390: 1559:, the practice of offering food or 13: 7639: 4347:. Texas A&M University Press. 4277: 4169: 3381:The Journal of Wildlife Management 3320:The Journal of Wildlife Management 2974:Sugimoto, Takashi (2 March 2019). 2614:"Crow tubing upon a slide (video)" 2338: 2054: 2025: 2003:"Crow Makes Wire Hook to Get Food" 1937: 1903: 1290:Crows were hunted for survival by 895:have learned how to eat the toxic 734: 14: 9312: 4420: 4399: 4338: 4046:Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery 3828:Vasudevan, Vidia (26 July 2001). 3636:Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery 3583:Sewall, Katy (25 February 2015). 3564:Krulwich, Robert (27 July 2009). 3122:Forest Birds - Corvus hawaiiensis 2576:Rincon, Paul (22 February 2005). 2001:Winkler, Robert (8 August 2002). 980:Nestlings, almost ready to fledge 524:and radiated out from there into 469:represent the larger passerines. 8935: 8929: 8924: 8918: 8107: 8102: 7621: 7616: 6624: 3838:. Chennai, India. Archived from 3718:Kovacs, Maureen Gallery (1989). 2645:): Evidence of Self-Recognition" 2302:Proceedings. Biological Sciences 2150:Check-List of Birds of the World 1923:IOC World Bird List Version 14.2 1695:some Native American mythologies 1586:, the goddess of war and death. 1276: 1168: 1150: 1074: 779:Problems playing this file? See 753: 158: 48: 4282:. Queensland University Press. 4220: 4085: 4067: 4036: 4022: 3996: 3969: 3942: 3920: 3885: 3846: 3821: 3794: 3780: 3753: 3738: 3711: 3626: 3609: 3591: 3576: 3557: 3505: 3483: 3440: 3407: 3372: 3346: 3307: 3244: 3218: 3200: 3184: 3171: 3158: 3149: 3137: 3125: 3113: 3094: 3043: 3018: 2993: 2967: 2936: 2893: 2846: 2793: 2767: 2741: 2725: 2687: 2632: 2606: 2595: 2569: 2542: 2515: 2466: 2419: 2289: 2267: 2241: 2215: 2188: 2175: 2166: 2157: 2137: 1476:Australian Aboriginal mythology 1179:needs additional citations for 1057:Problems and methods of control 971: 854: 594:. The name is derived from the 6776:The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck 4006:. Avianweb.com. Archived from 3865:University of California Press 2112: 2088: 1968: 415: 379:46 or so members of this genus 1: 8125: 7052:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust 4631:Black racket-tailed treepie ( 4381:Westerfield, Michael (2011). 3892:Leeming, David Adams (2005). 3763:Handbook of Chinese Mythology 2696:"Crows Bend Twigs Into Tools" 2444:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.06.018 1827: 1709: 1493:Crows are mentioned often in 1443:was bribed with gold by King 1334:Cultural depictions of ravens 653:species have been described. 7173: 4441:Tool making and use by Crows 4404:. Indiana University Press. 4092:Dixon-Kennedy, Mike (1998). 3949:Picken, Stuart D.B. (1994). 3181:, Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2662:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060202 2555:. Keeok Park. pp. 19–. 2039:. PBS video. 24 October 2010 1795:being the second and third). 1582:, crows are associated with 7: 9301:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 6788:Jonathan Livingston Seagull 6740:The Conference of the Birds 6109:White-throated Magpie-jay ( 6100:Black-throated magpie-jay ( 4870:Yellow-billed blue magpie ( 3693:. London: Penguin. p. 3257:Journal of Tropical Ecology 2943:Higuchi, Hiroyoshi (2019). 2522:Dehaene, Stanislas (2011). 1799: 1633:(hangul: 삼족오; hanja: 三足烏). 1159: 1133:Skeleton of American crow ( 1097:, discuss the issue on the 805:Wolf and ravens associating 796: 683: 385:, and several islands. The 10: 9317: 7070:Human–dinosaur coexistence 6769:A History of British Birds 6575:In mythology and religion 4810:Indochinese green magpie ( 4431:Cornell Lab of Ornithology 4075:"The Crow and the Pitcher" 3853:Kinsley, David R. (1988). 3453:, from urban night roosts" 2616:. Wimp.com. Archived from 2121:Cassell's Latin Dictionary 1870:10.1038/s41467-022-29707-5 1439:In Greek legend, princess 1331: 1285: 1265: 1065: 672: 668: 490: 465:, which together with the 18: 8963: 8916: 8845: 8821: 8787: 8778: 8758: 8626: 8588: 8491: 8482: 8455: 8428: 8408: 8388: 8164: 8137: 8133: 8120: 8100: 7938: 7918: 7884: 7864: 7795: 7775: 7751: 7700: 7680: 7671: 7651: 7647: 7634: 7614: 7592: 7572: 7545: 7518: 7470: 7416: 7382: 7362: 7342: 7322: 7302: 7275: 7185: 7181: 7168: 7130: 7075:Category:Birds and humans 7062: 7002:Henry Constantine Richter 6944: 6906: 6676: 6633: 6622: 6496: 6418: 6322: 6154: 6121: 6084: 6002: 5992: 5946: 5936: 5890: 5886: 5869: 5813: 5249: 5156: 5101: 5097: 5080: 5037: 5011: 4956: 4914: 4904: 4840: 4789: 4778: 4752: 4721: 4643: 4610: 4601: 4557: 4553: 4539: 4495: 4487:Extant species of family 4339:Kilham, Lawrence (1991). 4251:10.1017/S1477201903001019 4200:Coombs, Franklin (1978). 4030:"Medieval Bestiary: Crow" 3669:A Glossary of Greek Birds 3616:Mynors, Roger A. (1989). 3469:10.1080/09670870210151689 3269:10.1017/s0266467403006084 3069:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581794 1944:Jobling, James A (2010). 1612: 1365:In folklore and mythology 512:The members of the genus 308: 301: 287: 282: 266: 259: 155:Scientific classification 153: 141: 132: 34: 7125:and their extinct allies 6687:Bird-and-flower painting 4861:Red-billed blue magpie ( 4762:Ratchet-tailed treepie ( 4316:Heinrich, Bernd (1999). 4297:Heinrich, Bernd (1991). 4100:. ABC-CLIO. p. 93. 3572:. National Public Radio. 2066:National Geographic News 1777: 727: 410:encephalization quotient 331:is a widely distributed 6036:Woodhouse's scrub jay ( 5731:Hispaniolan palm crow ( 5056:Stresemann's bushcrow ( 4879:Sri Lanka blue magpie ( 4691:White-bellied treepie ( 4142:Journal of Geek Studies 3815:10.1558/rosa.v7i1-3.212 3803:Religions of South Asia 3193:. Associated Press via 3166:Ecological Applications 3056:Frontiers in Psychology 941: 719: 575:The diversification of 21:Corvus (disambiguation) 7042:BirdLife International 6982:John Gerrard Keulemans 6934:of the Tower of London 6795:In theatre and ballet 6604:Driven grouse shooting 6334:Silvery-throated jay ( 6018:California scrub jay ( 5595:Eastern carrion crow ( 5188:Yellow-billed magpie ( 4990:Turkestan ground jay ( 4981:Mongolian ground jay ( 4819:Bornean green magpie ( 4740:Bornean black magpie ( 4731:Malayan black magpie ( 4324:. Cliff Street Books. 3976:Como, Michael (2009). 3928:"Surat Al-Maidah 5:31" 3750:, among other sources. 3106:9 October 2014 at the 2368:10.1006/anbe.2002.3047 2314:10.1098/rspb.1999.0917 2119:Simpson, D.P. (1979). 1976:"Murder of Crows, etc" 1917:, eds. (August 2024). 1471: 1389: 1381: 1361: 1350: 1143: 1038: 993: 981: 960: 851: 828: 806: 739: 707: 509: 454: 432: 9209:Paleobiology Database 6175:Purplish-backed jay ( 5920:Azure-winged magpie ( 5480:Eastern jungle crow ( 5435:Slender-billed crow ( 5339:New Caledonian crow ( 5233:Black-rumped magpie ( 5179:Black-billed magpie ( 4972:Xinjiang ground jay ( 4888:White-winged magpie ( 4801:Common green magpie ( 4682:Black-faced treepie ( 4043:de Vries, Ad (1976). 3721:The Epic of Gilgamesh 3671:. Oxford. p. 89. 3633:de Vries, Ad (1976). 