Knowledge

Cotton library

Source 📝

439:
of great Use and Service for the Knowledge and Preservation of our Constitution both in Church and State which Manuscripts and other Writings were procured as well from Parts beyond the Seas as from severall Private Collectors of such Antiquities within this Realm are generally esteemed the best Collection of its Kind now any where extant And whereas the said Library has been preserved with the utmost Care and Diligence by the late Sir Thomas Cotton Son of the said Sir Robert and by Sir John Cotton of Westminster now living Grandson of the said Sir Robert and has been very much augmented and enlarged by them and lodged in a very proper Place in the said Sir Johns ancient Mansion House at Westminster which is very convenient for that Purpose And whereas the said Sir John Cotton in pursuance of the Desire and Intentions of his said Father and Grandfather is content and willing that the said Mansion House and Library should continue in his Family and Name and not be sold or otherwise disposed or imbezled and that the said Library should be kept and preserved by the Name of the Cottonian Library for Publick Use & Advantage....
352: 250: 480: 22: 2471: 2481: 95:, many priceless and ancient manuscripts that had belonged to the monastic libraries began to be disseminated among various owners, many of whom were unaware of the cultural value of the manuscripts. Cotton's skill lay in finding, purchasing and preserving these ancient documents. The leading scholars of the era, including 209:
Such important evidence was highly valuable at a time when the politics of the realm were historically disputed between king and Parliament. Sir Robert knew his library was of vital public interest and, although he made it freely available to consult, it made him an object of hostility on the part of
438:
Sir Robert Cotton late of Connington in the County of Huntingdon Baronett did at his own great Charge and Expense and by the Assistance of the most learned Antiquaries of his Time collect and purchase the most useful Manuscripts Written Books Papers Parchments and other Memorialls in most Languages
655:
According to scholar, Colin Tite, the system according to the busts was probably not in full effect until 1638; however there are notes that suggest that Sir Robert planned to arrange the library in this system before his death in 1631, but was probably, as Tite hypothesises, interrupted during the
1295:
Strype thus mentions Cotton House: "In the passage out of Westminster Hall into Old Palace Yard, a little beyond the stairs going up to St. Stephen's Chapel, now the Parliament House" (that is, the present House of Commons), "is the house belonging to the ancient and noble family of the Cottons,
556:
within the resources of his time. The published report of this work is of major importance in bibliography. Copies of some of the lost works had been made, and many of those damaged could be restored in the nineteenth century. However, these early conservation efforts were not always successful:
596:
were acquired and added, so that these three became the museum's three "foundation collections". The Royal manuscripts were donated by George II in 1757. In 1973 all these collections passed to the newly established British Library. The British Library continues to organise its Cottonian books
1734:
A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Cottonian Library. To Which Are Added Many Emendations and Additions. With an Appendix Containing an Account of the Damage Sustained by the Fire in 1731, and Also a Catalogue of the Charters Preserved in the Same
605:
Sir Robert Cotton had organised his library according to the case, shelf and position of a book within a room twenty-six feet long and six feet wide. Each bookcase in his library was surmounted by a bust of a historical personage, including
569:(Digital Research Laboratory for Medieval Manuscript Fragments), an international collaboration of libraries and research institutions to catalogue and collate vulnerable manuscript fragments, making them available for research under a 214:) and the library was closed on this pretext. Cotton was released on 15 November and the prosecution abandoned the following May, but the library remained shut up until after Sir Robert's death; it was restored to his son and heir, 221:
Sir Robert's library included his collection of books, manuscripts, coins and medallions. After his death the collection was maintained and added to by his son, Sir Thomas Cotton (d. 1662), and grandson, Sir John Cotton (d. 1702).
630:. In total, he had fourteen busts, and his scheme involved a designation of bust name/shelf letter/volume number from left end. Thus, the two most famous of the manuscripts from the Cotton library are "Cotton Vitellius A.xv" and " 132:
In 1731 the collection was badly damaged by a fire in which 13 manuscripts were completely destroyed, and some 200 seriously damaged. The most important Anglo-Saxon manuscripts had already been copied; the original text of
491:
On 23 October 1731, fire broke out in Ashburnham House, in which 13 manuscripts were lost, while over 200 others faced severe destruction and water damage. Bentley escaped while clutching the priceless
2335: 171:; and by the seventeenth century Sir Robert Cotton came to hold, and subsequently bound, over a hundred volumes of official papers. There is a theory that the curious incident of the 1643 152:
At the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, official state records and important papers were poorly kept, and often retained privately, neglected or destroyed by public officers.
3153: 1296:
wherein is kept a most inestimable library of manuscript volumes found both at home and abroad." Sir Christopher Wren describes the house in his time as in "a very ruinous condition."
267:
An Act for the better Settling and Preserving the Library kept in the House at Westminster, called Cotton-house, in the Name and Family of the Cottons, for the Benefit of the Publick.
