218:
311:
20:
883:
847:
618:
1032:
913:, to defend the Dacian provinces against the Marcomannic attacks. Other auxiliary units from Moesia Inferior participated in the middle Danube campaigns, leaving the lower Danube frontier defenses weakened. Taking the opportunity, in 170 or 171, the Costoboci invaded Roman territory. Meeting little opposition, they swept through and raided the provinces of
259:
826:
in Greece, which is believed to have been carved by priests after this temple was sacked by the
Costoboci during their invasion of 170/1. The inscription refers to the "crimes of the Sarmatians". Some scholars argue that this proves the Costoboci were Sarmatians. However, other scholars suggest that
1012:
An army of bandits, called the
Costobocs, who overran Greece in my day, visited among other cities Elateia. Whereupon a certain Mnesibulus gathered round him a company of men and put to the sword many of the barbarians, but he himself fell in the fighting. This Mnesibulus won several prizes for
648:
Archaeology: The
Costoboci have been linked, on the basis of their geographical location, with the Lipitsa culture. This culture's features, especially its pottery styles and burial customs, have been identified as Dacian by some scholars, leading to the conclusion that the Costoboci were an
1123:. Both Astingi and Lacringi eventually became Roman allies, allowing the Romans to focus on the middle Danube in the Marcomannic wars. Scholars variously suggest that the remnants of this tribe were subdued by the Vandals or fled and sought refuge in the neighbouring territories of the
1119:, the governor of the province, refused their demands, but he encouraged them to attack the troublesome Costoboci while offering protection for their women and children. The Astingi occupied the territory of the Costoboci but they were soon attacked by another Vandal tribe, the
201:) to be "devoid of scientific value": the root-words themselves are reconstructions, are necessarily incomplete and can have multiple descendants in several IE languages. In this case, the name Costoboci could mean "the shining ones" in languages other than Thracian (e.g. in
322:. However, Roger Batty, reluctant to correlate material culture with group identity, argues that Lipiţa culture belonged either to a subgroup of the Costoboci or to some population they ruled over. This culture developed on the northern side of the
792:(ca, AD 400), that a region of the north Pontic steppes was inhabited by "the European Alans, the Costobocae and innumerable Scythian tribes". According to some scholars, the region referred to is the entire steppe between the Danube and the river
660:
argues that the
Lipitsa culture is a poor fit for the Costoboci, not least because it appears to have disappeared during the 1st century BC, long before the period AD 100–200 when they are attested in and around Dacia by surviving historical
678:
Archaeology: According to
Jazdewski, in the early Roman period, on the Upper Dniestr, the features of the Lipitsa culture indicate ethnic Thracians under strong Celtic cultural influence, or who had simply absorbed Celtic ethnic
1094:
in
Western Ukraine. It has been suggested that this may have been loot from a Costobocan raid. Some scholars suggest that it was during this turbulent period that members of King Pieporus' family were sent to Rome as hostages.
217:
447:"To the Spirits of the Dead. (Dedicated) to ZIA(IS) the Dacian, Daughter of TIATUS, Wife of PIEPORUS, Costobocan king. NATOPORUS and DRIGISA made (this memorial) for their most dear, well-deserving grandmother."
645:
has been interpreted by some scholars as an elision of "Daci
Petoporiani" meaning the "Dacians of King Petoporus". Schütte argued Petoporus is one and the same as Pieporus, the king of the Costoboci.
731:-type cemeteries. Central Transylvania appears to have become a Celtic enclave or unitary kingdom, according to Batty. Ptolemy lists 3 tribes as present in Transylvania: (west to east): the
209:
languages) or it could have a different root(s) than the ones surmised by Russu. For example, as pronounced ‘Costoboci‘ reads as “people that stab bones” in
Serbian (or Croatian) language.
384:
3316:
Des Goths Aux Huns: Archaeological
Studies on Late Antiquity and Early Medieval Europe (400-1000 A.D.): Le Nord de la Mer Noire au Bas-Empire et à l'Époque des Grandes Migrations
1176:
988:
341:
The bearers of this culture had a sedentary lifestyle and practiced agriculture, cattle-breeding, iron-working and pottery. The settlements were not fortified and contained
815:), interspersed among the sites of sedentary cremation cultures such as Lipitsa, of distinct Sarmatian-style inhumation cemeteries dating from the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.
3368:
Kropotkin, Vladislav V. (1977). "Denkmäler der
Przeworsk-Kultur in der Westukraine und ihre Beziehungen zur Lipica- und Cernjachov-Kultur". In Chropovský, Bohuslav (ed.).
610:
The ethnic and linguistic affiliation of the Costoboci is uncertain due to lack of evidence. The mainstream view is that they were a Dacian tribe, among the so-called "
1116:
3682:
Robertson Brown, Amelia (2011). "Banditry or Catastrophe? History, Archaeology, and Barbarian Raids on Roman Greece". In Mathisen, Ralph W.; Shanzer, Danuta (eds.).
403:
funerary inscription found in Rome, believed to date from the 2nd century AD, was dedicated to Zia or Ziais the Dacian, the daughter of Tiatus and the wife of
614:" not subjected to Roman rule. However some scholars suggested they were Thracian, Sarmatian, Slavic, Germanic, Celtic, or Dacian with a Celtic superstratum.
349:
and hand-made, with similarities in shape and decoration to the pottery of the pre-Roman Dacia. The pottery finds of the northern Lipiţa sites in the upper
314:
The archaeological cultures of Eastern Europe in the late 1st century AD. The Lipiţa culture is located in the northern part of the Dacian cultural area.
3838:
3815:
3752:
3579:
3519:
3383:
3255:
3168:
3145:
3122:
2942:
288:
seems to indicate that the Costoboci inhabited north-western or north-eastern Dacia. In addition, some scholars identify the people called
682:
The fact that queen Zia is specifically characterised as "Dacian" may indicate that Pieporus and the Costoboci were not themselves Dacians.
1067:, lamenting the limited damage recently inflicted to the sacred site. Three local inscriptions praise an Eleusinian priest for saving the
407:, a king of the Costoboci. The monument was set up by Natoporus and Drigisa, Zia's grandsons. The inscription was first published by the
969:
and V Macedonica was deployed at Tropaeum in this period, perhaps to defend against these attacks. The raiders then moved west reaching
634:
Onomastics: The family of a Costobocan king called Pieporus (2nd century) had names considered by some scholars to be of Dacian origin .
800:
steppe-nomadic people. However, other scholars argue that the region referred to is much smaller, that between the Danube and Dniester.
392:
3333:
Kłodziński, Karol (2010). "Equestrian cursus honorum basing on the careers of two prominent officers of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius".
696:
is considered by some scholars to be of Celtic etymology. In particular, they see the first element of their name as a corruption of
310:
1075:
751:
According to some scholars, the Costoboci were not a sedentary group at all, but a semi-nomadic steppe horse-based culture of
3855:
3563:
3323:
1013:
running, among which were prizes for the foot-race, and for the double race with shield, at the two hundred and thirty-fifth
3596:
Opreanu, C. (1994). "Neamurile barbare de la frontierele Daciei Romane si relatiile lor politico-diplomatice cu Imperiul".