3451:Corvus brachyrhynchos 2980:Asahi Shimbun Digital 2602:Bait-Fishing in Crows 1849:Nature Communications 1461: 1387: 1372: 1356: 1341: 1132: 1020: 991: 979: 949: 846: 826: 804: 765:Corvus brachyrhynchos 747:Corvus brachyrhynchos 738: 691: 601:meaning "raven". The 516:are believed to have 500: 491:Further information: 438: 423: 147:Corvus brachyrhynchos 25:Crow (disambiguation) 9095:Fauna Europaea (new) 6960:The Birds of America 6746:Ode to a Nightingale 6406:White-collared jay ( 6388:Black-throated jay ( 6361:White-throated jay ( 6343:Black-collared jay ( 5788:Thick-billed raven ( 5761:White-necked raven ( 5613:Brown-necked raven ( 5489:Indian jungle crow ( 5140:Kashmir nutcracker ( 5131:Clark's nutcracker ( 5122:Spotted nutcracker ( 4999:Iranian ground jay ( 4852:Taiwan blue magpie ( 4828:Javan green magpie ( 4366:. Houghton Mifflin. 4278:Goodwin, D. (1983). 4221:Gill, B. J. (2003). 3788:The Atlantic Monthly 3760:Yang, Lihui (2008). 2248:birdy (6 May 2022). 1767:wish-fulfilling tree 1616:, "eight-hand-crow") 1589:In Islam, the Surat 1188:improve this article 1136:Corvus brachyrhychos 1095:improve this section 1000:Lifespan and disease 889:University of Oxford 874:episodic-like memory 548:, and the island of 444:Corvus macrorhynchos 19:For other uses, see 6997:Roger Tory Peterson 6256:Bushy-crested jay ( 6202:Plush-crested jay ( 6166:Black-chested jay ( 6054:Transvolcanic jay ( 6045:Florida scrub jay ( 5695:White-necked crow ( 5559:Mesopotamian crow ( 5471:Large-billed crow ( 5384:White-billed crow ( 5321:Bougainville crow ( 5312:Brown-headed crow ( 4585:Red-billed chough ( 4447:"A Murder of Crows" 4243:2003JSPal...1...43G 3830:"It's a crow's day" 3539:Goodwin D. (1983). 2914:1991BEcoS..28...13H 2871:1988BEcoS..23..141H 2731:See also the video 2620:on 19 December 2013 2405:Yellowstone Forever 2308:(1435): 2261–2267. 2296:Berger, J. (1999). 2072:on 12 December 2004 2033:"A Murder of Crows" 2013:on 15 February 2006 2007:National Geographic 1861:2022NatCo..13.2086G 1755:, a chapter of the 1648:, bringing the god 1328:Cultural depictions 1318:brown-necked ravens 1141:Museum of Osteology 1013:Conservation status 881:New Caledonian crow 7777:Machaerirhynchidae 7012:Archibald Thorburn 6955:John James Audubon 6352:Azure-hooded jay ( 6274:White-tailed jay ( 6211:Curl-crested jay ( 6027:Island scrub jay ( 5668:Chihuahuan raven ( 5604:Fan-tailed raven ( 5375:Long-billed crow ( 5294:Australian raven ( 4700:Sumatran treepie ( 4453:documentary (2010) 4280:Crows of the World 3894:"Crows and ravens" 3687:"Scylla and Nisus" 3566:"The Crow Paradox" 3541:Crows of the World 3232:on 15 October 2018 2922:10.1007/BF00172134 2879:10.1007/BF00300349 2833:The New York Times 2277:. 28 February 2019 2229:on 3 February 2023 1913:; Donsker, David; 1705:In popular culture 1599:Japanese mythology 1472: 1390: 1382: 1362: 1351: 1144: 1039: 1031:Corvus hawaiiensis 994: 982: 961: 852: 829: 807: 740: 708: 649:, and at least 14 510: 463:thick-billed raven 455: 433: 9263: 9262: 9196:Open Tree of Life 8957:Taxon identifiers 8948: 8947: 8944: 8943: 8914: 8913: 8841: 8840: 8622: 8621: 8116: 8115: 8098: 8097: 7771: 7770: 7630: 7629: 7612: 7611: 7088: 7087: 7023:Conservationists 6992:Richard Lewington 6782:The Ugly Duckling 6599:Cormorant fishing 6526:Bird conservation 6452: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6247:Azure-naped jay ( 6229:White-naped jay ( 5988: 5987: 5932: 5931: 5865: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5809: 5808: 5704:Cuban palm crow ( 5697:C. leucognaphalus 5677:Tamaulipas crow ( 5661:C. brachyrhynchos 5245: 5244: 5206:Oriental magpie ( 5197:Eurasian magpie ( 5152: 5151: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5068: 5067: 5033: 5032: 4935:Lanceolated jay ( 4900: 4899: 4863:U. erythrorhyncha 4774: 4773: 4664:Bornean treepie ( 4655:Andaman treepie ( 4597: 4596: 4411:978-0-253-34034-4 4392:978-0-937992-00-5 4385:. Ashford Press. 4373:978-0-395-67171-9 4354:978-0-89096-466-8 4331:978-0-06-093063-9 4308:978-0-679-73236-5 4301:. Vintage Press. 4289:978-0-7022-1015-0 4192:978-0-7614-7266-7 4107:978-1-57607-129-8 4060:978-0-7204-8021-4 3989:978-0-8248-2957-5 3962:978-0-313-26431-3 3913:978-0-19-515669-0 3878:978-0-520-06339-6 3773:978-0-19-533263-6 3731:978-0-8047-1711-3 3704:978-0-14-001026-8 3650:978-0-7204-8021-4 3550:978-0-7022-1015-0 3526:10.1071/EA9670329 3168:, 19(4), 829-839. 3110:. crowbusters.com 3030:qe2a-proxy.mun.ca 2813:978-0-306-47727-0 2737:The Life of Birds 2735:, from the BBC's 2562:978-0-9843446-3-5 2535:978-0-19-975387-1 2491:10.1111/eth.12986 2130:978-0-304-52257-6 2108:on 19 March 2015. 1961:978-1-4081-2501-4 1915:Rasmussen, Pamela 1806:Corvus (heraldry) 1752:Story of Bhusunda 1642:Huginn and Muninn 1627:three-legged crow 1603:three-legged crow 1531:Chinese mythology 1515:Epic of Gilgamesh 1311:Human interaction 1264: 1263: 1256: 1238: 1127: 1126: 1119: 879:One species, the 824: 758: 711:Communal roosting 663:riparian habitats 504:Corvus frugilegus 481:Sexual dimorphism 324: 323: 255: 127: 9308: 9256: 9255: 9243: 9242: 9230: 9229: 9217: 9216: 9204: 9203: 9191: 9190: 9181: 9180: 9168: 9167: 9165:NHMSYS0000530312 9155: 9154: 9142: 9141: 9129: 9128: 9116: 9115: 9103: 9102: 9090: 9089: 9077: 9076: 9064: 9063: 9051: 9050: 9038: 9037: 9025: 9024: 9012: 9011: 8999: 8998: 8997: 8984: 8983: 8982: 8952: 8951: 8939: 8933: 8928: 8922: 8785: 8784: 8489: 8488: 8334: 8289: 8279: 8269: 8259: 8135: 8134: 8122: 8121: 8111: 8106: 7786:Machaerirhynchus 7725: 7678: 7677: 7649: 7648: 7636: 7635: 7625: 7620: 7458: 7427: 7304:Eulacestomatidae 7183: 7182: 7170: 7169: 7115: 7108: 7101: 7092: 7091: 6628: 6479: 6472: 6465: 6456: 6455: 6430:G. cyanocephalus 6292:Violaceous jay ( 6258:C. melanocyaneus 6093: 6063:Unicolored jay ( 6011: 6000: 5999: 5944: 5943: 5911:Iberian magpie ( 5897: 5896: 5888: 5887: 5881: 5871: 5870: 5820: 5819: 5790:C. crassirostris 5757: 5753:Tropical African 5655: 5651:Central American 5630: 5555: 5473:C. macrorhynchos 5431: 5401: 5348:Torresian crow ( 5314:C. fuscicapillus 5281: 5257: 5256: 5215:Maghreb magpie ( 5165: 5164: 5142:N. multipunctata 5124:N. caryocatactes 5108: 5107: 5099: 5098: 5092: 5082: 5081: 5044: 5043: 4965: 4912: 4911: 4787: 4786: 4709:Rufous treepie ( 4622:Hooded treepie ( 4608: 4607: 4562: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4541: 4540: 4481: 4474: 4467: 4458: 4457: 4415: 4396: 4377: 4358: 4346: 4335: 4323: 4312: 4299:Ravens in Winter 4293: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4265:on 12 April 2016 4261:. Archived from 4217: 4196: 4164: 4163: 4157: 4149: 4133: 4127: 4120:Cole, Juan R.I. 4118: 4112: 4111: 4094:"Coronis/Corvus" 4089: 4083: 4082: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4010:on 18 April 2014 4000: 3994: 3993: 3973: 3967: 3966: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3842:on 10 June 2012. 3825: 3819: 3818: 3809:(1–3): 212–229. 3798: 3792: 3791: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3757: 3751: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3664: 3655: 3654: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3605:. 