1335:"An Act for the better settling and preserving the Library kept in the House at Westminster called Cotton House in the Name and Family of the Cottons for the Benefit of the Publick" 2185: 426:
upon his death in 1702. At this time, Great Britain did not have a national library, and the transfer of the Cotton library to the nation became the basis of what is now the
2295: 2285: 2972: 1162:"COTTON, Rowland (1581-1634), of Crooked Lane, London; later of Alkington Hall, Whitchurch and Bellaport Hall, Norton-in-Hales, Salop | History of Parliament Online" 1112:"COTTON, Rowland (1581-1634), of Crooked Lane, London; later of Alkington Hall, Whitchurch and Bellaport Hall, Norton-in-Hales, Salop | History of Parliament Online" 1453: 1949: 2140: 1803:"Cotton Manuscripts Project: This project assisted the British Library in updating the catalogues of the manuscript library of Sir Robert Cotton (1586-1631)" 210:
the government. On 3 November 1629 he was arrested for disseminating a pamphlet held to be seditious (it had actually been written fifteen years earlier by
186:
and was a valuable resource and meeting-place not only for antiquarians and scholars but also for politicians and jurists of various persuasions, including
1081: 2225: 2892: 549: 2290: 565:
led by Christina Duffy to scan and upload images of previously illegible early English manuscripts damaged in the fire. Images will form part of
2250: 1005: 984: 755: 932: 794: 771: 719: 702: 682: 3158: 2947: 2517: 215: 54: 3104: 1924: 824: 2035: 971: 811: 746: 1480: 880: 851: 2872: 1531: 2360: 2175: 1995: 1934: 2431: 2355: 1831: 1048: 676: 557:
bungled attempts to clean the Magna Carta exemplification rendered it largely illegible to the naked eye. More recently, advances in
553: 1761: 467:(now "Royal" manuscripts at the British Library). Ashburnham House also became the residence of the keeper of the king's libraries, 2748: 1969: 203: 2620: 2592: 2082: 2020: 374: 272: 909: 1161: 1111: 663:, the librarian of Sir John Cotton, Sir Robert Cotton's grandson. The library's official catalogue was published in 1802 by 111:
acted as his librarian. The library is of special importance for having preserved the only copy of several works, including
2962: 2952: 2220: 57:
MP (1571–1631). The collection of books and materials Sir Robert held was one of the three "foundation collections" of the
2426: 447:
c. 30), under which the trustees removed the collections from the ruinous Cotton House, whose site is now covered by the
3143: 2195: 2015: 1919: 1703: 1457: 1419: 1388: 1317: 499: 1974: 2510: 2365: 2200: 1796: 1625: 1343:(Rot. Parl. 12 § 13 Gul. III. p. 1. n. 7). Vol. 7: 1695–1701. Great Britain Record Commission. pp. 642–643. 1556: 3034: 2586: 2484: 1909: 3148: 2820: 2401: 2130: 2072: 864: 125: 1237: 1187: 1089: 552:, as one of the statutory trustees of the library, directed and personally supervised a remarkable programme of 2742: 2648: 2572: 2436: 2350: 2345: 1722: 430:. The early history of the collection is laid out in the introductory recitals to the British Museum Act 1700 ( 92: 2993: 2906: 2676: 2406: 2396: 2210: 1824: 1655: 310: 1787: 2830: 2766: 2728: 2666: 2503: 2446: 2115: 29:
are one example of the valuable and prestigious works collected by Sir Robert Cotton. They are now in the
2802: 2738: 2451: 1914: 1883: 648:) and "Go to the bust of Nero, top shelf, tenth book" for the manuscript containing all the works of the 2888: 2752: 2718: 2696: 2597: 1964: 3075: 2834: 2758: 2692: 2180: 1878: 1744: 664: 1365: 3038: 3019: 2878: 2792: 2682: 2630: 2474: 1873: 1817: 211: 1222: 324: 3163: 2910: 2700: 2640: 2567: 2145: 2040: 1288: 443:
The acquisition of the collection was better secured and managed by the British Museum Act 1706 (
108: 1732: 1136: 3042: 2920: 2582: 2577: 2456: 2380: 942: 738: 660: 199: 1262: 2957: 2786: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2686: 2634: 2165: 2100: 2025: 1939: 778: 573: 364: 356: 262: 254: 160: 74: 1334: 2916: 2810: 2722: 2624: 2601: 2275: 2095: 1353: 887: 831: 512: 479: 452: 448: 183: 135: 119: 802: 8: 3065: 3024: 2937: 2732: 2672: 2644: 2557: 2325: 2245: 2205: 2170: 2160: 2125: 2056: 2010: 1990: 1863: 1769: 1043: 923: 872: 733: 26: 1216: 61:
in 1753. It is now one of the major collections of the Department of Manuscripts of the
2896: 2340: 2320: 2310: 2255: 2235: 2230: 2120: 2110: 2005: 1929: 1868: 1746:
A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Cottonian Library Deposited in the British Museum
1672: 1338: 659:
In 1696, the first printed catalogue of the Cotton library's holdings was published by
507: 494: 431: 277: 3080: 3009: 2782: 2662: 2370: 2280: 2270: 2190: 2150: 2090: 2030: 1944: 1802: 1718: 1699: 1631: 1621: 1594: 1415: 1384: 1354:
An Act for the better securing Her Majesties Purchase of Cotton House in Westminster.
1313: 991: 786: 652:. The manuscripts are still catalogued by these call numbers in the British Library. 593: 589: 526:, the illustrations of which nevertheless remain an important record of Late Antique 464: 404: 369:
An Act for the better securing her Majesty's Purchase of Cotton House in Westminster.
