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52:
2830:. The court is made up of a judge advocate, and between three and seven (depending on the seriousness of the offence) officers and warrant officers. Rulings on matters of law are made by the judge advocate alone, whilst decisions on the facts are made by a majority of the members of the court, not including the judge advocate, and decisions on sentence by a majority of the court, this time including the judge advocate.
2515:
2574:, cover not only incidents involving recourse to violence but many other activities, non-violent protests, political and cultural statements and the way Palestinians are allowed to move or associate with each other. Some of the problematic facets of the system Palestinian prisoners are subject to are, according to sociology professor
2395:
If the case does not warrant a punishment greater than a fine or a disciplinary punishment, the punishment is given summarily by the company, battalion or brigade commander, depending on severity of the crime. If the brigade commander feels that the crime warrants a punishment more severe than he can
2327:
The
Military Court of the Chinese People's Liberation Army is the highest level military court (High Military Court, a special people's court executing the authority of the High People's Court) established by the People's Republic of China within the Chinese People's Liberation Army with jurisdiction
2296:
In Canada, there is a two-tier military trial system. Summary trials are presided over by superior officers, while more significant matters are heard by courts martial, which are presided over by independent military judges serving under the independent Office of the Chief
Military Judge. Appeals are
2687:
are tried under a court martial for offences pertaining to the most serious offences against the Armed Forces
Discipline Act 1971. Offences such as mutiny, murder, sexual offences, serious assaults, drug offences, or offences where the maximum punishment exceeds a 7-year prison term will be heard by
2722:
then acts as the second instance; in addition, cassation appeals against judgments rendered in the second instance are heard in the
Criminal Chamber. The military courts are therefore subject to the adjudicatory supervision of the Supreme Court (which, by the way, follows from Article 183(1) of the
2407:
Courts-martial proper are instituted only during a war, by decree of the government. Such courts-martial have jurisdiction over all crimes committed by military persons. In addition, they may handle criminal cases against civilians in areas where ordinary courts have ceased operation, if the matter
2368:
In
Finland, the military has jurisdiction over two types of crimes: those that can be committed only by military personnel and those normal crimes by military persons where both the defendant and the victim are military persons or organizations and the crime has been defined in law as falling under
2228:
have a standard court-martial which convenes whenever a ship is lost; this does not presume that the captain is suspected of wrongdoing, but merely that the circumstances surrounding the loss of the ship be made part of the official record. Most military forces maintain a judicial system that tries
2759:
Act, any commissioned officer is allowed to represent servicemen when they are tried for military offences in the military courts. The cases are heard at the Court-Martial Centre at Kranji Camp II. Some of the courts martial in
Singapore include that of Capt. G. R. Wadsworth in 1946 due to use of
2717:
In Poland, military courts are military garrison courts and military district courts. They are criminal courts with jurisdiction over offences committed by soldiers in active military service, as well as certain offences committed by civilian military personnel and soldiers of the armed forces of
2461:
There are four kinds of courts-martial in India. These are the
General Court Martial (GCM), District Court Martial (DCM), Summary General Court Martial (SGCM) and Summary Court Martial (SCM). According to the Army Act, army courts can try personnel for all kinds of offenses, except for murder and
2399:
The crimes with military jurisdiction are handled by the civilian district court which has a special composition. In military cases, the court consists of a civilian legally trained judge and two military members: an officer and a warrant officer, an NCO or a private soldier. The verdict and the
3013:
Fives and Jesse, both serving in the Grand Army of the
Republic, act against orders from their acting superior in a war situation and in revenge are threatened with court-martial and consequent execution. They found themselves court-martialed and about to be executed by firing squad in the next
2653:
which deals not only with military cases, but also with acts of high treason, sabotage, organized forms of terrorism and crimes against humanity. It is composed of two magistrates of a civilian Court of Appeal, one judge of a civilian
District Court and one Lieutenant-Colonel (or higher) of the
2448:
The first chapter of the procedural part of the
Military Penal Code (MPC) regulates the matters related to the courts and judicial persons that make up the Military Justice. Specifically in article 167 of the MPC, it is defined that criminal justice in the Army is awarded by the military courts
2400:
sentence are decided by a majority of votes. However, the court cannot give a more severe sentence than the learned member supports. The appeals can be made as in civilian trials. If a court of appeals handles a military matter, it will have an officer member with at least a major's rank. The
2718:
foreign countries (Article 647 of the Code of Criminal Procedure). Garrison courts rule in the first instance, appeals against their decisions and orders are heard by district courts, which also have first-instance jurisdiction in the most serious cases. The Criminal Chamber of
2708:
who hear the defence and prosecution evidence during court martial. Punishment on guilty findings of a defendant will see them face being charged with a punishment such as serious reprimand, loss of rank, dismissal from the NZDF, or being sent to military or civilian prison.