10 March 2015. 3595: 3589: 3588: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3427: 3420: 3416:"American crows" 3411: 3405: 3404: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3298: 3290: 3280: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3214:on 11 June 2010. 3204: 3198: 3188: 3182: 3175: 3169: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3081: 3071: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2745: 2739: 2729: 2723: 2721: 2715: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2674: 2664: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2610: 2604: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2502: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2438:(6): 1117–1126. 2432:Animal Behaviour 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2397: 2388: 2387: 2356:Animal Behaviour 2347: 2336: 2335: 2325: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2225:. Archived from 2219: 2213: 2212: 2192: 2186: 2179: 2173: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2116: 2110: 2109: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2079: 2077: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2029: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2009:. Archived from 1998: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1941: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1890: 1872: 1840: 1676:Cornish folklore 1668:Brân the Blessed 1623:Korean mythology 1617: 1615: 1614: 1374:Crow on a Branch 1343:Crow on a Branch 1259: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1239: 1237: 1196: 1172: 1164: 1139:) on display at 1122: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1102: 1078: 1077: 1070: 952:Corvus splendens 825: 760: 759: 737: 697:Corvus splendens 631:Coloeus monedula 617:), hooded crow ( 589:10th edition of 408:animals with an 319: 315: 247: 163: 162: 137: 123:origin based on 118: 117: 47: 40:Temporal range: 32: 31: 9316: 9315: 9311: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9306: 9305: 9266: 9265: 9264: 9259: 9251: 9246: 9238: 9233: 9225: 9220: 9212: 9207: 9199: 9194: 9186: 9184: 9176: 9171: 9163: 9158: 9150: 9145: 9137: 9132: 9124: 9119: 9111: 9106: 9098: 9093: 9085: 9080: 9072: 9067: 9059: 9054: 9046: 9041: 9033: 9028: 9020: 9015: 9007: 9002: 8993: 8992: 8987: 8978: 8977: 8972: 8959: 8949: 8940: 8910: 8837: 8817: 8774: 8754: 8618: 8584: 8478: 8451: 8424: 8404: 8384: 8160: 8129: 8112: 8094: 7934: 7914: 7880: 7860: 7791: 7767: 7747: 7696: 7667: 7643: 7626: 7608: 7588: 7568: 7541: 7514: 7472:Pachycephalidae 7466: 7412: 7378: 7358: 7338: 7318: 7298: 7277:Cinclosomatidae 7271: 7177: 7164: 7126: 7119: 7089: 7084: 7058: 6940: 6902: 6672: 6629: 6620: 6492: 6483: 6453: 6436: 6414: 6397:Turquoise jay ( 6379:Beautiful jay ( 6318: 6285:C. sanblasianus 6213:C. cristatellus 6150: 6142:Steller's jay ( 6117: 6091: 6090: 6080: 6047:A. coerulescens 6009: 6008: 5984: 5978:P. internigrans 5928: 5892: 5882: 5879: 5853: 5844:Western jackdaw 5834:Daurian jackdaw 5805: 5750: 5740:Sinaloan crow ( 5686:Jamaican crow ( 5670:C. cryptoleucus 5659:American crow ( 5644: 5623: 5544: 5507:Collared crow ( 5482:C. levaillantii 5424: 5405:Hawaiian crow ( 5394: 5341:C. moneduloides 5303:Bismarck crow ( 5270: 5241: 5158: 5148: 5093: 5090: 5064: 5039: 5029: 5007: 4963: 4962: 4952: 4896: 4872:U. flavirostris 4836: 4780: 4770: 4748: 4717: 4639: 4593: 4576:Alpine chough ( 4549: 4535: 4491: 4485: 4423: 4418: 4412: 4393: 4374: 4355: 4332: 4309: 4290: 4268: 4266: 4214: 4193: 4172: 4170:Further reading 4167: 4151: 4150: 4134: 4130: 4119: 4115: 4108: 4090: 4086: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4061: 4041: 4037: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4013: 4011: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3990: 3974: 3970: 3963: 3947: 3943: 3933: 3931: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3914: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3851: 3847: 3826: 3822: 3799: 3795: 3790:. Vol. 34. 3786: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3758: 3754: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3716: 3712: 3705: 3680: 3676: 3665: 3658: 3651: 3631: 3627: 3614: 3610: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3581: 3577: 3570:Morning Edition 3562: 3558: 3551: 3537: 3533: 3510: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3445: 3441: 3431: 3429: 3428:on 11 June 2012 3425: 3418: 3414:Johnson, R. J. 3412: 3408: 3393:10.2307/3801687 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3360:on 11 June 2009 3352: 3351: 3347: 3332:10.2307/3802688 3312: 3308: 3292: 3291: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3195:Washington Post 3189: 3185: 3176: 3172: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3142: 3138: 3130: 3126: 3118: 3114: 3108:Wayback Machine 3099: 3095: 3048: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2972: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2941: 2937: 2898: 2894: 2851: 2847: 2837: 2835: 2825: 2821: 2814: 2798: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2781:. Ozanimals.com 2773: 2772: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2746: 2742: 2730: 2726: 2709: 2708: 2701: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2637: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2574: 2570: 2563: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2520: 2516: 2471: 2467: 2424: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2407:. 10 March 2020 2399: 2398: 2391: 2348: 2339: 2294: 2290: 2280: 2278: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2258: 2256: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2230: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2193: 2189: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2158: 2142: 2138: 2131: 2117: 2113: 2093: 2089: 2075: 2073: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2042: 2040: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2016: 2014: 1999: 1995: 1985: 1983: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1962: 1942: 1938: 1928: 1926: 1908: 1904: 1841: 1834: 1830: 1802: 1780: 1763:Hindu cosmology 1736:Greek mythology 1712: 1707: 1672:Tower of London 1664:Welsh mythology 1638:Norse mythology 1609: 1580:Irish mythology 1464:The Twa Corbies 1403:The Roman poet 1367: 1347:Kawanabe Kyosai 1336: 1330: 1313: 1288: 1279: 1270: 1260: 1249: 1243: 1240: 1197: 1195: 1185: 1173: 1162: 1153: 1123: 1112: 1106: 1103: 1092: 1079: 1075: 1068: 1059: 1015: 1007:West Nile virus 1002: 974: 944: 857: 847:Indian crow in 820: 799: 786: 785: 777: 775: 774: 773: 772: 761: 754: 751: 741: 735: 730: 722: 713: 686: 681: 671: 641:). At least 42 635:Eurasian magpie 627:western jackdaw 591:Systema Naturae 495: 489: 418: 395:collective name 317: 313: 278: 272: 246: 157: 128: 125:molecular clock 116: 115: 114: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 42: 41: 38: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9314: 