175:
was the output of concerns of both sides to secure the Library of Old Sir Rowland at
164: 85: 463:, a little west of the Palace of Westminster. From 1707 the library also housed the 2967: 2942: 2900: 2868: 2774: 2658: 2562: 2495: 2441: 2330: 2315: 2265: 2260: 2135: 1664: 693: 631: 570: 531: 460: 667:, which remained the standard guide to the library's contents until modern times. 3090: 2882: 2814: 2806: 2796: 2770: 2762: 2612: 2547: 2375: 2305: 2215: 2155: 1840: 1791: 1436: 1038: 607: 562: 468: 427: 62: 30: 1668: 1580:
Murray, Stuart. 2009. The library: an illustrated history. Chicago, ALA Editions
3085: 3029: 3013: 2838: 2654: 2552: 2300: 2240: 1954: 1899: 725: 585: 523: 484: 456: 100: 58: 21: 3137: 3119: 3106: 2778: 1022: 961: 615: 566: 558: 545: 503: 423: 96: 1293:. Vol. 3. London: Cassel, Petter & Galpin. 1878. pp. 491–502. 2988: 2105: 1959: 1434: 1407: 1011: 858: 639: 394: 290: 176: 168: 104: 78: 50: 1635: 163:, and they were connected to the polymath and sixteenth century statesman 689: 588:, under the Act of Parliament which established it. At the same time the 535: 527: 195: 187: 46: 2824: 1212: 902: 649: 638:, top shelf (A), and count fifteen over" for the volume containing the 156: 66: 1676: 422:
Sir Robert's grandson, Sir John Cotton, donated the Cotton library to
635: 627: 611: 498:
under one arm, a scene witnessed and later described in a letter to
1438:
A Report from the Committee Appointed to View the Cottonian Library
908:
B.xi.2 fragment of a copy of the Parker Chronicle (ASC G or A, the
763: 191: 172: 82: 1809: 434:. c. 7) that established statutory trusts for the Cotton library: 1016: 708: 644: 518: 113: 1784: 1505: 1506:"Digital Research Laboratory for Medieval Manuscript Fragments" 444: 379: 305: 45:
is a collection of manuscripts that came into the hands of the
1616:
Downer, L. J. (1972). "Introduction". In Downer, L. J. (ed.).
182:
By 1622, his house and library stood immediately north of the
522:
was heavily damaged. Also severely damaged was the Byzantine
785:
A.ix fragment of the Bilingual Canterbury Epitome (ASC H),
623: 619: 459:, which, however, was regarded as a fire risk; and then to 3154:
Former buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
2973:
Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide
1481:"Revealing hidden information using multispectral imaging" 471:(1662–1742), a renowned theologian and classical scholar. 542:, was shrivelled in the fire, and its seal badly melted. 70: 656:
implementation by the closure of the library in 1629.
634:". In Cotton's own day, that meant "Under the bust of 584:
In 1753 the Cotton library was transferred to the new
1414:. London: The British Library. pp. 66, 216–219. 16:
Collection of manuscripts held by the British Library
2525: 1435:
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1732).
1218:
The Lives of John Selden, Esq., and Archbishop Usher
741:
of a 12th-century legal treatise, copied around 1310
561:
photography have enabled imaging specialists at the
1532:"Fragmentarium and the burnt Anglo-Saxon fragments" 1698:. Panizzi Lectures 1993. London: British Library. 750:(missing introduction and parts of the conclusion) 2893:British Library of Political and Economic Science 3135: 1454:"Revealing the secrets of the burnt Magna Carta" 1595:"The Early Catalogues of the Cottonian Library" 707:A.ii "A Pistil of Susan" (frag.) (probably by 487:was badly damaged in the Ashburnam House fire. 2948:Francis Skaryna Belarusian Library and Museum 2511: 1825: 1406: 1263:"Radio Shropshire - Listen Live - BBC Sounds" 1235: 1185: 579: 1975:Todd-Bowden Collection of Tauchnitz Editions 1785:British Library Digitized Manuscripts Online 1651:De Iniusta Vexacione Willelmi Episcopi Primi 1366:"Their Present Miserable State of Cremation" 747:De Iniusta Vexacione Willelmi Episcopi Primi 1696:The Manuscript Library of Sir Robert Cotton 1428: 2518: 2504: 2361:Turner Collection of Railway Letter Stamps 1832: 1818: 1287:"LVIII: The Royal Palace of Westminster". 1137:"The (Almost) Complete Cotton Family Tree" 2356:Turner Collection of Newspaper Tax Stamps 1588: 1586: 1307: 1049:List of manuscripts in the Cotton library 677:List of manuscripts in the Cotton library 1805:. University of Sheffield. 11 July 1997. 478: 474: 20: 1620:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 48. 