189:
444:
1401:. He put his lands under the nominal suzerainty of the count of Toulouse and tried to draw them away from Cerdanya. Bernard was forced to make peace with Raymond in 1047 and his allodial lands were handed over, though he was compensated with more fiefdoms from the count. Bernard rebelled a second time and was forced to make peace again in 1061. The important pass of Pimorent, which, now that Cerdanya was no longer a marcher territory, lay at the centre of its existence, remained in the hands of the Count Raymond and neither of Bernard's allies of Toulouse or Foix.
180:
450:
1029:
166:
1168:, during this period. This was an indication of their status as frontier lords and of the breakdown in royal authority, which permitted regional magnates to assume whatever titles they wished without incurring royal disfavour. As another result of its frontier location and the lack of royal control exercised over it, Cerdanya was
1432:
The failure of the county of
Cerdanya to establish lasting supremacy over Catalonia lies in the penchant of its counts to divide their patrimony between all of their sons — and the rights of inheritance of brothers — and the gathering strength of the nobility following the decline of
1412:
over the possession of the monastery of Cuixà, which
Cerdanya had controlled throughout the 10th century, but in the main, the viscounts were the greatest military detriment to the counts of Cerdanya. Between 1088 and 1092, William founded
1200:
1008:
1397:
In this period of political confusion, the viscount
Bernard Sunifred rebelled. His lands were clustered in the north of Cerdanya, in the Segre valley and Conflent with their centre at
1356:. The counts of Cerdanya, for their part, were interested in furthering their control of the church in the Midi and Catalonia; they had already controlled the important monasteries of
1375:
1404:
The viscounts of
Cerdanya and the others regions, like Conflent and Fenouillèdes, were the main antagonists of the comital power in Cerdanya throughout the 11th century. Briefly,
957:
1262:, formed the two main divisions of Catalonia during the latter half of the 10th century. Oliba brought Cerdanya to its zenith. He expanded his lordship to the north into the
1199:
were also annexed to
Cerdanya at this time. From 913 to 920, Miro also held Besalú, but on his death in 927, his territories were divided between his four sons. The eldest,
952:
188:
1243:
392:
367:
1437:
to be his ally in the fight against the Moors, the fate of
Cerdanya to be in the control of Barcelona was sealed. In the next centuries, Cerdanya was part of the
1049:
by marrying his daughter, at Odo's insistence, in order to secure his southern frontier from further Muslim expansion. Cerdanya was at this time predominantly
1517:
1425:, and in his absence, the counts' authority was weakened still further. In 1118, Cerdanya was sold to Barcelona and only occasionally bestowed thereafter as
1387:
1203:, received Cerdanya and a certain primacy over his brothers. In the last half of the 10th century, the counties of Miro were reunited (984) under one ruler:
449:
1188:
977:
1160:
and
Cerdanya was repeatedly attached to and detached from its neighbouring regions and counties. The counts of Cerdanya frequently used the title
1089:
256:
1015:
1140:(879), Aquitaine and West Francia in general experienced a period of instability during which the outlying regions, such as Catalonia, became
1251:
1211:
823:
526:
1398:
1215:
827:
1541:
1179:
died having divided his vast
Catalan patrimony (technically just a plurality of public offices) between his four sons. Cerdanya,
498:
1547:
869:
633:
1807:
17:
179:
734:
1394:, it gave the nobles opportunity to grant their services to whoever offered them the most advantage at the moment.
1092:
after 817. Cerdanya and Urgell remained united until 897 and both were under the influence and often control of the
918:
666:
1629:
1434:
888:
1673:
Lewis, 44, refers to Urgell-Cerdanya-Besalú — sometimes Urgell-Cerdanya-Confluent — as a "complex".
