First Council of Constantinople

772:“Valens, like Constantius, has gone down in history as an ‘Arian’ emperor.” However, “again like Constantius, (he) was a pragmatic ruler prepared to promote Homoians when possible, but not at any great cost to his civil administration.” For example, “his eventual acceptance of Athanasius' position in Alexandria” and his “accepting Basil's (Basil of Caesarea) significant role in the Church of Asia Minor.” “Valens was considerably more hostile towards Heterousian theology. … While we read the fourth century so easily in terms of a battle between Nicenes and their opponents, it is important to remember that differences between non-Nicenes were equally important.” Under Valens, “open and large-scale challenge to the Homoian creed would have been impossible in the east: the creed of 359–60 was maintained as a universal standard.” 1109: 98: 8283: 3449: 1040: 260: 832: 1000:

commentators characterize Maximus as having been proud, arrogant and ambitious. However, it is not clear the extent to which Maximus sought this position due to his own ambition or if he was merely a pawn in the power struggle. In any event, the plot was set into motion when, on a night when Gregory was confined by illness, the conspirators burst into the cathedral and commenced the consecration of Maximus as bishop of Constantinople. They had seated Maximus on the

3429: 4670: 4643: 962:“Basil was never sure in his own mind that Athanasius had abandoned Marcellus of Ancyra and his followers.” “In a letter written to Athanasius he (Basil of Caesarea) complains that the Westerners have never brought any accusation against Marcellus.” “About the year 371 adherents of Marcellus approached Athanasius, presenting to him a statement of faith. … He accepted it and gave them a document expressing his agreement with their doctrine.” 290: 8334: 8322: 8295: 3477: 463: 1074:

would I descend it." He shocked the council with his surprise resignation and then delivered a dramatic speech to Theodosius asking to be released from his offices. The emperor, moved by his words, applauded, commended his labor, and granted his resignation. The council asked him to appear once more for a farewell ritual and celebratory orations. Gregory used this occasion to deliver a final address (Or. 42) and then departed.

3459: 3439: 971:“Basil writes letters to Athanasius asking him to approach Damasus and assist Basil's overtures. None of them was answered and nothing came of them.” Damasus stated “that Basil's letters addressed to the West were returned as unacceptable.” “A confession of faith (was sent) from Damasus which Basil was to sign without altering a single word.” “Basil replied to this demand in a polite but biting letter.” 988:; however, Demophilus refused to abandon his Arian beliefs, and was immediately ordered to give up his churches and leave Constantinople. After forty years under the control of Arian bishops, the churches of Constantinople were now restored to those who subscribed to the Nicene Creed; Arians were also ejected from the churches of other cities in the Eastern Roman Empire thus re-establishing Christian 2698:

status higher than that of the bishops of Alexandria and Antioch, and stated that the primacy of the Roman see had not been established by a gathering of bishops but rather by Christ himself. Thomas Shahan says that, according to Photius too, Pope Damasus approved the council, but he adds that, if any part of the council were approved by this pope, it could have been only its revision of the

738:“The details … of this council indicate the problems with later presentation of the meeting as an ‘ecumenical’ reaffirmation of Nicaea.” “It seems unlikely that this meeting was intended as a universal council to rival Seleucia/Ariminum or Nicaea itself. … Those present at the council initially came from a fairly restricted area and the majority from areas known to be favourable to Meletius.” 36: 3526:, but includes two additional articles: an article on the Holy Spirit—describing Him as "the Lord, the Giver of Life, Who proceeds from the Father, Who with the Father and the Son is worshipped and glorified, and Who spoke through the prophets"—and an article about the church, baptism, and the resurrection of the dead. (For the full text of both creeds, see 766:“When (emperor) Constantius died in 361 his immediate successor was his cousin Julian.” "As Emperor, Julian soon became an active non-Christian, repudiating the Christianity that he had earlier professed. In his attempt to undermine the Church Julian tried to foment dissension between groups in the Church.” But Julian ruled only for two years. 809:

To complicate matters, the two leading factions of Nicene Christianity in the East, the Alexandrians and the supporters of Meletius in Antioch, were "bitterly divided ... almost to the point of complete animosity". Furthermore, Damasus, bishop of Rome, and Basil, bishop of Caesarea and the first of the Cappadocian Fathers, opposed one another:

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replaced by the divine word or logos, and that this logos was steady and immutable. Apollinaris' position raised a number of questions from Christians. Do not the gospels picture Jesus as a complete and genuine human being? If God displaced the reason of human nature and free will, how could He secure the personal salvation of mankind?

613:"The Creed of Nicaea of 325, produced in order to end the controversy, signally failed to do so. Indeed, it ultimately confounded the confusion because its use of the words ousia and hypostasis was so ambiguous as to suggest that the Fathers of Nicaea had fallen into Sabellianism, a view recognized as heresy even at that period." 937:. Eustathius insists there is only one hypostasis.“ "Basil suspected that Paulinus was at heart a Sabellian, believing in only one Person (hypostasis) in the Godhead. Paulinus' association with the remaining followers of Marcellus and his continuing to favour the expression 'one hypostasis' … rendered him suspect.” 3626:

In opposition to this view, Francis Dvornik asserts that not only did Damasus offer "no protest against the elevation of Constantinople", that change in the primacy of the major sees was effected in an "altogether friendly atmosphere." According to Dvornik, "Everyone continued to regard the Bishop of

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However, scholars are not agreed on the connection between the Council of Constantinople and the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed. Some modern scholars believe that this creed, or something close to it, was stated by the bishops at Constantinople, but not promulgated as an official act of the council.

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Damasus' response repudiated Maximus summarily and advised Theodosius to summon a council of bishops for the purpose of settling various church issues such as the schism in Antioch and the consecration of a proper bishop for the see of Constantinople. Damasus condemned the translation of bishops from

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When Theodosius ascended to the imperial throne in 380 in this atmosphere of criticism and inquiry, he began on a campaign to bring the Eastern Church back to Nicene Christianity. Theodosius wanted to further unify the entire empire behind the orthodox position and decided to convene a church council

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David Eastman cites the First Council of Constantinople as another example of the waning influence of Rome over the East. He notes that all three of the presiding bishops came from the East. Damasus had considered both Meletius and Gregory to be illegitimate bishops of their respective sees and yet,

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declared, in its fifth canon, that the Roman Church "by the will of God holds over all others pre-eminence of ordinary power as the mother and mistress of all the faithful". Roman supremacy over the whole world was formally claimed by the new Latin patriarch. The Roman correctores of Gratian, insert

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The third canon was a first step in the rising importance of the new imperial capital, just fifty years old, and was notable in that it demoted the patriarchs of Antioch and Alexandria. Jerusalem, as the site of the first church, retained its place of honor. It originally did not elicit controversy,

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to be invalid, declaring "that neither was nor is a bishop, nor are they who have been ordained by him in any rank of the clergy". This canon was directed not only against Maximus, but also against the Egyptian bishops who had conspired to consecrate him clandestinely at Constantinople, and against

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McGuckin describes Gregory as physically exhausted and worried that he was losing the confidence of the bishops and the emperor. Ayres goes further and asserts that Gregory quickly made himself unpopular among the bishops by supporting the losing candidate for the bishopric of Antioch and vehemently

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The Egyptian and Macedonian bishops who had supported Maximus's ordination arrived late for the council. Once there, they refused to recognise Gregory's position as head of the church of Constantinople, arguing that his transfer from the See of Sasima was canonically illegitimate because one of the

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The second decree forbids “heretics,” meaning people who do not believe as required by the law, “the right to assemble for worship.” Theodosius' strong commitment to Nicene Christianity involved a calculated risk because Constantinople, the imperial capital of the Eastern Empire, was solidly Arian.

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Theodosius was "declared Augustus in January 379 at the age of 32 or 33.” “Just as the victories of Constantius in 350–3 created the conditions for the rise of the Homoians, now the rise to power of a new emperor (Theodosius) enabled the victory of the pro-Nicene cause.” In February 380 – already a

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Rather than press his case and risk further division, Gregory decided to resign his office: "Let me be as the Prophet Jonah! I was responsible for the storm, but I would sacrifice myself for the salvation of the ship. Seize me and throw me... I was not happy when I ascended the throne, and gladly

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Between 350 and 450 a number of heresies arose, forcing all Christian churches to clarify their answers to the question, "Who is Jesus Christ?" Around 380 Apollinaris, the Bishop of Laodicca, began to teach that Jesus Christ had a human body and lower soul. He believed that Christ's mind had been

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Basil wrote a letter which “contained some shafts directed at Damasus because of his toleration of Eustathius and the Marcellans.” In response to a letter from Basil, “Damasus sent a very cool reply … conveying a considerable theological statement on the ousia and the personae which deliberately

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in the following year (382) which opposed the disciplinary canons of the Council of Constantinople, especially the third canon which placed Constantinople above Alexandria and Antioch. The synod protested against this raising of the bishop of the new imperial capital, just fifty years old, to a

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Pope Damasus offered no protest against the elevation of Constantinople, even though Alexandria had always been, in the past, in close contact with Rome. This event, which has often been considered the first conflict between Rome and Byzantium, actually took place in an altogether friendly

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gained the support of Patriarch Peter of Alexandria by playing on his jealousy of the newly created see of Constantinople. They conceived a plan to install a cleric subservient to Peter as bishop of Constantinople so that Alexandria would retain the leadership of the Eastern Churches. Many

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The First Council of Constantinople (381) was the first appearance of the term 'New Rome' in connection to Constantinople. The term was employed as the grounds for giving the relatively young church of Constantinople precedence over Alexandria and Antioch ('because it is the New Rome').

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In conclusion, both Damasus and Basil are regarded as pro-Nicene leaders, but Damasus, Athanasius, and Paulinus were 'one hypostasis' (Sabellian) theologians while Basil and his friend Meletius taught three hypostases (three Persons or Realities). This schism resulted in hostile

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The bishops of Alexandria and Rome had worked over a number of years to keep the see of Constantinople from stabilizing. Thus, when Gregory was selected as a candidate for the bishopric of Constantinople, both Alexandria and Rome opposed him because of his Antiochene background.

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Damasus stated “that Basil's letters addressed to the West were returned as unacceptable.” “A confession of faith (was sent) from Damasus which Basil was to sign without altering a single word.” “Basil replied to this demand in a polite but biting

796:"When Theodosius had entered Constantinople in November 380 he had given the Homoian Demophilus the chance to remain as bishop if he subscribed to Nicaea. When he did not he was exiled and Theodosius accepted Gregory Nazianzen as de facto bishop." 775:

Valens was killed in 378 at “the battle of Adrianople in 378.” “A large Roman army was defeated and, by some estimates, as many as two-thirds of the troops were wiped out.” “The authority that had promoted Homoian interests (Valens) was now gone.”