1332: 670: 530:. One of the collection's two original 3136: 1742: 1712: 1648: 1615: 1583: 1378: 1312:. Washington: Folger. pp. 268ff. 1221:. London: Mathews and Leigh. pp.  801:Additional Glosses to the Glossary in 776:A.viii: Bilingual Canterbury Epitome ( 2499: 2291:Postal Authority Publicity Collection 1813: 1536:British Library: Medieval Manuscripts 1402: 1400: 1211: 325:Text of statute as originally enacted 225: 3159:Libraries in the City of Westminster 2963:Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum 2480: 2221:Imperial War Museum stamp collection 1693: 1649:Offler, H. S. (1951). "The Tractate 1592: 1076: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1064: 155:The Cotton family were prominent in 107:, came to use Sir Robert's library. 1839: 1529: 1381:The Library: An Illustrated History 13: 2196:H.M. Customs and Excise Collection 1397: 14: 3175: 2201:H.M. Stationery Office Collection 1768:. British Library. Archived from 1754: 1713:Wright, Christopher, ed. (1997). 1557:"Manuscripts: Closed Collections" 1478: 1456:. British Library. Archived from 1451: 1412:Magna Carta: Law, Liberty, Legacy 1410:; Harrison, Julian, eds. (2015). 1308:Berkowitz, David Sandler (1988). 1166:www.historyofparliamentonline.org 1116:www.historyofparliamentonline.org 1061: 948:B.i Abingdon Chronicle II (ASC C) 937:A.vi Abingdon Chronicle I (ASC B) 600: 2587:Dana Research Centre and Library 2526:Libraries and archives in London 2479: 2470: 2469: 1485:British Library: Collection Care 951:B.iv Worcester Chronicle (ASC D) 350: 248: 2402:Oral History of British Science 2226:Inland Revenue Stamping Archive 2176:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 2131:Contributions Agency Collection 1642: 1609: 1574: 1549: 1523: 1498: 1472: 1445: 1372: 1358: 1347: 1326: 1301: 865:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 597:according to the famous busts. 550:Speaker of the House of Commons 126:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 2743:Islington Local History Centre 2649:The Library at Willesden Green 2351:Turner Collection of Forgeries 2346:Treasury Excise Correspondence 2211:Harrison & Sons Collection 1715:Sir Robert Cotton as Collector 1280: 1255: 1229: 1205: 1179: 1154: 1129: 1104: 93:Dissolution of the Monasteries 1: 2994:London Action Resource Centre 2907:University of the Arts London 2677:Westminster Reference Library 2397:British Library Sound Archive 1797:British Library Images Online 1687: 1656:The English Historical Review 1379:Murray, Stuart A. P. (2009). 1310:John Selden's Formative Years 1236:nortoninhales (2 June 2017). 1186:nortoninhales (2 June 2017). 1054: 311:Statute Law Revision Act 1948 2667:London Metropolitan Archives 2296:R.P.S.L. Handouts Collection 2251:Landmark Trust Lundy Archive 2116:Campbell-Johnston Collection 1950:Leyden Medical Dissertations 910:copy of Winchester Chronicle 7: 2953:Library for Iranian Studies 1884:National Reports Collection 1717:. London: British Library. 1599:The British Library Journal 1333:Raithby, John, ed. (1820). 1032: 714:A.xv Easter Table Chronicle 516:was destroyed, and that of 69:family who originated near 10: 3180: 2889:London School of Economics 2753:Kensington Central Library 2598:Victoria and Albert Museum 1996:Coptic Language Collection 1965:Suppressed Safe collection 1694:Tite, Colin G. C. (1994). 1593:Tite, Colin G. C. (1980). 1238:"History of Norton Parish" 1188:"History of Norton Parish" 674: 580:British Museum and Library 332:United Kingdom legislation 230:United Kingdom legislation 147: 142: 3144:Middle English literature 3076:Grosvenor Gallery Library 3056: 3002: 2981: 2930: 2861: 2852: 2835:Battersea Central Library 2657:(Artizan Street Library, 2611: 2540: 2531: 2465: 2419: 2389: 2181:Foreign Office Collection 2081: 2065: 2049: 1983: 1892: 1856: 1847: 1669:10.1093/ehr/LXVI.CCLX.321 413: 403: 393: 388: 373: 363: 349: 344: 337: 323: 316: 304: 299: 289: 284: 271: 261: 247: 242: 235: 88:in the mid 16th century. 81:publisher, statesman and 3039:House of Commons Library 2336:Supplementary Collection 1874:Francis Place Collection 845:Ælfric's Lives of Saints 384:(Ruffhead: 5 Ann. c. 30) 2911:Stanley Kubrick Archive 2701:Croydon Central Library 2568:National Poetry Library 2146:Crown Agents Collection 2041:Stefan Zweig Collection 1790:10 October 2023 at the 1743:Planta, Joseph (1802). 1738:. London: Hooper. 1777. 917:De creatore et creatura 839:Old English Martyrology 540:Cotton Charter XIII.31A 339:British Museum Act 1706 237:British Museum Act 1700 139:was completely burned. 3149:Old English literature 3043:House of Lords Library 3014:Lambeth Palace Library 2921:Senate House Libraries 2749:Kensington and Chelsea 2578:Parliamentary Archives 2573:Natural History Museum 2407:St Mary-le-Bow Debates 2381:Wilson-Todd Collection 964:Ecclesiastical History 739:illuminated manuscript 500:Charlotte, Lady Sundon 488: 441: 34: 3020:Dr Williams's Library 2958:Marx Memorial Library 2879:King's College London 2787:Upper Norwood Library 2713:Upper Norwood Library 2709:South Norwood Library 2705:New Addington Library 2687:Swiss Cottage Library 2635:East Finchley Library 2593:The National Archives 2286:Photograph Collection 2166:Fitzgerald Collection 2101:Bojanowicz Collection 2026:Lansdowne manuscripts 1940:Harold Pinter Archive 1383:. Chicago: Skyhouse. 