9304: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9257: 9244: 9231: 9218: 9205: 9192: 9182: 9169: 9156: 9143: 9130: 9117: 9104: 9091: 9082:Fauna Europaea 9078: 9065: 9052: 9039: 9026: 9013: 9000: 8985: 8969: 8967: 8961: 8960: 8946: 8945: 8942: 8941: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8908: 8901: 8894: 8887: 8880: 8873: 8866: 8859: 8851: 8849: 8843: 8842: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8835: 8827: 8825: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8815: 8808: 8801: 8798:Chaetorhynchus 8793: 8791: 8782: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8772: 8764: 8762: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8752: 8745: 8738: 8731: 8724: 8717: 8710: 8703: 8696: 8689: 8682: 8675: 8668: 8661: 8654: 8647: 8640: 8632: 8630: 8624: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8616: 8609: 8602: 8594: 8592: 8590:Terpsiphoninae 8586: 8585: 8583: 8582: 8575: 8568: 8561: 8554: 8547: 8540: 8533: 8526: 8519: 8512: 8505: 8497: 8495: 8486: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8476: 8469: 8461: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8449: 8442: 8434: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8422: 8414: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8402: 8394: 8392: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8382: 8379:Zavattariornis 8375: 8368: 8361: 8354: 8347: 8340: 8330: 8323: 8316: 8309: 8302: 8295: 8285: 8275: 8265: 8255: 8248: 8241: 8234: 8227: 8220: 8213: 8206: 8199: 8192: 8185: 8178: 8170: 8168: 8162: 8161: 8159: 8158: 8151: 8143: 8141: 8131: 8130: 8118: 8117: 8114: 8113: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8085: 8078: 8071: 8064: 8057: 8050: 8043: 8036: 8029: 8022: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7980: 7973: 7966: 7959: 7952: 7944: 7942: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7924: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7912: 7905: 7898: 7890: 7888: 7886:Platysteiridae 7882: 7881: 7879: 7878: 7870: 7868: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7858: 7851: 7844: 7837: 7830: 7823: 7816: 7809: 7801: 7799: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7781: 7779: 7773: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7757: 7755: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7745: 7738: 7731: 7721: 7714: 7706: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7694: 7686: 7684: 7675: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7665: 7657: 7655: 7645: 7644: 7641:Malaconotoidea 7632: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7606: 7605: 7604: 7598: 7596: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7586: 7585: 7584: 7578: 7576: 7574:Malaconotoidea 7570: 7569: 7567: 7566: 7559: 7551: 7549: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7539: 7532: 7524: 7522: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7512: 7505: 7498: 7491: 7484: 7476: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7464: 7454: 7447: 7440: 7433: 7422: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7403: 7396: 7388: 7386: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7376: 7368: 7366: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7356: 7348: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7336: 7328: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7316: 7308: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7296: 7289: 7281: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7262: 7255: 7248: 7241: 7234: 7231:Cyanograucalus 7227: 7220: 7213: 7206: 7199: 7191: 7189: 7179: 7178: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7156: 7150: 7144: 7138: 7131: 7128: 7127: 7118: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7095: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7066: 7064: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7056: 7055: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7038:Organisations 7036: 7035: 7034: 7029: 7021: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6910: 6908: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6893: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6865: 6860: 6859: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6846:Animated films 6843: 6836: 6829: 6819: 6818: 6817: 6810: 6803: 6793: 6792: 6791: 6784: 6779: 6772: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6733: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6719:Gallic rooster 6716: 6711: 6706: 6696: 6695: 6694: 6692:Feather tights 6689: 6680: 6678: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6639: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6593: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6564:Model organism 6558: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6506: 6500: 6498: 6494: 6493: 6482: 6481: 6474: 6467: 6459: 6450: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6408:C. viridicyana 6403: 6394: 6385: 6376: 6367: 6358: 6349: 6340: 6336:C. argentigula 6330: 6328: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6312:C. yucatanicus 6307: 6298: 6289: 6283:San Blas jay ( 6280: 6271: 6262: 6253: 6244: 6235: 6226: 6220:Purplish jay ( 6217: 6208: 6199: 6190: 6181: 6172: 6162: 6160: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6139: 6129: 6127: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6115: 6106: 6096: 6094: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6069: 6060: 6056:A. ultramarina 6051: 6042: 6038:A. woodhouseii 6033: 6024: 6020:A. californica 6014: 6012: 5997: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5973: 5967:Siberian jay ( 5964: 5954: 5952: 5941: 5934: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5894: 5884: 5883: 5867: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5841: 5830: 5828: 5817: 5811: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5794: 5785: 5776: 5767: 5758: 5747: 5746: 5737: 5728: 5719: 5710: 5701: 5692: 5688:C. jamaicensis 5683: 5674: 5665: 5656: 5641: 5640: 5634:Common raven ( 5631: 5620: 5619: 5610: 5601: 5592: 5583: 5577:Carrion crow ( 5574: 5565: 5556: 5541: 5540: 5531: 5525:Banggai crow ( 5522: 5513: 5504: 5495: 5486: 5477: 5468: 5459: 5453:Palawan crow ( 5450: 5441: 5432: 5427:Tropical Asian 5421: 5420: 5414:Mariana crow ( 5411: 5407:C. hawaiiensis 5402: 5397:Pacific island 5391: 5390: 5381: 5372: 5363: 5357:Forest raven ( 5354: 5345: 5336: 5330:Little raven ( 5327: 5318: 5309: 5300: 5291: 5282: 5267: 5265: 5254: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5235:P. bottanensis 5230: 5221: 5217:P. mauritanica 5212: 5203: 5194: 5185: 5175: 5173: 5162: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5146: 5137: 5128: 5118: 5116: 5105: 5095: 5094: 5078: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5058:Z. stresemanni 5052: 5050: 5048:Zavattariornis 5041: 5035: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5027: 5017: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5005: 4996: 4987: 4978: 4968: 4966: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4950: 4941: 