439:
of great Use and
Service for the Knowledge and Preservation of our Constitution both in Church and State which Manuscripts and other Writings were procured as well from Parts beyond the Seas as from severall Private Collectors of such Antiquities within this Realm are generally esteemed the best Collection of its Kind now any where extant And whereas the said Library has been preserved with the utmost Care and Diligence by the late Sir Thomas Cotton Son of the said Sir Robert and by Sir John Cotton of Westminster now living Grandson of the said Sir Robert and has been very much augmented and enlarged by them and lodged in a very proper Place in the said Sir Johns ancient Mansion House at Westminster which is very convenient for that Purpose And whereas the said Sir John Cotton in pursuance of the Desire and Intentions of his said Father and Grandfather is content and willing that the said Mansion House and Library should continue in his Family and Name and not be sold or otherwise disposed or imbezled and that the said Library should be kept and preserved by the Name of the Cottonian Library for Publick Use & Advantage....
352:
250:
480:
22:
2471:
2481:
95:, many priceless and ancient manuscripts that had belonged to the monastic libraries began to be disseminated among various owners, many of whom were unaware of the cultural value of the manuscripts. Cotton's skill lay in finding, purchasing and preserving these ancient documents. The leading scholars of the era, including
209:
Such important evidence was highly valuable at a time when the politics of the realm were historically disputed between king and
Parliament. Sir Robert knew his library was of vital public interest and, although he made it freely available to consult, it made him an object of hostility on the part of
438:
Sir Robert Cotton late of
Connington in the County of Huntingdon Baronett did at his own great Charge and Expense and by the Assistance of the most learned Antiquaries of his Time collect and purchase the most useful Manuscripts Written Books Papers Parchments and other Memorialls in most Languages
655:
According to scholar, Colin Tite, the system according to the busts was probably not in full effect until 1638; however there are notes that suggest that Sir Robert planned to arrange the library in this system before his death in 1631, but was probably, as Tite hypothesises, interrupted during the
1295:
Strype thus mentions Cotton House: "In the passage out of
Westminster Hall into Old Palace Yard, a little beyond the stairs going up to St. Stephen's Chapel, now the Parliament House" (that is, the present House of Commons), "is the house belonging to the ancient and noble family of the Cottons,
556:
within the resources of his time. The published report of this work is of major importance in bibliography. Copies of some of the lost works had been made, and many of those damaged could be restored in the nineteenth century. However, these early conservation efforts were not always successful:
596:
were acquired and added, so that these three became the museum's three "foundation collections". The Royal manuscripts were donated by George II in 1757. In 1973 all these collections passed to the newly established
British Library. The British Library continues to organise its Cottonian books
1734:
A Catalogue of the
Manuscripts in the Cottonian Library. To Which Are Added Many Emendations and Additions. With an Appendix Containing an Account of the Damage Sustained by the Fire in 1731, and Also a Catalogue of the Charters Preserved in the Same
605:
Sir Robert Cotton had organised his library according to the case, shelf and position of a book within a room twenty-six feet long and six feet wide. Each bookcase in his library was surmounted by a bust of a historical personage, including
569:(Digital Research Laboratory for Medieval Manuscript Fragments), an international collaboration of libraries and research institutions to catalogue and collate vulnerable manuscript fragments, making them available for research under a
214:) and the library was closed on this pretext. Cotton was released on 15 November and the prosecution abandoned the following May, but the library remained shut up until after Sir Robert's death; it was restored to his son and heir,
221:
Sir Robert's library included his collection of books, manuscripts, coins and medallions. After his death the collection was maintained and added to by his son, Sir Thomas Cotton (d. 1662), and grandson, Sir John Cotton (d. 1702).
630:. In total, he had fourteen busts, and his scheme involved a designation of bust name/shelf letter/volume number from left end. Thus, the two most famous of the manuscripts from the Cotton library are "Cotton Vitellius A.xv" and "
132:
In 1731 the collection was badly damaged by a fire in which 13 manuscripts were completely destroyed, and some 200 seriously damaged. The most important Anglo-Saxon manuscripts had already been copied; the original text of
491:
On 23 October 1731, fire broke out in
Ashburnham House, in which 13 manuscripts were lost, while over 200 others faced severe destruction and water damage. Bentley escaped while clutching the priceless
2335:
171:; and by the seventeenth century Sir Robert Cotton came to hold, and subsequently bound, over a hundred volumes of official papers. There is a theory that the curious incident of the 1643
152:
At the time of the
Dissolution of the Monasteries, official state records and important papers were poorly kept, and often retained privately, neglected or destroyed by public officers.
3153:
1296:
wherein is kept a most inestimable library of manuscript volumes found both at home and abroad." Sir
Christopher Wren describes the house in his time as in "a very ruinous condition."
267:
An Act for the better
Settling and Preserving the Library kept in the House at Westminster, called Cotton-house, in the Name and Family of the Cottons, for the Benefit of the Publick.