2258:
Courts-martial have the authority to try a wide range of military offences, many of which closely resemble civilian crimes like fraud, theft or perjury. Others, like cowardice, desertion, and insubordination, are purely military crimes. Military offences are defined in the
2249:
Usually, a court-martial takes the form of a trial with a presiding judge, a prosecutor and a defense attorney (all trained lawyers as well as officers). The precise format varies from one country to another and may also depend on the severity of the accusation.
2955:, the main character of "Tommo" reflects on the childhoods of himself and his brother, Charlie as Charlie awaits a court martial during WWI, which he receives at the end of the story for disobeying orders and cowardice in the face of the enemy.
2567:, modeled partially on the British military court system set up in 1937, was established in 1967, and had been called the institutional centerpiece of the occupation, and within it West Bank Palestinians are treated as "foreign civilians".
3507:
2408:
is urgent. Such courts-martial have a learned judge as a president and two military members: an officer and an NCO, warrant officer or a private soldier. The verdicts of a war-time court-martial can be appealed to a court of appeals.
2615:), composed of one colonel as presiding judge, two lieutenant colonels as judge, one lieutenant colonel as military prosecuting attorney, and one major as clerk of court. This level of military court only applies during wartime.
2352:
2699:
judge and they preside over the trial. Defendants are assigned legal counsel, and for the prosecution, a lawyer is assigned who generally comes from a military background. The judge advocate is usually made up of senior NZDF
2485:"Military tribunals may be established for the trial of offences against military law alleged to have been committed by persons while subject to military law and also to deal with a state of war or armed rebellion."
2498:
The General Court-Martial (GCM) is tried by a Military Judge and a board of five members of the Defence Forces. The GCM has no sentencing limit. Officers of Lieutenant-Colonel rank and higher can only be tried by a
2578:; prolonged detention of suspects incommunicado, impeding a client's access to his lawyer, the routine use of coercion under interrogation to obtain confessions and the introduction of "secret evidence".
2241:
Court-martial is hyphenated in US usage, whether used as a noun or verb. However, in British usage, a hyphen is used to distinguish between the noun, "court martial", and the verb, "to court-martial".
3384:
3513:
3077:
2283:(UCMJ). These offences, as well as their corresponding punishments and instructions on how to conduct a court-martial, are explained in detail based on each country and/or service.
2341:
3585:
2608:), composed of one colonel as presiding judge, two lieutenant colonels as judge, one lieutenant colonel as military prosecuting attorney, and one major as clerk of court.
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2322:
2747:
was court martialled for violating two articles of the Articles of War for the alleged Php 303 million Peso Money Laundering/Plunder and direct Bribery against him.
2268:
2392:
or by civilian police, but trivial cases are investigated by the defendant's own unit. The civilian police has always the right to take the case from the military.
2495:
The Limited Court-Martial (LCM) is tried by a Military Judge and a board of three members of the Defence Forces. Sentences are limited to two years imprisonment.
3871:
2594:), composed of one major as presiding judge, two captains as judge, one captain as military prosecuting attorney, and one second lieutenant as clerk of court.
3392:
2601:), composed of one lieutenant colonel as presiding judge, two majors as judge, one major as military prosecuting attorney, and one captain as clerk of court.
2445:"Special laws define: a. Those related to military courts, naval courts and air courts, to the jurisdiction of which private individuals cannot be subject".
3551:
2586:
In Indonesia, any criminal offense conducted by military personnel will be held in trial by military court. There are four levels of military jurisdiction:
2388:
In crimes where the military has jurisdiction, the military conducts the investigation. In non-trivial cases, this is done by the investigative section of
2442:
The existence of military courts, naval courts and air courts is provided for in the Constitution of Greece, which in article 96 paragraph 4 states that:
2827:
2872:, which contains the Rules for Courts-Martial, Military Rules of Evidence, and other guidance. There are three types: Special, Summary, and General.
2972:
pilot Edward Glenn, brother of Alan Glenn, one the principal characters, charged with a range of offences relating to a dangerous flight manœuvre.
2671:. This section consists of a military member and two civilian judges. The decision whether or not to prosecute is primarily made by the (civilian)
2423:
3799:
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in 1949) establishes in Art. 96 para. 2 that courts-martial can be established by federal law. Such courts-martial would take action in a
3006:
2450:
2688:
court martial. Below this 7-year threshold the accused is dealt with by their commanding officer in what is known as a summary trial.
3910:
1111:
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1543:
3591:
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The Field Court Martial of the Finnish 15th Brigade in July 1944. (declassified by the Finnish government in 2006 showing the
3834:
3755:
3732:
3684:
3656:
3534:
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The Summary Court-Martial (SCM) is tried by a Military Judge sitting alone. Sentences are limited to six months imprisonment.
2639:
which is composed of one lieutenant-colonel (or higher), one captain (or higher) and one civilian judge of a District Court.
116:
3866:
2298:
3569:
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Most commonly, courts-martial in the United States are convened to try members of the U.S. military for violations of the
88:
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1899:
187:
30:
This article is about the formal application of military law and justice. For the summary form of military justice, see
3349:
3341:
3336:
2094:
1872:
482:
3826:
3694:
Goldstein, Michael (Winter 1978). "Israeli Security Measures in the Occupied Territories: Administrative Detention".
