Covenant theology - Knowledge

3437:, under the same "substance" but different "administrations". The Covenant of Grace, the Old Covenant, and the New Covenant then, all have the same substance though only differ in the fact that the Old Covenant and the New Covenant constitute two separate administrations of that single substance. Covenant theology under the Second London Baptist Confession, in contrast, also sees the Covenant of Grace as beginning with The Fall in Genesis 3, and continuing through the Old Covenant and the New Covenant. But it sees the substance of the Covenant of Grace as being the same as the New Covenant, though not the Old Covenant. The Covenant of Grace, then, is the same thing as the New Covenant. As such, the Covenant of Grace coexists with the Old Covenant though is not the Old Covenant. Instead, under the Old Covenant it is a series of promises that point towards the New Covenant, and won't be realized until that point. 3449:, and as such consist of "types" and "antitypes", where the "type" is the explicit purpose of that covenant, but the "antitype" is the way in which that covenant points towards the promises of the Covenant of Grace through the New Covenant. Salvation was therefore possible for people under the Old Covenant through the Covenant of Grace if they had saving faith in these promises. Covenant theology under Westminster Federalism allows paedobaptism since it sees a greater continuity between the Old Covenant and the New Covenant. Covenant theology under 1689 Federalism, in contrast, supports credobaptism under the 3297:

covenant character, and is rightly considered as a mystery or sacrament. Of the blessings of this covenant it is the SIGN, holding forth the washing away of sin, and the pouring out of the Holy Ghost; and it is the SEAL, inasmuch as, being administered under the command of Christ, it is a constant PLEDGE of His unchangeably gracious intentions to those that believe and are baptized; while our submission to this rite is that act by which we accept and make ourselves parties to this covenant of grace and salvation, claiming its blessing, and binding ourselves to fulfil its conditions.

3445:

the New Covenant are several other covenants, in particular the covenant of Abraham, the covenant of Moses, and the covenant of David. But these covenants are "works and law" covenants and not "redemptive" covenants, since they exist only for specific earthly purposes in space and time, such as to allow Israel to live in the promised land under the conditions given in the covenant. Though their substance is different from the Covenant of Grace, and are therefore not part of that covenant, they do point to the promises in that covenant. They do this by drawing on

1225: 3441:

Covenant, the covenant is administered by "the preaching of the Word, and the administration of the sacraments" so that "there are not, therefore, two covenants of grace differing in substance, but one and the same under various dispensations. In contrast, the Second London Baptist Confession of Faith condenses this all down to say that the Covenant of Grace was revealed progressively over Old Testament history after Genesis 3 "by further steps, until the full discovery thereof was completed in the New Testament."

2409:

still be under condemnation. The gospel truth, however, is that Christ has performed the one act of righteousness and by His obedience of the one the many are made righteous (Rom 5:18, 19)… . Underlying Christ's mediatorship of a covenant of grace for the salvation of believers is His earthly fulfillment, through meritorious obedience, of His heavenly covenant of works with the Father. …What begins as a rejection of works ends up as an attack, however unintentional, on the biblical message of saving grace.

69: 2500: 672: 3465: 3174: 3256:: "The Apostle does not here oppose the covenant given by Moses, to the covenant given by Christ. …But it is the covenant of grace, which God, through Christ, hath established with men in all ages". The covenant of grace was therefore administered through "promises, prophecies, sacrifices, and at last by circumcision" during the patriarchal ages and through "the paschal lamb, the scape goat, the priesthood of Aaron" under 2471:

writes, "The function of law within Scripture is the maintenance of relationship, not the creation of relationship. Legal obligation is not the precondition for life and relationship. Rather, life and relationship form the necessary environment for obligation." While this view still affirms the necessity of the merit of Christ, it departs from Kline's construal of merit as a fundamental principle of the covenant of works.

1821:"You are to undergo circumcision, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and you. 12 For the generations to come every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised, including those born in your household or bought with money from a foreigner—those who are not your offspring. 13 Whether born in your household or bought with your money, they must be circumcised." 1831:, the promise is seen to extend to the children of believers as it always was in the Abrahamic Covenant. The Biblical covenants between God and man include signs and seals that visibly represent the realities behind the covenants. These visible signs and symbols of God's covenant redemption are administered in a corporate manner (for instance, to households—see 1102:. Although redemption motifs are prominent as Noah and his family are delivered from the judgment waters, the narrative of the flood plays on the creation motifs of Genesis 1 as de-creation and re-creation. The formal terms of the covenant itself more reflect a reaffirmation of the universal created order, than a particular redemptive promise. 1305:: (1) The Law of Moses was in first place a reenactment of the covenant of works; viewed this way, it is the ministration of condemnation and death. (2) It was also a national covenant, giving national blessings based on national obedience; in this way it was purely legal. (3) In the sacrificial system, it points to the 3296:

But as the entrance into the Jewish Church was by circumcision, so the entrance into the Christian Church is by baptism. Hence its administration is here prescribed to those who are made disciples, and as such disposed to become formally the members of Christ's Church. Hence it derives its federal or

3276:

This covenant, the blood of Christ, that is, the pouring forth of His blood as a sacrificial victim, at once procured and ratified; so that it stands firm to all truly penitent and contrite spirits who believe in Him: and of this great truth, the Lord's Supper was the instituted sign and seal; and he

2408:

If meritorious works could not be predicated of Jesus Christ as second Adam, then obviously there would be no meritorious achievement to be imputed to His people as the ground of their justification-approbation. The gospel invitation would turn out to be a mirage. We who have believed on Christ would

1742:

meal, to which he gave a radical reinterpretation. The festival of Passover commemorates the Israelites' deliverance from Egypt – specifically, how the lamb's blood which God commanded them to place on their door posts caused the Angel of Death to "pass over" their dwellings, so that their firstborn

2470:

On the other hand, Calvinist theologians more in line with Murray tend to say that works were never meant to be the basis for grace, but that grace precedes the call for obedience. Consequently, works are the necessary response to grace and not the precondition for it. For example, Michael Williams

1339:

Nehemiah 13:29 which refers to "the covenant of the priesthood and the Levites", Malachi 2:8 who speaks of "the covenant of Levi," and Jeremiah 33:21 who points to the "covenant with the Levitical priests." Van Dorn argues that the covenant document for this covenant is the book of Leviticus itself.

1812:

Covenant theologians argue that the Abrahamic Covenant is still in force, and that God's covenantal promise "to be your God and the God of your descendants after you" still stands for every believer. The argument that the administration of all (other) Biblical covenants, including the New Covenant,

3524:

Covenant theology is a hermeneutical framework that seeks to understand the Bible according to its covenantal structure. Covenant theology is particularly associated with Reformed theology, as the Reformed tradition has devoted much attention to studying the biblical covenants. As Dr. R. C. Sproul

3444:

Since the Covenant of Works and the Covenant of Grace are the only redemptive covenants, stemming from the Covenant of Redemption, salvation is only possible through the Covenant of Grace, as in the covenant theology of standard Westminster pedobaptist federalism. Between The Fall in Genesis 3 and

3440:

The Westminster Confession of Faith outlines this "one substance, two administrations" understanding by specifying that under the Old Covenant, the covenant was "administered by promises, prophecies, sacrifices, circumcision, the paschal lamb, and other types and ordinances", while under the New

2240:

Kline has argued that comparisons between the suzerain-vassal treaties and royal grants of the Ancient Near East provide insight in highlighting certain distinctive features of the Mosaic covenant as a law covenant, in contrast with the other historic post-Fall covenants. Many who have embraced

2387:

as a covenant is present in the early confessions even if the Covenant of Works is not explicitly named. Examples include Belgic Confession, article 14, which speaks of Adam having received and transgressed the "commandment of life"; or Heidelberg Catechism, Question and Answer 6 affirming the

1338:

Other commentators, such as Douglas Van Dorn, recognize a separate priestly covenant, independent of the Mosaic covenant (which he takes as a prophetic covenant). In taken with the Davidic (kingly) covenant, this represents the three offices of Christ. Van Dorn argues this case on the basis of

1033:

The covenant of grace runs through the Old and New Testaments, and is the same in substance under both the law and gospel, though there is some difference in the administration. Under the law, the sacrifices, prophesies, and other types and ordinances of the Jews signified Christ, and men were

3230:

The point of divergence is Wesley’s conviction that not only is the inauguration of the covenant of grace coincidental with the fall, but so is the termination of the covenant of works. This conviction is of supreme importance for Wesley in facilitating an Arminian adaptation of covenant

3291:

teaches: "The Baptismal Covenant is God's word to us, proclaiming our adoption by grace, and our word to God, promising our response of faith and love. Those within the covenant constitute the community we call the Church". Watson explicates Wesleyan-Arminian theology regarding baptism:

2286:

churches, Murray acknowledged the traditional concept of a works principle as a condition for life with Adam in the Garden of Eden, comparing Adam's works to the works of Christ. He disputed its label as a covenant, however, preferring to call this arrangement the Adamic administration.