1335:"An Act for the better settling and preserving the Library kept in the House at Westminster called Cotton House in the Name and Family of the Cottons for the Benefit of the Publick"
2185:
426:
upon his death in 1702. At this time, Great Britain did not have a national library, and the transfer of the Cotton library to the nation became the basis of what is now the
2295:
2285:
2972:
1162:"COTTON, Rowland (1581-1634), of Crooked Lane, London; later of Alkington Hall, Whitchurch and Bellaport Hall, Norton-in-Hales, Salop | History of Parliament Online"
1112:"COTTON, Rowland (1581-1634), of Crooked Lane, London; later of Alkington Hall, Whitchurch and Bellaport Hall, Norton-in-Hales, Salop | History of Parliament Online"
1453:
1949:
2140:
1803:"Cotton Manuscripts Project: This project assisted the British Library in updating the catalogues of the manuscript library of Sir Robert Cotton (1586-1631)"
210:
the government. On 3 November 1629 he was arrested for disseminating a pamphlet held to be seditious (it had actually been written fifteen years earlier by
186:
and was a valuable resource and meeting-place not only for antiquarians and scholars but also for politicians and jurists of various persuasions, including
1081:
2225:
2892:
549:
2290:
565:
led by Christina Duffy to scan and upload images of previously illegible early English manuscripts damaged in the fire. Images will form part of
2250:
1005:
984:
755:
932:
794:
771:
719:
702:
682:
3158:
2947:
2517:
215:
54:
3104:
1924:
824:
2035:
971:
811:
746:
1480:
880:
851:
2872:
1531:
2360:
2175:
1995:
1934:
2431:
2355:
1831:
1048:
676:
557:
bungled attempts to clean the Magna Carta exemplification rendered it largely illegible to the naked eye. More recently, advances in
553:
1761:
467:(now "Royal" manuscripts at the British Library). Ashburnham House also became the residence of the keeper of the king's libraries,
2748:
1969:
203:
2620:
2592:
2082:
2020:
374:
272:
909:
1161:
1111:
663:, the librarian of Sir John Cotton, Sir Robert Cotton's grandson. The library's official catalogue was published in 1802 by
111:
acted as his librarian. The library is of special importance for having preserved the only copy of several works, including
2962:
2952:
2220:
57:
MP (1571–1631). The collection of books and materials Sir Robert held was one of the three "foundation collections" of the
2426:
447:
c. 30), under which the trustees removed the collections from the ruinous Cotton House, whose site is now covered by the
3143:
2195:
2015:
1919:
1703:
1457:
1419:
1388:
1317:
499:
1974:
2510:
2365:
2200:
1796:
1625:
1343:(Rot. Parl. 12 § 13 Gul. III. p. 1. n. 7). Vol. 7: 1695–1701. Great Britain Record Commission. pp. 642–643.
1556:
3034:
2586:
2484:
1909:
3148:
2820:
2401:
2130:
2072:
864:
125:
1237:
1187:
1089:
552:, as one of the statutory trustees of the library, directed and personally supervised a remarkable programme of
2742:
2648:
2572:
2436:
2350:
2345:
1722:
430:. The early history of the collection is laid out in the introductory recitals to the British Museum Act 1700 (
92:
2993:
2906:
2676:
2406:
2396:
2210:
1824:
1655:
310:
1787:
2830:
2766:
2728:
2666:
2503:
2446:
2115:
29:
are one example of the valuable and prestigious works collected by Sir Robert Cotton. They are now in the
2802:
2738:
2451:
1914:
1883:
648:) and "Go to the bust of Nero, top shelf, tenth book" for the manuscript containing all the works of the
2888:
2752:
2718:
2696:
2597:
1964:
3075:
2834:
2758:
2692:
2180:
1878:
1744:
664:
1365:
3038:
3019:
2878:
2792:
2682:
2630:
2474:
1873:
1817:
211:
1222:
324:
3163:
2910:
2700:
2640:
2567:
2145:
2040:
1288:
443:
The acquisition of the collection was better secured and managed by the British Museum Act 1706 (
108:
1732:
1136:
3042:
2920:
2582:
2577:
2456:
2380:
942:
738:
660:
199:
1262:
2957:
2786:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2686:
2634:
2165:
2100:
2025:
1939:
778:
573:
364:
356:
262:
254:
160:
74:
1334:
2916:
2810:
2722:
2624:
2601:
2275:
2095:
1353:
887:
831:
512:
479:
452:
448:
183:
135:
119:
802:
8:
3065:
3024:
2937:
2732:
2672:
2644:
2557:
2325:
2245:
2205:
2170:
2160:
2125:
2056:
2010:
1990:
1863:
1769:
1043:
923:
872:
733:
26:
1216:
61:
in 1753. It is now one of the major collections of the Department of Manuscripts of the
2896:
2340:
2320:
2310:
2255:
2235:
2230:
2120:
2110:
2005:
1929:
1868:
1746:
A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Cottonian Library Deposited in the British Museum
1672:
1338:
659:
In 1696, the first printed catalogue of the Cotton library's holdings was published by
507:
494:
431:
277:
3080:
3009:
2782:
2662:
2370:
2280:
2270:
2190:
2150:
2090:
2030:
1944:
1802:
1718:
1699:
1631:
1621:
1594:
1415:
1384:
1354:
An Act for the better securing Her Majesties Purchase of Cotton House in Westminster.