1340:Statutes of the Realm 779:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 574:public domain license 482: 475:Ashburnham House fire 436: 357:Parliament of England 255:Parliament of England 24: 3120:51.52944°N 0.12694°W 2917:University of London 2811:John Harvard Library 2723:Muswell Hill Library 2669:, Shoe Lane Library) 2625:Valence House Museum 2621:Barking and Dagenham 2602:National Art Library 2276:Muraleetharan Papers 2141:Crown Agents Archive 2096:Blackburn Collection 1762:"Cotton manuscripts" 1092:on 12 September 2016 1082:"Cotton Manuscripts" 999:De duodecim abusivis 978:Ælfwine's Prayerbook 956:Labour of the Months 901:B.x.165 Anglo-Saxon 888:The Battle of Maldon 832:Julius Work Calendar 671:Selected manuscripts 513:The Battle of Maldon 510:. The manuscript of 449:Houses of Parliament 184:Houses of Parliament 159:, and their seat at 136:The Battle of Maldon 120:The Battle of Maldon 77:and employed by the 3116: /  3066:British War Library 3025:Evangelical Library 2938:Bishopsgate Library 2873:Abdus Salam Library 2741:(Finsbury Library, 2673:City of Westminster 2645:Kensal Rise Library 2558:Imperial War Museum 2447:Preservation Office 2326:Sherborn Collection 2246:Langmead Collection 2206:Harrison Collection 2171:Fletcher Collection 2161:Feldheim Collection 2126:Chinchen Collection 2057:Beudeker Collection 2011:Harleian Collection 1991:Arundel Manuscripts 1970:Thomason Collection 1864:Ettridge Collection 1618:Leges Henrici Primi 1441:. House of Commons. 1044:Harleian Collection 943:Hemming's Cartulary 924:Otho-Corpus Gospels 905:(destroyed in 1731) 891:(destroyed in 1731) 873:Lindisfarne Gospels 734:Leges Henrici Primi 451:. It went first to 432:13 & 14 Will. 3 278:13 & 14 Will. 3 65:. Cotton was of a 55:Robert Bruce Cotton 27:Lindisfarne Gospels 3125:51.52944; -0.12694 2341:Tapling Collection 2321:Shelley Collection 2311:Seymour Collection 2256:McInroy Collection 2236:Kaluski Collection 2231:Johnson Collection 2186:General Collection 2121:Chismon Collection 2111:Burnett Collection 2021:King's manuscripts 2006:Egerton Collection 1930:Garrick Collection 1915:Durrell Collection 1879:Jaffray Collection 1869:Evanion Collection 1749:. London: Hansard. 1479:Duffy, Christina. 1452:Duffy, Christina. 1290:Old and New London 508:Westminster School 495:Codex Alexandrinus 489: 226:Gift to the nation 167:who published the 73:and were based in 35: 3099: 3098: 3081:Limehouse Library 3052: 3051: 3010:Church of England 2848: 2847: 2783:Streatham Library 2697:Ashburton Library 2663:Guildhall Library 2493: 2492: 2415: 2414: 2371:Walker Collection 2366:U.P.U. Collection 2281:Murray Collection 2271:Mosely Collection 2191:Ginger Collection 2151:Davies Collection 2091:Bailey Collection 2073:Burney Collection 2036:Syriac Collection 2031:Stowe manuscripts 2016:Royal manuscripts 2001:Cotton Collection 1935:Hannas Collection 1920:Eccles Collection 1910:Dexter Collection 1766:Collection Guides 1530:Dunning, Andrew. 992:Vespasian Psalter 818:Athelstan Psalter 594:Harley Collection 590:Sloane Collection 465:Old Royal Library 420: 419: 345:Act of Parliament 330: 329: 300:Other legislation 243:Act of Parliament 216:Sir Thomas Cotton 212:Sir Robert Dudley 43:Cottonian library 3171: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3057:Former libraries 2968:Wellcome Library 2943:Feminist Library 2869:Imperial College 2859: 2858: 2775:Lambeth Archives 2767:Carnegie Library 2659:Barbican Library 2563:National Gallery 2538: 2537: 2532:Public libraries 2520: 2513: 2506: 2497: 2496: 2483: 2482: 2473: 2472: 2442:Panizzi Lectures 2331:Smith Collection 2316:Scott Collection 2266:Monks Collection 2261:Model Collection 2136:Crawford Library 1854: 1853: 1834: 1827: 1820: 1811: 1810: 1806: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1750: 1739: 1728: 1709: 1681: 1680: 1663:(260): 321–341. 