3046:
Cortés, Juan Manuel (1995). "La datación de la expedición de los Costobocos: la subscripción de XXII K de Elio Arístides".
898:
112:
1115:, reached the northern borders of Roman Dacia and offered the Romans their alliance in return for subsidies and land.
222:
115:, until they were driven out by the Romans. Shortly afterwards, the Costoboci's territory was invaded and occupied by
3444:
584:
345:, surface buildings, storage pits, hearths, ovens and kilns. There are numerous pottery finds of various types, both
255:
valley. Other scholars have challenged this identification and have recognised the "Cotobacchi" as a distinct tribe.
3030:
Eleusis, The Inscriptions on Stone: Documents of the Sanctuary of the Two Goddesses and Public Documents of the Deme
3875:
3089:
Dana, Dan (2006). "The Historical Names of the Dacians and Their Memory: New Documents and a Preliminary Outlook".
978:
1078:
was sent to Greece with a vexillatio to clear out the remnants of the invaders. The Costoboci were thus defeated.
3769:
Sulimirski, Tadeusz (1972). "The Thracians in the North Carpathians and the Problem of the Walachians (Vlachs)".
991:, who fell in combat against the Costoboci. Their offensive continued southwards, through Macedonia into Achaea.
720:). However, Faliyeyev argues that while possible, a Celtic derivation is less likely than an "autochthonous" one.
395:= ILS 854, inscription in Rome dedicated to Zia or Ziais, the wife of Pieporus, the king of the Costoboci.
388:
3713:
Scheidel, Walter (1990). "Probleme der Datierung des Costoboceneinfalls im Balkanraum unter Marcus Aurelius".
874:, and other tribes along the middle Danube. The Costoboci also joined the anti-Roman coalition at some stage.
3370:
Symposium. Ausklang der Latène-Zivilisation und Anfänge der germanischen Besiedlung im mittleren Donaugebiet
3346:
Kolendo, Jerzy (1978). "Un Romain d'Afrique élevé dans le pays de Costoboces: à propos de CIL VIII 14667".
3076:
Dana, Dan (2003). "Les daces dans les ostraca du désert oriental de l'Égypte. Morphologie des noms daces".
1074:
Even though much of the invasion force was spent, the local resistance was insufficient and the procurator
3771:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Krakowie, Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Krakowie. Komisja Archeologiczna
3393:
Actes du VII Congrés International des Sciences Prehistoriques et Protohistoriques, Prague 21-27 août 1966
781:
is considered by some scholars to refer to the Costoboci. However, Russu and other scholars consider the
803:
The presence, throughout the region identified by ancient geographers as inhabited by the Costoboci (SW
755:
character. This hypothesis was originally proposed by the eminent 19th-century German classical scholar
122:
and the Costoboci disappeared from surviving historical sources, except for a mention by the late Roman
926:
831:
for raiders crossing the lower Danube, or that it attests a joint invasion by Costoboci and Sarmatians.
3589:
Roman frontier studies 1995: proceedings of the XVIth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies
970:
954:
1108:
3587:
Opreanu, C. (1997). "Roman Dacia and its barbarian neighbours. Economic and diplomatic relations".
922:
292:(literally: "people beyond the mountains") by Ptolemy, located to the north of the Carpathians, as
165:
3235:] (in Bulgarian and French). Sofia, Bulgaria: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata Akademija na naukite.
671:
Onomastics: Some scholars consider the names of Pieporus and of his grandsons to be Thracian (see
3015:
Chirică, Eduard (1993). "Une invasion "barbare" dans la Grèce Centrale au temps de Marc-Aurèle".
930:
520:
342:
235:
194:
2959:
Basotova, Maja (2007). "A new veteran of the legion VII Claudia from the colonia Flavia Scupi".
3880:
1136:
1068:
1004:
985:
942:
516:
154:
143:
88:
854:. It may have been erected in 176 or 177 to commemorate his campaigns on the northern borders.
1014:
953:
in Moesia Inferior commemorate Romans killed during the attacks: Lucius Fufidius Iulianus, a
625:
The evidence adduced in support of the main ethnic hypotheses may be summarised as follows:
3222:
3194:
1052:
819:
789:
642:
535:, a frequent Thracian and Dacian onomastic element. On a military diploma issued in 127 in
378:
267:
221:
2nd century pottery of the Lipița culture, associated by some scholars with the Costoboci,
123:
96:
175:"to seem, see, show", and the second element is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root
8:
950:
910:
739:
and Costoboci. The first two are generally considered by scholars to be of Celtic origin.
19:
3736:
3198:
727:
and Bessarabia saw intensive Celtic settlement, as evidenced by heavy concentrations of
3832:
3809:
3762:
Rome and the Barbarians in Central and Eastern Europe: 1st century B.C.-1st century A.D
3746:
3670:
3573:
3513:
3492:
3484:
3377:
3249:
3210:
3162:
3139:
3116:
2936:
1087:
894:
793:
777:
412:
354:
252:
158:
95:
or Κιστοβῶκοι) were a Dacian tribe located, during the Roman imperial era, between the
728:
335:
3851:
3674:
3601:
3559:
3496:
3440:
3319:
1086:
In the same period the Costoboci may have attacked Dacia. A bronze hand dedicated to
536:
3787:
Tocilescu, Grigore G. (1903). "Câteva monumente epigrafice descoperite în România".
1420:
1418:
949:
and the walls of the city required repairs. Two funerary inscriptions discovered at
319:
305:
3662:
3653:
von Premerstein, Anton (1912). "Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Kaisers Marcus".
3476:
3391:
Macrea, Mihail (1970). "Les Daces libres à l'époque romaine". In Filip, Jan (ed.).
3202:
3107:
Den Boeft, Jan; Drijvers, Jan Willem; Den Hengst, Daniel; Teitler, Hans C. (1995).
1146:
1060:
863:
841:
752:
233:. Some scholars considered that the earliest known mention of this tribe is in the
206:
202:
187:
104:
38:
357:.The cemeteries were found close to settlements. The predominant funeral rite was
3311:
3226:
1430:
1415:
966:
918:
914:
882:
859:
851:
772:
756:
508:
486:
475:
278:
rivers, probably to the north-east of the former Roman province of Dacia. In his
240:
3666:
3437:
The world of the Huns: studies in their history and culture edited by Max Knight
3640:
Petolescu, Constantin C. (2007). "Cronica epigrafică a României (XXVI, 2006)".
3454:
Mikołajczyk, Andrzej (1984). "The Transcarpathian finds of Geto-Dacian coins".
1124:
1091:
408:
400:
271:
229:
Mainstream modern scholarship locates this tribe to the north or north-east of
135:
100:
80:
3554:
Nandris, John (1976). "The Dacian Iron Age: A comment in a European Context".