1313:
991:
786:
652:. The manuscripts are still catalogued by these call numbers in the British Library.
593:
589:
526:, the illustrations of which nevertheless remain an important record of Late Antique
464:
404:
369:
An Act for the better securing her Majesty's Purchase of Cotton House in Westminster.
175:
was the output of concerns of both sides to secure the Library of Old Sir Rowland at
164:
85:
463:, a little west of the Palace of Westminster. From 1707 the library also housed the
2967:
2942:
2900:
2868:
2774:
2658:
2562:
2495:
2441:
2330:
2315:
2265:
2260:
2135:
1664:
693:
631:
570:
531:
460:
667:, which remained the standard guide to the library's contents until modern times.
3090:
2882:
2814:
2806:
2796:
2770:
2762:
2612:
2547:
2375:
2305:
2215:
2155:
1840:
1791:
1436:
1038:
607:
562:
468:
427:
62:
30:
1668:
1580:
Murray, Stuart. 2009. The library: an illustrated history. Chicago, ALA Editions
3085:
3029:
3013:
2838:
2654:
2552:
2300:
2240:
1954:
1899:
725:
585:
523:
484:
456:
100:
58:
21:
3137:
3119:
3106:
2778:
1022:
961:
615:
566:
558:
545:
503:
423:
96:
1293:. Vol. 3. London: Cassel, Petter & Galpin. 1878. pp. 491–502.
2988:
2105:
1959:
1434:
1407:
1011:
858:
639:
394:
290:
176:
168:
104:
78:
50:
1635:
163:, and they were connected to the polymath and sixteenth century statesman
689:
588:, under the Act of Parliament which established it. At the same time the
535:
527:
195:
187:
46:
2824:
1212:
902:
649:
638:, top shelf (A), and count fifteen over" for the volume containing the
156:
66:
1676:
422:
Sir Robert's grandson, Sir John Cotton, donated the Cotton library to
635:
627:
611:
498:
under one arm, a scene witnessed and later described in a letter to
1438:
A Report from the Committee Appointed to View the Cottonian Library
908:
B.xi.2 fragment of a copy of the Parker Chronicle (ASC G or A, the
763:
191:
172:
82:
1809:
434:. c. 7) that established statutory trusts for the Cotton library:
1016:
708:
644:
518:
113:
1784:
1505:
1506:"Digital Research Laboratory for Medieval Manuscript Fragments"
444:
379:
305:
45:
is a collection of manuscripts that came into the hands of the
1616:
Downer, L. J. (1972). "Introduction". In Downer, L. J. (ed.).
182:
By 1622, his house and library stood immediately north of the
522:
was heavily damaged. Also severely damaged was the Byzantine
785:
A.ix fragment of the Bilingual Canterbury Epitome (ASC H),
623:
619:
459:, which, however, was regarded as a fire risk; and then to
3154:
Former buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
2973:
Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide
1481:"Revealing hidden information using multispectral imaging"
471:(1662–1742), a renowned theologian and classical scholar.
542:, was shrivelled in the fire, and its seal badly melted.
70:
656:
implementation by the closure of the library in 1629.
634:". In Cotton's own day, that meant "Under the bust of
584:
In 1753 the Cotton library was transferred to the new
1414:. London: The British Library. pp. 66, 216–219.
16:
Collection of manuscripts held by the British Library
2525:
1435:
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1732).
1218:
The Lives of John Selden, Esq., and Archbishop Usher
741:
of a 12th-century legal treatise, copied around 1310
561:
photography have enabled imaging specialists at the
1532:"Fragmentarium and the burnt Anglo-Saxon fragments"
1698:. Panizzi Lectures 1993. London: British Library.
750:(missing introduction and parts of the conclusion)
2893:British Library of Political and Economic Science
3135:
1454:"Revealing the secrets of the burnt Magna Carta"
1595:"The Early Catalogues of the Cottonian Library"
707:A.ii "A Pistil of Susan" (frag.) (probably by
487:was badly damaged in the Ashburnam House fire.
2948:Francis Skaryna Belarusian Library and Museum
2511:
1825:
1406:
1263:"Radio Shropshire - Listen Live - BBC Sounds"
1235:
1185:
579:
1975:Todd-Bowden Collection of Tauchnitz Editions
1785:British Library Digitized Manuscripts Online
1651:De Iniusta Vexacione Willelmi Episcopi Primi
1366:"Their Present Miserable State of Cremation"
747:De Iniusta Vexacione Willelmi Episcopi Primi
1696:The Manuscript Library of Sir Robert Cotton
1428:
2518:
2504:
2361:Turner Collection of Railway Letter Stamps
1832:
1818:
1287:"LVIII: The Royal Palace of Westminster".