4937:G. lanceolatus 4932: 4926:Eurasian jay ( 4922: 4920: 4909: 4902: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4885: 4876: 4867: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4834: 4825: 4816: 4807: 4797: 4795: 4784: 4776: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4758: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4746: 4737: 4733:P. leucopterus 4727: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4715: 4706: 4702:D. occipitalis 4697: 4693:D. leucogastra 4688: 4679: 4673:Grey treepie ( 4670: 4666:D. cinerascens 4661: 4651: 4649: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4591: 4587:P. pyrrhocorax 4582: 4572: 4570: 4559: 4551: 4550: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4484: 4483: 4476: 4469: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4444: 4438: 4433: 4422: 4421:External links 4419: 4417: 4416: 4410: 4397: 4391: 4378: 4372: 4359: 4353: 4336: 4330: 4313: 4307: 4294: 4288: 4275: 4218: 4212: 4197: 4191: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4128: 4113: 4106: 4084: 4079:Aesop's Fables 4066: 4059: 4035: 4021: 3995: 3988: 3968: 3961: 3941: 3919: 3912: 3884: 3877: 3863:(1 ed.). 3845: 3820: 3793: 3779: 3772: 3752: 3737: 3730: 3710: 3703: 3674: 3656: 3649: 3625: 3608: 3590: 3575: 3556: 3549: 3531: 3504: 3491:"Crow hunting" 3482: 3439: 3406: 3387:(3): 643–645. 3371: 3345: 3306: 3263:(6): 685–695. 3243: 3217: 3199: 3183: 3177:McGowan, K.J. 3170: 3157: 3148: 3136: 3124: 3112: 3093: 3042: 3017: 2992: 2966: 2935: 2892: 2865:(3): 141–156. 2845: 2819: 2812: 2792: 2766: 2740: 2724: 2686: 2631: 2605: 2594: 2568: 2561: 2552:Numbers Are Us 2541: 2534: 2514: 2485:(4): 413–422. 2465: 2418: 2389: 2362:(2): 283–290. 2337: 2288: 2266: 2240: 2214: 2203:(3): 613–634. 2187: 2174: 2165: 2156: 2136: 2129: 2111: 2087: 2053: 2024: 1993: 1982:on 2 June 2012 1967: 1960: 1936: 1902: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1819: 1813: 1808: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1747: 1722: 1718:Aesop's Fables 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1469:Arthur Rackham 1449: 1448: 1437: 1434: 1417:noted how the 1412: 1401: 1366: 1363: 1329: 1326: 1312: 1309: 1287: 1284: 1278: 1275: 1262: 1261: 1176: 1174: 1167: 1161: 1158: 1152: 1149: 1125: 1124: 1089:of the subject 1087:worldwide view 1082: 1080: 1073: 1067: 1064: 1058: 1055: 1014: 1011: 1001: 998: 973: 970: 957:slaughterhouse 943: 940: 856: 853: 798: 795: 776: 762: 752: 744: 743: 742: 733: 732: 731: 729: 726: 721: 718: 712: 709: 685: 682: 673:Main article: 670: 667: 558:Southeast Asia 488: 485: 417: 414: 322: 321: 306: 305: 299: 298: 285: 284: 280: 279: 273: 264: 263: 257: 256: 239: 235: 234: 229: 225: 224: 219: 215: 214: 209: 205: 204: 199: 195: 194: 189: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 151: 150: 139: 138: 130: 129: 111: 110: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9313: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9281:Talking birds 9279: 9277: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9254: 9249: 9245: 9241: 9236: 9232: 9228: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9183: 9179: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9083: 9079: 9075: 9070: 9066: 9062: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9005: 9001: 8996: 8990: 8986: 8981: 8975: 8971: 8970: 8968: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8953: 8938: 8934: 8932: 8927: 8921: 8907: 8906: 8902: 8900: 8899: 8895: 8893: 8892: 8888: 8886: 8885: 8881: 8879: 8878: 8874: 8872: 8871: 8867: 8865: 8864: 8860: 8858: 8857: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8848: 8844: 8834: 8833: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8824: 8820: 8814: 8813: 8809: 8807: 8806: 8805:Eutrichomyias 8802: 8800: 8799: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8777: 8771: 8770: 8766: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8760:Platylophidae 8757: 8751: 8750: 8746: 8744: 8743: 8739: 8737: 8736: 8732: 8730: 8729: 8725: 8723: 8722: 8718: 8716: 8715: 8711: 8709: 8708: 8704: 8702: 8701: 8697: 8695: 8694: 8690: 8688: 8687: 8683: 8681: 8680: 8676: 8674: 8673: 8669: 8667: 8666: 8662: 8660: 8659: 8655: 8653: 8652: 8648: 8646: 8645: 8641: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8629: 8628:Paradisaeidae 8625: 8615: 8614: 8610: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8601: 8600: 8596: 8595: 8593: 8591: 8587: 8581: 8580: 8579:Symposiachrus 8576: 8574: 8573: 8569: 8567: 8566: 8562: 8560: 8559: 8555: 8553: 8552: 8548: 8546: 8545: 8541: 8539: 8538: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8523:Clytorhynchus 8520: 8518: 8517: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8506: 8504: 8503: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8494: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8481: 8475: 8474: 8470: 8468: 8467: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8457:Melampittidae 8454: 8448: 8447: 8443: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8431: 8427: 8421: 8420: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8407: 8401: 8400: 8396: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8387: 8381: 8380: 8376: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8362: 8360: 8359: 8355: 8353: 8352: 8348: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8339: 8338: 8331: 8329: 8328: 8324: 8322: 8321: 8317: 8315: 8314: 8310: 8308: 8307: 8303: 8301: 8300: 8296: 8294: 8293: 8286: 8284: 8283: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8266: 8264: 8263: 8256: 8254: 8253: 8249: 8247: 8246: 8242: 8240: 8239: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8228: 8226: 8225: 8221: 8219: 8218: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8198: 8197: 8193: 8191: 8190: 8186: 8184: 8183: 8179: 8177: 8176: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8163: 8157: 8156: 8152: 8150: 8149: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8123: 8119: 8110: 8105: 8091: 8090: 8089:Xenopirostris 8086: 8084: 8083: 8079: 8077: 8076: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8065: 8063: 8062: 8058: 8056: 8055: 8051: 8049: 8048: 8044: 8042: 8041: 8037: 8035: 8034: 8030: 8028: 8027: 8023: 8021: 8020: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7981: 7979: 7978: 7974: 7972: 7971: 7967: 7965: 7964: 7960: 7958: 7957: 7953: 7951: 7950: 7946: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7937: 7931: 7930: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7917: 7911: 7910: 7906: 7904: 7903: 7899: 7897: 7896: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7863: 7857: 7856: 7852: 7850: 7849: 7845: 7843: 7842: 7838: 7836: 7835: 7831: 7829: 7828: 7824: 7822: 7821: 7817: 7815: 7814: 7810: 7808: 7807: 7806:Chlorophoneus 7803: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7797:Malaconotidae 7794: 7788: 7787: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7774: 7764: 7763: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7744: 7743: 7739: 7737: 7736: 7732: 7730: 7729: 7722: 7720: 