3869:
3605:
828:
656:
is also occurring in the name of another Dacian tribe, the Sabokoi. However,
346:
1237:
1235:
1007:
mentioned an incident involving the local resistance against the Costoboci:
1141:
1040:
724:
611:
108:
1017:. In Runner Street at Elateia there stands a bronze statue of Mnesibulus.
262:
The map that shows the Costoboci tribes and the other Dacian tribal states
2986:
History and Archaeology of the Carpi from the 2nd to the 4th centuries AD
2972:
2315:
1232:
657:
459:: a Thracian or Dacian name. It is considered a variant of the consonant
350:
323:
230:
24:
362:
3469:
The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts
3214:
962:
867:
846:
812:
366:
280:
3488:
383:
3738:
Ptolemy's maps of northern Europe: a reconstruction of the prototypes
621:
Map of the Roman empire in AD 125, showing the Costoboci to the east.
479:
358:
244:
183:. Ivan Duridanov considered it a Dacian name with unclear etymology.
3206:
2695:
2183:
3480:
1120:
946:
906:
902:
887:
808:
732:
617:
404:
327:
119:
3293:
of Aelius Aristides". In Schmidt, Thomas; Fleury, Pascale (eds.).
3185:
Frazer, James George (1898). "Pausanias's Description of Greece".
3106:
2993:
Bichir, Gheorghe (1980). "Dacii liberi în secolele II - IV e.n.".
2644:
2567:
1436:
1424:
3240:
Georgiev, Vladimir (1983). "Thrakische und Dakische Namenkunde".
2731:
2673:
2671:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2024:
2022:
1614:
1612:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1104:
1056:
1036:
1000:
982:
823:
804:
736:
709:
705:
504:
468:
293:
285:
258:
3265:
Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe
3109:
Philological and Historical Commentaries on Ammianus Marcellinus
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
2857:
2855:
2853:
1519:
1517:
1112:
1064:
1048:
958:
797:
771:
or other manuscript variants) in a list of Sarmatian tribes in
701:
275:
134:
The name of the tribe is attested in a variety of spellings in
116:
3615:
Piracy in the ancient world: an essay in Mediterranean history
3400:
Mateescu, George G. (1923). "I Traci nelle epigrafi di Roma".
2668:
2603:
2019:
1609:
1442:
1321:
712:
in the western Alps. One Pliny manuscript variant of the name
3684:
Romans, barbarians, and the transformation of the Roman world
3102:. Vol. 1. Berlin-New York: De Gruyter. pp. 820–840.
1403:
1259:
974:
871:
512:
2977:
Rome and the Nomads: the Pontic-Danubian region in Antiquity
2850:
2545:
2543:
1994:
1992:
1950:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1651:
1514:
1391:
1311:
1309:
1307:
941:
Crossing the Danube, the Costoboci burnt down a district of
3556:
Festschrift für Richard Pittioni zum siebzigsten Geburtstag
2748:
2746:
2719:
2707:
2683:
2070:
1865:
1863:
1812:
1810:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1582:
1580:
1090:
by a soldier from a cohort stationed in Dacia was found at
331:
111:
in AD 170 or 171, pillaging its Balkan provinces as far as
71:
65:
56:
3244:. Vol. II.29.2. Berlin, New York. pp. 1195–1213.
3100:
Namenforschung. Ein Internationales Handbuch zur Onomastik
2828:
2826:
2824:
2787:
2785:
2656:
2632:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2446:
2434:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2360:
2236:
2234:
1979:
1977:
1827:
1825:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1478:
1280:
1031:
157:
name meaning "the shining ones". The first element is the
47:
3706:"Die Sprache der Thrako-Daker" ('Thraco-Dacian language')
3098:
Duridanov, Ivan (1995). "Thrakische und dakische Namen".
2874:
2872:
2870:
2540:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2296:
2294:
2279:
1989:
1911:
1790:
1740:
1565:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1304:
1292:
1177:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Cistoboci
704:, an eastern Celtic tribe in the same Carpathian region;
652:
Name etymology: According to Schütte, the Dacian element
284:(published between 135 and 143 AD), the Greek geographer
140:
Costoboci, Costobocae, Castaboci, Castabocae, Coisstoboci
3549:(3rd ed.). Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
3467:
Marquand, Allan (1 October 1895). "Archæological News".
3037:
Colledge, Malcolm A. R. (2000). "Art and architecture".
2797:
2770:
2743:
2591:
2579:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2082:
2009:
2007:
1962:
1887:
1860:
1807:
1716:
1663:
1624:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1577:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
3413:
Matei-Popescu, Florian (2003–2005). "Note epigrafice".
2896:
2821:
2782:
2555:
2521:
2422:
2405:
2348:
2231:
2195:
2142:
2106:
1974:
1938:
1899:
1875:
1822:
1771:
1728:
1534:
1532:
1490:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1220:
977:
in Moesia Superior was dedicated to Timonius Dassus, a
961:
of the city and a man named Daizus, son of Comozous. A
3361:
Marcus Aurelius' rain miracle and the Marcomannic wars
3310:
2867:
2838:
2809:
2470:
2372:
2291:
2189:
2154:
2094:
2046:
1928:
1926:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1706:
1704:
1691:
1689:
1466:
1338:
1247:
1198:
1196:
945:
which was thus abandoned. Their attacks also affected
742:
The Lipitsa culture displays numerous Celtic features.
3274:
Atlas to the prehistory of the Slavs: Issue 2, Part 1
2884:
2620:
2509:
2497:
2458:
2384:
2219:
2207:
2166:
2130:
2058:
2004:
1592:
1544:
1502:
1454:
1003:
in central Greece, the contemporaneous travel-writer
785:
to be a distinct group, unconnected to the Costoboci.
365:
containing ashes buried in plain graves, but several
68:
50:
44:
41:
2336:
2258:
1529:
1374:
1357:
1181:
561:: a Thracian or Dacian name. It is a name ending in
270:, writing c. 400, locates the Costoboci between the
62:
53:
3228:
Trakite i technijat ezik/Les Thraces et leur langue
2758:
2246:
2118:
2034:
1923:
1837:
1752:
1701:
1686:
1193:
587:
found at Maximianon, a Roman fort in eastern Egypt.
565:, a frequent Thracian and Dacian onomastic element.
59:
3600:. Institutul de Arheologie şi Istoria Artei Cluj.
3412:
2573:
1208:
3295:Perceptions of the Second Sophistic and its times
523:for a Dacian soldier and his two children, a son
193:N.B. Georgiev considers all etymologies based on
3867:
3789:Revista pentru istorie, archeologie şi filologie
3728:Greek Religious Terminology - Telete & Orgia
3304:Pausanias Description of Greece, Books VIII.22-X
3041:. Vol. XI (2nd ed.). pp. 966–983.
796:and the passage identifies the Costobocae as an
700:, a Celtic root meaning "old" or "crooked" (cf.