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the words: "canon hic ex iis est quos apostolica Romana sedes a principio et longo post tempore non recipit" ("this canon is one of those that the Apostolic See of Rome has not accepted from the beginning and ever since").

2081: 762:"If we ask the question, what was considered to constitute the ultimate authority in doctrine during the period reviewed in these pages, there can be only one answer. The will of the Emperor was the final authority." 689:

was not God, he taught that Christ consisted of a human body and a divine mind, rejecting the belief that Christ had a complete human nature, including a human mind. He was charged with confounding the persons of the

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Scholars also dispute whether this creed was simply an expansion of the Creed of Nicaea, or whether it was an expansion of another traditional creed similar but not identical to the one from Nicaea. In 451, the

746:“Only about 150 bishops attended and they appear to have been carefully chosen from areas which would be friendly to Meletius, who was its president, that is areas under the influence of the see of Antioch.” 2630:. According to Eusebius of Dorlyeum, another Papal ally during Chalcedon, "I myself read this very canon to the most holy pope in Rome in the presence of the clerics of Constantinople and he accepted it." 1556: 1566: 6408: 1611: 1616: 890:

to do the same.” (RH, 801) “In May 373 Athanasius died, Peter his successor was driven out, fled to Rome, and proceeded to poison the mind of Damasus against Basil and Meletius.” In 375,

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referred to this creed as "the creed ... of the 150 saintly fathers assembled in Constantinople", indicating that this creed was associated with Constantinople (381) no later than 451.

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asserted that the third canon was not authentic, not in fact decreed by the council. Contrarily, roughly contemporaneous Greeks maintained that it did not declare supremacy of the

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as Patriarch of Antioch. The first order of business before the council was to declare the clandestine consecration of Maximus invalid, and to confirm Theodosius' installation of

2641:, declared that this canon had never been submitted to Rome and that their lessened honor was a violation of the Nicene council order. Throughout the next several centuries, the 8071: 6116: 1901: 910:“Basil would not desert Meletius and Athanasius would not recognize him (Meletius) as bishop of Antioch.” (RH, 797) “Paulinus was a rival of Basil's friend and ally Meletius.” 1606: 1108: 651:, open discussion of replacing the Nicene creed itself began. Up until about 360, theological debates mainly dealt with the divinity of the Son, the second person of the 624:“Within a few years (after Nicaea) there is a near-fifteen year absence before the creed is mentioned again.” “Nicaea's creed seemed problematic if not useless to many.” 1676: 769:“After Julian's death in 363 … Constantius' most powerful successors emerged: in the east the Emperor Valens (364–78); in the west the Emperor Valentinian (364–75).” 7960: 6761: 5910: 2515: 1591: 1004:

throne and had just begun shearing away his long curls when the day dawned. The news of what was transpiring quickly spread and everybody rushed to the church. The

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appeared with their officers; Maximus and his consecrators were driven from the cathedral, and ultimately completed the tonsure in the tenement of a flute-player.

4680: 1596: 804:“Almighty God and Christ the Son of God are one in name … (we should) not violate by denial the Holy Spirit … the undivided substance of the incorrupt Trinity.” 8267: 8262: 6974: 1914: 914:

This dispute was not simply one of personalities but deeply theological. Basil opposed Paulinus because Paulinus was a 'one hypostasis' (Sabellian) theologian:

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Rome was not involved in this council at all. Hanson refers to the “tenuous contact which the council might have been thought to have with the see of Rome.”

3397: 2665:(869), the Roman legates asserted the place of the bishop of Rome's honor over the bishop of Constantinople's. After the Great Schism of 1054, in 1215 the 984:

Arian. On his accession to the imperial throne, Theodosius offered to confirm Demophilus as bishop of the imperial city on the condition of accepting the

862:

The Meletian schism refers to a dispute in the years preceding the 381-council between two Pro-Nicene groups about who the rightful bishop of Antioch is.

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The news of the brazen attempt to usurp the episcopal throne aroused the anger of the local populace among whom Gregory was popular. Maximus withdrew to

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As quoted above, Athanasius supported Paulinus because he (Athanasius) was also a 'one hypostasis' (Sabellian) theologian. The following confirms this:

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Even though the Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.

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accepts only the first four because only the first four appear in the oldest copies and there is evidence that the last three were later additions.

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in some places (e.g. Russia) has a feast day for the Fathers of the First Six Ecumenical Councils on the Sunday nearest to July 13 and on May 22.

2184: 1452: 1408: 17: 6126: 5873: 3596: 3084: 2091: 4613: 788:“We shall believe in the Single Deity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, under the concept of equal majesty and of the Holy Trinity.” 7371: 7098: 5685: 4865: 4679: 2619: 2508: 2174: 702:

accused him of abandoning the literal sense of the scripture, and taking up wholly with the allegorical sense. His views were condemned in a

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The political context is important because, as Simonetti remarked, "the Emperor was in fact the head of the church." And, as Hanson stated:

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as Archbishop of Constantinople. When Meletius died shortly after the opening of the council, Gregory was selected to lead the council.

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Theodosius issued a second Pro-Nicene decree a year later in January 381, which was still before the Council of Constantinople, saying:

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was of similar mind, wishing to unify Christianity. In the spring of 381 they convened the second ecumenical council in Constantinople.

8364: 8026: 7325: 6430: 5534: 2897: 715: 640:, bishop of Alexandria, the most vocal opponent of Arianism, was ultimately exiled through the machinations of Eusebius of Nicomedia. 484: 2702:, as was the case also when Gregory the Great recognized it as one of the four general councils, but only in its dogmatic utterances. 5736: 1536: 1348: 1343: 8374: 7779: 6902: 6852: 6159: 5772: 5239: 3462: 2501: 1692: 1358: 1307: 1282: 7043: 6164: 3498: 2852: 2204: 1312: 7473: 7415: 7009: 6877: 6121: 6029: 5760: 5680: 5628: 5426: 2633:

Nevertheless, controversy has ensued since then. The status of the canon became questioned after disputes over Canon 28 of the

2579: 1896: 1853: 1353: 1272: 1154: 1077: 996: 8354: 5638: 5373: 4725: 4583: 4408: 3989: 3941: 3838: 3312: 2481: 2199: 1924: 1919: 925:

who had been bishop about forty years before.” "The fragments of Eustathius that survive present a doctrine that is close to

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The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints; Compiled from Original Monuments, and Other Authentic Records

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The second canon renewed the Nicene legislation imposing upon the bishops the observance of diocesan and patriarchal limits.

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Richard Price and Michael Gaddis, The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon Vol 1, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, p. 159

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atmosphere. Everyone continued to regard the Bishop of Rome as the first bishop of the Empire, and the head of the church.

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Richard Price and Michael Gaddis, The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon Vol 3, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, p. 89

8145: 8043: 7930: 6610: 3442: 2179: 8183: 7485: 7236: 6208: 6111: 4786: 4442: 3491: 2856: 2784: 2532:, four of these doctrinal canons and three disciplinary canons, are attributed to the council and accepted by both the 2149: 2116: 1906: 1886: 1489: 3654:, book 5, chapters 8 & 11, puts the council in the same year as the revolt of Magnus Maximus and death of Gratian. 843: 685:, another pro-Nicene theologian, proved controversial. Possibly in an over-reaction to Arianism and its teaching that 7315: 6847: 4858: 4807: 4755: 4649: 4556: 3877: 3689: 2821: 2789: 1663: 8086: 7566: 7456: 6625: 6524: 5983: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5366: 5267: 4923: 2865: 2769: 1979: 1839: 1776: 1292: 1031:

one see to another and urged Theodosius to "take care that a bishop who is above reproach is chosen for that see."

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Das Konzil von Konstantinopel und sein Symbol: Studien zur Geschichte und Theologie des II. Ökumenischen Konzils

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wrote a letter which “constituted also an official recognition of Paulinus, not Meletius, as bishop of Antioch.”

46: 7820: 7439: 7086: 7078: 7066: 7024: 6992: 6819: 6738: 6169: 5939: 5855: 5746: 3247: 2548:

The first canon is an important dogmatic condemnation of all shades of Arianism, and also of Macedonianism and

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has been associated with the Council of Constantinople (381). It is roughly theologically equivalent to the

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to lay his cause before the emperor but met with a cold reception there. Theodosius committed the matter to

8155: 7674: 7664: 7120: 6203: 5049: 4993: 4977: 4951: 4851: 3519: 3157: 2486: 2059: 1881: 1297: 1277: 1257: 570: 425: 379: 369: 276: 268: 235: 8369: 8120: 7490: 7263: 6567: 6213: 6198: 6184: 6091: 6081: 5571: 4713: 3432: 2720: 2436: 1727: 1302: 201: 53: 3523: 8312: 8129: 7154: 6218: 6086: 5890: 5247: 5132: 4772: 3362: 3000: 2254: 1876: 1484: 1441: 1429: 1092: 941:

But Damasus supported Paulinus because he (Damasus) was also a 'one hypostasis' (Sabellian) theologian:

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year before the ‘ecumenical’ council of Constantinople – Theodosius issued a pro-Nicene edict saying:

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Since Peter, the Pope of Alexandria, was not present, the presidency over the council was given to

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as Eastman and others point out, the Eastern bishops paid no heed to his opinions in this regard.

8379: 7639: 7495: 7222: 6290: 6230: 6106: 5988: 5787: 5389: 5196: 5141: 5088: 4891: 4518: 3607: 3197: 3133: 2971: 2921: 2907: 2812: 2209: 1974: 1756: 1712: 1702: 1499: 1368: 1363: 1100: 682: 606: 307: 189: 156: 132: 4838: 714:, in 362, and later subdivided into several different heresies, the main ones of which were the 8110: 7996: 7709: 6950: 6837: 6455: 6076: 5997: 5973: 5405: 5073: 5017: 3307: 3277: 3060: 3055: 3050: 2961: 2951: 2861: 2839: 2817: 2808: 2759: 2754: 2666: 2476: 1641: 1398: 1051:

arrived but were denied admission to the council when they refused to accept the Nicene creed.

1020: 867: 691: 451: 394: 4745: 4573: 4432: 4398: 4302: 4080: 4024: 3979: 3828: 866:

was bishop of Antioch from 360 until his death in 381. He was opposed by a rival bishop named

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Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

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how, in this period, various branches of Christianity attempted "to seize the initiative.”

