138:
50:
97:
73:
116:
25:
1934:
1385:
714:
1358:
294:: Sudan witnessed a failed coup against General Ibrahim Abboud's regime. The conspirators, including Al-Rashid Al-Taher Bakr, faced trials, with some receiving death sentences, marking Sudan's first post-independence military executions. Abd al-Rahman Kabeida, involved in the 1957 coup attempt, was imprisoned until his release after the
1306:
422:: Allegedly orchestrated by retired officers and junior loyalists, aimed to overthrow the ruling military junta led by Lieutenant General Omar al-Bashir. Loyalist forces quashed the coup, with reported gunfire at key locations. Approximately 30 officers and retired officers were arrested.
695:
506:. According to media reports, at least 40 officers were arrested. A government spokesman said they included "remnants of the defunct regime", referring to former officials of President Omar al-Bashir's government, and members of the country's armoured corps.
1049:
869:
1332:
1753:
1786:
1848:
326:, briefly ousted President Jaafar Nimeiry but lacked support. Nimeiry's loyalists counter-couped, reinstating him. Nimeiry then strengthened his rule, diminishing the influence of former
853:
1494:
2371:
1880:
169:, totalling 19 coup attempts, of which 7 were successful, which places Sudan as the African nation with the most coup attempts and it ranks second globally, just behind
351:
934:
2752:
1180:
1737:
496:
and declared a state of emergency in the country for a period of 3 months, followed by a transitional period of two years before an agreement was reached later.
2535:
341:
2354:
2304:
2211:
359:
285:
2689:
2799:
1777:
464:
reached the capital, marking a significant escalation in a conflict that had already claimed up to 300,000 lives and displaced 2.5 million since 2003.
2231:
767:
2299:
2251:
1897:
1838:
327:
1232:
1556:
470:: The coup against president Omar al-Bashir started as an attempt to overthrow the government over serious conflicts, upheavals (mainly the
2344:
1258:
1464:
340:-backed rebel army officers attempted a coup against President Gaafar al-Nimeiry, but loyalist forces quickly crushed the coup. Brigadier
2109:
1436:
390:: The coup was staged by a group of military officers and led by the Defense Minister and Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal
1526:
698:[Coups, betrayals and maliciousness of officers against each other within the armed forces - Al-Burhan “Hemedti” for example].
1129:
1015:
2886:
2620:
1919:
1504:
658:
384:
but failed. High
Executive Council members were arrested, and some sources suggest the group tried to free them from Juba prison.
1870:
2349:
2324:
2074:
2950:
2266:
2041:
1206:
750:
1816:
870:"الحكومة العسكرية في السودان في الأعوام الثلاثة الماضية (1959 – 1961م) .. بقلم: بيتر كيلنر .. ترجمة: بدر الدين حامد الهاشمي"
2605:
2241:
2196:
2029:
792:
499:
277:
269:
442:. It ended with the arrests of army officers over the next few days. A second attempted coup was staged in September 2004.
1659:
1103:
1076:
2757:
1711:
2201:
2151:
1113:
1086:
534:: Sudan witnessed an armed conflict between rival factions of the military, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the
2945:
2246:
2124:
517:
313:
220:
144:
1927:
989:
2610:
2221:
2181:
2144:
471:
363:
2261:
2236:
2206:
2191:
2176:
2166:
2161:
2034:
2021:
1991:
1986:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1570:
768:"SUDAN COUP PUTS ARMY IN CONTROL; Capital Is Quiet as General Takes Power -- Parliament Ousted in Orderly Shift"
576:
521:
509:
477:
413:
397:
387:
319:
301:
258:
185:
181:
174:
152:
129:
125:
103:
86:
82:
60:
37:
2829:
999:
449:
170:
2600:
2171:
2104:
1981:
1912:
503:
493:
438:: The attempt was against the president Omar al-Bashir and his cabinet, inspired by opposition leaders and
369:
821:
Ben Hammou, Salah (2023). "The
Varieties of Civilian Praetorianism: Evidence From Sudan's Coup Politics".