3681:
3652:
3633:Prosopographia Imperii Romani. Saec. I, II, III
3630:
3624:A history of the Roman world from AD 138 to 337
3434:
3063:-ului la Dunărea de Jos. Note de lectură (V)".
2737:
2677:
2650:
2614:
2028:
1618:
1448:
1332:
1274:
318:Some scholars associate the Costoboci with the
605:
153:According to Ion I. Russu, this is a Thracian
85:Costoboci, Costobocae, Castabocae, Coisstoboci
3780:Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World
3773:. Vol. 12–14. Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe.
3425:
3059:Croitoru, Costin (2009). "Despre organizarea
2861:
601:is a female name attested in Moesia Inferior.
3635:. Vol. VI. Berlin-New York: De Gruyter.
3439:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
3426:Merrills, Andrew H.; Miles, Richard (2010),
3091:Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai - Historia
2929:Zu den Schicksalen Siebenbürgens im Altertum
1098:
1039:. View over the excavation site towards the
543:, a name formed with the same first element
3846:Twist, Clint (2001). Raftery, Barry (ed.).
3725:
3691:Russu, Ion Iosif (1959). "Les Costoboces".
3453:
3314:; Sharov, Oleg; Shchukin, Mark B. (2006) .
2701:
1571:
186:Some scholars argue that "Costoboci" has a
3837:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3822:
3814:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3799:
3768:
3751:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3578:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3518:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3503:
3382:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3332:
3254:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3242:Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt
3167:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3144:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3121:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3078:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
2941:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2713:
2285:
2076:
1968:
1893:
1869:
1722:
1633:
827:the name of the Sarmatians was used as an
3786:
3639:
3367:
3271:
3175:
3097:
2585:
2549:
2240:
1241:
1226:
866:, a vast and protracted struggle against
439:CARISS(imae) B(ene) M(erenti) FECER(unt)
415:in the 16th century, but it is now lost.
3827:. Vol. II.2 (2nd ed.). Vienna.
3759:
3712:
3631:Petersen, Leiva; Wachtel, Klaus (1998).
3535:
3466:
3399:
3239:
3221:
3152:
3058:
3036:
2958:
2949:
2803:
2776:
2752:
2597:
2561:
2515:
2479:
2452:
2428:
2416:
2354:
2201:
2148:
2112:
1983:
1905:
1881:
1816:
1734:
1680:
1645:
1586:
1523:
1496:
1253:
1030:
881:
877:
845:
616:
382:
309:
257:
216:
18:
3777:
3734:
3612:
3595:
3586:
3558:. Vol. I. Wien. pp. 723–736.
3553:
3526:
3345:
3280:
3262:
3027:
3014:
2926:
2902:
2832:
2791:
2689:
2534:
2378:
2321:
2300:
2225:
2136:
2100:
2052:
1998:
1917:
1801:
1746:
1657:
1484:
1472:
1409:
1397:
1351:
1298:
499:: a Thracian or Dacian name. A soldier
3868:
3621:
3544:
3390:
3358:
3184:
3129:
3045:
3005:
2992:
2983:
2890:
2878:
2844:
2815:
2725:
2662:
2638:
2503:
2491:
2464:
2440:
2399:
2366:
2213:
2177:
2160:
2088:
2064:
2013:
1603:
1559:
1508:
1460:
1315:
1286:
1187:
1164:
1076:Lucius Julius Vehilius Gratus Julianus
3845:
3804:. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Vienna.
3703:
3690:
3622:Parker, Henry Michael Deane (1958) .
3547:Les invasions: les vagues germaniques
3538:Novus Thesaurus Veterum Inscriptionum
3301:
2971:
2626:
2342:
2264:
2252:
2040:
1538:
1385:
1368:
1214:
1202:
886:Legio V Macedonica marked brick from
835:
539:, a Dacian soldier's father is named
3529:A History of Rome under the Emperors
3302:Jones, William Henry Samuel (1935).
3088:
3075:
2190:Kazanski, Sharov & Shchukin 2006
2124:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1854:
1831:
1784:
1765:
1710:
1695:
148:Κοστωβῶκοι, Κοστουβῶκοι, Κοιστοβῶκοι
93:Κοστωβῶκοι, Κοστουβῶκοι, Κοιστοβῶκοι
3536:Muratori, Lodovico Antonio (1740).
1127:or in the Roman province of Dacia.
1047:Thereafter, the barbarians reached
965:made of detachments of the legions
936:
746:
299:
179:"to shine", extended by the suffix
13:
3395:. Vol. 2. pp. 1038–1041.
3318:. British Archaeological Reports.
3281:Johnson, Diane (2011). "Libanius'
2918:
2764:
2324:, pp. 336, 1209, maps 22, 84.
999:In his description of the city of
14:
3892:
3598:Ephemeris Napocensis, EPH IV – 14
3435:Maenchen-Helfen, Otto J. (1973).
1059:. In May or June 171, the orator
493:is frequent in Dacian onomastics.
353:basin are similar to that of the
129:
3613:Ormerod, Henry Arderne (1997) .
3233:The Thracians and their language
450:
37:
3778:Talbert, Richard J. A. (2000).
3372:. Bratislava. pp. 173–200.
2911:
2333:Ammianus Marcellinus. XXII.8.42
2327:
2306:
2270:
672:
223:Archaeological Museum of Kraków
27:showing Costoboci to the north.
3132:Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae
1170:
1158:
1103:Soon after AD 170, the Vandal
901:, moved its headquarters from
862:, the Roman Empire fought the
723:During the period 400–200 BC,
579:, typical for Dacians. A name
442:
418:
1:
3823:Tomaschek, Wilhelm (1980b) .
3800:Tomaschek, Wilhelm (1980a) .
3726:Schuddeboom, Feyo L. (2009).
3176:Faliyeyev, Alexander (2007).
1063:delivered a public speech in
1051:where they sacked the famous
597:: a Thracian or Dacian name.
583:is attested on a fragmentary
571:: a Thracian or Dacian name.
372:
3111:. Vol. XXII. Groningen.
3008:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography
3006:Birley, Anthony R. (2000) .
1152:
818:An inscription found in the
575:is maybe a name starting in
369:graves were also excavated.
212:
7:
3848:Philip's Atlas of the Celts
3667:10.1524/klio.1912.12.12.139
3306:. Harvard University Press.
3276:. Lodz Towarzystwo Naukowe.
3155:Die thrakischen Sprachreste
1619:Petersen & Wachtel 1998
1130:
893:In AD 167 the Roman legion
665:
606:Ethnolinguistic affiliation
243:, published c. AD 77, as a
10:
3897:
3760:Shchukin, Mark B. (1989).
3527:Mommsen, Theodor (1996) .
3272:Jazdewski, Konrad (1948).
3267:. Oxford University Press.
3153:Detschew, Dimiter (1957).
3010:(2nd ed.). Routledge.