8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8165: 8092: 7935: 7895: 7714: 7616: 7591: 7530: 7335: 7310: 7246: 6935: 6892: 6842: 6630: 6582: 6577: 6552: 6388: 6342: 6245: 6235: 6071: 6064: 5915: 5829: 5601: 5591: 5554: 5323: 5275: 5259: 5243: 5033: 4915: 3571: 3535: 2966: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2634: 2627: 2421: 2386: 1891: 1771: 1319: 1225: 1196: 1080:, an unbaptized civil official, was chosen to succeed Gregory as president of the council. 578: 415: 322: 4256: 2590:

The fifth canon might actually have been passed the next year, 382, and is in regard to a

8: 8338: 8287: 8011: 8001: 7950: 7808: 7794: 7654: 7396: 7159: 6959: 6940: 6680: 6675: 6602: 6320: 6295: 6174: 6154: 6101: 6002: 5900: 5797: 5765: 5709: 5220: 5041: 4685: 4655: 3481: 3342: 3182: 2902: 2774: 2431: 2401: 1055: 903: 863: 674: 670: 420: 193: 4833: 2601:

The sixth canon might belong to the year 382 as well and was subsequently passed at the

886:. Later, Athanasius' successor Peter extended the same recognition to him and persuaded 8326: 8299: 8076: 7845: 7769: 7737: 7556: 7525: 7362: 7350: 7211: 7149: 6907: 6657: 6587: 6504: 6492: 6469: 6265: 6039: 5880: 5824: 5814: 5616: 5400: 5187: 5157: 4907: 4874: 3866: 3367: 3282: 3252: 3104: 3094: 2981: 2931: 2728: 2638: 2537: 2381: 2311: 2025: 1964: 1829: 1766: 1740: 1204: 1114: 731: 546: 467: 317: 168: 142: 137: 7865: 5978: 2561:

The Bishop of Constantinople, however, shall have the prerogative of honour after the

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The seventh canon regards procedures for receiving certain heretics into the church.

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canons of the Council of Nicaea had forbidden bishops to transfer from their sees.

430: 2274: 2269: 636:, were admitted back into the church after ostensibly accepting the Nicene creed. 8193: 8160: 8104: 8098: 7955: 7860: 7764: 7576: 7070: 7035: 6965: 6867: 6805: 6547: 6498: 6044: 5699: 4828: 4797: 4776: 4675: 4465: 4105: 3861: 3392: 3387: 3242: 3187: 3162: 3099: 3089: 2549: 2441: 2396: 1651: 1526: 1479: 281: 127: 4691:

Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century

4661:

Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century

2681:, but the primacy; "the first among equals", similar to how they today view the 8256: 8081: 7875: 7850: 7814: 7754: 7747: 7742: 7732: 7586: 7571: 7510: 7386: 7376: 7132: 6969: 6955: 6930: 6925: 6716: 6690: 6620: 6435: 6337: 6332: 6315: 6255: 6149: 6096: 5925: 5845: 5694: 5291: 4284: 3559: 3292: 3257: 3152: 3128: 3065: 2892: 2694: 2678: 2645:

asserted that the Bishop of Rome had supreme authority, and by the time of the

2595: 2566: 2562: 2541: 2466: 2224: 2189: 2111: 1861: 1824: 1646: 1024: 1001: 875: 678: 655:. However, because the Council of Nicaea had not clarified the divinity of the 648: 562: 539: 527: 517: 509: 7449: 3760: 3702: 8348: 8140: 8066: 8032: 8016: 7976: 7659: 7634: 7410: 7320: 7305: 7227: 6872: 6809: 6798: 6685: 6572: 6475: 6463: 6327: 6300: 6240: 5719: 5539: 4823: 4493: 4232: 3227: 3040: 2406: 2330: 2295: 1636: 1048: 664: 644: 104: 3934:

The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God: The Arian Controversy, 318–381

3759:

Hanson, Richard Patrick Crosland (2021-11-26) . Niekerk, Andries van (ed.).

8384: 8250: 8125: 7981: 7945: 7684: 7606: 7450: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7174: 6897: 6827: 6705: 6514: 6485: 6352: 6049: 5792: 5751: 5255: 3287: 3147: 3123: 2995: 2711: 2699: 2159: 2014: 1267: 1215: 1118: 1012: 985: 566: 542: 179: 5358: 995:

There ensued a contest to control the newly recovered see. A group led by

573:, and dealt with sundry other matters. It met from May to July 381 in the 259: 81:

For the earlier Council of Constantinople in 359 dominated by Arians, see

8051: 7880: 7855: 7830: 7803: 7790: 7699: 7601: 7288: 6537: 6398: 6369: 6310: 6285: 6280: 6144: 6059: 5953: 5934: 5643: 4375: 4352: 3830:

Nicaea and its legacy: an approach to fourth-century Trinitarian theology

3563: 3302: 3202: 3070: 2234: 2154: 2144: 2129: 2004: 1969: 1333: 1287: 1262: 1039: 656: 617: 574: 558: 554: 223: 4078: 3868:

Historical Theology, An Introduction to the History of Christian Thought

2626:, reference the canon as being in force during the first session of the 921:

was “Marcellan/Sabellian.” He derived “his tradition in continuity from

831: 7835: 7420: 6917: 6667: 6615: 6420: 6250: 5895: 5724: 5668: 5663: 3337: 3232: 2335: 2214: 2194: 2048: 1005: 981: 707: 637: 4843: 6912: 6862: 6788: 6783: 6557: 6542: 6270: 6260: 5963: 5949: 5673: 5307: 3212: 2658: 2529: 2264: 2259: 2249: 2239: 2164: 2072: 1984: 1866: 1235: 1172: 1016: 989: 695: 239: 3627:

Rome as the first bishop of the Empire, and the head of the church."

659:, the third person of the Trinity, it became a topic of debate. The 8321: 8294: 7649: 7403: 7391: 6756: 6635: 6275: 6054: 5968: 5714: 5704: 5658: 5653: 5648: 3547: 3352: 3237: 3118: 2674: 2605:

as canon 95. It limits the ability to accuse bishops of wrongdoing.

2587:

any subordinate ecclesiastics that he might have ordained in Egypt.

2570: 2124: 2054: 2042: 2031: 1470: 531: 462: 219: 102:

9th century Byzantine manuscript illumination of I Constantinople.

2738: 8333: 7906: 7520: 7142: 6793: 6723: 6383: 6347: 5336:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church. 3577: 3476: 3377: 3192: 2139: 1989: 1447:

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:

1339:

Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

652: 4400:

The church in ancient society: from Galilee to Gregory the Great

950:. It was the adhesion of Basil, Meletius and their followers to 8072:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

7515: 7425: 7330: 5809: 5729: 5596: 3407: 2426: 2019: 663:

denied the divinity of the Holy Spirit. This was also known as

535: 6357: 4060: 3332: 3262: 2134: 2037: 703: 686: 629: 521: 882:

Paulinus “was recognized as legitimate bishop of Antioch by

3595:

The 150 individuals at the council are commemorated in the

3562:

doctrine now developed, the focus of discussion changed to

1999: 4575:

Paul the Martyr: The Cult of the Apostle in the Latin West

4103: 677:' Trinitarian discourse was influential in the council at 7961:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

980:

The incumbent bishop of Constantinople was Demophilus, a

61: 5044:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445) 3703:"Catholic Encyclopedia: First Council of Constantinople" 57: 4547:. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. p. 3550:

which began to die out with further condemnations at a

1043:

Gregory of Nazianzus presided over part of the Council.

6975:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

4824:

Catholic Encyclopedia: First Council of Constantinople

2693:

It has been asserted by many that a synod was held by

1420:

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches

8310: 7992:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

4494:"Thomas Shahan, "First Council of Constantinople" in 2612: 792:

He exiled leaders of the anti-Nicenes. For example:

4747:

St. Gregory of Nazianzus: An Intellectual Biography

4017: 673:also had its defenders: apart from Athanasius, the 7065: 4781:(3rd ed.). London & New York: Continuum. 4540: 4005: 3865: 2705: 954:which caused Damasus … to suspect them of heresy.” 647:in 337 and the accession of his Arian-leaning son 4539:Tanner, Norman; Alberigo, Giuseppe, eds. (1990). 4079:Christopher Wordsworth (bp. of Lincoln.) (1882). 3761:"RPC Hanson – A lecture on the Arian Controversy" 742:Furthermore, the delegated were carefully chosen: 526:) was a council of Christian bishops convened in 8346: 8062:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 4718:AD 381: Heretics, Pagans and the Christian State 4571: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 3528:Comparison between Creed of 325 and Creed of 381 569:, expanding the doctrine thereof to produce the 4750:. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. 4227: 4225: 1070:opposing any compromise with the Homoiousians. 4707:Conciliorum Oecumenicoum Generaliumque Decreta 4538: 4396: 4365:The Canons of the Fourth Lateran Council, 1215 3578:Shift of influence from Rome to Constantinople 694:, and with giving in to the heretical ways of 7051: 5374: 4859: 4178: 4072: 3499: 2578:The fourth canon decreed the consecration of 2509: 577:and was affirmed as ecumenical in 451 at the 485: 294:Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent 56:. Consider transferring direct quotations to 4390: 4300: 4222: 4107:Leaders of Iberean Christianity, 50–650 A.D. 4041: 3977: 3950: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3746:Gregory of Nazianzus: Rhetor and Philosopher 3590: 594:to resolve matters of faith and discipline. 5388: 4734: 4565: 4457: 4294: 4233:"NPNF2-14. First Council of Constantinople" 4153: 4151: 4149: 4097: 3826: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3663: 8077:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 8027:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 7058: 7044: 5381: 5367: 4866: 4852: 4709:, vol. 1 (Turnhout, 2006), pp. 35–70. 4681:"Atticus, archbp. of Constantinople" 4128: 3971: 3506: 3492: 2516: 2502: 492: 478: 288: 4802:. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 4307:. Translated by Cox, G. V. pp. 241ff 4201:"NPNF2-14. The Seven Ecumenical Councils" 3932:Hanson, Richard Patrick Crosland (1988). 3672: 878:, the bishop of Rome, supported Paulinus: 248:Chronological list of ecumenical councils 211:150 (no representation of Western Church) 5240:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical) 4743: 4674: 4578:. Society of Biblical Lit. p. 103. 4424: 4403:. Oxford University Press. p. 429. 4280: 4146: 4056: 3777: 2594:of the Western bishops, perhaps that of 1038: 975: 6799:Fostering of early experimental science 5340: 4873: 4712: 4463: 4430: 4029:. Walter N. Hering. 1906. pp. 125– 3984:. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 280–. 3860: 3740: 3725: 753: 14: 8347: 6903:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 4795: 4647: 4470:. Fordham University Press. p. 47 4011: 3965: 3931: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3758: 3734: 1023:, charging him to seek the counsel of 601: 7039: 5362: 4847: 4771: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3678:Richard Kieckhefer (1989). "Papacy". 725: 47:too many or overly lengthy quotations 4694:(3rd ed.). London: John Murray. 4664:(3rd ed.). London: John Murray. 3438: 2653:based its claim to supremacy on the 2472:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs 2082:Differences from the Catholic Church 1948:History of Eastern Orthodox theology 826: 105:Homilies of St. Gregory of Nazianzus 29: 7931:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 4737:Theodosius and the Limits of Empire 4261:Christian Classics Ethereal Library 4237:Christian Classics Ethereal Library 4205:Christian Classics Ethereal Library 4104:Joseph Marie Felix Marique (1962). 3666:Theodosius and the Limits of Empire 3458: 1794:Other possible ecumenical councils: 1557:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania 946:avoided making any statement about 27:381 AD council of Christian bishops 24: 7486:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 4699: 4543:Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils 3886: 3566:, which would be the topic of the 2613:Dispute concerning the third canon 822: 730:This Council is identified as the 25: 8401: 8365:Church councils in Constantinople 4817: 4343:Ep. cvi in P.L., LIV, 1003, 1005. 1664:American Orthodox Catholic Church 8332: 8320: 8293: 8281: 7612:Fourth Council of Constantinople 7567:Second Council of Constantinople 5268:State church of the Roman Empire 4668: 4641: 4069:xiii. pp. 366–369; Epp. 5, 5, 6. 3872:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 3864:(1998). "The Patristic Period". 3728:Church History in Plain Language 3475: 3457: 3448: 3447: 3437: 3428: 3427: 2866:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church 2737: 2663:Fourth Council of Constantinople 1567:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg 1107: 830: 461: 421:Basel–Ferrara–Florence (1431–42) 258: 96: 34: 8375:First seven ecumenical councils 7582:Third Council of Constantinople 7506:First Council of Constantinople 5099:First seven ecumenical councils 4963:First seven ecumenical councils 4883:First seven ecumenical councils 4744:McGuckin, John Anthony (2001). 4619:from the original on 2013-09-27 4599: 4532: 4511: 4486: 4467:Byzantium and the Roman primacy 4381: 4369: 4358: 4346: 4337: 4328: 4319: 4274: 4249: 4160: 4122: 4050: 3959: 3620: 3558:in 381. With the discussion of 3520:Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed 2706:Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed 1887:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 1748:First Seven Ecumenical Councils 952:this doctrine of the hypostases 571:Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed 506:First Council of Constantinople 91:First Council of Constantinople 83:Council of Constantinople (360) 18:Council of Constantinople (381) 7821:Dissolution of the monasteries 7087:History of the Catholic Church 6762:Separation of church and state 6431:Formal and material principles 6416:Separation of church and state 4635: 3854: 3752: 3719: 3695: 3657: 3641: 3541: 1034: 523:Σύνοδος τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως 514:Concilium Constantinopolitanum 13: 1: 7695:Fourth Council of the Lateran 7670:Second Council of the Lateran 7279:Apostles in the New Testament 6426:Hymnody of continental Europe 5577:Apostles in the New Testament 4796:Ritter, Adolf Martin (1965). 4688:; Piercy, William C. (eds.). 4658:; Piercy, William C. (eds.). 4434:Rome and the Eastern Churches 4110:St. Paul Editions. p. 59 3681:Dictionary of the Middle Ages 3634: 3006:Non-Chalcedonian Christianity 2884:History of Oriental Orthodoxy 2844:French Coptic Orthodox Church 2317:Intercession of the Theotokos 2092:Opposition to papal supremacy 1911:Moscow–Constantinople schism 1612:Switzerland and Liechtenstein 584: 231:Documents and statements 8355:380s in the Byzantine Empire 7809:Catholic Counter-Reformation 7675:Third Council of the Lateran 7665:First Council of the Lateran 7121:Catholic ecumenical councils 4387:(1582), at dist. xxii, c. 3. 4207:. 2005-06-01. Archived from 4129:Herbermann, Charles (1907). 2688: 1882:Christianization of Bulgaria 344:Constantinople III (680–681) 7: 8360:4th-century church councils 5874:Eastern Orthodox opposition 4085:. Rivingtons. pp. 312– 3833:. Oxford University Press. 2437:Photios I of Constantinople 1954:20th century (Neo-Palamism) 1877:Christianization of Georgia 632:and his sympathizers, e.g. 354:Constantinople IV (869–870) 202:Nectarius of Constantinople 10: 8406: 7155:History of the Roman Curia 5891:Art patronage of Julius II 4735:Hebblewhite, Mark (2020). 3726:Shelley, Bruce L. (2013). 3363:Apostolic Church-Ordinance 3001:Oriental Orthodox Theology 2746:Oriental Orthodox churches 2709: 2538:Oriental Orthodox Churches 2087:Opposition to the Filioque 1630:Noncanonical jurisdictions 522: 80: 8276: 8176: 8042: 7969: 7904: 7891:European wars of religion 7788: 7723: 7625: 7547: 7438: 7361: 7221: 7210: 7202:Eastern Catholic Churches 7077: 6983: 6818: 6737: 6666: 6601: 6523: 6454: 6394:Calvinist–Arminian debate 6368: 6135: 6018: 5854: 5745: 5627: 5525: 5414: 5396: 5334: 5316:Conference of Addis Ababa 5231: 5184: 5129: 5084: 4950: 4881: 4834:Council of Constantinople 4829:Council of Constantinople 4572:David L. Eastman (2011). 4519:"Encyclopædia Britannica" 4496:The Catholic Encyclopedia 4464:Dvornik, Francis (1966). 3765:From Daniel to Revelation 3748:, Oxford University Press 3742:Ruether, Rosemary Radford 3601:Armenian Apostolic Church 3591:Liturgical commemorations 3036:Anaphora of Saint Gregory 2324:The four fasting periods: 2205:Eastern Orthodox marriage 1813:Other important councils: 1669:American World Patriarchs 1587:Great Britain and Ireland 1083: 732:second ecumenical council 553:in the church through an 246: 229: 215: 207: 185: 174: 162: 150: 121: 113: 95: 90: 8022:Mary of the Divine Heart 7645:Clash against the empire 7597:Second Council of Nicaea 7491:Old St. Peter's Basilica 6883:Christian existentialism 5133:Oriental Orthodox Church 4705:Giuseppe Alberigo, ed., 4431:Nichols, Aidan (2010) . 3664:Hebblewhite, M. (2020). 3613: 3218:Athanasius of Alexandria 2683:Bishop of Constantinople 2584:Bishop of Constantinople 2367:Athanasius of Alexandria 1617:United States of America 1409:Czech Lands and Slovakia 1231:Four Marks of the Church 712:Athanasius of Alexandria 54:summarize the quotations 8288:Vatican City portal 7640:Investiture Controversy 7496:First Council of Nicaea 5390:History of Christianity 5308:Synod of Constantinople 5089:Eastern Orthodox Church 4397:Henry Chadwick (2001). 3968:cites Socr. H. E. v. 7. 3608:Eastern Orthodox Church 3546:This council condemned 3482:Christianity portal 3248:Dioscorus of Alexandria 3203:Nine Saints of Ethiopia 3198:Gregory the Illuminator 3134:Orthodox Tewahedo Bible 2908:Saint Thomas Christians 2622:and a partisan of his, 2534:Eastern Orthodox Church 2200:Eastern Orthodox bowing 1101:Eastern Orthodox Church 683:Apollinaris of Laodicea 339:Constantinople II (553) 157:First Council of Nicaea 133:Eastern Orthodox Church 8300:Catholicism portal 8111:Second Vatican Council 7997:Our Lady of La Salette 7804:Protestant Reformation 7791:Protestant Reformation 7710:Second Council of Lyon 7099:Ecclesiastical history 6951:Fourth Great Awakening 6838:Second Great Awakening 6077:Fall of Constantinople 5869:Development of primacy 4778:Early Christian Creeds 3308:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel 3061:Liturgy of Saint Cyril 3056:Liturgy of Saint Basil 3051:Liturgy of Saint James 2667:Fourth Lateran Council 2575: 2558:The third canon reads: 2477:Eastern Orthodox cross 1642:Spiritual Christianity 1044: 1021:bishop of Thessalonica 973: 964: 956: 939: 912: 896: 816: 806: 798: 790: 764: 748: 740: 626: 615: 549:, an effort to attain 513: 468:Catholicism portal 313:Constantinople I (381) 8007:First Vatican Council 7705:First Council of Lyon 7469:Constantine the Great 7165:Christian monasticism 6946:Reformed epistemology 6888:Third Great Awakening 6858:Seventh-day Adventist 6779:First Great Awakening 6652:Book of Common Prayer 6446:Protestant work ethic 5989:Independent Catholics 5940:Monastery dissolution 4301:Carl Ullmann (1851). 