288:, with the knowledge of the United States and Great Britain. Khalil was subsequently retired on a pension.
137:
2694:
1450:
1155:
2663:
2565:
2226:
2067:
2016:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1976:
1971:
1956:
1946:
1608:
467:
435:
425:
419:
391:
381:
347:
333:
291:
240:
196:
192:
2359:
2186:
740:
224:
2119:
2329:
2156:
429:
337:
312:. The coup signalled the end of Sudan's second democratic era, and saw the beginning of Nimeiry's
2804:
2735:
2615:
2509:
2379:
2309:
1905:
362:
was met with resistance, leading to a week of intense fighting and civilian casualties. A brief
295:
262:
56:
30:
1156:"Sudan's Military Ousts Numeiri: Coup Climaxes Protests; African Ally Was on Way Back From U.S."
404:
overthrown the democratically elected government of Prime
Minister Sadiq al-Mahdi and President
2864:
2451:
2334:
2256:
1472:
528:, but civilian groups rejected it, and Hamdok resigned in January 2022 amid continued protests.
513:
64:
2114:
696:"انقلابات وخيانات وخبيثات الضباط في بعضهم البعض داخل القوات المسلحة – البرهان "حميدتي" مثالآ-"
2834:
2774:
2742:
2656:
2595:
2590:
2570:
2545:
2060:
1534:
481:
474:) and worsening conditions. 13 were arrested during the coup attempt, according to the media.
401:
212:
2891:
2839:
2646:
2574:
2384:
2139:
2011:
1585:
535:
445:
216:
8:
2871:
2584:
2555:
531:
485:
412:
who took power in its aftermath; he ruled the country for the next 30 years until he was
273:
208:
2794:
2769:
2747:
2699:
2560:
2504:
2314:
2282:
916:
834:
524:
ensued, leading to negotiations. A 14-point deal in
November reinstated Prime Minister
489:
244:
162:
2849:
2784:
2779:
2730:
2725:
2580:
2523:
2319:
1745:
1499:
1109:
1082:
1023:
995:
908:
838:
746:
666:
547:
405:
107:
166:
2915:
2821:
2789:
2713:
2651:
2634:
2540:
2491:
2461:
2411:
2294:
2092:
826:
568:
516:
staged a military coup in Sudan, detaining government officials and dissolving the
439:
309:
247:, a failed coup led by Abdel Rahman Ismail Kabeida sought to seize power from the
2854:
2844:
2764:
2676:
2416:
2398:
2339:
1808:
1633:
631:
265:
248:
228:
33:
796:
255:, accused of supporting the coup, and was arrested and later reassigned in 1959.
2924:
2896:
2881:
2876:
2811:
2681:
2668:
2476:
2446:
2436:
2421:
1412:"History of successful and coup attempts wey fail for Sudan since independence"
525:
409:
355:
323:
305:
281:
252:
148:
121:
78:
41:
1775:
Abdelaziz, Khalid; Awadalla, Nadine (25 October 2021). Pullin, Richard (ed.).
830:
603:
432:. The coup was quickly crushed and the leaders of the attempt were imprisoned.
49:
2939:
2859:
2486:
2456:
2431:
2216:
2134:
2129:
1749:
1027:
912:
670:
461:
2471:
2466:
2441:
2406:
1778:"Sudan cabinet members, others arrested in apparent coup – Reuters witness"
1495:"Darfur rebels poised to take Khartoum | The Independent | The Independent"
1411:
742:
Who's who in Africa: The
Political, Military and Business Leaders of Africa
632:"Gabon coup: The latest in a series of military takeovers on the continent"
428:: The attempt was led by Colonel Ahmed Khaled who was a sympathiser of the
24:
1465:"Sudan Sentences 8 Rebels to Death for Khartoum Raid - The New York Times"
2481:
2426:
1875:
1280:
96:
1607:
Abdelaziz, Khalid; Lewis, Aidan (11 April 2019). Lawrence, Janet (ed.).