2848:(UCMJ), which is the U.S. military's criminal code. However, they can also be convened for other purposes, including
1548:
135:
95:
3856:
2911:, is sentenced to death, and is hanged. The novella has been adapted for the stage, film and television; notably in
2845:
2280:
2193:, and, if the defendant is found guilty, to decide upon punishment. In addition, courts-martial may be used to try
1626:
2744:
2509:
2377:, while the latter category includes civilian crimes such as murder, assault, theft, fraud and forgery. However,
1971:
1609:
1396:
236:
3861:
3724:
2977:
1735:
102:
73:
69:
38:
17:
2309:
was the last Canadian soldier executed pursuant to a court martial, in 1945, having been convicted of murder.
2217:'s own forces. Finally, courts-martial can be convened for other purposes, such as dealing with violations of
3903:
3081:
2696:
2152:
1599:
3211:(Act on maintenance of military discipline and crime fighting in the Defense Forces). Retrieved 2015-0i-30.
2185:
or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of members of the
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establishes the court martial as a permanent standing court. Previously courts-martial were convened on an
2728:
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548:
84:
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The Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza is the longest military occupation in modern times.
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1991:
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episode "The Battle" it was stated that, as the loss of a starship was a court martial offense,
4099:
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3767:
2930:
2904:
2787:
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military jurisdiction. The former category includes military offences such as various types of
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1944:
1919:
1641:
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1301:
897:
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320:
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31:
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to pardon, reprieve, respite or remission of punishment or sentence given by a court martial.
3744:"Judicial Rejection as Substantial Relief: The Israeli Supreme Court and the "War on Terror""
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3101:
2999:
2815:
2467:
2374:
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1533:
1466:
1419:
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994:
912:
864:
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Playfair, Emma (Fall 1988). "Israel's Security Needs in the West Bank, Real and Contrived".
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is composed of two high magistrates of a civilian Court of Appeal and one Major (or higher).
3131:
2667:, members of the military are tried by a special military section of the civilian court in
2620:
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Jalame Prison (Kishon Detention Center), located at the depopulated Palestinian village of
2272:
1924:
1826:
1683:
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1496:
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659:
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8:
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773:
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2989:, zealously prosecuted by Phillipa Louvois. In the end, he was absolved of all charges.
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insubordinate language and, in the modern day, misbehaviour by conscripted servicemen.
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2109:
1964:
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episode, although the final execution did not happen despite them being found guilty
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officer accused of killing a foreign officer during a military exercise, and that of
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2001:
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1021:
974:
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3821:. (Charleston: J. Hoff, 1809), republished (New York: Lawbook Exchange, June 2007),
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4002:
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give, he refers the case to the local district attorney who commences prosecution.
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2016:
1909:
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649:
472:
449:
356:
285:
214:
197:
3877:
3552:"Mindef course trains defending officers who represent court-martialled personnel"
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the same as the defendant if the rank of the defendant is higher than the judges.
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3818:
A Treatise on Martial Law, and Courts-Martial as Practiced in the United States
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in the West Bank, and considers Israel's control of the area to be the longest
2545:
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rape of a civilian, which are primarily tried by a civilian court of law. The
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1852:
1276:
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1214:
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Courting Conflict: The Israeli Military Court System in the West Bank and Gaza
3374:
Pierre Majerus, L'État luxembourgeois, p 269, publ. Editpress, Luxembourg 1990
3333:
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 31 Tahun 1997 Tentang Peradilan Militer
4093:
4068:
3931:
3335:[Law No. 31/1997 Regarding Military Court] (Law 31) (in Indonesian).
3010:
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2791:
2779:
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1951:
1939:
1795:
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Amnesty International Report 2017/18: The State of the World's Human Rights
2570:
The measures it applies, combining elements of colonial administration and
2138:
2064:
2044:
2039:
1934:
1879:
1513:
1508:
1331:
1246:
989:
723:
624:
421:
325:
3162:"A keen soldier: the execution of second world war private harold pringle"
2233:
have no courts-martial in times of peace and use civilian courts instead.
3992:
3867:
Website for the Office of the Chief Military Judge of the Canadian Forces
3209:
Laki sotilaskurinpidosta ja rikostorjunnasta puolustusvoimissa (255/2014)
3119:
2853:
2798:) to establish court regulations. In wartime or during the imposition of
2664:
2575:
2571:
2553:
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2218:
2213:
for war crimes be subject to the same procedures as would be the holding
2049:
1800:
1765:
1604:
1291:
1256:
964:
907:
810:
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315:
310:
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3002:) deals almost entirely with the court martial of two enlisted Marines.
4063:
4053:
4010:
3946:
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3023:
2899:
2488:
There are three classes of courts martial in the Irish Defence Forces:
2378:
2357:
2006:
1976:
1698:
1062:
3862:
Congressional Research Service Report for Congress 2004, United States
3407:"Ustawa z dnia 21 sierpnia 1997 r. - Prawo o ustroju sądów wojskowych"
4038:
3857:
2002 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM), United States
2530:
2198:
1996:
1820:
1770:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1570:
1361:
1356:
1321:
758:
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was abolished generally in 1976, and for military offences in 1998.