4257:"NPNF2-14. Canon III" 4132:Catholic Encyclopedia 3978:Alban Butler (2006). 3936:. T. & T. Clark. 3648:Socrates Scholasticus 3313:Geevarghese Gregorios 3024:Anaphora & Rites: 3019:Liturgy and practices 2651:Roman Catholic Church 2559: 2542:Roman Catholic Church 2487:Statistics by country 2412:Maximus the Confessor 1840:Constantinople (1872) 1042: 1019:, the much respected 976:See of Constantinople 969: 960: 943: 916: 908: 906:, supported Meletius: 880: 811: 802: 794: 786: 760: 744: 736: 634:Eusebius of Nicomedia 622: 611: 575:Church of Hagia Irene 190:Timothy of Alexandria 8184:Sexual abuse scandal 8093:Mit brennender Sorge 7936:Age of Enlightenment 7715:Bernard of Clairvaux 7592:Byzantine Iconoclasm 7531:Council of Chalcedon 7311:Council of Jerusalem 7180:Role in civilization 7160:Religious institutes 7092:By country or region 6769:Edicts of toleration 6578:Three Forms of Unity 6343:Bohemian Reformation 5916:Catholic Reformation 5773:Roman state religion 5592:Council of Jerusalem 5324:Pan-Orthodox Council 4437:. pp. 202–203. 4304:Gregory of Nazianzum 4291:, ii. 947, 954, 959. 3827:Lewis Ayres (2006). 3572:Council of Chalcedon 3536:Council of Chalcedon 3348:Patriarch of Antioch 2915:Ecumenical Councils: 2878:History and theology 2803:Independent churches 2635:Council of Chalcedon 2628:Council of Chalcedon 2618:as the Papal legate 2422:Theodore the Studite 2387:Gregory of Nazianzus 2245:Russian bell ringing 2170:Liturgical entrances 1980:Essence vs. Energies 1975:Contemplative prayer 1728:Evangelical Orthodox 1550:Episcopal assemblies 1273:Ecumenical Patriarch 1226:Apostolic succession 948:the three hypostases 778:Lewis Ayres explains 754:Geopolitical context 620:, therefore, states: 579:Council of Chalcedon 557:representing all of 452:Vatican II (1962–65) 8012:Papal infallibility 8002:Our Lady of Lourdes 7951:Shimabara Rebellion 7795:Counter-Reformation 6941:Liberation theology 6848:Jehovah's Witnesses 6681:Radical Reformation 6409:Resistance theories 6296:Christian mysticism 6291:Early Scholasticism 6003:Ecclesial community 5901:Counter-Reformation 5766:Constantinian shift 5221:Synod of Beth Lapat 4875:Ecumenical councils 4648:Onslow, P. (1911). 4607:"Menaion – July 13" 4026:The Church standard 3730:. pp. 119–120. 3552:council of Aquileia 3518:Traditionally, the 3421:Links and resources 3343:Catholicos of India 3183:Cyril of Alexandria 2834:Autonomous churches 2822:Malabar Independent 2624:Diogenes of Cyzicus 2432:Cyril and Methodius 2402:Cyril of Alexandria 2289:Liturgical calendar 2105:Liturgy and worship 1741:Ecumenical councils 1144:History of theology 904:Cappadocian fathers 902:, the first of the 675:Cappadocian Fathers 671:Nicene Christianity 643:After the death of 602:Theological context 538:) in AD 381 by the 447:Vatican I (1869–70) 439:19th–20th centuries 426:Lateran V (1512–17) 416:Constance (1414–18) 408:15th–16th centuries 362:12th–14th centuries 277:Ecumenical councils 236:Nicene Creed of 381 194:Meletius of Antioch 8370:Theodosian dynasty 8057:Our Lady of Fátima 7846:Ignatius of Loyola 7770:Catherine of Siena 7738:Pope Boniface VIII 7557:Benedict of Nursia 7526:Council of Ephesus 7363:Ante-Nicene period 7316:Split with Judaism 7150:Crusading movement 7015:Oriental Orthodoxy 6658:King James Version 6470:Ninety-five Theses 6266:Apostolic Brethren 6040:Church of the East 6035:Oriental Orthodoxy 5881:Crusading movement 5401:Early Christianity 5300:Synod of Jerusalem 5213:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 5188:Church of the East 4932:Constantinople III 4651:"Demophilus" 3597:Calendar of saints 3568:Council of Ephesus 3368:Coptic monasticism 3283:Michael the Syrian 3258:Abraham of Farshut 3253:Severus of Antioch 2730:Oriental Orthodoxy 2639:Pope Leo the Great 2382:Cyril of Jerusalem 2312:Feast of Orthodoxy 1607:Spain and Portugal 1115:Christ Pantocrator 1045: 842:. You can help by 726:Ecumenical Council 720:Antidicomarianites 665:Pneumatomachianism 547:ecumenical council 380:Lateran III (1179) 169:Council of Ephesus 143:Church of the East 138:Oriental Orthodoxy 8308: 8307: 8268:COVID-19 pandemic 8246:Pope Benedict XVI 8151:Pope John Paul II 7926:Pope Benedict XIV 7912:French Revolution 7896:Thirty Years' War 7886:Robert Bellarmine 7871:John of the Cross 7775:Pope Alexander VI 7760:Council of Vienne 7690:Francis of Assisi 7680:Pope Innocent III 7549:Early Middle Ages 7543: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7481:Arian controversy 7434: 7433: 7382:Apostolic Fathers 7033: 7032: 7010:Eastern Orthodoxy 6878:Finnish Awakening 6833:Holiness movement 6774:Congregationalism 6733: 6732: 6593:Metrical psalters 6030:Eastern Orthodoxy 5974:Neo-Scholasticism 5681:Canon development 5582:Jewish Christians 5356: 5355: 5284:Quinisext Council 5185:Recognized by the 5130:Recognized by the 5107:Constantinople IV 5085:Recognized by the 4970:Constantinople IV 4952:Recognized by the 4924:Constantinople II 4773:Kelly, John N. D. 4727:978-1-84595-007-1 4585:978-1-58983-515-3 4410:978-0-19-924695-3 4173:Carm. de vita sua 4066:Patrologia Latina 3991:978-1-4286-1025-5 3943:978-0-567-09485-8 3840:978-0-19-875505-0 3707:www.newadvent.org 3516: 3515: 3383:Coonan Cross Oath 3298:Giyorgis of Segla 3223:Ephrem the Syrian 2780:Orthodox Tewahedo 2603:Quinisext Council 2526: 2525: 2377:Basil of Caesarea 2372:Ephrem the Syrian 2255:Sign of the cross 2230:Paschal troparion 2010:Mystical theology 1820:Quinisext Council 1521:Semi-Autonomous: 1166:View of salvation 1060:Gregory Nazianzus 997:Maximus the Cynic 900:Basil of Caesarea 860: 859: 700:Basil of Caesarea 596:Gregory Nazianzus 561:, except for the 502: 501: 385:Lateran IV (1215) 375:Lateran II (1139) 331:6th–9th centuries 300:4th–5th centuries 253: 252: 198:Gregory Nazianzus 79: 78: 16:(Redirected from 8397: 8337: 8336: 8325: 8324: 8316: 8298: 8297: 8286: 8285: 8284: 8263:Patriarch Kirill 8136:Pope John Paul I 7941:Anti-clericalism 7921:Pope Innocent XI 7841:Society of Jesus 7826:Council of Trent 7780:Age of Discovery 7725:Late Middle Ages 7627:High Middle Ages 7617:East–West Schism 7501:Pope Sylvester I 7447: 7446: 7436: 7435: 7346:General epistles 7341:Pauline epistles 7274:John the Baptist 7257:Great Commission 7219: 7218: 7170:Catholic culture 7060: 7053: 7046: 7037: 7036: 6452: 6451: 5839:Non-Chalcedonian 5820:Constantinople I 5612:General epistles 5607:Pauline epistles 5587:Paul the Apostle 5565:Great Commission 5383: 5376: 5369: 5360: 5359: 5347: 5344: 5327: 5319: 5311: 5303: 5295: 5287: 5279: 5263: 5251: 5224: 5216: 5208: 5205:Constantinople I 5200: 5177: 5169: 5161: 5153: 5150:Constantinople I 5145: 5122: 5118:Constantinople V 5112: 5101: 5091: 5077: 5069: 5061: 5053: 5045: 5037: 5029: 5021: 5013: 5005: 4997: 4989: 4981: 4973: 4965: 4943: 4935: 4927: 4919: 4911: 4903: 4900:Constantinople I 4895: 4868: 4861: 4854: 4845: 4844: 4813: 4792: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4740: 4731: 4714:Freeman, Charles 4695: 4683: 4672: 4671: 4665: 4653: 4645: 4644: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4618: 4611: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4546: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4505: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4477: 4475: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4451: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4394: 4388: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4362: 4356: 4350: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4326: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4298: 4292: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4229: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4216: 4197: 4176: 4164: 4158: 4155: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4082:A Church history 4076: 4070: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3956:McGuckin, p. 235 3954: 3948: 3947: 3929: 3884: 3883: 3871: 3862:McGrath, Alister 3858: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3824: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3771: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3713: 3699: 3693: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3668:. pp. 56ff. 3661: 3655: 3645: 3628: 3624: 3603:on February 17. 3556:Ambrose of Milan 3508: 3501: 3494: 3480: 3479: 3461: 3460: 3451: 3450: 3441: 3440: 3431: 3430: 3403:Tewahedo fasting 3358:Ethiopian titles 3273:Gregory of Narek 3268:Simon the Tanner 3158:St. Thomas Cross 3046:West Syriac Rite 3031:Alexandrian Rite 2927:Constantinople I 2898:Tewahedo history 2741: 2731: 2716: 2715: 2518: 2511: 2504: 2417:John of Damascus 2392:Gregory of Nyssa 2220:Paschal greeting 2185:Memorial service 1995:Hypostatic union 1872:Byzantine Empire 1657:Old Calendarists 1278:Episcopal polity 1221:Christian Church 1111: 1088: 1087: 1049:Pneumatomachians 855: 852: 834: 827: 565:, confirmed the 525: 524: 494: 487: 480: 466: 465: 400:Vienne (1311–12) 370:Lateran I (1123) 292: 262: 255: 254: 242:(three disputed) 175:Convoked by 152:Previous council 122:Accepted by 100: 88: 87: 74: 71: 65: 38: 37: 30: 21: 8405: 8404: 8400: 8399: 8398: 8396: 8395: 8394: 8345: 8344: 8343: 8331: 8319: 8311: 8309: 8304: 8292: 8282: 8280: 8272: 8194:World Youth Day 8172: 8161:World Youth Day 8105:Pacem in terris 8099:Pope John XXIII 8038: 7965: 7956:Edict of Nantes 7914: 7910: 7900: 7866:Teresa of Ávila 7861:Tridentine Mass 7797: 7793: 7784: 7765:Knights Templar 7719: 7621: 7577:Gregorian chant 7535: 7461: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7442: 7430: 7357: 7226: 7214: 7206: 7073: 7071:Catholic Church 7064: 7034: 7029: 6979: 6966:Christian right 6868:Oxford Movement 6843:Restorationists 6814: 6729: 6662: 6597: 6548:Presbyterianism 6519: 6499:Book of Concord 6450: 6374: 6372: 6364: 6131: 6021: 6014: 5850: 5749: 5741: 5700:Clement of Rome 5630: 5623: 5527: 5521: 5410: 5392: 5387: 5357: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5341: 5330: 5322: 5314: 5306: 5298: 5290: 5282: 5266: 5254: 5238: 5227: 5219: 5211: 5203: 5195: 5186: 5180: 5172: 5164: 5156: 5148: 5140: 5131: 5125: 5115: 5104: 5097: 5087: 5086: 5080: 5072: 5064: 5056: 5048: 5040: 5032: 5024: 5016: 5008: 5000: 4992: 4984: 4976: 4968: 4961: 4954:Catholic Church 4953: 4946: 4938: 4930: 4922: 4914: 4906: 4898: 4890: 4877: 4872: 4820: 4810: 4789: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4728: 4702: 4700:Further reading 4669: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4632: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4600: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4516: 4512: 4503: 4501: 4500:. Newadvent.org 4492: 4491: 4487: 4473: 4471: 4462: 4458: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4359: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4299: 4295: 4279: 4275: 4266: 4264: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4241: 4239: 4231: 4230: 4223: 4214: 4212: 4199: 4198: 4179: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4102: 4098: 4088: 4086: 4077: 4073: 4055: 4051: 4047:McGuckin p. 318 4046: 4042: 4032: 