1646: 1640: 1639: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1590: 1581: 1578: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1502: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1449: 1443: 1442: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1404: 1395: 1394: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1362: 1356: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1305: 1299: 1298: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1259: 1253: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1233: 1227: 1226: 1209: 1203: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1183: 1177: 1176: 1174: 1172: 1158: 1152: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1141:Combermere Abbey 1133: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1108: 1102: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1088:. Archived from 1078: 571:Creative Commons 532:exemplifications 506:, headmaster of 461:Ashburnham House 415:Status: Repealed 354: 353: 340: 335: 334: 318:Status: Repealed 252: 251: 238: 233: 232: 204:Thomas Wentworth 165:Sir Rowland Hill 86:Sir Rowland Hill 3179: 3178: 3174: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3134: 3133: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3095: 3091:Woodlands House 3058: 3048: 2998: 2977: 2926: 2897:Women's Library 2883:Maughan Library 2854: 2853:Other libraries 2844: 2815:Peckham Library 2807:Dulwich Library 2797:Mitcham Library 2771:Durning Library 2763:Brixton Library 2607: 2548:British Library 2533: 2527: 2524: 2494: 2489: 2461: 2411: 2385: 2376:Williams Papers 2306:Ryan Collection 2216:Heys Collection 2156:Ewen Collection 2077: 2061: 2045: 1979: 1925:Ediciones Vigía 1888: 1849: 1843: 1841:British Library 1838: 1801: 1792:Wayback Machine 1775: 1773: 1760: 1757: 1731: 1725: 1706: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1647: 1643: 1628: 1614: 1610: 1591: 1584: 1579: 1575: 1565: 1563: 1561:British Library 1555: 1554: 1550: 1540: 1538: 1528: 1524: 1514: 1512: 1504: 1503: 1499: 1489: 1487: 1477: 1473: 1463: 1461: 1460:on 18 June 2016 1450: 1446: 1433: 1429: 1422: 1405: 1398: 1391: 1377: 1373: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1352: 1348: 1331: 1327: 1320: 1306: 1302: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1271: 1269: 1261: 1260: 1256: 1246: 1244: 1234: 1230: 1210: 1206: 1196: 1194: 1184: 1180: 1170: 1168: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1145: 1143: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1120: 1118: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1095: 1093: 1086:British Library 1080: 1079: 1062: 1057: 1039:British Library 1035: 997:D.xiv Ælfric's 744:D.iv fos 48–54 694:Exemplification 679: 673: 632:Cotton Nero A.x 608:Augustus Caesar 603: 582: 563:British Library 477: 469:Richard Bentley 428:British Library 416: 409:3 December 1706 383: 359: 351: 338: 333: 319: 257: 249: 236: 231: 228: 188:Sir Edward Coke 150: 145: 63:British Library 31:British Library 17: 12: 11: 5: 3177: 3167: 3166: 3164:Cotton Library 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3086:Thomas Hookham 3083: 3078: 3073: 3071:Cotton library 3068: 3062: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3032: 3030:London Library 3027: 3022: 3017: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2996: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2924: 2914: 2904: 2886: 2876: 2865: 2863: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2842: 2839:Putney Library 2828: 2818: 2800: 2790: 2756: 2746: 2736: 2726: 2716: 2690: 2680: 2670: 2655:City of London 2652: 2638: 2628: 2617: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2605: 2595: 2590: 2583:Science Museum 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2553:British Museum 2550: 2544: 2542: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2522: 2515: 2508: 2500: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2487: 2477: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2301:Row Collection 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2241:Kay Collection 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2087: 2085: 2079: 2078: 2076: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2059: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1955:Paston Letters 1952: 1947: 1945:King's Library 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1905:Cotton Library 1902: 1900:Ashley Library 1896: 1894: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1860: 1858: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1837: 1836: 1829: 1822: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1799: 1794: 1782: 1756: 1755:External links 1753: 1752: 1751: 1740: 1729: 1723: 1710: 1705:978-0712303590 1704: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1641: 1626: 1608: 1582: 1573: 1548: 1522: 1497: 1471: 1444: 1427: 1421:978-0712357647 1420: 1396: 1390:978-1616084530 1389: 1371: 1357: 1346: 1325: 1319:978-0918016911 1318: 1300: 1279: 1254: 1228: 1204: 1178: 1153: 1128: 1103: 1059: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1003: 1002: 1001: 995: 982: 981: 980: 969: 968: 967: 958: 952: 949: 946: 938: 930: 929: 928: 919: 913: 906: 