7719: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7693: 7692: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7670: 7664: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7637: 7633: 7624: 7619: 7602: 7601: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7595: 7591: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7571: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7558: 7557: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7544: 7538: 7537: 7533: 7531: 7530: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7520:Paramythiidae 7517: 7511: 7510: 7506: 7504: 7503: 7499: 7497: 7496: 7492: 7490: 7489: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7481:Colluricincla 7478: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7469: 7463: 7462: 7455: 7453: 7452: 7448: 7446: 7445: 7441: 7439: 7438: 7434: 7432: 7431: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7408: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7381: 7375: 7374: 7373:Daphoenositta 7370: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7361: 7355: 7354: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7324:Falcunculidae 7321: 7315: 7314: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7274: 7268: 7267: 7263: 7261: 7260: 7256: 7254: 7253: 7249: 7247: 7246: 7242: 7240: 7239: 7235: 7233: 7232: 7228: 7226: 7225: 7221: 7219: 7218: 7214: 7212: 7211: 7207: 7205: 7204: 7200: 7198: 7197: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7187:Campephagidae 7184: 7180: 7176: 7171: 7167: 7161: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7149: 7148:Passeriformes 7145: 7143: 7139: 7137: 7133: 7132: 7129: 7124: 7116: 7111: 7109: 7104: 7102: 7097: 7096: 7093: 7081: 7080:Zoomusicology 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7061: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6967:Thomas Bewick 6965: 6962: 6961: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6951:Illustrators 6950: 6949: 6947: 6943: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6897: 6896:Chicken dance 6894: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6882: 6881:Feather cloak 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6851:Chicken films 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6841: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6790: 6789: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6741: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6675: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6627: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6609:Plume hunting 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6549:Pigeon racing 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6480: 6475: 6473: 6468: 6466: 6461: 6460: 6457: 6433: 6431: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6409: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6315: 6313: 6310:Yucatan jay ( 6308: 6306: 6304: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6276:C. mystacalis 6272: 6270: 6268: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6231:C. cyanopogon 6227: 6225: 6223: 6222:C. cyanomelas 6218: 6216: 6214: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6193:Cayenne jay ( 6191: 6189: 6187: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6147: 6145: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6120: 6114: 6112: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6092:(Magpie-Jays) 6089: 6088: 6083: 6077: 6075: 6074:A. wollweberi 6072:Mexican jay ( 6070: 6068: 6066: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5991: 5981: 5979: 5976:Sichuan jay ( 5974: 5972: 5970: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5960:P. canadensis 5956: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5935: 5925: 5923: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5895: 5889: 5885: 5878: 5872: 5868: 5849: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5802: 5800: 5797:Somali crow ( 5795: 5793: 5791: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5763:C. albicollis 5759: 5756: 5754: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5724:C. ossifragus 5720: 5718: 5716: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5648: 5643: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5622: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5615:C. ruficollis 5611: 5609: 5607: 5606:C. rhipidurus 5602: 5600: 5598: 5597:C. orientalis 5593: 5591: 5589: 5588:C. frugilegus 5584: 5582: 5580: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5568:Hooded crow ( 5566: 5564: 5562: 5561:C. capellanus 5557: 5554: 5552: 5551:North African 5548: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534:Violet crow ( 5532: 5530: 5528: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5516:Piping crow ( 5514: 5512: 5510: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5491:C. culminatus 5487: 5485: 5483: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5462:Flores crow ( 5460: 5458: 5456: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5446:C. samarensis 5442: 5440: 5438: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5423: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5393: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5359:C. tasmanicus 5355: 5353: 5351: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5296:C. coronoides 5292: 5290: 5288: 5285:Little crow ( 5283: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5263: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5248: 5238: 5236: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5224:Asir magpie ( 5222: 5220: 5218: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5155: 5145: 5143: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5133:N. columbiana 5129: 5127: 5125: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5089: 5083: 5079: 5061: 5059: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5036: 5026: 5024: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5004: 5002: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4983:P. hendersoni 4979: 4977: 4975: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4964:(Ground jays) 4961: 4960: 4955: 4949: 4947: 4944:Lidth's jay ( 4942: 4940: 4938: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4928:G. glandarius 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4890:U. whiteheadi 4886: 4884: 4882: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4833: 4831: 4830:C. thalassina 4826: 4824: 4822: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4777: 4767: 4765: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4743: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4714: 4712: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4636: 4634: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4590: 4588: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4531:Passeriformes 4528: 4526: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4514: 4510: 4508: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4497: 4494: 4490: 4482: 4477: 4475: 4470: 4468: 4463: 4462: 4459: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4322: 4321: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4281: 4276: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4226: 4219: 4215: 4213:9780713413274 4209: 4205: 4204: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4174: 4161: 4155: 4148:(2): 111–126. 