4030: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3976: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3930: 3887: 3880: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3825: 3778: 3769: 3767: 3757: 3753: 3739: 3735: 3724: 3720: 3711: 3709: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3677: 3673: 3662: 3658: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3631: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3593: 3580: 3570:of 431 and the 3544: 3512: 3474: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3422: 3414: 3413: 3412: 3393:Fast of Nineveh 3388:Ethiopian chant 3327: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3243:Mesrop Mashtots 3177: 3169: 3168: 3167: 3163:Ethiopian cross 3138: 3109: 3075: 3020: 3012: 3011: 3010: 2986: 2912: 2879: 2871: 2870: 2835: 2827: 2826: 2804: 2796: 2729: 2714: 2708: 2691: 2615: 2550:Apollinarianism 2522: 2493: 2492: 2491: 2456: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2442:Gregory Palamas 2397:John Chrysostom 2361: 2353: 2352: 2351: 2321: 2301:12 Great Feasts 2291: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2175:Liturgical fans 2117:Divine Services 2107: 2097: 2096: 2078: 1943: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1856: 1846: 1845: 1844: 1810: 1791: 1743: 1733: 1732: 1724: 1673: 1652:Catacomb Church 1631: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1592:Italy and Malta 1551: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1519: 1510:Bessarabia (RP) 1474: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1434: 1418: 1414:North Macedonia 1337: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1252: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1209: 1206: 1191: 1183: 1121: 1086: 1037: 978: 856: 850: 847: 840:needs expansion 825: 823:Meletian schism 756: 728: 604: 587: 498: 460: 431:Trent (1545–63) 349:Nicaea II (787) 323:Chalcedon (451) 295: 282:Catholic Church 279: 232: 165: 153: 128:Catholic Church 109: 86: 75: 69: 66: 60:or excerpts to 51: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8403: 8393: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8380:Trinitarianism 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8342: 8341: 8329: 8306: 8305: 8303: 8302: 8290: 8277: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8242: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8191: 8186: 8180: 8178: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8170: 8169: 8168: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8101: 8096: 8089: 8084: 8082:Lateran Treaty 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8048: 8046: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8036: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7973: 7971: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7917: 7915: 7907:Baroque period 7905: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7876:Peter Canisius 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7851:Francis Xavier 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7815:Exsurge Domine 7811: 7806: 7800: 7798: 7789: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7755:Pope Clement V 7752: 7751: 7750: 7748:Avignon Papacy 7743:Western Schism 7740: 7735: 7733:Thomas Aquinas 7729: 7727: 7721: 7720: 7718: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7631: 7629: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7587:Saint Boniface 7584: 7579: 7574: 7572:Pope Gregory I 7569: 7564: 7559: 7553: 7551: 7545: 7544: 7541: 7540: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7511:Biblical canon 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7477: 7476: 7465: 7463: 7444: 7440:Late antiquity 7432: 7431: 7429: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7407: 7406: 7401: 7400: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7387:Pope Clement I 7377:Church Fathers 7374: 7368: 7366: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7302: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7260: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7233: 7231: 7216: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7183: 7182: 7177: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7140: 7138:Biblical canon 7133:Catholic Bible 7130: 7129: 7128: 7118: 7117: 7116: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7095: 7094: 7083: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7063: 7062: 7055: 7048: 7040: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 7001: 7000: 6995: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6963: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6931:Pentecostalism 6928: 6926:Jesus movement 6923: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6824: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6803: 6802: 6801: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6754: 6749: 6743: 6741: 6735: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6727: 6720: 6717:Martyrs Mirror 6713: 6708: 6703: 6701:Martyrs' Synod 6698: 6693: 6691:Swiss Brethren 6688: 6683: 6678: 6672: 6670: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6607: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6529: 6527: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6495: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6460: 6458: 6449: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6436:Law and Gospel 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6380: 6378: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6360: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6324: 6323: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6187: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6141: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6117:Ottoman Empire 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6026: 6024: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6006: 6005: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5928: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5871: 5860: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5846:Biblical canon 5843: 5842: 5841: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5795: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5769: 5768: 5757: 5755: 5747:Late antiquity 5743: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5733: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5695:Church Fathers 5688: 5683: 5678: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5635: 5633: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5621: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5537: 5531: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5418: 5416: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5408: 5403: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5386: 5385: 5378: 5371: 5363: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5328: 5320: 5312: 5304: 5296: 5292:Synod of Jassy 5288: 5280: 5264: 5252: 5235: 5233: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5225: 5217: 5209: 5201: 5192: 5190: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5170: 5162: 5154: 5146: 5137: 5135: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5123: 5113: 5102: 5094: 5092: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5078: 5070: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5042:Basel-Florence 5038: 5030: 5022: 5014: 5006: 4998: 4990: 4982: 4974: 4966: 4958: 4956: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4944: 4936: 4928: 4920: 4912: 4904: 4896: 4887: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4871: 4870: 4863: 4856: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4819: 4818:External links 4816: 4815: 4814: 4808: 4793: 4788:978-0826492166 4787: 4769: 4756: 4741: 4732: 4726: 4710: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4666: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4598: 4584: 4564: 4557: 4531: 4510: 4485: 4456: 4444:978-1586172824 4443: 4423: 4409: 4389: 4380: 4368: 4357: 4345: 4336: 4327: 4318: 4293: 4285:Philippe Labbe 4273: 4248: 4221: 4177: 4159: 4145: 4121: 4096: 4071: 4049: 4040: 4016: 4004: 3990: 3970: 3958: 3949: 3942: 3885: 3878: 3853: 3839: 3776: 3751: 3733: 3718: 3694: 3671: 3656: 3652:Church History 3639: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3629: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3592: 3589: 3579: 3576: 3543: 3540: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3510: 3503: 3496: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3455: 3445: 3435: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3398:Coptic fasting 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3326:Related topics 3325: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3293:Tekle Haymanot 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3153:Armenian Cross 3150: 3144: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3136: 3131: 3129:Armenian Bible 3126: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3113: 3108: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3066:Malankara Rite 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2910: 2905: 2903:Syriac history 2900: 2895: 2893:Coptic history 2889: 2888: 2887: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2859: 2853:Constantinople 2846: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2815: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2794: 2793: 2792: 2787: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2734: 2733: 2725: 2724: 2710:Main article: 2707: 2704: 2695:Pope Damasus I 2690: 2687: 2679:Bishop of Rome 2643:Western Church 2614: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2599: 2596:Pope Damasus I 2588: 2576: 2567:Constantinople 2563:Bishop of Rome 2556: 2553: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2520: 2513: 2506: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2343: 2341:Apostles' Fast 2338: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2320: 2319: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2306: 2303: 2298: 2292: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2277: 2275:Use of incense 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2225:Paschal Homily 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2190:Memory Eternal 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2114: 2112:Divine Liturgy 2108: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2077: 2076: 2069: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1944: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1909: 1904: 1902:Ottoman Empire 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1862:Church Fathers 1858: 1857: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1744: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1672: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1647:True Orthodoxy 1644: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1456: 1455: 1449: 1445: 1444: 1438: 1433: 1432: 1426: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1344:Constantinople 1340: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1169: 1162: 1160:Holy Mysteries 1157: 1155:Church history 1152: 1147: 1137: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1123: 1122: 1112: 1104: 1103: 1097: 1096: 1085: 1082: 1036: 1033: 1025:Pope Damasus I 1002:archiepiscopal 977: 974: 