920:
896:
72:
1843:
1684:
115:
1609:"Soldiers raid headquarters of Bashir's Islamic movement in Khartoum"
1052:[The Security Apparatus' View of the July 2, 1976 Movement].
188:
177:
1584:
El
Sirgany, Sarah; Elbagir, Nima; Abdullah, Yasir (11 April 2019).
457:
453:
173:, which has recorded 23 coup attempts since 1950. This include the
2052:
377:
543:
539:
344:, the coup leader, was wounded, court-martialled, and executed.
200:
1871:"Battle For Key Police Base Kills At Least 14 Sudan Civilians"
1738:"Sudan's army seizes power in coup and detains prime minister"
1233:"Sudan Reports Blocking a Coup And Arresting Over 30 Officers"
1050:"نظرة جهاز الأمن لحركة 2 يوليو 1976 .. بقلم: عبدالله الشقليني"
2083:
1933:
1712:"Sudanese officials say coup attempt failed, army in control"
366:
followed but ended due to ongoing tensions and disagreements.
1736:
Salih, Zeinab
Mohammed; Beaumont, Peter (25 October 2021).
1359:"توتر جديد في السودان... تاريخ طويل من الانقلابات العسكرية"
373:
350:: In early 1972, Nimeiry's dialogue with opposition leader
1634:"Sudan failed coup: Government blames pro-Bashir elements"
1307:"سجل حافل بالانقلابات في السودان: 12 انقلاباً في 64 عاماً"
1583:
1437:"Tight security in Khartoum as gov't claims coup attempt"
572:
1471:. Agence France-Presse. 26 November 2022. Archived from
1809:"Sudan coup: Protests continue after military takeover"
1130:"SUDAN'S PRESIDENT IS OUSTED IN COUP BY MILITARY CHIEF"
488:
demanded his departure. At that time, the army, led by
1839:"South Kordofan residents flee as Sudan war escalates"
1586:"Sudan's President Bashir forced out in military coup"
211:
began on 15 April 2023, involving clashes between the
1527:"U.S. urges restraint after Sudan violence | Reuters"
1386:"الانقلابات العسكرية في السودان بين الملامح والأسباب"
1078:
The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars: Peace Or Truce
715:"الانقلابات العسكرية في السودان بين الملامح والأسباب"
460:, killing over 220 people. It was the first time the
394:, against the government of President Gaafar Nimeiry.
897:"Military Government in Sudan: The Past Three Years"
165:
in 1956, Sudan has witnessed a protracted series of
1259:"Sudanese military government crushes coup attempt"
1016:"Sudan Rebels Stage Coup But Loyal Troops Crush It"
308:successfully overthrow the government of President
1776:
1571:"Coup attempt disrupted, Sudanese government says"
1774:
1685:"تصفية اخر جيوب الانقلاب واعتقال عسكريين ومدنيين"
571:, and 17 attempts with 6 successful according to
480:: President Omar al-Bashir was overthrown by the
268:against the civilian government formed after the
2937:
2370:
1660:"Sudanese officials say coup attempt has failed"
567:18 coup attempts with 6 successful according to
659:"Analysis | Map: The world of coups since 1950"
1606:
1207:"Military Coup in Sudan Ousts Civilian Regime"
2068:
1913:
1735:
1281:"هذه قصة الانقلابات في السودان خلال ستة عقود"
816:
814:
1333:"هذه قصة الانقلابات في السودان خلال 6 عقود"
1285:الرابطة الدولية للخبراء والمحللين السياسيين
1047:
689:
687:
2075:
2061:
1920:
1906:
1801:
1439:. The New Humanitarian. 27 September 2004.
935:"69. Republic of the Sudan (1956-present)"
820:
811:
712:
693:
2232:Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
1519:
1451:"SUDAN: Coup Plot Threatens Peace Talks"
1383:
994:. Indiana University Press. p. 88.