1469:
1259:
1105:
753:
443:
1001:
967:
928:
696:
423:
459:
1802:
990:
972:
898:
1336:
During the 11th century, Cerdanya became increasingly feudalised and drawn into the orb of
Toulouse and
1305:
were still in effect in
Cerdanya. The count presided over judicial tribunals with the assistance of the
1475:
1409:
1286:
supremacy in Catalonia from Borrell II of Barcelona. In 988, Oliba Cabreta retired to the monastery of
1275:
1812:
1559:
1438:
1365:
1330:
793:
585:
1817:
686:
1493:
851:
813:
783:
282:
165:
1499:
1357:
1529:
1511:
1414:
1291:
1144:
independent of central royal authority. During this period as well, the office of count became
676:
1487:
1523:
1405:
1263:
1271:
1097:
1589:
1267:
716:
432:
1463:
1028:
8:
1601:
1583:
1577:
1535:
1481:
1379:
1137:
878:
837:
803:
706:
605:
595:
565:
295:
1457:
1081:
1180:
1045:
in the early 8th century. In 731, the Moorish governor of Cerdanya allied himself with
535:
468:
1341:
1032:
The County of Cerdagne among the Pyrenean counties at the beginning of the 9th century
1797:
1633:
1571:
1565:
1553:
1451:
1176:
1077:
847:
642:
615:
263:
246:
1352:) in Cerdanya, and those of Foix desired some control of the frontier with Moorish
1302:
1085:
908:
555:
134:
114:
73:
57:
44:
32:
1156:
The 10th century saw repeated divisions and reunions of the familial lands of the
1608:
1345:
1322:
1184:
1118:
1093:
662:
575:
385:
205:
144:
82:
65:
1433:
Cerdanya's military importance. In 1058, when Count Raymond accepted the pay of
1192:
1595:
1418:
1391:
1337:
1297:
It is clear, however, from evidence dating from between 987 and 1031, that the
1169:
1054:
743:
652:
49:
1791:
1505:
1422:
1204:
1050:
1046:
508:
87:
1294:, receiving Cerdanya and Conflent. In 1002, Berga was annexed to Cerdanya.
763:
1287:
1255:
220:
1383:
1298:
1239:
1065:
962:
310:
210:
1227:
1223:
488:
1622:
1364:
since the early 10th century. In 1016, they purchased the right to the
1235:
1080:. At this date, Cerdanya was united in government under one count with
773:
545:
1623:
The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050
1231:
1157:
1073:
410:
1390:
plundered the Sant Miquel de Cuixà and entered into a feud with the
1353:
1111:
In the 9th century, Cerdanya was the centre of a region wherein the
1064:
Moorish rule was soon purely nominal; the Cerdanya was conquered by
1426:
1279:
1247:
1165:
1126:
1101:
478:
233:
193:
The counties of the eastern Pyrenees in the 11th and 12th centuries
91:
1113:
372:
228:
1072:
in 785. The first Count of Cerdanya that we know of by name was
1370:
1361:
1290:
and divided his lands between his three sons, the second-born,
1219:
1196:
1069:
1058:
77:
1172:
during this period, when the Muslim threat was still strong.
1042:
124:
86:. The original Cerdanya consisted of the valley of the upper
1210:
His county comprised Besalú, the Fenouillèdes, Capcir, the
1130:
1340:. The counts of Toulouse desired to control the pass of
1607:
The title then passed finally and permanently to the
1386:
was a member of the ruling dynasty of Cerdanya. When
1117:
form of landholding was common. In 835, a charter of
76:
formed in the last decades of the 8th century by the
1121:
even forbid the church of the region to grant lands
1321:For a record of Cerdanya's feudal status under the
1274:. He extended his authority over the churches of
1053:, and Odo had a pro-Basque policy in the face of
1789:
1100:invaded Cerdanya in an attempt to regain the
1009:
1316:
1626:. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.
1016:
1002:
187:
178:
1651:
1649:
1027:
1408:had to fight a war (successfully) with
1258:. Oliba's counties and the counties of
1151:
332:• Merged with the Crown of Aragon
14:
1790:
1646:
1041:The region had been conquered by the
43:
24:
25:
1829:
1444:
1378:and, not long after, that to the
448:
442:
390:
365:
164:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1435:Raymond Berengar I of Barcelona
1068:shortly after the surrender of
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1260:Borrell II, Count of Barcelona
1076:(798), who was subject to the
13:
1:
697:War of the Spanish Succession
1630:Llista de comtes de Cerdanya
1170:dotted with numerous castles
1104:, but they were repulsed by
7:
45:[kumˈtaddəsəɾˈðaɲə]
10:
1834:
1614:
1410:Giselbert II of Roussillon
1320:
1313:(good men) of the county.