899: 892: 878: 877: 876: 868: 849: 848: 847: 841: 835: 822: 821: 820: 809: 808: 807: 792: 791: 790: 783: 769: 768: 767: 753: 752: 751: 742: 729: 726:Cotton Genesis 717: 716: 715: 712: 700: 699: 698: 675:Main article: 672: 669: 602: 601:Classification 599: 586:British Museum 581: 578: 524:Cotton Genesis 485:Cotton Genesis 476: 473: 418: 417: 414: 411: 410: 407: 401: 400: 397: 391: 390: 386: 385: 377: 371: 370: 367: 361: 360: 355: 347: 346: 342: 341: 331: 328: 327: 321: 320: 317: 314: 313: 308: 302: 301: 297: 296: 293: 287: 286: 282: 281: 275: 269: 268: 265: 259: 258: 253: 245: 244: 240: 239: 229: 227: 224: 200:Sir John Eliot 149: 146: 144: 141: 101:Walter Raleigh 59:British Museum 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3176: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3132: 3129: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3055: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3035:UK Parliament 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2851: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2821:Tower Hamlets 2819: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2779:Minet Library 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2530: 2521: 2516: 2514: 2509: 2507: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2486: 2478: 2476: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1846: 1842: 1835: 1830: 1828: 1823: 1821: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1772:on 6 May 2021 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1748: 1747: 1741: 1737: 1736: 1730: 1726: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1691: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1645: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1627:9780198253013 1623: 1619: 1612: 1605:(2): 144–157. 1604: 1600: 1596: 1589: 1587: 1577: 1562: 1558: 1552: 1537: 1533: 1526: 1511: 1510:Fragmentarium 1507: 1501: 1486: 1482: 1475: 1459: 1455: 1448: 1440: 1439: 1431: 1423: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1408:Breay, Claire 1403: 1401: 1392: 1386: 1382: 1375: 1367: 1361: 1355: 1350: 1342: 1341: 1336: 1329: 1321: 1315: 1311: 1304: 1297: 1292: 1291: 1283: 1268: 1267:www.bbc.co.uk 1264: 1258: 1243: 1242:nortoninhales 1239: 1232: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1208: 1193: 1192:nortoninhales 1189: 1182: 1167: 1163: 1157: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1117: 1113: 1107: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1060: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1000: 996: 994: 993: 988: 987: 986: 983: 979: 975: 974: 973: 970: 966: 965: 959: 957: 953: 950: 947: 945: 944: 939: 936: 935: 934: 931: 927:(fragmentary) 926: 925: 920: 918: 915:C.i Ælfric's 914: 911: 907: 904: 900: 898:(fragmentary) 897: 896:Mary of Egypt 893: 890: 889: 884: 883: 882: 879: 875: 874: 869: 867: 866: 861: 860: 855: 854: 853: 850: 846: 842: 840: 836: 834: 833: 828: 827: 826: 823: 819: 815: 814: 813: 810: 806: 804: 798: 797: 796: 793: 788: 784: 781: 780: 775: 774: 773: 770: 766: 765: 759: 758: 757: 754: 749: 748: 743: 740: 736: 735: 730: 728:(fragmentary) 727: 723: 722: 721: 718: 713: 710: 706: 705: 704: 701: 697: 695: 691: 686: 685: 684: 681: 680: 678: 668: 666: 665:Joseph Planta 662: 657: 653: 651: 647: 646: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 616:Julius Caesar 613: 609: 598: 595: 591: 587: 577: 575: 572: 568: 567:Fragmentarium 564: 560: 559:multispectral 555: 551: 547: 546:Arthur Onslow 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 520: 515: 514: 509: 505: 504:Robert Freind 501: 497: 496: 486: 481: 472: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 440: 435: 433: 429: 425: 424:Great Britain 412: 408: 406: 402: 398: 396: 392: 387: 381: 378: 376: 372: 368: 366: 362: 358: 348: 343: 336: 326: 322: 315: 312: 309: 307: 303: 298: 294: 292: 288: 283: 279: 276: 274: 270: 266: 264: 260: 256: 246: 241: 234: 223: 219: 217: 213: 207: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 180: 178: 174: 173:Battle of Wem 170: 166: 162: 158: 153: 140: 138: 137: 130: 128: 127: 122: 121: 116: 115: 110: 109:Richard James 106: 102: 98: 97:Francis Bacon 94: 89: 87: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 32: 28: 23: 19: 3101: 3070: 3059:and archives 2989:56a Infoshop 2901:Shaw Library 2855:and archives 2534:and archives 2452:Reading Room 2427:Bookbindings 2106:Booth Papers 2000: 1960:Private Case 1904: 1774:. Retrieved 1770:the original 1765: 1745: 1733: 1714: 1695: 1660: 1654: 1650: 1644: 1617: 1611: 1602: 1598: 1576: 1564:. Retrieved 1560: 1551: 1541:18 September 1539:. Retrieved 1535: 1525: 1515:18 September 1513:. Retrieved 1509: 1500: 1490:18 September 