684:
1863:
1768:
1074:
981:
977:. Indiana University Press. p. 87.
966:
851:
408:. The coup was led by military officer
102:After a short period of democracy, the
2938:
1729:
1304:
1048:Al-Shaqlini, Abdullah (27 July 2018).
894:
765:
713:Al-Taweel, Amani (24 September 2021).
656:
601:
550:and other rebel groups joined the war.
2397:
2056:
1901:
1831:
1709:
1457:
1384:Altaweel, Amani (24 September 2021).
1101:
2242:Second Transitional Military Council
1819:from the original on 25 October 2021
1789:from the original on 25 October 2021
1756:from the original on 25 October 2021
1557:"The attempted coup d'etat in Sudan"
1199:
987:
972:
626:
624:
597:
595:
538:(RSF), with clashes in Khartoum and
261:: A bloodless self-coup, was led by
2197:First Transitional Military Council
1652:
1626:
1577:
1148:
1122:
1008:
927:
766:Hailey, Foster (18 November 1958).
602:Williamson, Megan Duzor and Brian.
354:failed. In 1976, a coup attempt by
13:
2082:
1533:. 22 November 2020. Archived from
1173:
1075:Johnson, Douglas Hamilton (2011).
1041:
960:Historical Dictionary of the Sudan
888:
862:
852:العزاوي, قيس جواد (2 March 2023).
380:Air Force members, aimed to seize
14:
2962:
2252:2019–2021 transition to democracy
1883:from the original on 27 June 2023
1851:from the original on 30 June 2023
1710:Magdy, Samy (21 September 2021).
1305:Khalil, Rima (21 December 2021).
1181:"Sudanese Leader Deposed in Coup"
855:الجيش والسلطة في التاريخ العثماني
621:
604:"By The Numbers: Coups in Africa"
592:
2247:Transitional Sovereignty Council
1932:
657:Taylor, Adam (1 December 2021).
136:
114:
95:
71:
48:
23:
1703:
1677:
1600:
1563:
1559:. ISS Africa. 30 November 2012.
1549:
1487:
1443:
1429:
1404:
1377:
1351:
1325:
1298:
1273:
1251:
1225:
1105:South Sudan: The Notable Firsts
1095:
1068:
952:
845:
694:Al-Sayegh, Bakri (9 May 2023).
207:In the latest development, the
1339:(in Arabic). 24 September 2021
785:
759:
733:
706:
650:
561:
502:: The attempt was against the
1:
1503:. 7 July 2022. Archived from
745:. African Development. 1973.
586:
492:, toppled the government and
450:Justice and Equality Movement
328:Revolutionary Command Council
145:Sudan transition to democracy
1081:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
575:, but both do not count the
504:Sovereignty Council of Sudan
280:, and senior army generals,
7:
472:2011–2013 Sudanese protests
16:Aspect of Sudanese politics
10:
2967:
2110:Pre-independence governors
1365:(in Arabic). 15 April 2023
1102:Kuyok, Kuyok Abol (2015).
823:Armed Forces & Society
392:Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
124:’s dictatorship after the
85:but he was toppled in the
83:2nd coup attempt succeeded
2909:
2820:
2721:
2712:
2642:
2633:
2531:
2522:
2290:
2281:
2140:Anglo-Egyptian occupation
2100:
2091:
1942:
991:Assassination in Khartoum
975:Assassination in Khartoum
831:10.1177/0095327X231155667
793:"Sudan Embassy in Canada"
278:People's Democratic Party
57:short period of democracy
1573:. CNN. 23 November 2012.
1453:. IPSNews. 2 April 2004.
876:(in Arabic). 13 May 2023
554:
436:March and September 2004
338:Sudanese Communist Party
234:
2946:Military coups in Sudan
2182:National Reconciliation
988:Korn, David A. (1993).
973:Korn, David A. (1993).
364:National Reconciliation
352:Sharif Hussein al-Hindi
296:October 1964 Revolution
272:. It involved Khalil's
219:, both factions of the
2951:Coups d'état in Africa
2222:United Nations Mission
895:Kilner, Peter (1962).