2952:The army in Roman Dobrudja
2276:Ptolemy Geographia III.8.1
839:
820:Sanctuary of the Mysteries
376:
303:
159:perfect passive participle
147:
107:the Costoboci invaded the
92:
3850:. London: George Philip.
3735:Schütte, Gudmund (1917).
3704:Russu, Ion Iosif (1969).
3504:Müllenhoff, Karl (1887).
3039:Cambridge Ancient History
2984:Bichir, Gheorghe (1976).
2950:Aricescu, Andrei (1980).
2927:Alföldi, Andreas (1944).
2862:Merrills & Miles 2010
1099:The coming of the Vandals
994:
686:
628:
531:. It is a name ending in
126:, writing around AD 400.
3545:Musset, Lucien (1994) .
3187:The Geographical Journal
3130:Dessau, Hermann (1892).
2920:AE: L'Année épigraphique
2704:, pp. 213–214, 231.
1959:, pp. 109–110, 118.
1117:Sextus Cornelius Clemens
1081:
467:, the name of the Roman
343:sunken floored buildings
166:Proto-Indo-European root
3876:Ancient tribes in Dacia
3506:Deutsche altertumskunde
3263:Heather, Peter (2010).
3028:Clinton, Kevin (2005).
2574:Matei-Popescu 2003–2005
1053:shrine of the Mysteries
973:. A tombstone found at
708:, a king of the Celtic
521:Mauretania Caesariensis
483:Titus Aurelius Drigissa
3708:. Editura Stiintifica.
3508:. Vol. 2. Berlin.
3359:Kovács, Péter (2009).
3134:. Vol. 1. Berlin.
1137:Dacia (Roman province)
1044:
1019:
905:in Moesia Inferior to
890:
855:
622:
517:Roman military diploma
503:is known from several
396:
315:
263:
226:
197:root-words (so-called
139:
84:
28:
3540:. Vol. 2. Milan.
3348:Acta Musei Napocensis
1660:, pp. 35, 47–48.
1437:Den Boeft et al. 1995
1425:Den Boeft et al. 1995
1400:, pp. 336, 1209.
1107:, under their kings,
1034:
1024:Description of Greece
1010:
989:II Aurelia Dardanorum
897:, returning from the
885:
878:The invasion of 170/1
850:Equestrian statue of
849:
840:Further information:
620:
519:was issued in 127 in
413:Mariangelus Accursius
386:
377:Further information:
313:
304:Further information:
261:
220:
22:
3402:Ephemeris Dacoromana
2738:Robertson Brown 2011
2728:, pp. 165, 168.
2678:Robertson Brown 2011
2651:Robertson Brown 2011
2615:Robertson Brown 2011
2443:, pp. 201, 216.
2369:, pp. 429, 535.
2029:von Premerstein 1912
1526:, pp. 285, 306.
1449:Maenchen-Helfen 1973
1333:von Premerstein 1912
1289:, pp. 165, 167.
1275:von Premerstein 1912
790:Ammianus Marcellinus
649:ethnic-Dacian tribe.
643:Tabula Peutingeriana
489:. The final element
379:List of Dacian names
268:Ammianus Marcellinus
251:living in the lower
124:Ammianus Marcellinus
97:Carpathian Mountains
3591:. pp. 247–252.
3456:Archaeologia Polona
3297:. pp. 199–214.
3199:1898GeogJ..12..158T
2692:, pp. 414–416.
2665:, pp. 188–191.
2641:, pp. 164–165.
2494:, pp. 191–193.
1947:, pp. 179–180.
1834:, pp. 179–181.
1787:, pp. 118–119.
1648:, pp. 157–158.
1487:, pp. 100–101.
1318:, pp. 429–430.
911:Dacia Porolissensis
858:During the rule of
334:basins in the Late
164:, derived from the
3626:. London: Methuen.
3223:Georgiev, Vladimir
2995:Revista de Istorie
2988:. BAR Series 16 i.
2961:Arheološki Vestnik
2653:, pp. 80, 82.
2455:, pp. 11, 46.
2091:, pp. 52, 59.
2001:, pp. 37, 51.
1920:, pp. 37, 50.
1804:, pp. 36, 49.
1749:, pp. 36, 48.
1088:Jupiter Dolichenus
1045:
891:
856:
836:Conflict with Rome
778:Naturalis Historia
623:
397:
355:Zarubintsy culture
316:
264:
227:
29:
3857:978-0-5400-7880-6
3825:Die alten Thraker
3802:Die alten Thraker
3686:. pp. 79–95.
3565:978-3-7005-4420-3
3430:, Wiley-Blackwell
3421:(54–56): 303–312.
3325:978-1-84171-756-2
3283:Monody for Daphne
2740:, pp. 81–82.
2079:, pp. 84–87.
788:The statement by
763:The tribe called
537:Germania Inferior
199:Wurzeletymologien
3888:
3861:
3842:
3836:
3828:
3819:
3813:
3805:
3796:
3783:
3774:
3765:
3756:
3750:
3742:
3731:
3722:
3709:
3700:
3687:
3678:
3649:
3636:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3592:
3583:
3577:
3569:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3523:
3517:
3509:
3500:
3463:
3450:
3431:
3422:
3409:
3396:
3387:
3381:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3342:
3329:
3312:Kazanski, Michel
3307:
3298:
3291:Eleusinios Logos
3277:
3268:
3259:
3253:
3245:
3236:
3218:
3181:
3172:
3166:
3158:
3149:
3143:
3135:
3126:
3120:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3072:
3055:
3042:
3033:
3024:
3011:
3002:
2989:
2980:
2968:
2955:
2946:
2940:
2932:
2923:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2865:
2859:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2716:, pp. 7, 9.
2711:
2705:
2702:Schuddeboom 2009
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2538:
2532:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2403:
2397:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2017:
2011:
2002:
1996:
1987:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1858:
1852:
1835:
1829:
1820:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1769:
1763:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1622:
1616:
1607:
1601:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1572:Mikołajczyk 1984
1569:
1563:
1557:
1542:
1536:
1527:
1521:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1372:
1366:
1355:
1349:
1336:
1330:
1319:
1313:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1147:Marcomannic Wars
1069:ritual's secrets
1061:Aelius Aristides
1027:
1015:Olympic festival
951:Tropaeum Traiani
937:Northern Balkans
864:Marcomannic Wars
842:Marcomannic Wars
753:Scytho-Sarmatian
747:Scytho-Sarmatian
472:Aurelius Drigisa
300:Material culture
247:tribe named the
149:
105:Marcomannic Wars
94:
78:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
58:
55:
52:
49:
46:
43:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3858:
3830:
3829:
3807:
3806:
3744:
3743:
3661:(12): 139–178.
3648:(3–4): 365–388.
3571:
3570:
3566:
3511:
3510:
3447:
3408:. Rome: 57–290.
3375:
3374:
3326:
3247:
3246:
3207:10.2307/1774463
3160:
3159:
3137:
3136:
3114:
3113:
2934:
2933:
2914:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2877:
2868:
2860:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2790:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2767:, p. 1113.