1276:Sant Joan de les Abadesses
1244:Sant Esteve del Monasterio
1036:
499:Roman conquest of Hispania
1808:Principality of Catalonia
1439:Principality of Catalonia
1366:archbishopric of Narbonne
1331:Liber feudorum Ceritaniae
1317:Feudalisation and decline
1266:and to the west into the
586:Principality of Catalonia
406:
344:
340:
330:
320:
316:
306:
302:
289:
276:
272:
262:
252:
242:
219:
198:
186:
177:
161:
156:
103:
1639:
687:Revolt of the Barretines
1620:Lewis, Archibald Ross.
1417:. William's successor,
889:Transition to democracy
1415:Vilafranca de Conflent
1349:
1268:Counties of Roussillon
1033:
824:Republican Generalitat
677:Treaty of the Pyrenees
590:c. 12th century – 1714
69:
61:
53:
36:
1718:Lewis, 229–230.
1388:Count Raymond Wilfred
1264:County of Carcassonne
1234:, the upper plain of
1088:; it was part of the
1031:
929:Independence movement
754:Liberals and Carlists
493:c. 6th BC – c. 1st BC
483:c. 6th BC – c. 1st BC
199:Common languages
121:Comitatus Ceritaniae
1382:as well. The famous
1358:Sant Miquel de Cuixà
1152:Division and reunion
1090:Kingdom of Aquitaine
717:Nueva Planta decrees
560:c.760 – 12th century
54:Comitatus Ceritaniae
1548:Raymond Berengar II
1482:Wilfred I the Hairy
1429:for younger sons.
1380:bishopric of Urgell
1374:for their relative
1138:Louis the Stammerer
1136:After the death of
919:Statute of Autonomy
899:Statute of Autonomy
838:Events of 6 October
828:Statute of Autonomy
804:La Canadenca strike
707:War of the Catalans
606:War of the Remences
596:Compromise of Caspe
566:County of Barcelona
540:5th century – c.720
322:• Established
131:Condado de Cerdaña
111:Comtat de Cerdanya
1803:Medieval Catalonia
1542:Raymond Berengar I
1098:Emirate of Córdoba
1034:
221:Ethnic groups
141:Comté de Cerdagne
105:County of Cerdanya
62:Condado de Cerdaña
37:Comtat de Cerdanya
29:County of Cerdanya
18:County of Cerdagne
1655:Lewis, 22 and n6.
1634:Catalan Knowledge
1301:court system and
1177:Wilfred the Hairy
1078:Count of Toulouse
1026:
1025:
937:
936:
860:
859:
848:Spanish Civil War
725:
724:
643:Catholic Monarchs
624:
623:
616:Catalan Civil War
517:
516:
416:
415:
402:
401:
398:
397:
378:
377:
291:• 1375–1403
264:Count of Cerdanya
247:Roman Catholicism
72:) was one of the
70:Comté de Cerdagne
16:(Redirected from
1825:
1813:Catalan nobility
1782:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1282:and usurped the
1214:, the valley of
1131:in feudal tenure
1082:County of Besalú
1018:
1011:
1004:
875:
874:
814:Catalan Republic
740:
739:
667:Catalan Republic
639:
638:
556:Catalan counties
532:
531:
465:
464:
452:
446:
436:
418:
417:
394:
393:
382:
381:
369:
368:
362:
361:
346:
345:
191:
182:
168:
148:
138:
128:
118:
101:
100:
74:Catalan counties
47:
42:
21:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1818:Lists of counts
1788:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1642:
1617:
1609:Crown of Aragon
1464:Galindo Aznárez
1447:
1406:William Raymond
1334:
1323:Crown of Aragon
1319:
1154:
1119:Louis the Pious
1094:Count of Aragon
1039:
1022:
984:
983:
982:
947:
939:
938:
872:
862:
861:
737:
727:
726:
636:
626:
625:
576:Crown of Aragon
529:
519:
518:
462:
447:
434:
427:
391:
386:Crown of Aragon
366:
333:
323:
292:
279:
278:• 798–820
238:
215:
194:
173:
172:
169:
152:
151:
142:
132:
122:
112:
106:
83:Marca Hispanica
40:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1831:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1784:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1627:
1616:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1458:Aznar Galíndez
1454:
1446:
1445:List of counts
1443:
1419:William Jordan