2229:
defendants for breaches of military discipline. Some countries like
51:
2701:
2214:
2186:
2011:
1986:
1619:
1251:
1226:
839:
394:
268:
3888:
2449:(military courts, air courts, naval courts, review court) and the
3226:"Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz, GG)"
2021:
1981:
1745:
1579:
1575:
917:
902:
778:
439:
434:
404:
343:
305:
2631:
In Luxembourg, there are three levels of military jurisdiction:
2342:
Political and Legal Committee of the Central Military Commission
3432:"Ustawa z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. - Kodeks postępowania karnego"
2668:
2534:
2514:
2230:
2225:
1528:
924:
741:
477:
3748:
Courts and Terrorism: Nine Nations Balance Rights and Security
2903:(first published 1924), the title character is convicted at a
3848:
Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM), United States (2008 Edition)
2210:
2182:
999:
535:
530:
2958:
Several courts-martial occur in the British naval TV series
2731:
has superior organizational and administrative supervision.
295:
290:
2907:
of striking and killing his superior officer on board HMS
2404:
has, in military cases, two general officers as members.
2263:
for members of the British Military. Regulations for the
168:
3741:
3277:
2336:), organized as a unit under the dual leadership of the
3267:
3265:
2774:
The governing law in Thailand's military courts is the
3193:. (Act on military trials). Retrieved 30 August 2015.
3391:(in Dutch), Hoge Raad der Nederlanden, archived from
3301:
3097:"Jurisdiction of Naval Courts Martial over Civilians"
2691:
During court martial the appointed judge is either a
3811:, (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1841) 154 pages.
3742:
Hoffnung, Menachem; Weinshall–Margel, Keren (2010).
3536:
Opening Ceremony of the New SAF Court-Martial Centre
3262:
37:"Court Martial" redirects here. For other uses, see
3313:
3289:
3150:
at dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 23 Feb 2018.
2466:can use his judicial power under Article 72 of the
76:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3672:The Way to the Spring: Life and Death in Palestine
3483:"Convicted AFP comptroller Carlos Garcia released"
3009:'s 2011 fourth season's episode "Plan of Dissent"
3005:In the 2008 to 2014 sci-fiction animated TV show "
2964:, including notably that of Lieutenant Palfrey, a
4091:
3750:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 150–167.
3746:. In Volcansek, Mary L.; Stack, John F. (eds.).
2802:, military courts may adopt special procedures.
3587:SAF soldiers damage new cars in illegal joyride
3072:
3094:
2860:. Courts-martial are governed by the rules of
2328:over the nation's armed forces (including the
3904:
3638:"Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories"
3512:, Attorney-General's Chambers, archived from
2739:In 2005, ex-AFP Major General Carlos Garcia (
2146:
3078:"Persons Who Can Be Tried by Court-Martial"
2743:Class of 1971, assigned comptroller of the
2364:against the Soviet Union from 1939 to 1945)
3911:
3897:
3665:
3283:
3136:at Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 23 Feb 2018.
2153:
2139:
3872:The Court Martial Act 2007 of New Zealand
3693:
2985:was court-martialled for the loss of the
2822:basis with several traditions, including
152:Illustration of a naval court-martial by
136:Learn how and when to remove this message
3764:
3509:Singapore Armed Forces Act (CHAPTER 295)
3166:National Defence and the Canadian Forces
2938:is court-martialled for the loss of HMS
2879:
2513:
2351:
1112:List of military strategies and concepts
147:
3480:
3457:"Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"
2884:A court-martial scene in the 1954 film
2482:, which states in Article 38.4.1 that:
2478:Courts martial are provided for in the
2221:, and can involve civilian defendants.
14:
4092:
3716:
3549:
3350:"Uu 31 Tahun 1997 - Peradilan Militer"
3319:
3307:
3295:
3271:
3204:
3202:
3186:
3184:
3182:
2725:Constitution of the Republic of Poland
2434:or against soldiers abroad or at sea.
3892:
3191:Sotilasoikeudenkäyntilaki. (326/1983)
3159:
2942:. He is "most honourably acquitted".
2875:
2812:Military Courts of the United Kingdom
2784:พระราชบัญญัติธรรมนูญศาลทหาร พ.ศ. ๒๔๙๘
2385:are not under military jurisdiction.
2776:Military Court Organisation Act 1955
2552:maintains that Israel does not have
2432:State of Defense (Verteidigungsfall)
2299:Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada
74:adding citations to reliable sources
45:
4074:Truth and reconciliation commission
3918:
3636:
3199:
3179:
2840:Courts-martial of the United States
24:
3789:
3550:Cheong, Danson (31 January 2016),
3481:Cabalza, Dexter (12 August 2023).