967:relationships: 858: 857: 837: 835: 824: 821: 755: 752: 727: 724: 679:Constantinople 649:Constantius II 628:After Nicaea, 603: 600: 586: 583: 563:Western Church 545:. This second 528:Constantinople 500: 499: 497: 496: 489: 482: 474: 471: 470: 457: 456: 455: 454: 449: 441: 440: 436: 435: 434: 433: 428: 423: 418: 410: 409: 405: 404: 403: 402: 397: 395:Lyon II (1274) 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 364: 363: 359: 358: 357: 356: 351: 346: 341: 333: 332: 328: 327: 326: 325: 320: 315: 310: 308:Nicaea I (325) 302: 301: 297: 296: 293: 285: 284: 273: 272: 264: 263: 251: 250: 244: 243: 233: 230: 227: 226: 217: 213: 212: 209: 205: 204: 187: 183: 182: 176: 172: 171: 166: 163: 160: 159: 154: 151: 148: 147: 146: 145: 140: 135: 130: 123: 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 101: 93: 92: 77: 76: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8402: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8317: 8314: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8289: 8279: 8278: 8275: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8258: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8141:Mother Teresa 8139: 8137: 8134: 8131: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8106: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8094: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8067:Pope Pius XII 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8034: 8033:Rerum novarum 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8017:Pope Leo XIII 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7987:United States 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7977:Pope Pius VII 7975: 7974: 7972: 7968: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7816: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7792: 7787: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7722: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7660:Scholasticism 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7635:Pope Urban II 7633: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7624: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7546: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7460: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7411:Justin Martyr 7409: 7405: 7402: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7384: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7360: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7322: 7321:New Testament 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7284:Commissioning 7282: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228:Apostolic Age 7224: 7220: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7134: 7131: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7122: 7119: 7115: 7114:Papal primacy 7112: 7111: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7061: 7056: 7054: 7049: 7047: 7042: 7041: 7038: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7020:Protestantism 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6982: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6964: 6961: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6893:Azusa Revival 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6873:Laestadianism 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6817: 6811: 6810:Old Lutherans 6807: 6804: 6800: 6797: 6796: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6725: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6665: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6522: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6476:Diet of Worms 6474: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6453: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6376:Protestantism 6371: 6367: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6195: 6192: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6127:North America 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6017: 6011: 6008: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5748: 5744: 5738: 5737:Early African 5735: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5720:Justin Martyr 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5626: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5540:Life of Jesus 5538: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528:Apostolic Age 5524: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5395: 5391: 5384: 5379: 5377: 5372: 5370: 5365: 5364: 5361: 5343: 5339: 5333: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5230: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5128: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5108: 5103: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5083: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4949: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4869: 4864: 4862: 4857: 4855: 4850: 4849: 4846: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4811: 4809:9783666551185 4805: 4801: 4800: 4794: 4790: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4770: 4759: 4757:0-88141-229-5 4753: 4749: 4748: 4742: 4738: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4667: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4640: 4639: 4615: 4608: 4602: 4587: 4581: 4577: 4576: 4568: 4560: 4558:0-87840-490-2 4554: 4550: 4545: 4544: 4535: 4520: 4514: 4499: 4497: 4489: 4482: 4469: 4468: 4460: 4446: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4427: 4412: 4406: 4402: 4401: 4393: 4384: 4377: 4372: 4366: 4361: 4354: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4322: 4306: 4305: 4297: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4281:Venables 1911 4277: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4238: 4234: 4228: 4226: 4211:on 2006-06-15 4210: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4175:, ll 1828–55. 4174: 4171:, 37.1157–9, 4170: 4169: 4163: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4134: 4133: 4125: 4109: 4108: 4100: 4084: 4083: 4075: 4068: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4057:Venables 1911 4053: 4044: 4028: 4027: 4020: 4013: 4008: 3993: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3974: 3967: 3962: 3953: 3945: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3881: 3879:0-631-20843-7 3875: 3870: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3842: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3766: 3762: 3755: 3747: 3743: 3737: 3729: 3722: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3691: 3690:0-684-18275-0 3687: 3683: 3682: 3675: 3667: 3660: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3640: 3623: 3619: 3611: 3609: 3604: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3584: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3509: 3504: 3502: 3497: 3495: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3486: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3472: 3464: 3456: 3454: 3446: 3444: 3436: 3434: 3426: 3425: 3418: 3417: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3373:Coptic saints 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3323: 3322: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3228:Ezana of Axum 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3208:Tiridates III 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3176:Major figures 3173: 3172: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3041:Armenian Rite 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3023: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2867: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2703: 2701: 2696: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2519: 2514: 2512: 2507: 2505: 2500: 2499: 2497: 2496: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2452: 2451: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2407:John Climacus 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2360:Major figures 2357: 2356: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2331:Nativity Fast 2329: 2328: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2305:Other feasts: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2296:Paschal cycle 2294: 2293: 2290: 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1860: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1737: 1736: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1637:Old Believers 1635: 1634: 1627: 1626: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1597:Latin America 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1547: 1546: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1522: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1505:Americas (RP) 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1473:jurisdictions 1472: 1467: 1466: 1460: 1454: 1453:Ukraine (UOC) 1451: 1450: 1448: 1443: 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968: 963: 959: 955: 953: 949: 942: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 915: 911: 907: 905: 901: 898:In contrast, 895: 893: 889: 885: 879: 877: 873: 869: 865: 854: 845: 841: 838:This section 836: 833: 829: 828: 820: 815: 810: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 779: 773: 770: 767: 763: 759: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 733: 723: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 645:Constantine I 641: 639: 635: 631: 625: 621: 619: 614: 610: 608: 607:R.P.C. Hanson 599: 597: 591: 582: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 541: 540:Roman Emperor 537: 533: 529: 519: 515: 511: 507: 495: 490: 488: 483: 481: 476: 475: 473: 472: 469: 464: 459: 458: 453: 450: 448: 445: 444: 443: 442: 438: 437: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 413: 412: 411: 407: 406: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 390:Lyon I (1245) 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 367: 366: 365: 361: 360: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 335: 334: 330: 329: 324: 321: 319: 318:Ephesus (431) 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 305: 304: 303: 299: 298: 291: 287: 286: 283: 278: 275: 274: 270: 266: 265: 261: 257: 256: 249: 245: 241: 237: 234: 228: 225: 221: 218: 214: 210: 206: 203: 199: 195: 191: 188: 184: 181: 177: 173: 170: 167: 161: 158: 155: 149: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 125: 124: 120: 116: 112: 107: 106: 99: 94: 89: 84: 73: 63: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 32: 31: 19: 8390:Theodosius I 8339:Christianity 8255: 8251:Pope Francis 8177:21st century 8126:Pope Paul VI 8103: 8091: 8044:20th century 8031: 7982:Pope Pius IX 7970:19th century 7946:Pope Pius VI 7813: 7685:Latin Empire 7655:Universities 7607:Pope Leo III 7505: 7474:Christianity 7459:state church 7451:Great Church 7252:Resurrection 7215:(30–325/476) 7212:Early Church 7197:Latin Church 7192:Papal States 7187:Vatican City 6936:Charismatics 6919: 6898:Gospel music 6828:Camp meeting 6820:1789–present 6752:Missionaries 6722: 6715: 6706:Menno Simons 6650: 6646:Church music 6497: 6468: 6353:Conciliarism 6338:Papal Schism 6180:Scandinavian 6072:Great Schism 6050:Nestorianism 6022:Christianity 5954:priest holes 5835:Chalcedonian 5819: 5798:Christianity 5752:Great Church 5560:Resurrection 5342: 5256:Great Church 5204: 5149: 5121:(1341–1351)* 5116: 5106: 4899: 4798: 4777: 4761:. 