858:(in Arabic). ktab INC.
514:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
151:was deposed after the
2596:Native administration
2202:Coalitions/Bashir Era
2115:Pre and early history
1929:Coups d'état in Sudan
1159:The Los Angeles Times
482:Sudanese Armed Forces
448:: Darfur rebel group
430:Sudanese Ba'ath Party
402:Sudanese Armed Forces
215:and the paramilitary
213:Sudanese Armed Forces
1261:. UPI. 23 April 1990
1022:. 6 September 1975.
799:on 24 September 2015
608:projects.voanews.com
536:Rapid Support Forces
522:Protests and strikes
494:National Legislature
342:Hassan Hussein Osman
245:Sudan's independence
217:Rapid Support Forces
2355:Non-marine molluscs
1815:. 25 October 2021.
1640:. 21 September 2021
1537:on 22 November 2020
1475:on 26 November 2022
1185:The Washington Post
825:: 0095327X2311556.
518:Sovereignty Council
376:coup, led by 12 ex-
274:National Umma Party
221:military government
209:2023 Sudan Conflict
2695:Telecommunications
2130:Turkish occupation
1469:The New York Times
1237:The New York Times
1211:The New York Times
1134:The New York Times
1020:The New York Times
772:The New York Times
490:Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf
360:Muhammad Nour Saad
286:Ahmad Abd al-Wahab
223:, with a focus on
2933:
2932:
2905:
2904:
2708:
2707:
2671:(former currency)
2629:
2628:
2566:Foreign relations
2518:
2517:
2500:
2499:
2393:
2392:
2372:Natural disasters
2277:
2276:
2262:October 2021 coup
2227:Nomadic conflicts
2152:Independent Sudan
2050:
2049:
2030:September attempt
1982:1977 Juba attempt
1500:Independent.co.uk
752:978-0-9502755-0-5
548:Abdelaziz al-Hilu
500:21 September 2021
406:Ahmed al-Mirghani
243:: One year after
128:lasted until the
38:self-coup in 1958
2958:
2918:
2719:
2718:
2685:
2672:
2640:
2639:
2529:
2528:
2395:
2394:
2368:
2367:
2288:
2287:
2187:Second Civil War
2098:
2097:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2035:October–November
1937:
1936:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1879:. 26 June 2023.
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1847:. 23 June 2023.
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1780:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1012:
1006:
1005:
985:
979:
978:
970:
964:
963:
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
931:
925:
924:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
866:
860:
859:
849:
843:
842:
818:
809:
808:
806:
804:
795:. Archived from
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
763:
757:
756:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
710:
704:
703:
691:
682:
681:
679:
677:
654:
648:
647:
645:
643:
638:. 7 January 2019
628:
619:
618:
616:
614:
599:
580:
579:as a successful.
577:1971 coup d'état
569:Voice of America
565:
486:popular protests
468:22 November 2012
440:Hassan Al-Turabi
358:that was led by
334:5 September 1975
330:members by 1975.
310:Ismail al-Azhari
259:17 November 1958
249:civil government
140:
118:
99:
75:
52:
27:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2921:
2914:
2901:
2816:
2704:
2683:
2670:
2625:
2621:State Governors
2514:
2496:
2389:
2366:
2273:
2157:First Civil War
2087:
2081:
2051:
2046:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1416:BBC News Pidgin
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1239:. 24 April 1990
1231:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1108:. AuthorHouse.