2563:The military court system for the
27:Judicial action in military forces
25:
4111:
3878:"the definition of court-martial"
3841:
3387:[Military criminal-law],
3244:"Courts Martial - Defence Forces"
3095:James Snedeker (1 October 1949).
2805:
2846:Uniform Code of Military Justice
2833:
2826:. The court martial may try any
2810:The court martial is one of the
2540:, and under the jurisdiction of
2281:Uniform Code of Military Justice
186:
50:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3590:, The New Paper, archived from
3578:
3562:
3543:
3527:
3500:
3474:
3449:
3424:
3399:
3377:
3368:
3337:People's Representative Council
3325:
3236:
3120:Note about the military justice
3046:
2510:Palestinian prisoners in Israel
2279:offenses are covered under the
2253:
61:needs additional citations for
3809:The Practice of Courts Martial
3725:University of California Press
3558:, Singapore Press Holdings Ltd
3218:
3160:Clark, Andrew (14 July 2008).
3153:
3139:
3125:
3113:
3088:
3066:
3000:the play on which it was based
2978:Star Trek: The Next Generation
2734:
2678:
2658:
2613:Pengadilan Militer Pertempuran
2269:Queen's Regulations and Orders
2244:
2236:
39:Court Martial (disambiguation)
13:
1:
3082:Duke University School of Law
3034:
2626:
2286:
3059:
2750:
2581:
2303:Capital punishment in Canada
7:
3651:. 2018b. pp. 207–211.
3017:
2828:offence against service law
2770:Military courts of Thailand
2763:
1610:Military–industrial complex
1084:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
4116:
3629:
3574:, The Singapore Free Press
2837:
2767:
2507:
2473:
2415:
2411:
2347:
2316:
2277:United States Armed Forces
36:
29:
4024:
3970:
3924:
3539:, Government of Singapore
3007:Star Wars: The Clone Wars
2870:Manual for Courts-Martial
2795:
2783:
2712:
2685:New Zealand Defence Force
2599:Pengadilan Militer Tinggi
2503:
2437:
2291:
1674:Loss-of-strength gradient
526:Combat information center
3039:
2644:Military Court of Appeal
2619:The judges will receive
2611:Warzone Military Court (
2606:Pengadilan Militer Utama
2604:Supreme Military Court (
2456:
2402:Supreme Court of Finland
2330:People's Liberation Army
2312:
1992:Military science fiction
1477:Technology and equipment
893:List of military tactics
154:Charles Joseph Staniland
4059:Human rights commission
4049:Domestic violence court
3571:COURT MARTIAL DISSOLVED
3250:. Department of Defence
2852:and the enforcement of
2729:the Minister of Justice
2683:Service members of the
2550:international community
2480:Constitution of Ireland
2424:Basic Law (Grundgesetz)
2060:Wartime sexual violence
1816:Full-spectrum dominance
1627:Supply-chain management
3962:Problem-solving courts
3768:Arab Studies Quarterly
2905:drumhead court-martial
2890:
2788:Judge Advocate General
2786:). The act allows the
2757:Singapore Armed Forces
2693:New Zealand High Court
2522:
2365:
2338:Supreme People's Court
2319:Military court (China)
2179:postpositive adjective
1972:Awards and decorations
1945:Peace through strength
1920:Low-intensity conflict
1554:Conscientious objector
1427:Area of responsibility
156:
32:drumhead court-martial
3717:Hajjar, Lisa (2005).
3649:Amnesty International
3385:"Militair strafrecht"
3102:Notre Dame Law Review
2883:
2816:Armed Forces Act 2006
2597:High Military Court (
2533:remains under direct
2517:
2375:absence without leave
2355:
2334:People's Armed Police
2275:. For members of the
2261:Armed Forces Act 2006
559:Torpedo data computer
549:Ship gun fire-control
151:
3594:on 27 September 2016
3344:14 June 2009 at the
3029:Military trial films
2565:occupied territories
2273:National Defence Act
2177:, as "martial" is a
2090:Military occupations
1925:Military engineering
1827:Unrestricted Warfare
1684:Force multiplication
577:Military manoeuvrers
70:improve this article
3998:Mental health court
3815:Macomb, Alexander,
3697:Middle East Journal
3622:Sections 159 to 160
3613:Sections 154 to 157
3074:Robinson O. Everett
2651:Military High Court
2560:in modern history.