1137:"The (Almost) Complete Cotton Family Tree"
2356:Turner Collection of Newspaper Tax Stamps
1588:
1586:
1307:
1049:List of manuscripts in the Cotton library
677:List of manuscripts in the Cotton library
1805:. University of Sheffield. 11 July 1997.
478:
474:
20:
1620:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 48.
1332:
670:
530:. One of the collection's two original
3136:
1742:
1712:
1648:
1615:
1583:
1378:
1312:. Washington: Folger. pp. 268ff.
1221:. London: Mathews and Leigh. pp.
801:Additional Glosses to the Glossary in
776:A.viii: Bilingual Canterbury Epitome (
2499:
2291:Postal Authority Publicity Collection
1813:
1536:British Library: Medieval Manuscripts
1402:
1400:
1211:
325:Text of statute as originally enacted
225:
3159:Libraries in the City of Westminster
2963:Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum
2480:
2221:Imperial War Museum stamp collection
1693:
1649:Offler, H. S. (1951). "The Tractate
1592:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
155:The Cotton family were prominent in
107:, came to use Sir Robert's library.
1839:
1529:
1381:The Library: An Illustrated History
13:
2196:H.M. Customs and Excise Collection
1397:
14:
3175:
2201:H.M. Stationery Office Collection
1768:. British Library. Archived from
1754:
1713:Wright, Christopher, ed. (1997).
1557:"Manuscripts: Closed Collections"
1478:
1456:. British Library. Archived from
1451:
1412:Magna Carta: Law, Liberty, Legacy
1410:; Harrison, Julian, eds. (2015).
1308:Berkowitz, David Sandler (1988).
1166:www.historyofparliamentonline.org
1116:www.historyofparliamentonline.org
1061:
948:B.i Abingdon Chronicle II (ASC C)
937:A.vi Abingdon Chronicle I (ASC B)
600:
2587:Dana Research Centre and Library
2526:Libraries and archives in London
2479:
2470:
2469:
1485:British Library: Collection Care
951:B.iv Worcester Chronicle (ASC D)
350:
248:
2402:Oral History of British Science
2226:Inland Revenue Stamping Archive
2176:Foreign and Commonwealth Office
2131:Contributions Agency Collection
1642:
1609:
1574:
1549:
1523:
1498:
1472:
1445:
1372:
1358:
1347:
1326:
1301:
865:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
597:according to the famous busts.
550:Speaker of the House of Commons
126:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
2743:Islington Local History Centre
2649:The Library at Willesden Green
2351:Turner Collection of Forgeries
2346:Treasury Excise Correspondence
2211:Harrison & Sons Collection
1715:Sir Robert Cotton as Collector
1280:
1255:
1229:
1205:
1179:
1154:
1129:
1104:
93:Dissolution of the Monasteries
1:
2994:London Action Resource Centre
2907:University of the Arts London
2677:Westminster Reference Library
2397:British Library Sound Archive
1797:British Library Images Online
1687:
1656:The English Historical Review
1379:Murray, Stuart A. P. (2009).
1310:John Selden's Formative Years
1236:nortoninhales (2 June 2017).
1186:nortoninhales (2 June 2017).
1054:
311:Statute Law Revision Act 1948
2667:London Metropolitan Archives
2296:R.P.S.L. Handouts Collection
2251:Landmark Trust Lundy Archive
2116:Campbell-Johnston Collection
1950:Leyden Medical Dissertations
910:copy of Winchester Chronicle
7:
2953:Library for Iranian Studies
1884:National Reports Collection
1717:. London: British Library.
1599:The British Library Journal
1333:Raithby, John, ed. (1820).
1032:
714:A.xv Easter Table Chronicle
516:was destroyed, and that of
69:family who originated near
10:
3180:
2889:London School of Economics
2753:Kensington Central Library
2598:Victoria and Albert Museum
1996:Coptic Language Collection
1965:Suppressed Safe collection
1694:Tite, Colin G. C. (1994).
1593:Tite, Colin G. C. (1980).
1238:"History of Norton Parish"
1188:"History of Norton Parish"
674:
580:British Museum and Library
332:United Kingdom legislation
230:United Kingdom legislation
147:
142:
3144:Middle English literature
3076:Grosvenor Gallery Library
3056:
3002:
2981:
2930:
2861:
2852:
2835:Battersea Central Library
2657:(Artizan Street Library,
2611:
2540:
2531:
2465:
2419:
2389:
2181:Foreign Office Collection
2081:
2065:
2049:
1983:
1892:
1856:
1847:
1669:10.1093/ehr/LXVI.CCLX.321
413:
403:
393:
388:
373:
363:
349:
344:
337:
323:
316:
304:
299:
289:
284:
271:
261:
247:
242:
235:
88:in the mid 16th century.