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Retrieved 3706: 3697: 3679: 3674: 3665: 3659: 3651: 3643: 3622: 3605: 3594: 3585: 3581: 3545: 3532: 3524:Nicene Creed 3517: 3288:Bar Hebraeus 3148:Coptic cross 3124:Coptic Bible 2996:Miaphysitism 2972:Capharthutha 2926: 2712:Nicene Creed 2700:Nicene Creed 2692: 2672: 2647:Great Schism 2632: 2616: 2591: 2560: 2527: 2482:Saint titles 2462:Architecture 2455:Other topics 2160:Jesus Prayer 2071: 2064: 2047: 2030: 2024: 2015:Nicene Creed 1990:Holy Trinity 1965:Apophaticism 1915:15th–16th c. 1892:Great Schism 1761: 1532:Estonia (MP) 1520: 1515:Moldova (MP) 1490:Estonia (EP) 1458: 1446: 1435: 1421: 1419: 1268:Patriarchate 1250:Organization 1216:Christianity 1203: / 1201:Resurrection 1199: / 1173:View of Mary 1171: 1164: 1119:Hagia Sophia 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1053: 1046: 1029: 1013:Thessalonica 1010: 994: 986:Nicene Creed 979: 970: 965: 961: 957: 951: 947: 944: 940: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 917: 913: 909: 897: 891: 887: 883: 881: 861: 851:October 2011 848: 844:adding to it 839: 817: 812: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 782: 774: 771: 768: 765: 761: 757: 749: 745: 741: 737: 729: 669: 642: 627: 623: 616: 612: 605: 592: 588: 567:Nicene Creed 543:Theodosius I 505: 503: 312: 180:Theodosius I 164:Next council 103: 70:October 2023 67: 52:Please help 44: 8327:Catholicism 8257:Laudato si' 8052:Pope Pius X 7881:Philip Neri 7856:Pope Pius V 7831:Thomas More 7700:Inquisition 7602:Charlemagne 7562:Monasticism 7372:Persecution 7264:Holy Spirit 7247:Crucifixion 7126:First seven 7025:Catholicism 6962:Protestants 6956:Evangelical 6631:39 Articles 6626:Elizabethan 6603:Anglicanism 6583:Westminster 6493:Melanchthon 6456:Lutheranism 6421:Nicodemites 6399:Arminianism 6370:Reformation 6311:Bonaventure 6286:Inquisition 6281:Waldensians 6231:Investiture 6209:Kievan Rus' 6165:Anglo-Saxon 6145:Pelagianism 6137:Middle Ages 6060:Iconodulism 5935:Thomas More 5856:Catholicism 5778:Monasticism 5761:Constantine 5686:Persecution 5644:Adoptionism 5629:Ante-Nicene 5572:Holy Spirit 5555:Crucifixion 5526:Origins and 5427:2nd and 3rd 5174:Ephesus III 5076:(1962–1965) 5068:(1869–1870) 5060:(1545–1563) 5052:(1512–1517) 5036:(1414–1418) 5028:(1311–1312) 4994:Lateran III 4720:. Pimlico. 4686:Wace, Henry 4656:Wace, Henry 4636:Works cited 4524:November 9, 4376:J. D. Mansi 4355:, XVI, 174. 4353:J. D. Mansi 4012:Onslow 1911 3966:Onslow 1911 3564:Christology 3560:Trinitarian 3542:Christology 3463:WikiProject 3303:Mar Thoma I 3071:Holy Qurobo 2942:Ephesus III 2620:Paschasinus 2235:Prayer rope 2155:Iconostasis 2145:Euchologion 2130:Apolytikion 2005:Metousiosis 1970:Chrismation 1602:Scandinavia 1308:Monasticism 1263:Autocephaly 1197:Crucifixion 1047:Thirty-six 1035:Proceedings 1006:magistrates 661:Macedonians 657:Holy Spirit 618:Lewis Ayres 559:Christendom 224:Holy Spirit 8349:Categories 8130:coronation 7836:Pope Leo X 7421:Tertullian 7351:Revelation 7326:Background 6747:Revivalism 6668:Anabaptism 6616:Henry VIII 6441:Literature 6065:Iconoclasm 6045:Chrysostom 5998:Vatican II 5964:Jansenists 5950:Mass rocks 5886:Lateran IV 5805:Athanasius 5725:Tertullian 5669:Marcionism 5664:Gnosticism 5617:Revelation 5535:Background 5166:Ephesus II 5074:Vatican II 5002:Lateran IV 4986:Lateran II 4763:25 October 4591:27 October 4504:2011-10-27 4474:17 October 4450:2011-10-27 4416:25 October 4311:21 October 4267:2011-10-27 4242:2015-08-24 4215:2013-08-25 4114:23 October 4089:21 October 4033:21 October 3997:22 October 3846:21 October 3770:2023-10-29 3712:2021-06-02 3635:References 3338:Catholicos 3233:Frumentius 3078:Calendars: 2977:Shirakavan 2937:Ephesus II 2673:Later on, 2655:succession 2336:Great Lent 2215:Paraklesis 2195:Omophorion 2150:Holy Water 2049:Philokalia 1708:Montenegro 1537:ROCOR (MP) 1527:Crete (EP) 1500:China (MP) 1495:Japan (MP) 1471:Autonomous 1349:Alexandria 1190:Background 1113:Mosaic of 935:Athanasius 923:Eustathius 884:Athanasius 872:Athanasius 734:. However: 708:Alexandria 638:Athanasius 585:Background 208:Attendance 108:, 879–883. 62:Wikisource 8146:Communism 8116:Ecumenism 7462:(380–451) 7454:(180–451) 7443:(313–476) 7365:(100–325) 6913:Ecumenism 6863:Adventism 6853:Mormonism 6789:Millerism 6784:Methodism 6739:1640–1789 6641:Civil War 6588:Orthodoxy 6543:Huguenots 6525:Calvinism 6510:Eucharist 6505:Orthodoxy 6389:Eucharist 6321:Five Ways 6271:Dulcinian 6224:Pomerania 6150:Gregory I 5994:Vatican I 5984:Modernism 5969:Molinists 5959:Guadalupe 5830:Chalcedon 5825:Ephesus I 5815:Augustine 5691:Apostolic 5674:Montanism 5639:Diversity 5415:Centuries 5109:(879–880) 5066:Vatican I 5050:Lateran V 5034:Constance 4978:Lateran I 4972:(869–870) 4940:Nicaea II 4934:(680–681) 4916:Chalcedon 4775:(2006) . 4623:25 August 3453:Templates 3278:Nerses IV 3213:Mar Awgin 3188:Mor Addai 3105:Gregorian 3095:Ethiopian 2989:Theology: 2967:Manzikert 2932:Ephesus I 2857:Jerusalem 2785:Ethiopian 2689:Aftermath 2661:. At the 2659:St. Peter 2637:erupted. 2346:Dormition 2270:Vestments 2265:Troparion 2260:Sticheron 2250:Semantron 2240:Prosphora 2165:Kontakion 2073:Theotokos 2026:Oikonomia 1985:Hesychasm 1867:Pentarchy 1835:Jerusalem 1679:churches: 1359:Jerusalem 1283:Canon law 1236:Orthodoxy 1205:Ascension 1135:Structure 1078:Nectarius 1017:Ascholius 990:orthodoxy 931:Alexander 929:, and to 927:Marcellus 716:Polemians 696:Sabellius 551:consensus 186:President 58:Wikiquote 45:contains 8156:HIV/AIDS 7650:Crusades 7404:Irenaeus 7397:Ignatius 7392:Polycarp 7242:Ministry 7230:(30–100) 7104:Timeline 7005:Theology 6993:Missions 6988:Timeline 6960:Mainline 6908:Pacifism 6757:Baptists 6676:Theology 6636:Puritans 6611:Timeline 6553:Scotland 6481:Theology 6328:Wycliffe 6276:Crusades 6251:Bogomils 6204:Bulgaria 6160:Germanic 6112:Ethiopia 6010:Timeline 5788:Nicaea I 5783:Councils 5715:Irenaeus 5710:Ignatius 5705:Polycarp 5659:Donatism 5654:Docetism 5649:Arianism 5550:Ministry 5232:See also 5197:Nicaea I 5142:Nicaea I 4892:Nicaea I 4716:(2009). 4678:(1911). 4614:Archived 4289:Concilia 4157:McGuckin 3744:(1969), 3574:of 451. 3548:Arianism 3433:Category 3353:Maphrian 3238:Shenoute 3119:Peshitta 3085:Armenian 2957:Dvin III 2922:Nicaea I 2849:Armenian 2790:Eritrean 2765:Armenian 2721:a series 2719:Part of 2675:Baronius 2571:New Rome 2565:because 2536:and the 2427:Kassiani 2125:Akathist 2055:Phronema 2043:Palamism 2032:Akribeia 1941:Theology 1688:Abkhazia 1677:National 1379:Bulgaria 1320:Bratstvo 1258:Autonomy 1207:of Jesus 1140:Theology 1126:Overview 1093:a series 1091:Part of 1056:Meletius 919:Paulinus 868:Paulinus 864:Meletius 814:letter.” 718:and the 710:, under 555:assembly 532:Istanbul 269:a series 267:Part of 238:, seven 220:Arianism 178:Emperor 8313:Portals 8121:Judaism 7521:Vulgate 7331:Gospels 7306:Stephen 7223:Origins 7143:Vulgate 7079:General 7069:of the 7067:History 6998:Martyrs 6794:Pietism 6724:Ausbund 6696:Müntzer 6621:Cranmer 6568:Baptism 6533:Zwingli 6384:Erasmus 6333:Avignon 6316:Aquinas 6306:Francis 6301:Dominic 6261:Cathars 6256:Bosnian 6246:Bernard 6241:Abelard 6214:Moravia 6199:Bohemia 6185:Iceland 6107:Serbian 6087:Georgia 6082:Armenia 6020:Eastern 5921:Jesuits 5597:Gospels 5545:Baptism 5158:Ephesus 5018:Lyon II 4908:Ephesus 3599:of the 3378:Debtera 3193:Abgar V 2982:Hromkla 2962:Dvin IV 2952:Dvin II 2813:British 2775:Cilicia 2580:Maximus 2140:Ectenia 2066:Theosis 1854:History 1787:Seventh 1693:Belarus 1582:Germany 1562:Austria 1485:Finland 1430:America 1422:de jure 1404:Albania 1384:Georgia 1374:Romania 1354:Antioch 1313:Degrees 1303:Deacons 1298:Priests 1293:Bishops 1150:Liturgy 1142: ( 982:Homoian 892:Damasus 888:Damasus 876:Damasus 692:Godhead 653:Trinity 609:stated: 280:of the 8087:Nazism 7909:to the 7516:Jerome 7426:Origen 7109:Papacy 6686:Grebel 6538:Calvin 6464:Luther 6358:Synods 6236:Anselm 6219:Poland 6175:Gothic 6170:Franks 6155:Celtic 6122:Russia 6102:Syriac 6092:Greece 5979:Teresa 5926:Xavier 5864:Papacy 5810:Jerome 5730:Origen 5631:period 5406:Spread 5326:(2016) 5318:(1965) 5310:(1872) 5302:(1672) 5294:(1642) 5026:Vienne 5020:(1274) 5012:(1245) 5010:Lyon I 5004:(1215) 4996:(1179) 4988:(1139) 4980:(1123) 4839:Canons 4806: 4785: 4754: 4724: 4673: 4646: 4582: 4555: 4441: 4407: 4283:cites 4059:cites 3988: 3940: 3876: 3837: 3688: 3408:Timkat 3141:Cross: 3112:Bible: 3100:Julian 3090:Coptic 2947:Dvin I 2862:Syriac 2840:Coptic 2818:Syriac 2809:Coptic 2770:Indian 2760:Syriac 2755:Coptic 2540:; the 2530:canons 2528:Seven 2210:Praxis 2020:Nepsis 1897:Russia 1830:Moscow 1801:Eighth 1772:Fourth 1762:Second 1718:UOC–KP 1713:Turkey 1703:Latvia 1577:France 1572:Canada 1399:Poland 1394:Greece 1389:Cyprus 1369:Serbia 1364:Russia 1288:Clergy 1095:on the 1084:Canons 687:Christ 536:Turkey 271:on the 240:canons 216:Topics 200:, and 8189:Islam 7457:Roman 7416:Canon 7289:Peter 7237:Jesus 6920:solae 6918:Five 6711:Smyth 6563:TULIP 6486:Bible 6194:Slavs 6097:Egypt 6055:Icons 5906:Trent 5896:Leo X 5793:Creed 5286:(692) 5258:(180– 5246:/155– 5223:(484) 5215:(410) 5207:(381) 5199:(325) 5176:(475) 5168:(449) 5160:(431) 5152:(381) 5144:(325) 5058:Trent 4942:(787) 4926:(553) 4918:(451) 4910:(431) 4902:(381) 4894:(325) 4684:. In 4654:. In 4617:(PDF) 4610:(PDF) 4061:Migne 3614:Notes 3443:Media 3333:Abuna 3263:Yared 2135:Artos 2038:Ousia 2000:Icons 1825:Jassy 1806:Ninth 1782:Sixth 1777:Fifth 1767:Third 1757:First 1698:Italy 1480:Sinai 704:Synod 630:Arius 530:(now 518:Greek 510:Latin 8239:2023 8234:2019 8229:2016 8224:2013 8219:2011 8214:2008 8209:2005 8204:2002 8199:2000 8166:1995 7336:Acts 7299:Paul 7294:John 7269:Mary 6970:left 6968:and 6958:and 6808:and 6806:Neo- 6573:Dort 6558:Knox 6404:Wars 5996:and 5952:and 5945:Wars 5602:Acts 5517:21st 5512:20th 5507:19th 5502:18th 5497:17th 5492:16th 5487:15th 5482:14th 5477:13th 5472:12th 5467:11th 5462:10th 4804:ISBN 4783:ISBN 4765:2011 4752:ISBN 4722:ISBN 4625:2013 4593:2011 4580:ISBN 4553:ISBN 4526:2012 4476:2011 4439:ISBN 4418:2011 4405:ISBN 4313:2011 4140:2013 4116:2011 4091:2011 4035:2011 3999:2011 3986:ISBN 3938:ISBN 3874:ISBN 3848:2011 3835:ISBN 3686:ISBN 3606:The 2649:the 2592:Tome 2467:Folk 2348:Fast 2180:Lity 1925:2018 1920:1996 933:and 874:and 504:The 114:Date 8385:381 7225:and 7175:Art 6515:Art 6373:and 6348:Hus 5911:Art 5457:9th 5452:8th 5447:7th 5442:6th 5437:5th 5432:4th 5422:1st 5276:451 5272:380 5260:451 5248:314 3554:by 3530:.) 2657:of 2582:as 2569:is 2060:Sin 2029:vs 846:. 706:at 117:381 8351:: 5837:/ 5693:/ 5244:50 4612:. 4551:. 4549:84 4478:. 4287:, 4259:. 4235:. 4224:^ 4203:. 4180:^ 4168:PG 4148:^ 4063:, 3888:^ 3779:^ 3763:. 3705:. 3684:. 3650:, 2864:: 2855:, 2851:: 2842:: 2820:: 2811:: 2723:on 2685:. 1424:: 1117:, 1027:. 870:. 722:. 698:. 681:. 667:. 581:. 534:, 520:: 516:; 512:: 222:, 196:, 192:, 8315:: 8132:) 8128:( 7059:e 7052:t 7045:v 5754:) 5750:( 5382:e 5375:t 5368:v 5278:) 5274:– 5270:( 5262:) 5250:) 5242:( 5111:* 4867:e 4860:t 4853:v 4812:. 4791:. 4767:. 4730:. 4627:. 4595:. 4561:. 4528:. 4507:. 4498:" 4453:. 4420:. 4315:. 4270:. 4245:. 4218:. 4142:. 4118:. 4093:. 4037:. 4014:. 4001:. 3946:. 3882:. 3850:. 3773:. 3715:. 3692:. 3507:e 3500:t 3493:v 2886:: 2598:. 2573:. 2552:. 2517:e 2510:t 2503:v 1956:) 1952:( 1750:: 1146:) 853:) 849:( 508:( 493:e 486:t 479:v 85:. 72:) 68:( 64:. 50:. 20:)

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