1488:. Retrieved 1484: 1474: 1462:. Retrieved 1458:the original 1447: 1437: 1430: 1411: 1380: 1374: 1360: 1349: 1339: 1328: 1309: 1303: 1294: 1289: 1282: 1270:. Retrieved 1266: 1257: 1245:. Retrieved 1241: 1231: 1217: 1207: 1195:. Retrieved 1191: 1181: 1169:. Retrieved 1165: 1156: 1144:. Retrieved 1140: 1131: 1119:. Retrieved 1115: 1106: 1094:. Retrieved 1090:the original 1085: 1021: 1015: 1012:Nowell Codex 998: 990: 977: 963: 955: 941: 922: 916: 895: 886: 871: 863: 857: 844: 838: 830: 817: 800: 777: 761: 745: 732: 688: 661:Thomas Smith 658: 654: 643: 640:Nowell Codex 604: 583: 544: 539: 534:of the 1215 517: 511: 493: 490: 442: 437: 421: 405:Commencement 399:8 April 1707 395:Royal assent 295:12 June 1701 291:Royal assent 220: 208: 181: 177:Soulton Hall 169:Geneva Bible 154: 151: 134: 131: 124: 118: 112: 105:James Ussher 90: 79:Geneva Bible 42: 38: 36: 18: 3123: / 1984:Manuscripts 1850:collections 1776:11 December 1272:16 December 1247:20 November 1213:Aikin, John 1171:21 November 1146:21 November 1121:21 November 762:Life of St 690:Magna Carta 642:(including 554:restoration 536:Magna Carta 528:iconography 453:Essex House 306:Repealed by 218:, in 1633. 196:John Selden 51:bibliophile 47:antiquarian 3138:Categories 3108:51°31′46″N 2931:Charitable 2831:Wandsworth 2825:Idea Store 2733:Manor Farm 2729:Hillingdon 2083:Philatelic 2066:Newspapers 1893:Literature 1724:0712303588 1688:Literature 1464:13 October 1197:1 November 1055:References 650:Pearl Poet 457:The Strand 365:Long title 263:Long title 157:Shropshire 91:After the 67:Shropshire 2803:Southwark 2739:Islington 2432:Employees 1006:Vitellius 985:Vespasian 903:rune poem 756:Cleopatra 636:Vitellius 628:Vespasian 612:Cleopatra 161:Alkington 75:Alkington 3111:0°7′37″W 2982:Informal 2862:Academic 2719:Haringey 2541:National 2475:Category 1857:Ephemera 1788:Archived 1215:(1812). 1033:See also 933:Tiberius 816:A.xviii 803:Ælfric's 795:Faustina 772:Domitian 764:Modwenna 720:Claudius 703:Caligula 683:Augustus 375:Citation 273:Citation 192:John Pym 83:polymath 3003:Private 2759:Lambeth 2693:Croydon 2613:Council 2485:Commons 2437:Friends 1735:Library 1566:2 March 1096:2 March 1017:Beowulf 976:D.xxvi 940:A.xiii 805:Grammar 787:futhorc 709:Huchoun 696:of 1215 687:ii.106 645:Beowulf 519:Beowulf 148:Origins 143:History 114:Beowulf 2793:Merton 2683:Camden 2631:Barnet 2457:Sounds 1721:  1702:  1677:555778 1675:  1636:389304 1634:  1624:  1418:  1387:  1316:  1023:Judith 962:Bede, 885:A.xii 843:E.vii 825:Julius 626:, and 445:6 Ann. 380:6 Ann. 280:. c. 7 202:, and 123:, and 103:, and 39:Cotton 2641:Brent 2420:Other 2390:Sound 1848:Named 1673:JSTOR 1010:A.xv 972:Titus 960:C.ii 870:D.iv 859:Pearl 829:A.vi 812:Galba 760:A.ii 737:, an 731:D.ii 724:B.vi 502:, by 389:Dates 382:c. 30 285:Dates 2050:Maps 1778:2018 1719:ISBN 1700:ISBN 1632:OCLC 1622:ISBN 1568:2016 1543:2017 1517:2017 1492:2017 1466:2023 1416:ISBN 1385:ISBN 1314:ISBN 1274:2023 1249:2023 1199:2023 1173:2023 1148:2023 1123:2023 1098:2016 989:A.i 954:B.v 921:C.v 894:B.x 881:Otho 856:A.x 852:Nero 837:A.x 799:A.x 624:Otho 620:Nero 592:and 483:The 53:Sir 49:and 37:The 25:The 1665:doi 1653:". 1223:375 789:row 179:. 71:Wem 41:or 3140:: 3041:, 2899:, 2895:, 2837:, 2813:, 2809:, 2785:, 2781:, 2777:, 2773:, 2769:, 2765:, 2711:, 2707:, 2703:, 2699:, 2665:, 2661:, 2647:, 1764:. 1671:. 1661:66 1659:. 1630:. 1601:. 1597:. 1585:^ 1559:. 1534:. 1508:. 1483:. 1399:^ 1337:. 1265:. 1240:. 1190:. 1164:. 1139:. 1114:. 1084:. 1063:^ 1020:, 862:, 782:F) 692:: 622:, 618:, 614:, 610:, 576:. 548:, 538:, 455:, 206:. 198:, 194:, 190:, 129:. 117:, 99:, 3045:) 3037:( 3016:) 3012:( 2923:) 2919:( 2913:) 2909:( 2903:) 2891:( 2885:) 2881:( 2875:) 2871:( 2841:) 2833:( 2827:) 2823:( 2817:) 2805:( 2799:) 2795:( 2789:) 2761:( 2755:) 2751:( 2745:) 2735:) 2731:( 2725:) 2721:( 2715:) 2695:( 2689:) 2685:( 2679:) 2675:( 2651:) 2643:( 2637:) 2633:( 2627:) 2623:( 2604:) 2600:( 2589:) 2585:( 2519:e 2512:t 2505:v 1833:e 1826:t 1819:v 1780:. 1727:. 1708:. 1679:. 1667:: 1638:. 1603:6 1570:. 1545:. 1519:. 1494:. 1468:. 1424:. 1393:. 1368:. 1322:. 1276:. 1251:. 1225:. 1201:. 1175:. 1150:. 1125:. 1100:. 1026:) 1014:( 912:) 711:) 33:.

Index


Lindisfarne Gospels
British Library
antiquarian
bibliophile
Robert Bruce Cotton
British Museum
British Library
Shropshire
Wem
Alkington
Geneva Bible
polymath
Sir Rowland Hill
Dissolution of the Monasteries
Francis Bacon
Walter Raleigh
James Ussher
Richard James
Beowulf
The Battle of Maldon
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
The Battle of Maldon
Shropshire
Alkington
Sir Rowland Hill
Geneva Bible
Battle of Wem
Soulton Hall
Houses of Parliament

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.