2558:military occupation
2527:Israeli settlements
2426:(adopted after the
2418:German military law
1776:Penal military unit
1761:Rules of engagement
1437:Command and control
1057:Operations research
521:Director (military)
511:Fire-control system
281:Command and control
162:Part of a series on
4079:Small claims court
3882:www.dictionary.com
3804:United States Army
2936:Horatio Hornblower
2891:
2876:Fictional examples
2858:occupied territory
2850:military tribunals
2649:At the top is the
2635:The lowest is the
2592:Pengadilan Militer
2523:
2464:President of India
2366:
2203:Geneva Conventions
1885:Counter-insurgency
1806:Command of the sea
1751:Jewish laws on war
1726:Geneva Conventions
1262:Divide and conquer
1052:Military operation
1017:Tactical objective
516:Fire-control radar
493:Electronic-warfare
157:
4087:
4086:
4007:
3957:Arbitral tribunal
3835:978-1-58477-709-0
3796:Macomb, Alexander
3757:978-1-139-49537-0
3734:978-0-520-24194-7
3686:978-1-783-78312-0
3658:978-0-86210-499-3
3556:The Straits Times
2796:เจ้ากรมพระธรรมนูญ
2720:the Supreme Court
2267:are found in the
2163:
2162:
2055:Horses in warfare
2002:Anti-war movement
1905:Gunboat diplomacy
1895:Disaster response
1843:Philosophy of war
1838:Principles of war
1811:Deterrence theory
1756:Right of conquest
1679:Lanchester's laws
1447:Principles of war
1137:Counter-offensive
1117:Military campaign
1022:Target saturation
945:Counterinsurgency
554:Gun data computer
488:Close air support
450:Aircraft carriers
146:
145:
138:
120:
16:(Redirected from
4107:
4044:Livability court
4005:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3784:
3761:
3738:
3713:
3690:
3662:
3642:
3623:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3436:isap.sejm.gov.pl
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3411:isap.sejm.gov.pl
3403:
3397:
3396:
3395:on 5 August 2009
3381:
3375:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3352:. Archived from
3340:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3206:
3197:
3196:
3188:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3157:
3151:
3143:
3137:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3070:
3053:
3050:
2952:Private Peaceful
2947:Michael Morpurgo
2913:Benjamin Britten
2887:The Caine Mutiny
2868:laid out in the
2797:
2785:
2706:warrant officers
2673:attorney general
2590:Military Court (
2520:Al-Jalama, Haifa
2428:Second World War
2362:Continuation War
2195:prisoners of war
2181:) is a military
2155:
2148:
2141:
1910:Humanitarian aid
1848:Security dilemma
1669:Power projection
1452:Economy of force
1432:Chain of command
1147:Defence in depth
1132:Commerce raiding
950:Defeat in detail
286:Defense ministry
190:
181:
180:
171:
159:
158:
141:
134:
130:
127:
121:
119:
78:
54:
46:
21:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4026:
4020:
4016:Veterans' court
3978:Community court
3966:
3937:Appellate court
3920:
3919:Types of courts
3917:
3876:
3844:
3792:
3790:Further reading
3787:
3758:
3735:
3687:
3667:Ehrenreich, Ben
3659:
3640:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3548:
3544:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3519:
3517:
3516:on 4 March 2016
3506:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3489:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3461:www.sejm.gov.pl
3455:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3356:on 14 June 2009
3348:
3346:Wayback Machine
3331:
3330:
3326:
3318:
3314:
3310:, pp. 3–4.
3306:
3302:
3294:
3290:
3284:Ehrenreich 2016
3282:
3278:
3270:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3230:www.iuscomp.org
3224:
3223:
3219:
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3114:
3093:
3089:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3020:
2992:The 1992 movie
2895:Herman Melville
2878:
2842:
2836:
2824:usage of swords
2808:
2772:
2766:
2753:
2737:
2715:
2681:
2661:
2629:
2584:
2546:military courts
2544:in the form of
2525:Outside of the
2512:
2506:
2476:
2459:
2440:
2420:
2414:
2390:Defence Command
2350:
2325:
2317:Main articles:
2315:
2294:
2289:
2271:as well as the
2265:Canadian Forces
2256:
2247:
2239:
2159:
2130:
2129:
2080:
2070:
2069:
2035:
2027:
2026:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1930:Multilateralism
1915:Law enforcement
1875:
1865:
1864:
1833:Just war theory
1791:
1781:
1780:
1731:Geneva Protocol
1701:
1691:
1690:
1664:
1654:
1653:
1595:
1585:
1584:
1492:
1482:
1481:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1377:
1367:
1366:
1297:Network-centric
1217:
1207:
1206:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1047:
1037:
1036:
985:Rapid dominance
890:
880:
879:
835:Electromagnetic
744:
734:
733:
720:
673:
621:
597:
587:
586:
582:Combat training
563:
540:
506:Combat systems:
502:
464:
460:Auxiliary ships
426:
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382:Military police
348:
271:
261:
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174:
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85:"Court-martial"
79:
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4082:
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4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4034:Court of Honor
4030:
4028:
4022:
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4019:
4018:
4013:
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3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
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3964:
3959:
3954:
3952:District court
3949:
3944:
3942:Superior court
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3843:
3842:External links
3840:
3839:
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3786:
3785:
3775:(4): 406–423.