1392:Bishop of Elne
1318:
1315:
1303:Visigothic law
1153:
1150:
1125:, that is, as
1106:Count Sunifred
1096:. In 842, the
1055:Charles Martel
1038:
1035:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1006:
998:
995:
994:
986:
985:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
953:Historiography
949:
948:
945:
944:
941:
940:
935:
934:
931:
925:
924:
921:
915:
914:
911:
905:
904:
901:
895:
894:
891:
885:
884:
881:
873:
868:
867:
864:
863:
858:
857:
854:
844:
843:
840:
834:
833:
830:
820:
819:
816:
810:
809:
806:
800:
799:
796:
790:
789:
786:
780:
779:
776:
770:
769:
766:
760:
759:
756:
750:
749:
746:
744:Peninsular War
738:
733:
732:
729:
728:
723:
722:
719:
713:
712:
709:
703:
702:
699:
693:
692:
689:
683:
682:
679:
673:
672:
669:
659:
658:
655:
653:Habsburg Spain
649:
648:
645:
637:
632:
631:
628:
627:
622:
621:
618:
612:
611:
608:
602:
601:
598:
592:
591:
588:
582:
581:
578:
572:
571:
568:
562:
561:
558:
552:
551:
548:
542:
541:
538:
530:
525:
524:
521:
520:
515:
514:
513:27 BC – 476 AD
511:
505:
504:
503:218 BC – 19 BC
501:
495:
494:
491:
489:Greek colonies
485:
484:
481:
475:
474:
471:
463:
458:
457:
454:
453:
439:
438:
429:
428:
421:
414:
413:
408:
404:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
388:
379:
376:
375:
370:
358:
357:
352:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
331:
328:
327:
324:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
308:
307:Historical era
304:
303:
300:
299:
293:
290:
287:
286:
280:
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
266:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
237:
236:
231:
225:
223:
217:
216:
214:
213:
208:
202:
200:
196:
195:
192:
184:
183:
175:
174:
170:
163:
162:
159:
158:
154:
153:
150:
149:
139:
129:
119:
108:
107:
104:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1830:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1506:Oliba Cabreta
1503:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1423:First Crusade
1421:, joined the
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1309:(judges) and
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1205:Oliba Cabreta
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:in beneficium
1120:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:Odo the Great
1044:
1030:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
993:
992:
988:
987:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
943:
942:
932:
930:
927:
926:
922:
920:
917:
916:
912:
910:
909:Barcelona '92
907:
906:
902:
900:
897:
896:
892:
890:
887:
886:
882:
880:
877:
876:
871:
866:
865:
855:
853:
849:
846:
845:
841:
839:
836:
835:
831:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
815:
812:
811:
807:
805:
802:
801:
797:
795:
792:
791:
787:
785:
782:
781:
777:
775:
772:
771:
767:
765:
762:
761:
757:
755:
752:
751:
747:
745:
742:
741:
736:
731:
730:
720:
718:
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509:Tarraconensis
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257:Feudal County
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1368:for 100,000
1335:
1329:.1205), see
1326:
1311:boni homines
1310:
1306:
1296:
1288:Montecassino
1283:
1256:Peyrepertuse
1209:
1193:Fenouillèdes
1174:
1161:
1155:
1148:hereditary.
1145:
1141:
1135:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1063:
1040:
989:
933:2010–present
923:2006–present
870:Contemporary
794:Commonwealth
663:Reapers' War
634:Early modern
355:Succeeded by
354:
349:
171:Coat of arms
95:
81:
28:
26:
1781:Lewis, 349.
1772:Lewis, 322.
1763:Lewis, 374.
1754:Lewis, 373.
1745:Lewis, 349.
1736:Lewis, 348.
1727:Lewis, 209.
1709:Lewis, 199.