1100:
1096:
1089:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1002:
986:
982:
971:
967:
958:
957:
953:
943:
941:
933:
932:
928:
901:The World Today
893:
889:
879:
877:
868:
867:
863:
850:
846:
819:
812:
802:
800:
791:
790:
786:
776:
774:
764:
760:
753:
739:
738:
734:
724:
722:
711:
707:
692:
685:
675:
673:
663:Washington Post
655:
651:
641:
639:
630:
629:
622:
612:
610:
600:
593:
589:
584:
583:
566:
562:
557:
510:25 October 2021
462:Darfur conflict
370:2 February 1977
292:9 November 1959
266:Abdallah Khalil
237:
159:
158:
157:
156:
155:
141:
133:
132:
119:
111:
110:
100:
91:
90:
89:
76:
68:
67:
53:
45:
44:
36:orchestrated a
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2964:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2919:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2805:Public toilets
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2736:Child marriage
2733:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2616:Vice President
2613:
2608:
2606:Prime Minister
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2585:September Laws
2578:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2477:South Kordofan
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2447:North Kordofan
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2422:Central Darfur
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2380:Climate change
2376:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2267:2023 Civil war
2264:
2259:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2177:Communist coup
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086: articles
2080:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1902:
1895:
1894:
1862:
1830:
1800:
1767:
1728:
1702:
1676:
1651:
1625:
1599:
1576:
1562:
1548:
1518:
1507:on 7 July 2022
1486:
1456:
1442:
1428:
1403:
1390:اندبندنت عربية
1376:
1350:
1324:
1297:
1272:
1250:
1224:
1198:
1187:. 7 April 1985
1172:
1161:. 7 April 1985
1147:
1136:. 7 April 1985
1121:
1114:
1094:
1087:
1067:
1040:
1007:
1000:
980:
965:
951:
926:
907:(6): 259–268.
887:
861:
844:
810:
784:
758:
751:
732:
719:اندبندنت عربية
705:
683:
649:
620:
590:
588:
585:
582:
581:
559:
558:
556:
553:
552:
551:
529:
526:Abdalla Hamdok
507:
497:
475:
465:
443:
433:
423:
417:
410:Omar al-Bashir
395:
385:
367:
356:Sadiq al-Mahdi
345:
331:
324:Hashem al Atta
317:
306:Jaafar Nimeiry
299:
289:
282:Ibrahim Abboud
263:Prime Minister
256:
253:Jaafar Nimeiry
236:
233:
161:Since gaining
142:
135:
134:
120:
113:
112:
101:
94:
93:
92:
77:
70:
69:
54:
47:
46:
29:
22:
21:
20:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2963:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2753:Ethnic groups
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:West Kordofan
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:Peace process
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:War in Darfur
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1587:
1580:
1572:
1566:
1558:
1552:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1260:
1254:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1213:. 1 July 1989
1212:
1208:
1202:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1117:
1115:9781504943468
1111:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1088:9781847010292
1084:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1003:
997:
993:
992:
984:
976:
969:
962:. p. 41.
961:
955:
940:
936:
930:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
891:
875:
871:
865:
857:
856:
848:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
817:
815:
798:
794:
788:
773:
769:
762:
754:
748:
744:
743:
736:
720:
716:
709:
701:
697:
690:
688:
672:
668:
664:
660:
653:
637:
633:
627:
625:
609:
605:
598:
596:
591:
578:
574:
570:
564:
560:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:15 April 2023
530:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
508:
505:
501:
498:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:11 April 2019
476:
473:
469:
466:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
444:
441:
437:
434:
431:
427:
424:
421:
420:23 April 1990
418:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
393:
389:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
368:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
343:
339:
335:
332:
329:
325:
321:
318:
315:
311:
307:
303:
300:
297:
293:
290:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:1958 election
267:
264:
260:
257:
254:
250:
246:
242:
239:
238:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
183:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
154:
150:
146:
139:
131:
127:
123:
117:
109:
105:
98:
88:
84:
80:
74:
66:
62:
58:
51:
43:
40:with General
39:
35:
32:
26:
2835:Architecture
2743:Demographics
2657:Central Bank
2571:Human rights
2550:
2546:Constitution
2472:South Darfur
2442:North Darfur
2125:Islamization
2042:2023 attempt
2017:2012 attempt
2012:2008 attempt
2007:2004 attempt
2002:1992 attempt
1997:1990 attempt
1977:1976 attempt
1972:1975 attempt
1957:1959 attempt
1947:1957 attempt
1928:
1885:. Retrieved
1874:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1842:
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1812:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1782:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1742:The Guardian
1741:
1731:
1721:21 September
1719:. Retrieved
1715:
1705:
1695:21 September
1693:. Retrieved
1688:
1679:
1669:21 September
1667:. Retrieved
1663:
1654:
1644:21 September
1642:. Retrieved
1637:
1628:
1616:. Retrieved
1612:
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1579:
1565:
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1535:the original
1530:
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1505:the original
1498:
1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1473:the original
1468:
1459:
1445:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1389:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1363:سبوتنيك عربي
1362:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1336:
1327:
1315:. Retrieved
1310:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1284:
1275:
1265:30 September
1263:. Retrieved
1253:
1243:30 September
1241:. Retrieved
1236:
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1210:
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1184:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1158:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1133:
1124:
1104:
1097:
1077:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1053:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1019:
1010:
990:
983:
974:
968:
959:
954:
942:. Retrieved
938:
929:
904:
900:
890:
878:. Retrieved
873:
864:
854:
847:
822:
801:. Retrieved
797:the original
787:
775:. Retrieved
771:
761:
741:
735:
723:. Retrieved
718:
708:
699:
676:11 September
674:. Retrieved
662:
652:
642:11 September
640:. Retrieved
635:
611:. Retrieved
607:
563:
398:30 June 1989
388:6 April 1985
382:Juba airport
320:19 July 1971
314:16 year rule
206:
199:
167:coups d'état
163:independence
160:
2892:Photography
2887:Decorations
2647:Agriculture
2575:LGBT rights
2536:Ambassadors
2482:West Darfur
2427:East Darfur
2345:Butterflies
2172:Nimeiry Era
1691:(in Arabic)
1541:8 September
1511:8 September
1479:8 September
1392:(in Arabic)
1313:(in Arabic)
1056:(in Arabic)
721:(in Arabic)
613:8 September
446:10 May 2008
348:2 July 1976
302:25 May 1969
106:deposed PM
63:deposed PM
2940:Categories
2872:Literature
2758:minorities
2684:(currency)
2601:Parliament
2556:Corruption
2492:White Nile
2462:River Nile
2412:Al Qadarif
1844:al-Arabiya
1823:25 October
1793:25 October
1664:Al Jazeera
1001:0253332028
803:12 October
777:27 October
587:References
512:: General
426:March 1992
414:overthrown
304:: Colonel
189:soft coups
65:al-Mahgoub
2795:Squatting
2770:Languages
2748:Education
2700:Transport
2664:Companies
2611:President
2561:Elections
2505:Districts
2417:Blue Nile
2315:Volcanoes
2305:Mountains
2283:Geography
2237:2019 coup
2207:1989 coup
2192:1985 coup
2167:1969 coup
2162:1958 coup
1750:0261-3077
1689:Suna-News
1337:Aljazeera
1028:0362-4331
944:24 August
913:0043-9134
839:257268269
671:0190-8286
241:June 1957
178:self coup
153:2021 coup
130:2019 coup
126:1989 coup
122:al-Bashir
104:1989 coup
87:1985 coup
61:1969 coup
2925:Category
2850:Clothing
2785:Religion
2780:Refugees
2731:Polygamy
2726:Marriage
2690:Taxation
2591:Military
2581:Islamism
2524:Politics
2452:Northern
2437:Khartoum
2360:Reptiles
2320:Wildlife
2135:Mahdiyya
2120:Medieval
2105:Timeline
1881:Archived
1876:Barron's
1849:Archived
1817:Archived
1787:Archived
1760:16 April
1754:Archived
1638:BBC News
1592:12 April
1421:8 August
1396:8 August
1369:8 August
1343:8 August
1317:8 August
1290:8 August
1217:18 March
1191:18 March
1165:19 March
1140:19 March
1054:سودانايل
921:40393412
874:سودانايل
700:Alrakoba
636:BBC News
458:Omdurman
454:Khartoum
416:in 2019.