81:publisher, statesman and
3039:House of Commons Library
2336:Supplementary Collection
1874:Francis Place Collection
845:Ælfric's Lives of Saints
384:(Ruffhead: 5 Ann. c. 30)
2911:Stanley Kubrick Archive
2701:Croydon Central Library
2568:National Poetry Library
2146:Crown Agents Collection
2041:Stefan Zweig Collection
1790:10 October 2023 at the
1743:Planta, Joseph (1802).
1738:. London: Hooper. 1777.
917:De creatore et creatura
839:Old English Martyrology
540:Cotton Charter XIII.31A
339:British Museum Act 1706
237:British Museum Act 1700
139:was completely burned.
3149:Old English literature
3043:House of Lords Library
3014:Lambeth Palace Library
2921:Senate House Libraries
2749:Kensington and Chelsea
2578:Parliamentary Archives
2573:Natural History Museum
2407:St Mary-le-Bow Debates
2381:Wilson-Todd Collection
964:Ecclesiastical History
739:illuminated manuscript
500:Charlotte, Lady Sundon
488:
441:
34:
3020:Dr Williams's Library
2958:Marx Memorial Library
2879:King's College London
2787:Upper Norwood Library
2713:Upper Norwood Library
2709:South Norwood Library
2705:New Addington Library
2687:Swiss Cottage Library
2635:East Finchley Library
2593:The National Archives
2286:Photograph Collection
2166:Fitzgerald Collection
2101:Bojanowicz Collection
2026:Lansdowne manuscripts
1940:Harold Pinter Archive
1383:. Chicago: Skyhouse.
1340:Statutes of the Realm
779:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
574:public domain license
482:
475:Ashburnham House fire
436:
357:Parliament of England
255:Parliament of England
24:
3120:51.52944°N 0.12694°W
2917:University of London
2811:John Harvard Library
2723:Muswell Hill Library
2669:, Shoe Lane Library)
2625:Valence House Museum
2621:Barking and Dagenham
2602:National Art Library
2276:Muraleetharan Papers
2141:Crown Agents Archive
2096:Blackburn Collection
1762:"Cotton manuscripts"
1092:on 12 September 2016
1082:"Cotton Manuscripts"
999:De duodecim abusivis
978:Ælfwine's Prayerbook
956:Labour of the Months
901:B.x.165 Anglo-Saxon
888:The Battle of Maldon
832:Julius Work Calendar
671:Selected manuscripts
513:The Battle of Maldon
510:. The manuscript of
449:Houses of Parliament
184:Houses of Parliament
159:, and their seat at
136:The Battle of Maldon
120:The Battle of Maldon
77:and employed by the
3116: /
3066:British War Library
3025:Evangelical Library
2938:Bishopsgate Library
2873:Abdus Salam Library
2741:(Finsbury Library,
2673:City of Westminster
2645:Kensal Rise Library
2558:Imperial War Museum
2447:Preservation Office
2326:Sherborn Collection
2246:Langmead Collection
2206:Harrison Collection
2171:Fletcher Collection
2161:Feldheim Collection
2126:Chinchen Collection
2057:Beudeker Collection
2011:Harleian Collection
1991:Arundel Manuscripts
1970:Thomason Collection
1864:Ettridge Collection
1618:Leges Henrici Primi
1441:. House of Commons.
1044:Harleian Collection
943:Hemming's Cartulary
924:Otho-Corpus Gospels
905:(destroyed in 1731)
891:(destroyed in 1731)
873:Lindisfarne Gospels
734:Leges Henrici Primi
451:. It went first to
432:13 & 14 Will. 3
278:13 & 14 Will. 3
65:. Cotton was of a
55:Robert Bruce Cotton
27:Lindisfarne Gospels
3125:51.52944; -0.12694
2341:Tapling Collection
2321:Shelley Collection
2311:Seymour Collection
2256:McInroy Collection
2236:Kaluski Collection
2231:Johnson Collection
2186:General Collection
2121:Chismon Collection
2111:Burnett Collection
2021:King's manuscripts
2006:Egerton Collection
1930:Garrick Collection
1915:Durrell Collection
1879:Jaffray Collection
1869:Evanion Collection
1749:. London: Hansard.
1479:Duffy, Christina.
1452:Duffy, Christina.