1494:Sunifred II
1384:Abbot Oliva
1299:Carolingian
1240:Illa de Tet
1066:Charlemagne
784:Tragic Week
433:History of
350:Preceded by
311:Middle Ages
211:Old Catalan
1792:Categories
1700:Lewis, 78.
1691:Lewis, 73.
1682:Lewis, 99.
1664:Lewis, 40.
1600:1375-1403
1594:1349-1375
1588:1324-1349
1582:1311-1324
1576:1276-1311
1570:1242-1276
1564:1223-1242
1558:1168-1223
1552:1162-1168
1546:1131-1162
1540:1118-1131
1534:1109-1118
1530:William II
1528:1095-1109
1522:1068-1095
1516:1035-1068
1512:Wilfred II
1470:Sunifred I
1236:Roussillon
1218:, that of
1164:, meaning
978:Presidents
852:Revolution
774:Catalanism
764:Renaixença
546:Al-Andalus
469:Prehistory
253:Government
1590:James III
1584:Sancho II
1524:William I
1510:988-1035
1350:Puymorens
1232:Vallespir
1158:Bellonids
1127:benefices
1074:Borrell I
903:1979–2006
893:1975–1982
883:1939–1975
879:Francoism
856:1936–1939
832:1932–1939
798:1914–1925
768:1833–1892
758:1833–1876
748:1808–1814
711:1713–1714
701:1700–1715
691:1687–1689
671:1640–1659
657:1516–1700
647:1469–1516
620:1462–1472
610:1462–1486
580:1162–1715
536:Visigoths
435:Catalonia
411:Catalonia
283:Borrell I
243:Religion
1798:Cerdanya
1602:Isabella
1596:James IV
1578:James II
1560:Sancho I
1504:968-988
1500:Miró III
1498:968-984
1492:927-968
1486:897-927
1480:869-897
1474:848-869
1468:834-848
1462:824-834
1456:820-824
1450:798-820
1427:appanage
1342:Pimorent
1284:de facto
1280:Lagrasse
1272:Empúries
1248:Conflent
1228:Ripollés
1224:Berguedà
1201:Sunifred
1187:went to
1181:Conflent
1175:In 897,
1166:margrave
1146:de facto
1142:de facto
1102:Pyrenees
1057:and the
991:Timeline
968:Military
946:By topic
570:801–1162
550:713–1154
527:Medieval
479:Iberians
424:a series
422:Part of
296:Isabella
234:Catalans
157:798–1403
92:Cerdanya
90:. Today
1615:Sources
1572:James I
1536:Bernard
1518:Raymond
1488:Miró II
1476:Solomon
1452:Borrell
1399:Merencs
1376:Guifred
1307:judices
1292:Wilfred
1216:Orillas
1162:marchio
1114:aprisio
1037:Origins
958:Economy
460:Ancient
373:Francia
285:(first)
229:Basques
135:Spanish
115:Catalan
96:comarca
80:in the
58:Spanish
33:Catalan
1371:solidi
1362:Ripoll
1354:Lérida
1346:French
1254:, and
1252:Donasà
1250:, the
1230:, the
1226:, the
1222:, the
1220:Lillet
1212:Baridà
1197:Capcir
1191:. The
1183:, and
1086:Urgell
1070:Girona
1059:Franks
1051:Basque
973:Counts
778:1870s–
735:Modern
473:
426:on the
298:(last)
268:
206:Basque
145:French
78:Franks
66:French
1640:Notes
1554:Peter
1238:from
1185:Berga
1043:Moors
125:Latin
88:Segre
50:Latin
1566:Nuño
1360:and
1338:Foix
1278:and
1270:and
1195:and
1189:Miro
1084:and
913:1992
842:1934
818:1931
808:1919
788:1909
721:1716
681:1659
600:1412
336:1403
41:IPA:
27:The
1632:at
1242:to
1207:.
1133:.
1129:or
1061:.
963:Art
326:798
1794::
1648:^
1611:.
1441:.
1348::
1246:,
1108:.
850:/
826:/
665:/
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68::
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56:;
52::
48:;
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1344:(
1333:.
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1325:(
1017:e
1010:t
1003:v
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113:(
31:(
20:)
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