2763:
2759:
2751:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2714:Kłodziński 2010
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2548:
2541:
2533:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2406:
2398:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2299:
2292:
2286:Sulimirski 1972
2284:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2239:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2176:
2167:
2163:, p. 1039.
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2077:Müllenhoff 1887
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1990:
1982:
1975:
1969:Tomaschek 1980b
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1894:Tomaschek 1980b
1892:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1870:Tomaschek 1980b
1868:
1861:
1853:
1838:
1830:
1823:
1819:, p. 1200.
1815:
1808:
1800:
1791:
1783:
1772:
1764:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1723:Tomaschek 1980b
1721:
1717:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1687:
1683:, p. 1212.
1679:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1634:Tomaschek 1980b
1632:
1625:
1617:
1610:
1602:
1593:
1589:, p. 1039.
1585:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1545:
1537:
1530:
1522:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1375:
1367:
1358:
1350:
1339:
1331:
1322:
1314:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1133:
1101:
1084:
1029:
1021:
997:
981:from the Roman
939:
919:Moesia Superior
915:Moesia Inferior
880:
860:Marcus Aurelius
852:Marcus Aurelius
844:
838:
757:Theodor Mommsen
749:
689:
668:
631:
608:
527:and a daughter
509:Mons Claudianus
487:Moesia Superior
476:Moesia Inferior
453:
445:
438:
436:
434:
433:COISSTOBOCENSIS
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
423:D(is) M(anibus)
421:
381:
375:
308:
302:
266:
241:Pliny the Elder
236:Natural History
215:
132:
40:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3863:
3862:
3856:
3843:
3820:
3797:
3784:
3775:
3766:
3757:
3732:
3723:
3710:
3701:
3688:
3679:
3650:
3637:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3593:
3584:
3564:
3551:
3542:
3533:
3524:
3501:
3481:10.2307/496570
3475:(4): 507–586.
3464:
3451:
3445:
3432:
3423:
3410:
3397:
3388:
3365:
3356:
3343:
3330:
3324:
3308:
3299:
3278:
3269:
3260:
3237:
3219:
3182:
3173:
3150:
3127:
3104:
3095:
3086:
3073:
3056:
3043:
3034:
3032:. Vol. 1.
3025:
3012:
3003:
2990:
2981:
2969:
2956:
2947:
2924:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2905:, p. 143.
2895:
2883:
2881:, p. 170.
2866:
2849:
2847:, p. 228.
2837:
2835:, p. 249.
2820:
2818:, p. 449.
2808:
2806:, p. 255.
2796:
2794:, p. 248.
2781:
2779:, p. 404.
2769:
2757:
2755:, p. 403.
2742:
2730:
2718:
2706:
2694:
2682:
2667:
2655:
2643:
2631:
2629:, p. 577.
2619:
2602:
2600:, p. 409.
2590:
2586:Tocilescu 1903
2578:
2576:, p. 309.
2566:
2554:
2552:, p. 377.
2550:Petolescu 2007
2539:
2537:, p. 206.
2520:
2508:
2506:, p. 168.
2496:
2484:
2469:
2467:, p. 207.
2457:
2445:
2433:
2431:, p. 981.
2421:
2419:, p. 402.
2404:
2402:, p. 198.
2383:
2381:, p. 158.
2371:
2359:
2357:, p. 550.
2347:
2335:
2326:
2314:
2305:
2303:, p. 315.
2290:
2288:, p. 104.
2278:
2269:
2267:, p. 279.
2257:
2245:
2241:Jazdewski 1948
2230:
2218:
2216:, p. 164.
2206:
2204:, p. 280.
2194:
2182:
2180:, p. 161.
2165:
2153:
2151:, p. 306.
2141:
2129:
2127:, p. 179.
2117:
2115:, p. 365.
2105:
2103:, p. 729.
2093:
2081:
2069:
2067:, p. 535.
2057:
2055:, p. 131.
2045:
2033:
2031:, p. 147.
2018:
2016:, p. 165.
2003:
1988:
1986:, p. 186.
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1935:, p. 180.
1922:
1910:
1908:, p. 503.
1898:
1886:
1884:, p. 366.
1874:
1859:
1857:, p. 118.
1836:
1821:
1806:
1789:
1770:
1768:, p. 178.
1751:
1739:
1737:, p. 328.
1727:
1715:
1713:, p. 119.
1700:
1698:, p. 174.
1685:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1623:
1621:, p. 161.
1608:
1606:, p. 191.
1591:
1576:
1564:
1562:, p. 446.
1543:
1541:, p. 375.
1528:
1513:
1511:, p. 445.
1501:
1499:, p. 285.
1489:
1477:
1475:, p. 197.
1465:
1463:, p. 429.
1453:
1451:, p. 448.
1441:
1439:, p. 138.
1429:
1427:, p. 105.
1414:
1402:
1390:
1388:, p. 346.
1373:
1371:, p. 374.
1356:
1354:, p. 259.
1337:
1335:, p. 145.
1320:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1277:, p. 146.
1258:
1256:, p. 271.
1246:
1244:, "Costoboci".
1242:Faliyeyev 2007
1231:
1229:, p. 836.
1227:Duridanov 1995
1219:
1207:
1205:, p. 116.
1192:
1190:, p. 430.
1180:
1169:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1100:
1097:
1083:
1080:
1009:
996:
993:
938:
935:
879:
876:
837:
834:
833:
832:
816:
801:
786:
748:
745:
744:
743:
740:
721:
688:
685:
684:
683:
680:
676:
667:
664:
663:
662:
650:
646:
639:Dacpetoporiani
635:
630:
627:
607:
604:
603:
602:
588:
566:
556:
494:
452:
449:
444:
441:
431:PIEPORI. REGIS
427:TIATI FIL(iae)
420:
417:
401:Latin-language
374:
371:
320:Lipiţa culture
306:Lipiţa culture
301:
298:
214:
211:
131:
130:Name etymology
128:
113:Central Greece
99:and the river
16:Ancient people
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3893:
3882:
3881:Dacian tribes
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3859:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3803:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3741:. Copenhagen.
3740:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3567:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3448:
3446:0-520-01596-7
3442:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3017:Thraco-Dacica
3013:
3009:
3004:
3001:(3): 443–468.
3000:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2904:
2899:
2893:, p. 24.
2892:
2887:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2864:, p. 27.
2863:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2817:
2812:
2805:
2804:Mateescu 1923
2800:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2778:
2777:Croitoru 2009
2773:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2753:Croitoru 2009
2749:
2747:
2739:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2691:
2686:
2680:, p. 82.
2679:
2674:
2672:
2664:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2640:
2635:
2628:
2623:
2617:, p. 80.
2616:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2599:
2598:Basotova 2007
2594:
2588:, p. 31.
2587:
2582:
2575:
2570:
2564:, p. 86.