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3389:Rechtspraak.nl
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3019:
3016:
3011:clone troopers
2995:A Few Good Men
2931:Flying Colours
2928:'s 1938 novel
2915:'s 1951 opera
2877:
2874:
2838:Main article:
2835:
2832:
2807:
2806:United Kingdom
2804:
2768:Main article:
2765:
2762:
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2733:
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2697:District Court
2680:
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2637:Council of War
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2621:temporary rank
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2416:Main article:
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2323:zh:中国人民解放军军事法院
2314:
2311:
2307:Harold Pringle
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2095:Military terms
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18:Courts-martial
9:
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3:
2:
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4100:Court-martial
4098:
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4069:Traffic court
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4003:Miners' court
4001:
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3989:
3986:
3984:
3983:Court-martial
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:Supreme court
3930:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3914:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3827:1-58477-709-5
3824:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3801:
3800:Major General
3797:
3794:
3793:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3740:
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3730:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3692:
3688:
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3678:
3674:
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3668:
3664:
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3646:
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3634:
3619:
3610:
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3573:
3572:
3565:
3557:
3553:
3546:
3538:
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3530:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3503:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3371:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3321:
3316:
3309:
3304:
3297:
3292:
3286:, p. 33.
3285:
3280:
3274:, p. 96.
3273:
3268:
3266:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3148:
3147:court martial
3142:
3135:
3134:
3133:court-martial
3128:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3065:
3049:
3045:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2970:Fleet Air Arm
2967:
2966:Royal Marines
2963:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2926:C.S. Forester
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2834:United States
2831:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2793:
2790:of Thailand (
2789:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2761:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2670:
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2652:
2648:
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2641:
2638:
2634:
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2624:
2622:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2538:military rule
2536:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2454:
2452:
2451:Supreme Court
2446:
2443:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2383:sexual crimes
2380:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2297:heard by the
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2251:
2242:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2205:require that
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:court-martial
2156:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Warrior caste
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1952:Show of force
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1940:Peacebuilding
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
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1828:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:Air supremacy
1794:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Islamic rules
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:Court-martial
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
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1666:
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1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Arms industry
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
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1485:
1478:
1475:
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1421:
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1415:
1408:
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1400:
1398:
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1388:
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1355:
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1350:
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1340:
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1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
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1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Broken-backed
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:Expeditionary
1067:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
940:Counterattack
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
894:
889:
884:
883:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
865:Psychological
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
801:Combined arms
799:
797:
794:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
743:
738:
737:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
713:
710:
709:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
678:
675:
674:
666:
663:
662:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
640:Fortification
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
626:
623:
622:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
600:
599:
596:
591:
590:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
461:
458:
456:
455:Landing craft
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
406:
403:
402:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
345:
341:
340:Standing army
338:
336:
333:
331:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
270:
265:
264:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
245:
242:
238:
235:
233:
232:pike and shot
230:
229:
228:
225:
221:
218:
217:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
202:
199:
194:
193:
189:
185:
184:
178:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
155:
150:
140:
137:
129:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87: –
86:
82:
81:Find sources:
75:
71:
65:
64:
59:This article
57:
53:
48:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3988:Health court
3982:
3925:By structure
3881:
3837:, 340 pages.
3816:
3808:
3772:
3766:
3747:
3719:
3704:(1): 35–44.
3701:
3695:
3677:Granta Books
3671:
3644:
3618:
3609:
3600:
3592:the original
3586:
3580:
3570:
3564:
3555:
3545:
3535:
3529:
3520:24 September
3518:, retrieved
3514:the original
3508:
3502:
3490:. Retrieved
3487:Inquirer.net
3486:
3476:
3464:. Retrieved
3460:
3451:
3439:. Retrieved
3435:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3410:
3401:
3393:the original
3388:
3379:
3370:
3358:. Retrieved
3354:the original
3327:
3322:, p. 5.
3315:
3303:
3298:, p. 2.
3291:
3279:
3252:. Retrieved
3247:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3213:(in Finnish)
3195:(in Finnish)
3169:. Retrieved
3165:
3155:
3146:
3141:
3132:
3127:
3115:
3106:
3100:
3090:
3068:
3048:
3004:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2960:
2957:
2950:
2944:
2939:
2929:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2898:
2892:
2885:
2843:
2819:
2809:
2775:
2773:
2754:
2738:
2716:
2690:
2682:
2662:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2630:
2618:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2569:
2562:
2524:
2487:
2484:
2477:
2468:constitution
2460:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2421:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2371:disobedience
2367:
2326:
2295:
2257:
2254:Jurisdiction
2248:
2240:
2223:
2191:military law
2187:armed forces
2174:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2065:Fifth column
2045:War resister
2040:Women in war
1935:Peacekeeping
1880:Arms control
1825:
1715:
1514:Mobilization
1509:Conscription
1467:Intelligence
1420:Organization
1061:
990:Encirclement
870:Radiological
806:Conventional
660:Subterranean
567:Development:
566:
543:
505:
467:
430:Naval units:
429:
422:Signal corps
389:
367:Intelligence
352:Specialties:
351:
276:Organization
227:Early modern
132:
123:
113:
106:
99:
92:
80:
68:Please help
63:verification
60:
43:
3993:Labor court
3360:12 February
3320:Hajjar 2005
3308:Hajjar 2005
3296:Hajjar 2005
3272:Hajjar 2005
3248:military.ie
2909:Indomitable
2897:'s novella
2854:martial law
2800:martial law
2735:Philippines
2679:New Zealand
2665:Netherlands
2659:Netherlands
2576:Lisa Hajjar
2572:martial law
2554:sovereignty
2542:martial law
2245:Composition
2237:Hyphenation
2219:martial law
2209:who are on
2189:subject to
2050:War studies
1873:Non-warfare
1801:Appeasement
1766:Martial law
1605:War economy
1544:Transgender
1497:Recruitment
1257:Containment
1142:Culminating
1122:Anti-access
1045:Operational
965:Envelopment
908:Air assault
789:Air cavalry
749:Air defence
729:Information
630:Cold-region
595:Battlespace
544:Historical:
390:Land units:
316:Space force
311:Coast guard
244:Late modern
205:Prehistoric
4064:Land court
4054:Drug court
4027:or dispute
4025:By offense
4011:Teen court
3947:High Court
3604:Section 50
3035:References
3024:Cashiering
2940:Sutherland
2934:, Captain
2918:Billy Budd
2900:Billy Budd
2755:Under the
2627:Luxembourg
2508:See also:
2379:war crimes
2358:Winter War
2287:By country
2199:war crimes
2110:War crimes
2100:Operations
2007:Foot drill
1977:Battle cry
1890:deterrence
1549:Harassment
1524:Specialism
1347:Technology
1342:Succession
1287:Liberation
1222:Asymmetric
1157:Empty fort
1063:Blitzkrieg
1032:Withdrawal
995:Investment
774:Camouflage
769:Biological
707:Underwater
682:Amphibious
601:Aerospace
468:Air units:
445:Submarines
254:fourth-gen
249:industrial
237:napoleonic
126:April 2013
96:newspapers
4039:DWI court
4006:(defunct)
3492:12 August
3060:Citations
2987:Stargazer
2949:'s novel
2862:procedure
2751:Singapore
2582:Indonesia
2531:West Bank
1997:War novel
1900:Grey-zone
1860:War games
1821:Overmatch
1771:War crime
1721:Desertion
1711:Ceasefire
1706:Armistice
1593:Logistics
1571:Mercenary
1559:Volunteer
1490:Personnel
1462:Engineers
1407:Sociology
1362:World war
1357:Total war
1337:Strategic
1327:Religious
1312:Political
1307:Perpetual
1282:Irregular
1197:Offensive
1172:Defensive
1167:Deception
1127:Attrition
975:Guerrilla
970:Formation
913:Airbridge
845:Loitering
759:Artillery
412:Artillery
362:Engineers
330:Irregular
301:Air force
4094:Category
3971:By party
3853:document
3781:41857980
3669:(2016).
3466:26 March
3441:26 March
3416:26 March
3342:Archived
3254:15 April
3171:8 August
3018:See also
2866:evidence
2764:Thailand
2702:officers
2340:and the
2332:and the
2215:military
2169:(plural
2012:War song
1987:War film
1620:Materiel
1539:Children
1519:Training
1457:Medicine
1442:Doctrine
1397:Training
1332:Resource
1317:Princely
1267:Economic
1252:Conquest
1247:Colonial
1242:Cold war
1227:Blockade
1107:Strategy
1079:Maneuver
840:Infantry
796:Chemical
650:Mountain
610:Airborne
473:Fighters
440:Warships
395:Infantry
321:Reserves
269:Military
3802:of the
3710:4325711
3630:Sources
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2727:), and
2663:In the
2535:Israeli
2474:Ireland
2412:Germany
2348:Finland
2125:Writers
2120:Weapons
2085:Battles
2034:Related
2022:Wargame
2017:Uniform
1965:Culture
1746:Perfidy
1741:Justice
1662:Science
1647:Outpost
1600:History
1580:Warrior
1576:Soldier
1564:foreign
1502:counter
1402:Service
1352:Theater
1292:Limited
1272:Endemic
1187:Nuclear
955:Foxhole
930:Cavalry
918:Airdrop
903:Airlift
888:Tactics
860:Nuclear
850:Missile
779:Cavalry
764:Barrage
742:Weapons
702:Surface
483:Command
478:Bombers
435:Frogman
405:Cavalry
377:Medical
344:Militia
326:Regular
306:Marines
220:castles
210:Ancient
198:History
177:outline
110:scholar
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2438:Greece
2292:Canada
2231:France
2226:navies
2201:. The
2105:Sieges
1789:Theory
1529:Morale
1387:Policy
1382:Branch
1162:Mosaic
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1027:Trench
1012:Screen
935:Charge
925:Battle
898:Aerial
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665:Tunnel
645:Jungle
635:Desert
605:Aerial
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2183:court
2078:Lists
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1472:Ranks
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1322:Proxy
1237:Class
1192:Naval
1177:Depth
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1000:Siege
980:Naval
960:Drone
855:Music
830:Robot
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754:Armor
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697:Green
692:Brown
655:Urban
615:Space
536:Radar
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335:Ranks
117:JSTOR
103:books
3831:ISBN
3823:ISBN
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