1290:Old and New London
508:Westminster School
495:Codex Alexandrinus
489:
226:Gift to the nation
167:who published the
73:and were based in
35:
3099:
3098:
3081:Limehouse Library
3052:
3051:
3010:Church of England
2848:
2847:
2783:Streatham Library
2697:Ashburton Library
2663:Guildhall Library
2493:
2492:
2415:
2414:
2371:Walker Collection
2366:U.P.U. Collection
2281:Murray Collection
2271:Mosely Collection
2191:Ginger Collection
2151:Davies Collection
2091:Bailey Collection
2073:Burney Collection
2036:Syriac Collection
2031:Stowe manuscripts
2016:Royal manuscripts
2001:Cotton Collection
1935:Hannas Collection
1920:Eccles Collection
1910:Dexter Collection
1766:Collection Guides
1530:Dunning, Andrew.
992:Vespasian Psalter
818:Athelstan Psalter
594:Harley Collection
590:Sloane Collection
465:Old Royal Library
420:
419:
345:Act of Parliament
330:
329:
300:Other legislation
243:Act of Parliament
216:Sir Thomas Cotton
212:Sir Robert Dudley
43:Cottonian library
3171:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3057:Former libraries
2968:Wellcome Library
2943:Feminist Library
2869:Imperial College
2859:
2858:
2775:Lambeth Archives
2767:Carnegie Library
2659:Barbican Library
2563:National Gallery
2538:
2537:
2532:Public libraries
2520:
2513:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2483:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2442:Panizzi Lectures
2331:Smith Collection
2316:Scott Collection
2266:Monks Collection
2261:Model Collection
2136:Crawford Library
1854:
1853:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1750:
1739:
1728:
1709:
1681:
1680:
1663:(260): 321–341.
1646:
1640:
1639:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1590:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1141:Combermere Abbey
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1088:. Archived from
1078:
571:Creative Commons
532:exemplifications
506:, headmaster of
461:Ashburnham House
415:Status: Repealed
354:
353:
340:
335:
334:
318:Status: Repealed
252:
251:
238:
233:
232:
204:Thomas Wentworth
165:Sir Rowland Hill
86:Sir Rowland Hill
3179:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3134:
3133:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3095:
3091:Woodlands House
3058:
3048:
2998:
2977:
2926:
2897:Women's Library
2883:Maughan Library
2854:
2853:Other libraries
2844:
2815:Peckham Library
2807:Dulwich Library
2797:Mitcham Library
2771:Durning Library
2763:Brixton Library
2607:
2548:British Library
2533:
2527:
2524:
2494:
2489:
2461:
2411:
2385:
2376:Williams Papers
2306:Ryan Collection
2216:Heys Collection
2156:Ewen Collection
2077:
2061:
2045:
1979:
1925:Ediciones Vigía
1888:
1849:
1843:
1841:British Library
1838:
1801:
1792:Wayback Machine
1775:
1773:
1760:
1757:
1731:
1725:
1706:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1647:
1643:
1628:
1614:
1610:
1591:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1561:British Library
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1460:on 18 June 2016
1450:
1446:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1348:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1306:
1302:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1234:
1230:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1086:British Library
1080:
1079:
1062:
1057:
1039:British Library
1035:
997:D.xiv Ælfric's
744:D.iv fos 48–54
694:Exemplification
679:
673:
632:Cotton Nero A.x
608:Augustus Caesar
603:
582:
563:British Library
477:
469:Richard Bentley
428:British Library
416:
409:3 December 1706
383:
359:
351:
338:
333:
319:
257:
249:
236:
231:
228:
188:Sir Edward Coke
150:
145:
63:British Library
31:British Library
17:
12:
11:
5:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3164:Cotton Library
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3086:Thomas Hookham
3083:
3078:
3073:
3071:Cotton library
3068:
3062:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3032:
3030:London Library
3027:
3022:
3017:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2914:
2904:
2886:
2876:
2865:
2863:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2839:Putney Library
2828:
2818:
2800:
2790:
2756:
2746:
2736:
2726:
2716:
2690:
2680:
2670:
2655:City of London
2652:
2638:
2628:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2590:
2583:Science Museum
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2553:British Museum
2550:
2544:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2477:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2301:Row Collection
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2241:Kay Collection
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1955:Paston Letters
1952:
1947:
1945:King's Library
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1905:Cotton Library
1902:
1900:Ashley Library
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1782:
1756:
1755:External links
1753:
1752:
1751:
1740:
1729:
1723:
1710:
1705:978-0712303590
1704:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1641:
1626:
1608:
1582:
1573:
1548:
1522:
1497:
1471:
1444:
1427:
1421:978-0712357647
1420:
1396:
1390:978-1616084530
1389:
1371:
1357:
1346:
1325:
1319:978-0918016911
1318:
1300:
1279:
1254:
1228:
1204:
1178:
1153:
1128:
1103:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1003:
1002:
1001:
995:
982:
981:
980:
969:
968:
967:
958:
952:
949:
946:
938:
930:
929:
928:
919:
913:
906:
899:
892:
878:
877:
876:
868:
849:
848:
847:
841:
835:
822:
821:
820:
809:
808:
807:
792:
791:
790:
783:
769:
768:
767:
753:
752:
751:
742:
729:
726:Cotton Genesis
717:
716:
715:
712:
700:
699:
698:
675:Main article:
672:
669:
602:
601:Classification
599:
586:British Museum
581:
578:
524:Cotton Genesis
485:Cotton Genesis
476:
473:
418:
417:
414:
411:
410:
407:
401:
400:
397:
391:
390:
386:
385:
377:
371:
370:
367:
361:
360:
355:
347:
346:
342:
341:
331:
328:
327:
321:
320:
317:
314:
313:
308:
302:
301:
297:
296:
293:
287:
286:
282:
281:
275:
269:
268:
265:
259:
258:
253:
245:
244:
240:
239:
229:
227:
224:
200:Sir John Eliot
149:
146:
144:
141:
101:Walter Raleigh
59:British Museum
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3176:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3132:
3129:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3035:UK Parliament
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2851:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2821:Tower Hamlets
2819:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2779:Minet Library
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2486:
2478:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1772:on 6 May 2021
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1627:9780198253013
1623:
1619:
1612:
1605:(2): 144–157.