2563:
2562:Aricescu 1980
2558:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2517:
2516:Scheidel 1990
2512:
2505:
2500:
2493:
2488:
2482:, p. 46.
2481:
2480:Aricescu 1980
2476:
2474:
2466:
2461:
2454:
2453:Aricescu 1980
2449:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2429:Colledge 2000
2425:
2418:
2417:Croitoru 2009
2413:
2411:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2375:
2368:
2363:
2356:
2355:Marquand 1895
2351:
2344:
2339:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2312:Pliny NH VI.6
2309:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2287:
2282:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2255:, p. 69.
2254:
2249:
2243:, p. 76.
2242:
2237:
2235:
2228:, p. 99.
2227:
2222:
2215:
2210:
2203:
2202:Shchukin 1989
2198:
2192:, p. 20.
2191:
2186:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2149:Shchukin 1989
2145:
2139:, p. 82.
2138:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2113:Detschew 1957
2109:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2043:, p. 22.
2042:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1984:Detschew 1957
1980:
1978:
1971:, p. 40.
1970:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1906:Detschew 1957
1902:
1896:, p. 36.
1895:
1890:
1883:
1882:Detschew 1957
1878:
1872:, p. 20.
1871:
1866:
1864:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1817:Georgiev 1983
1813:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1735:Detschew 1957
1731:
1725:, p. 27.
1724:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1681:Georgiev 1983
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1646:Detschew 1957
1642:
1636:, p. 35.
1635:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1588:
1587:Muratori 1740
1583:
1581:
1574:, p. 62.
1573:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1525:
1524:Shchukin 1989
1520:
1518:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1497:Shchukin 1989
1493:
1486:
1481:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1438:
1433:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1412:, maps 22,84.
1411:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1255:
1254:Georgiev 1977
1250:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1228:
1223:
1217:, p. 98.
1216:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1173:
1167:, p. 430
1166:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
987:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
889:
884:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
853:
848:
843:
830:
829:umbrella term
825:
821:
817:
814:
810:
806:
802:
799:
795:
791:
787:
784:
780:
779:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:
760:
758:
754:
741:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:
681:
677:
674:
670:
669:
659:
655:
651:
647:
644:
640:
636:
633:
632:
626:
619:
615:
613:
600:
596:
592:
589:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:
564:
560:
557:
554:
550:
547:and a suffix
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
495:
492:
488:
484:
481:
477:
473:
470:
466:
462:
458:
455:
454:
451:Name analysis
448:
440:
437:DRIGISA AVIAE
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
394:
391:
390:
385:
380:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
326:in the Upper
325:
321:
312:
307:
297:
295:
291:
290:Transmontanoi
287:
283:
282:
277:
273:
269:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:
232:
224:
219:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:Indo-European
191:
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
160:
156:
151:
145:
144:Ancient Greek
141:
137:
127:
125:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:. During the
102:
98:
90:
89:Ancient Greek
86:
82:
76:
34:
26:
21:
3847:
3824:
3801:
3792:
3788:
3779:
3770:
3761:
3737:
3727:
3718:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3692:
3683:
3658:
3654:
3645:
3641:
3632:
3623:
3614:
3597:
3588:
3555:
3546:
3537:
3528:
3505:
3472:
3468:
3459:
3455:
3436:
3427:
3418:
3414:
3405:
3401:
3392:
3369:
3360:
3351:
3347:
3338:
3334:
3315:
3303:
3294:
3290:
3289:60) and the
3286:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3241:
3232:
3227:
3190:
3186:
3178:Celtic Dacia
3177:
3154:
3131:
3108:
3099:
3093:(1): 99–127.
3090:
3081:
3077:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3051:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3020:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2973:Batty, Roger
2964:
2960:
2951:
2928:
2919:
2912:Bibliography
2903:Schütte 1917
2898:
2886:
2840:
2833:Opreanu 1997
2811:
2799:
2792:Opreanu 1997
2772:
2760:
2733:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2690:Clinton 2005
2685:
2658:
2646:
2634:
2622:
2593:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2535:Johnson 2011
2511:
2499:
2487:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2424:
2379:Chirică 1993
2374:
2362:
2350:
2338:
2329:
2322:Talbert 2000
2317:
2308:
2301:Mommsen 1996
2281:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2226:Schütte 1917
2221:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2156:
2144:
2137:Schütte 1917
2132:
2120:
2108:
2101:Nandris 1976
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2053:Heather 2010
2048:
2036:
1999:Alföldi 1944
1964:
1952:
1940:
1918:Alföldi 1944
1913:
1901:
1889:
1877:
1802:Alföldi 1944
1747:Alföldi 1944
1742:
1730:
1718:
1658:Alföldi 1944
1653:
1641:
1567:
1504:
1492:
1485:Schütte 1917
1480:
1473:Opreanu 1994
1468:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1410:Talbert 2000
1405:
1398:Talbert 2000
1393:
1352:Ormerod 1997
1299:Talbert 2000
1294:
1282:
1249:
1222:
1210:
1183:
1172:
1160:
1142:Free Dacians
1102:
1085:
1073:
1046:
1041:Saronic Gulf
1023:
1020:
1011:
998:
940:
899:Parthian War
895:V Macedonica
892:
857:
782:
776:
768:
764:
750:
725:Transylvania
717:
713:
697:
693:
653:
638:
624:
612:Free Dacians
609:
598:
594:
590:
580:
576:
572:
568:
562:
558:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
528:
524:
500:
496:
490:
482:
471:
464:
463:of the name
460:
456:
446:
435:NATOPORUS ET
429:DACAE. UXORI
422:
398:
387:
340:
317:
289:
279:
265:
248:
234:
228:
198:
192:
185:
180:
176:
172:
168:
161:
152:
133:
109:Roman empire
32:
30:
3428:The Vandals
2931:. Budapest.
2891:Parker 1958
2879:Birley 2000
2845:Kovács 2009
2816:Bichir 1980
2726:Birley 2000
2663:Cortés 1995
2639:Birley 2000
2504:Birley 2000
2492:Cortés 1995
2465:Kovács 2009
2441:Kovács 2009
2400:Kovács 2009
2367:Frazer 1898
2214:Bichir 1976
2178:Bichir 1976
2161:Macrea 1970
2089:Musset 1994
2065:Frazer 1898
2014:Birley 2000
1604:Dessau 1892
1560:Bichir 1980
1509:Bichir 1980
1461:Frazer 1898
1316:Frazer 1898
1287:Birley 2000
1188:Frazer 1898
1165:Frazer 1898
1026:, X, 34, 5.
1022:Pausanias,
807:, northern
679:components.
658:Roger Batty
637:The rubric
511:in eastern
478:and of the
443:Translation
419:Inscription
351:Zolota Lypa
324:Carpathians
296:Costoboci.
231:Roman Dacia
190:etymology.
25:Roman Dacia
3870:Categories
3795:(1): 3–83.
3721:: 493–498.
3699:: 341–352.
3354:: 125–130.