4147: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4125: 4124: 4117: 4109: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4070: 4062: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4039: 4031: 4025: 4009: 4005: 3999: 3991: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3972: 3964: 3958: 3954: 3953: 3945: 3929: 3923: 3915: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3888: 3880: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3849: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3789: 3783: 3775: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3756: 3749: 3748: 3741: 3733: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3714: 3706: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3670: 3663: 3661: 3652: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3629: 3621: 3620: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3586: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3560: 3552: 3546: 3542: 3535: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3492: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3452: 3443: 3424: 3417: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3310: 3302: 3296: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3247: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3197:(7 July 2006) 3196: 3192: 3187: 3180: 3174: 3167: 3161: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3133: 3128: 3121: 3116: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3046: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2981: 2977: 2970: 2954: 2950: 2949:British Birds 2946: 2939: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2896: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2849: 2834: 2830: 2823: 2815: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2796: 2780: 2778: 2770: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2719: 2713: 2697: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2644: 2635: 2619: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2598: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2564: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2549:Park, Keeok. 2545: 2537: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2469: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2406: 2402: 2396: 2394: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2292: 2276: 2270: 2255: 2251: 2244: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2178: 2169: 2160: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2140: 2132: 2126: 2122: 2115: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2091: 2084: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2050: 2038: 2034: 2028: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1997: 1981: 1977: 1971: 1963: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1940: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1839: 1837: 1832: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1759: 1758:Yoga Vasistha 1754: 1753: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1731:Metamorphoses 1727: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1714: 1713: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1653: 1652:information. 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1618:is depicted. 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1510:Chaldean myth 1506: 1504: 1500: 1497:, especially 1496: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1454: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1395: 1394: 1393: 1386: 1379: 1378:Maruyama Ōkyo 1375: 1371: 1360: 1355: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1325: 1321: 1319: 1308: 1305: 1304:Curonian Spit 1301: 1300:K. Donelaitis 1297: 1293: 1283: 1277:Other methods 1274: 1269: 1268:Bird trapping 1258: 1255: 1247: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1205: – 1204: 1200: 1199:Find sources: 1193: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1177:This article 1175: 1171: 1166: 1165: 1157: 1151:Scare tactics 1148: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1131: 1121: 1118: 1110: 1100: 1096: 1090: 1088: 1081: 1072: 1071: 1063: 1054: 1052: 1051:least concern 1048: 1044: 1043:Hawaiian crow 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1023:Hawaiian crow 1019: 1010: 1008: 997: 990: 986: 978: 969: 967: 959:refuse to eat 958: 954: 953: 948: 939: 935: 933: 929: 925: 920: 918: 912: 910: 906: 901: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 850: 845: 841: 839: 835: 818: 816: 812: 803: 794: 791: 784: 782: 770: 769:American crow 766: 750: 748: 725: 717: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 680: 678: 666: 664: 659: 658:fossil record 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 623:C. frugilegus 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 597: 593: 592: 586: 585:Carl Linnaeus 581: 578: 573: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 526:North America 523: 519: 515: 507: 505: 499: 494: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 468: 464: 460: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 430: 429:Corvus cornix 426: 422: 413: 411: 407: 403: 398: 396: 392: 388: 384: 383:South America 380: 375: 374:for "raven". 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 338: 334: 330: 329: 320: 311: 307: 304: 300: 297: 296: 294: 286: 281: 276: 271: 270: 265: 262: 258: 254: 250: 245: 244: 240: 237: 236: 233: 230: 227: 226: 223: 220: 217: 216: 213: 212:Passeriformes 210: 207: 206: 203: 200: 197: 196: 193: 190: 187: 186: 183: 180: 177: 176: 173: 170: 167: 166: 161: 156: 152: 148: 144: 143:American crow 140: 136: 131: 126: 122: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 46: 37: 33: 30: 26: 22: 8964: 8923: 8903: 8896: 8889: 8882: 8875: 8868: 8861: 8854: 8830: 8823:Rhipidurinae 8810: 8803: 8796: 8789:Lamproliinae 8780:Rhipiduridae 8767: 8747: 8740: 8733: 8728:Pteridophora 8726: 8719: 8712: 8707:Paradisornis 8705: 8698: 8691: 8684: 8677: 8670: 8663: 8656: 8649: 8642: 8635: 8613:Trochocercus 8611: 8604: 8597: 8577: 8570: 8563: 8556: 8549: 8542: 8535: 8528: 8521: 8514: 8507: 8500: 8471: 8466:Megalampitta 8464: 8444: 8439:Eurocephalus 8437: 8417: 8397: 8377: 8370: 8363: 8356: 8349: 8342: 8335: 8325: 8318: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8290: 8280: 8270: 8260: 8250: 8243: 8236: 8229: 8222: 8215: 8208: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8187: 8180: 8173: 8153: 8146: 8139:Corcoracidae 8087: 8080: 8073: 8068:Tephrodornis 8066: 8059: 8052: 8045: 8038: 8031: 8024: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7961: 7954: 7947: 7927: 7920:Rhagologidae 7907: 7900: 7893: 7873: 7866:Pityriasidae 7853: 7846: 7841:Rhodophoneus 7839: 7832: 7825: 7818: 7811: 