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1577:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1511:
1510:Fragmentarium
1507:
1501:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:Breay, Claire
1403:
1401:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1268:
1267:www.bbc.co.uk
1264:
1258:
1243:
1242:nortoninhales
1239:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1193:
1192:nortoninhales
1189:
1182:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
988:
987:
986:
983:
979:
975:
974:
973:
970:
966:
965:
959:
957:
953:
950:
947:
945:
944:
939:
936:
935:
934:
931:
927:(fragmentary)
926:
925:
920:
918:
915:C.i Ælfric's
914:
911:
907:
904:
900:
898:(fragmentary)
897:
896:Mary of Egypt
893:
890:
889:
884:
883:
882:
879:
875:
874:
869:
867:
866:
861:
860:
855:
854:
853:
850:
846:
842:
840:
836:
834:
833:
828:
827:
826:
823:
819:
815:
814:
813:
810:
806:
804:
798:
797:
796:
793:
788:
784:
781:
780:
775:
774:
773:
770:
766:
765:
759:
758:
757:
754:
749:
748:
743:
740:
736:
735:
730:
728:(fragmentary)
727:
723:
722:
721:
718:
713:
710:
706:
705:
704:
701:
697:
695:
691:
686:
685:
684:
681:
680:
678:
668:
666:
665:Joseph Planta
662:
657:
653:
651:
647:
646:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:Julius Caesar
613:
609:
598:
595:
591:
587:
577:
575:
572:
568:
567:Fragmentarium
564:
560:
559:multispectral
555:
551:
547:
546:Arthur Onslow
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
520:
515:
514:
509:
505:
504:Robert Freind
501:
497:
496:
486:
481:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
424:Great Britain
412:
408:
406:
402:
398:
396:
392:
387:
381:
378:
376:
372:
368:
366:
362:
358:
348:
343:
336:
326:
322:
315:
312:
309:
307:
303:
298:
294:
292:
288:
283:
279:
276:
274:
270:
266:
264:
260:
256:
246:
241:
234:
223:
219:
217:
213:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
173:Battle of Wem
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
140:
138:
137:
130:
128:
127:
122:
121:
116:
115:
110:
109:Richard James
106:
102:
98:
97:Francis Bacon
94:
89:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
28:
23:
19:
3101:
3070:
3059:and archives
2989:56a Infoshop
2901:Shaw Library
2855:and archives
2534:and archives
2452:Reading Room
2427:Bookbindings
2106:Booth Papers
2000:
1960:Private Case
1904:
1774:. Retrieved
1770:the original
1765:
1745:
1733:
1714:
1695:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1617:
1611:
1602:
1598:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1560:
1551:
1541:18 September
1539:. Retrieved
1535:
1525:
1515:18 September
1513:. Retrieved
1509:
1500:
1490:18 September
1488:. Retrieved
1484:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1458:the original
1447:
1437:
1430:
1411:
1380:
1374:
1360:
1349:
1339:
1328:
1309:
1303:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1266:
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1241:
1231:
1217:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1191:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1165:
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1115:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1090:the original
1085:
1021:
1015:
1012:Nowell Codex
998:
990:
977:
963:
955:
941:
922:
916:
895:
886:
871:
863:
857:
844:
838:
830:
817:
800:
777:
761:
745:
732:
688:
661:Thomas Smith
658:
654:
643:
640:Nowell Codex
604:
583:
544:
539:
534:of the 1215
517:
511:
493:
490:
442:
437:
421:
405:Commencement
399:8 April 1707
395:Royal assent
295:12 June 1701
291:Royal assent
220:
208:
181:
177:Soulton Hall
169:Geneva Bible
154:
151:
134:
131:
124:
118:
112:
105:James Ussher
90:
79:Geneva Bible
42:
38:
36:
18:
3123: /
1984:Manuscripts
1850:collections
1776:11 December
1272:16 December
1247:20 November
1213:Aikin, John
1171:21 November
1146:21 November
1121:21 November
762:Life of St
690:Magna Carta
642:(including
554:restoration
536:Magna Carta
528:iconography
453:Essex House
306:Repealed by
218:, in 1633.