3335:In Tempore
3193:(2): 158.
3084:: 166–186.
3071:: 385–430.
3054:: 187–193.
3023:: 157–158.
2967:: 405–409.
2627:Jones 1935
2343:Batty 2008
2265:Batty 2008
2253:Twist 2001
2041:Batty 2008
1539:Batty 2008
1386:Russu 1959
1369:Batty 2008
1215:Russu 1969
1203:Russu 1969
963:vexillatio
868:Marcomanni
813:Bessarabia
783:Cotobacchi
765:Cotobacchi
673:Onomastics
661:documents.
525:Nattoporis
465:Drigis(s)a
373:Onomastics
367:inhumation
281:Geographia
249:Cotobacchi
177:bhā-, bhō-
3833:cite book
3810:cite book
3747:cite book
3675:202163312
3606:1220-5249
3574:cite book
3514:cite book
3497:245265254
3378:cite book
3250:cite book
3163:cite book
3157:. Vienna.
3140:cite book
3117:cite book
2937:cite book
2125:Dana 2003
1957:Dana 2006
1945:Dana 2003
1933:Dana 2003
1855:Dana 2006
1832:Dana 2003
1785:Dana 2006
1766:Dana 2003
1711:Dana 2006
1696:Dana 2003
1301:, map 22.
1153:Citations
1035:Ruins at
1005:Pausanias
983:auxiliary
967:I Italica
927:Macedonia
714:Costoboci
694:Costoboci
692:The name
675:, above).
529:Duccidava
507:found at
497:Natoporus
480:legionary
359:cremation
245:Sarmatian
213:Territory
33:Costoboci
3730:. Brill.
3715:Historia
3462:: 49–66.
3363:. Brill.
3225:(1977).
2975:(2008).
1131:See also
1121:Lacringi
979:decurion
971:Dardania
955:decurion
947:Callatis
907:Potaissa
903:Troesmis
888:Potaissa
809:Moldavia
769:Cotoboci
733:Taurisci
718:Cotoboci
666:Thracian
559:Pieporus
491:-gis(s)a
411:scholar
405:Pieporus
393:VI, 1801
338:period.
328:Dniester
272:Dniester
155:compound
120:Hasdingi
101:Dniester
3341:: 1–15.
3287:Oration
3215:1774463
3195:Bibcode
2765:AE 1998
1105:Astingi
1092:Myszków
1057:Eleusis
1037:Eleusis
1001:Elateia
959:duumvir
943:Histria
923:Thracia
824:Eleusis
805:Ukraine
737:Anartes
729:La Tène
710:Taurini
706:Cottius
641:on the
585:dipinto
541:Natusis
505:ostraca
501:Natopor
469:veteran
457:Drigisa
409:Italian
361:, with
336:La Tène
286:Ptolemy
162:Cos-to-
142:and in
23:Map of
3854:
3673:
3604:
3562:
3495:
3489:496570
3487:
3443:
3322:
3213:
3065:Istros
2922:, 1998
2345:, map.
1113:Raptus
1065:Smyrna
1049:Athens
995:Greece
986:cohort
931:Achaea
798:Iranic
702:Cotini
687:Celtic
654:-bokoi
629:Dacian
573:Tiatus
569:Tiatus
294:Dacian
276:Danube
207:Celtic
203:Iranic
188:Celtic
173:kʷōk̂-
169:kʷek̂-
117:Vandal
3693:Dacia
3671:S2CID
3642:SCIVA
3493:S2CID
3485:JSTOR
3415:SCIVA
3231:[
3211:JSTOR
3061:limes
3048:Habis
1125:Carpi
1082:Dacia
975:Scupi
872:Quadi
773:Pliny
698:coto-
595:Ziais
581:Tiato
577:thia-
513:Egypt
485:from
474:from
347:wheel
136:Latin
81:Latin
3852:ISBN
3839:link
3816:link
3753:link
3697:NS 3
3655:Klio
3602:ISSN
3580:link
3560:ISBN
3520:link
3441:ISBN
3384:link
3320:ISBN
3256:link
3169:link
3146:link
3123:link
2943:link
1111:and
1109:Raus
957:and
929:and
811:and
767:(or
563:-por
553:-si-
549:-zi-
545:nat-
533:-por
515:. A
425:ZIAI
363:urns
332:Prut
330:and
274:and
31:The
3663:doi
3477:doi
3203:doi
3082:143
1055:at
909:in
822:at
794:Don
775:'s
716:is
599:Zia
593:or
591:Zia
461:-l-
389:CIL
253:Don
239:of
205:or
181:-k-
3872::
3835:}}
3831:{{
3812:}}
3808:{{
3791:.
3749:}}
3745:{{
3719:39
3717:.
3695:.
3669:.
3659:12
3657:.
3646:58
3644:.
3576:}}
3572:{{
3516:}}
3512:{{
3491:.
3483:.
3473:10
3471:.
3460:23
3458:.
3417:.
3404:.
3380:}}
3376:{{
3352:15
3350:.
3337:.
3252:}}
3248:{{
3209:.
3201:.
3189:.
3165:}}
3161:{{
3142:}}
3138:{{
3119:}}
3115:{{
3080:.
3069:XV
3067:.
3052:25
3050:.
3021:14
3019:.
2999:33
2997:.
2965:58
2963:.
2939:}}
2935:{{
2869:^
2852:^
2823:^
2784:^
2745:^
2670:^
2605:^
2542:^
2523:^
2472:^
2407:^
2386:^
2293:^
2233:^
2168:^
2021:^
2006:^
1991:^
1976:^
1925:^
1862:^
1839:^
1824:^
1809:^
1792:^
1773:^
1754:^
1703:^
1688:^
1665:^
1626:^
1611:^
1594:^
1579:^
1546:^
1531:^
1516:^
1417:^
1376:^
1359:^
1340:^
1323:^
1306:^
1261:^
1234:^
1195:^
1071:.
933:.
925:,
921:,
917:,
870:,
759:.
735:,
399:A
171:,
150:.
146::
138::
91::
87:,
83::
79:;
72:aɪ
66:oʊ
3860:.
3841:)
3818:)
3793:9
3782:.
3764:.
3755:)
3677:.
3665::
3617:.
3608:.
3582:)
3568:.
3531:.
3522:)
3499:.
3479::
3449:.
3419:I
3406:I
3386:)
3339:4
3328:.
3285:(
3258:)
3217:.
3205::
3197::
3191:5
3180:.
3171:)
3148:)
3125:)
2979:.
2954:.
2945:)
2518:.
1043:.
555:.
551:/
225:.
75:/
69:s
63:b
60:ˈ
57:ə
54:t
51:s
48:ɒ
45:k
42:ˌ
39:/
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
_im_Raum_zwischen_Dniester_und_Moldau_in_der_Zeit_vom_1_Jh._v._Chr._bis_zum_5._Jahrhundert,_Kostoboken_(dakischen_Volksstamme).JPG)