322:: Major
231:region.
227:and the
225:Khartoum
108:al-Mahdi
55:After a
2916:Outline
2865:History
2822:Culture
2800:Toilets
2790:Slavery
2714:Society
2652:Banking
2635:Economy
2541:Cabinet
2457:Red Sea
2432:Kassala
2330:Mammals
2295:Geology
2145:History
2093:History
1887:27 June
1855:23 June
1783:Reuters
1716:AP NEWS
1618:21 July
1613:Reuters
1531:Reuters
1311:Alaraby
1060:25 July
1033:25 July
939:uca.edu
880:30 July
725:29 July
546:led by
452:raided
378:Anyanya
171:Bolivia
79:Nimeiry
2855:Emblem
2845:Cinema
2830:Anthem
2765:Health
2682:Pound
2677:Energy
2669:Dinar
2510:Cities
2467:Sennar
2407:Gezira
2399:States
2385:Floods
2340:Horses
2310:Rivers
1748:
1112:
1085:
1026:
998:
919:
911:
837:
749:
669:
544:SPLM-N
542:. The
540:Darfur
484:after
400:: The
372:: The
276:, the
229:Darfur
201:Putsch
191:, and
180:, the
149:Hamdok
59:, the
42:Abboud
34:Khalil
2897:Sport
2882:Music
2877:Media
2812:Women
2551:Coups
2350:Moths
2335:Birds
2325:Fauna
2300:Lakes
2212:RCCNS
2084:Sudan
2026:2021
1588:. CNN
917:JSTOR
835:S2CID
555:Notes
235:Coups
147:, PM
2860:Flag
2775:LGBT
2022:2019
1992:1989
1987:1985
1967:1971
1962:1969
1952:1958
1889:2023
1857:2023
1825:2021
1795:2021
1762:2023
1746:ISSN
1723:2021
1697:2021
1671:2021
1646:2021
1620:2023
1594:2019
1543:2023
1513:2023
1481:2023
1423:2023
1398:2023
1371:2023
1345:2023
1319:2023
1292:2023
1267:2019
1245:2019
1219:2019
1193:2019
1167:2019
1142:2019
1110:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1062:2023
1035:2023
1024:ISSN
996:ISBN
946:2023
909:ISSN
882:2023
805:2009
779:2021
747:ISBN
727:2023
678:2023
667:ISSN
644:2023
615:2023
456:and
374:Juba
284:and
197:1959
195:and
193:1957
186:2019
184:and
182:1985
175:1958
2840:Art
1813:BBC
827:doi
573:BBC
143:As
81:’s
2942::
1873:.
1841:.
1811:.
1785:.
1781:.
1752:.
1744:.
1740:.
1714:.
1687:.
1662:.
1636:.
1611:.
1529:.
1497:.
1467:.
1414:.
1388:.
1361:.
1335:.
1309:.
1283:.
1235:.
1209:.
1183:.
1132:.
1018:.
937:.
915:.
905:18
903:.
899:.
872:.
833:.
813:^
770:.
717:.
686:^
665:.
661:.
634:.
623:^
606:.
594:^
520:.
336::
251:.
31:PM
2587:)
2583:(
2577:)
2573:(
2076:e
2069:t
2062:v
1921:e
1914:t
1907:v
1891:.
1859:.
1827:.
1797:.
1764:.
1725:.
1699:.
1673:.
1648:.
1622:.
1596:.
1545:.
1515:.
1483:.
1425:.
1400:.
1373:.
1347:.
1321:.
1294:.
1269:.
1247:.
1221:.
1195:.
1169:.
1144:.
1118:.
1091:.
1064:.
1037:.
1004:.
948:.
923:.
884:.
841:.
829::
807:.
781:.
755:.
729:.
702:.
680:.
646:.
617:.
316:.
298:.
203:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_(cropped).jpg)