7804: 7784: 7760: 7740: 7733: 7726: 7716: 7709: 7689: 7660: 7653:Aegithinidae 7561: 7554: 7534: 7527: 7509:Pseudorectes 7507: 7502:Pachycephala 7500: 7495:Melanorectes 7493: 7486: 7479: 7459: 7451:Sphecotheres 7449: 7442: 7435: 7428: 7405: 7398: 7391: 7371: 7351: 7331: 7311: 7291: 7284: 7266:Pericrocotus 7264: 7257: 7250: 7243: 7236: 7229: 7222: 7215: 7208: 7201: 7194: 7158:Infraorder: 7027:Niels Krabbe 6977:Lars Jonsson 6958: 6914:Golden eagle 6856:Horror films 6840:The Big Year 6838: 6831: 6824: 6814:The Firebird 6812: 6805: 6798: 6786: 6774: 6767: 6755: 6751:To a Skylark 6738: 6539:Cockfighting 6509:Birdwatching 6429: 6428:Pinyon jay ( 6419: 6407: 6398: 6389: 6380: 6371: 6363:C. mirabilis 6362: 6354:C. cucullata 6353: 6345:C. armillata 6344: 6335: 6323: 6311: 6302: 6294:C. violaceus 6293: 6284: 6275: 6266: 6257: 6249:C. heilprini 6248: 6239: 6238:Tufted jay ( 6230: 6221: 6212: 6203: 6194: 6186:C. caeruleus 6185: 6176: 6167: 6155: 6143: 6134: 6122: 6110: 6101: 6085: 6073: 6064: 6055: 6046: 6037: 6029:A. insularis 6028: 6019: 6010:(Scrub jays) 6003: 5977: 5969:P. infaustus 5968: 5959: 5958:Canada jay ( 5947: 5921: 5912: 5900: 5891:Azure-winged 5847: 5838:C. dauuricus 5837: 5823: 5798: 5789: 5780: 5771: 5762: 5752: 5751: 5741: 5732: 5723: 5714: 5713:Cuban crow ( 5705: 5696: 5687: 5679:C. imparatus 5678: 5669: 5660: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5635: 5625: 5624: 5614: 5605: 5596: 5587: 5578: 5569: 5560: 5550: 5546: 5545: 5536:C. violaceus 5535: 5526: 5517: 5509:C. torquatus 5508: 5500:C. splendens 5499: 5498:House crow ( 5490: 5481: 5472: 5464:C. florensis 5463: 5454: 5445: 5444:Small crow ( 5436: 5426: 5425: 5415: 5406: 5396: 5395: 5386:C. woodfordi 5385: 5376: 5367: 5358: 5349: 5340: 5331: 5322: 5313: 5305:C. insularis 5304: 5295: 5286: 5276: 5272: 5271: 5261: 5260: 5234: 5226:P. asirensis 5225: 5216: 5207: 5198: 5189: 5180: 5168: 5141: 5132: 5123: 5111: 5057: 5047: 5038:Stresemann's 5022: 5012: 5000: 4991: 4982: 4974:P. biddulphi 4973: 4957: 4945: 4936: 4927: 4915: 4889: 4880: 4871: 4862: 4853: 4841: 4829: 4820: 4812:C. hypoleuca 4811: 4803:C. chinensis 4802: 4790: 4763: 4753: 4742:P. aterrimus 4741: 4732: 4722: 4711:D. vagabunda 4710: 4701: 4692: 4684:D. frontalis 4683: 4674: 4665: 4656: 4644: 4632: 4624:C. cucullata 4623: 4611: 4586: 4577: 4565: 4523:Superorder: 4401: 4382: 4363: 4342: 4319: 4298: 4279: 4267:. Retrieved 4263:the original 4237:(1): 43–58. 4234: 4230: 4224: 4206:. Batsford. 4202: 4182: 4154:cite journal 4145: 4141: 4131: 4121: 4116: 4097: 4087: 4078: 4069: 4045: 4038: 4024: 4012:. Retrieved 4008:the original 3998: 3978: 3971: 3951: 3944: 3932:. Retrieved 3922: 3898: 3887: 3859: 3848: 3840:the original 3833: 3823: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3787: 3782: 3762: 3755: 3745: 3740: 3720: 3713: 3690: 3677: 3668: 3635: 3628: 3618: 3611: 3602: 3593: 3578: 3569: 3559: 3540: 3534: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3495:. Retrieved 3485: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3442: 3430:. Retrieved 3423:the original 3409: 3384: 3380: 3374: 3362:. Retrieved 3358:the original 3348: 3323: 3319: 3309: 3295:cite journal 3260: 3256: 3246: 3234:. Retrieved 3230:the original 3220: 3212:the original 3202: 3194: 3186: 3173: 3165: 3160: 3151: 3139: 3127: 3115: 3096: 3059: 3055: 3045: 3033:. Retrieved 3029: 3020: 3008:. Retrieved 3005:www.reed.edu 3004: 2995: 2983:. Retrieved 2979: 2969: 2957:. Retrieved 2952: 2948: 2938: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2862: 2858: 2855:Corvus corax 2854: 2848: 2836:. Retrieved 2832: 2822: 2802: 2795: 2783:. Retrieved 2777:Bufo marinus 2776: 2775:"Cane Toad ( 2769: 2757:. Retrieved 2743: 2736: 2727: 2700:. Retrieved 2689: 2652: 2649:PLOS Biology 2648: 2642: 2634: 2622:. Retrieved 2618:the original 2608: 2597: 2585:. Retrieved 2581: 2571: 2551: 2544: 2524: 2517: 2482: 2478: 2468: 2435: 2431: 2421: 2409:. Retrieved 2404: 2359: 2355: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2279:. Retrieved 2269: 2257:. Retrieved 2253: 2243: 2231:. Retrieved 2227:the original 2217: 2200: 2196: 2190: 2182: 2177: 2168: 2159: 2149: 2139: 2120: 2114: 2106:the original 2100: 2096:Linnaeus, C. 2090: 2081: 2074:. Retrieved 2070:the original 2065: 2056: 2048: 2041:. Retrieved 2036: 2027: 2015:. Retrieved 2011:the original 2006: 1996: 1984:. Retrieved 1980:the original 1970: 1946: 1939: 1929:16 September 1927:. Retrieved 1922: 1905: 1852: 1848: 1756: 1750: 1729: 1716: 1699: 1692: 1661: 1654: 1635: 1630: 1629:is known as 1620: 1606: 1596: 1588: 1577: 1569:Pitru Paksha 1546: 1539: 1528: 1513: 1507: 1492: 1488:culture hero 1473: 1462: 1450: 1408: 1391: 1373: 1342: 1322: 1314: 1289: 1280: 1271: 1250: 1244:October 2020 1241: 1231: 1224: 1217: 1210: 1198: 1186:Please help 1181:verification 1178: 1154: 1145: 1135: 1113: 1104: 1084: 1060: 1047:Mariana crow 1040: 1033:) is nearly 1030: 1026: 1003: 995: 983: 972:Reproduction 962: 950: 936: 924:Gumyoji Park 921: 917:displacement 913: 902: 878: 858: 855:Intelligence 830: 808: 787: 778: 764: 746: 723: 714: 696: 676: 655: 646: 638: 630: 622: 618: 614: 611:Corvus corax 610: 607:common raven 603:type species 598: 590: 587:in his 1758 582: 576: 574: 537: 522:Central Asia 513: 511: 503: 483:is limited. 479: 475: 471: 459:common raven 456: 443: 428: 399: 386: 376: 364:common raven 356:carrion crow 327: 326: 325: 292: 288: 269:Corvus corax 267: 261:Type species 242: 241: 146: 35: 29: 9291:Bird genera 9121:iNaturalist 8989:Wikispecies 8905:Vireolanius 8891:Tunchiornis 8877:Pachysylvia 8769:Platylophus 8721:Phonygammus 8693:Paradigalla 8658:Drepanornis 8651:Diphyllodes 8606:Terpsiphone 8509:Carterornis 8493:Monarchinae 8484:Monarchidae 8358:Pyrrhocorax 8351:Ptilostomus 8344:Psilorhinus 8320:Platysmurus 8252:Gymnorhinus 8238:Dendrocitta 8019:Mystacornis 8005:Leptopterus 7970:Cyanolanius 7963:Calicalicus 7909:Platysteira 7902:Lanioturdus 7827:Malaconotus 7753:Peltopsinae 7603:See below ↓ 7583:See below ↓ 7556:Androphobus 7547:Psophodidae 7364:Neosittidae 7333:Falcunculus 7313:Eulacestoma 7259:Malindangia 7203:Campochaera 7032:Peter Scott 7017:Joseph Wolf 7007:Joseph Smit 6987:Edward Lear 6924:Pigeon/Dove 6891:Cendrawasih 6876:Feather boa 6867:In fashion 6699:In heraldry 6677:In the arts 6614:Wildfowling 6595:In hunting 6584:Sacred ibis 6569:Ornithology 6560:In science 6554:Vinkensport 6420:Gymnorhinus 6370:Dwarf jay ( 6301:Green jay ( 6265:Brown jay ( 6204:C. chrysops 6184:Azure jay ( 6177:C. beecheii 6144:C. stelleri 6135:C. cristata 6065:A. unicolor 5880:(continued) 5848:C. monedula 5781:C. capensis 5779:Cape crow ( 5770:Pied crow ( 5742:C. sinaloae 5733:C. palmarum 5722:Fish crow ( 5527:C. unicolor 5455:C. pusillus 5366:Grey crow ( 5287:C. bennetti 5190:P. nuttalli 5181:P. hudsonia 5103:Nutcrackers 5091:(continued) 5013:Ptilostomus 4854:U. caerulea 4821:C. jefferyi 4764:T. temnurus 4723:Platysmurus 4675:D. formosae 4646:Dendrocitta 4578:P. graculus 4567:Pyrrhocorax 4014:19 December 3930:. 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