196:John Selden
51:bibliophile
47:antiquarian
3138:Categories
3108:51°31′46″N
2931:Charitable
2831:Wandsworth
2825:Idea Store
2733:Manor Farm
2729:Hillingdon
2083:Philatelic
2066:Newspapers
1893:Literature
1724:0712303588
1688:Literature
1464:13 October
1197:1 November
1055:References
650:Pearl Poet
457:The Strand
365:Long title
263:Long title
157:Shropshire
91:After the
67:Shropshire
2803:Southwark
2739:Islington
2432:Employees
1006:Vitellius
985:Vespasian
903:rune poem
756:Cleopatra
636:Vitellius
628:Vespasian
612:Cleopatra
161:Alkington
75:Alkington
3111:0°7′37″W
2982:Informal
2862:Academic
2719:Haringey
2541:National
2475:Category
1857:Ephemera
1788:Archived
1215:(1812).
1033:See also
933:Tiberius
816:A.xviii
803:Ælfric's
795:Faustina
772:Domitian
764:Modwenna
720:Claudius
703:Caligula
683:Augustus
375:Citation
273:Citation
192:John Pym
83:polymath
3003:Private
2759:Lambeth
2693:Croydon
2613:Council
2485:Commons
2437:Friends
1735:Library
1566:2 March
1096:2 March
1017:Beowulf
976:D.xxvi
940:A.xiii
805:Grammar
787:futhorc
709:Huchoun
696:of 1215
687:ii.106
645:Beowulf
519:Beowulf
148:Origins
143:History
114:Beowulf
2793:Merton
2683:Camden
2631:Barnet
2457:Sounds
1721:
1702:
1677:555778
1675:
1636:389304
1634:
1624:
1418:
1387:
1316:
1023:Judith
962:Bede,
885:A.xii
843:E.vii
825:Julius
626:, and
445:6 Ann.
380:6 Ann.
280:. c. 7
202:, and
123:, and
103:, and
39:Cotton
2641:Brent
2420:Other
2390:Sound
1848:Named
1673:JSTOR
1010:A.xv
972:Titus
960:C.ii
870:D.iv
859:Pearl
829:A.vi
812:Galba
760:A.ii
737:, an
731:D.ii
724:B.vi
502:, by
389:Dates
382:c. 30
285:Dates
2050:Maps
1778:2018
1719:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1632:OCLC
1622:ISBN
1568:2016
1543:2017
1517:2017
1492:2017
1466:2023
1416:ISBN
1385:ISBN
1314:ISBN
1274:2023
1249:2023
1199:2023
1173:2023
1148:2023
1123:2023
1098:2016
989:A.i
954:B.v
921:C.v
894:B.x
881:Otho
856:A.x
852:Nero
837:A.x
799:A.x
624:Otho
620:Nero
592:and
483:The
53:Sir
49:and
37:The
25:The
1665:doi
1653:".
1223:375
789:row
179:.
71:Wem
41:or
3140::
3041:,
2899:,
2895:,
2837:,
2813:,
2809:,
2785:,
2781:,
2777:,
2773:,
2769:,
2765:,
2711:,
2707:,
2703:,
2699:,
2665:,
2661:,
2647:,
1764:.
1671:.
1661:66
1659:.
1630:.
1601:.
1597:.
1585:^
1559:.
1534:.
1508:.
1483:.
1399:^
1337:.
1265:.
1240:.
1190:.
1164:.
1139:.
1114:.
1084:.
1063:^
1020:,
862:,
782:F)
692::
622:,
618:,
614:,
610:,
576:.
548:,
538:,
455:,
206:.
198:,
194:,
190:,
129:.
117:,
99:,
3045:)
3037:(
3016:)
3012:(
2923:)
2919:(
2913:)
2909:(
2903:)
2891:(
2885:)
2881:(
2875:)
2871:(
2841:)
2833:(
2827:)
2823:(
2817:)
2805:(
2799:)
2795:(
2789:)
2761:(
2755:)
2751:(
2745:)
2735:)
2731:(
2725:)
2721:(
2715:)
2695:(
2689:)
2685:(
2679:)
2675:(
2651:)
2643:(
2637:)
2633:(
2627:)
2623:(
2604:)
2600:(
2589:)
2585:(
2519:e
2512:t
2505:v
1833:e
1826:t
1819:v
1780:.
1727:.
1708:.
1679:.
1667::
1638:.
1603:6
1570:.
1545:.
1519:.
1494:.
1468:.
1424:.
1393:.
1368:.
1322:.
1276:.
1251:.
1225:.
1201:.
1175:.
1150:.
1125:.
1100:.
1026:)
1014:(
912:)
711:)
33:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.