3247:

were under the covenant of works, while on the other hand, all of their progeny are under the covenant of grace. With Mosaic Law belonging to the covenant of grace, all of humanity is brought "within the reach of the provisions of that covenant." This belief is reflected in

2417:, and others have sought to uphold the distinction of two sorts of covenant traditions: one based on merit, earned by obedience to law (works), and the other on promise (grace). While the consensus in Calvinist theology is that works are antithetical to grace as the means of 1048:) on the part of God, but also entailed conditions on the part of men. The conditions of the covenant of grace were spoken of as assumptive and confirmatory rather than duties required in order to receive the covenant. The covenant was therefore also bilateral or dipleuric ( 3338:

Every part of this law must remain in force upon all mankind in all ages, as not depending either on time or place, nor on any other circumstances liable to change; but on the nature of God and the nature of man, and their unchangeable relation to each other" (Wesley's

1602:

and few others proposed that the Mosaic Covenant is a third kind of substance, called the Subservient Covenant, as opposed to most covenant theologians Moses Amyraut did not hold that the two substances are only the "Covenant of Grace" and the "Covenant of Works".

3277:

who in faith drinks of the cup, having reference to its signification, that blood of Christ which confirms to true believers the whole covenant of grace, is assured thereby of its faithfulness and permanence, and derives to Himself the fulness of its blessings.

974:, and shows His redeeming care in clothing Adam and Eve in garments of skin—perhaps picturing the first instance of animal sacrifice. The specific covenants after the fall of Adam are seen as administered under the overarching theological covenant of grace. 4335:

The moral law contained in the Ten Commandments and enforced by the prophets, he (Christ) did not take away. It was not the design of His coming to revoke any part of this. This is a law which never can be broken. It stands fast as the faithful witness in

898:

God's covenantal relationship with God's creation is not made automatically or out of necessity. Rather, God chooses to establish the connection as a covenant, wherein the terms of the relationship are set down by God alone according to God's own will.

930:). God offered Adam a perfect and perpetual life if he did not violate God's single commandment, but warned that death would follow if he disobeyed that commandment. Adam broke the covenant, thus standing condemned as representative for all humankind. 1669:. Some covenant theologians have denied the intra-Trinitarian covenant of redemption, or have questioned the notion of the Son's works leading to the reward of gaining a people for God, or have challenged the covenantal nature of this arrangement. 2315:

to the believer. He argued that Jesus' own justification was due to His faith and obedience. In the same way then, the believer must be justified before God by faith and obedience. Shepherd's followers claim that the Covenant of Works between

1118:. In contrast with the covenants made with Adam or Noah which were universal in scope, this covenant was with a particular people. Abraham is promised a seed and a land, although he would not see its fruition within his own lifetime. The 1056:). Scholars have challenged the notion in contemporary scholarship that Genevan Reformers taught a unilateral and unconditional covenant relationship whilst the Rhineland Reformers taught a bilateral contractual relationship. Mark Jones, 2265:

have departed from the traditional recognition of a covenant of works in classical covenant theology to develop a monocovenantal scheme subsuming everything under one Covenant of Grace. The focus of all biblical covenants is then on

3380:

with God and the Church through the making of vows. On New Year's Eve, congregations belonging to various Methodist connexions, such as the United Methodist Church, Free Methodist Church and Pilgrim Holiness Church, conduct a

1214:

Romans 11 teaches disobedient Jews are broken off of the family tree of Abraham. It is only after the full number of the Gentiles have been grafted into Abraham's family tree that God will pour out His mercy on the people of

3421:, published in 1689. The principal difference between these two variants of covenant theology is their understanding of the Covenant of Grace. Standard Westminster covenant theology sees the Covenant of Grace beginning with 3226:, it discards the "predestinarian template of Reformed theology that was part and parcel of its historical development." The main difference between Wesleyan covenant theology and classical covenant theology is as follows: 2311:. His views involved a reconfiguration of covenant theology that went beyond those of Murray, his predecessor. Shepherd denied any notion of a works or merit principle, leading to a denial of the imputation of Christ's 957:

writes of a probationary period for Adam, a promise of life for obedience, and the federal headship of Adam, but he does not write of a covenant of works. It is not referred to as a covenant in the opening chapters of

2142:

There have been recent developments in classical covenant theology by Reformed (Calvinist) pastors and theologians. Wesleyan covenant theology, a variation of classical covenant theology, was designed by

1325:

a distinct and gracious covenant, involving circumcision of the heart, which foresees the embrace of the Gentiles and which is looked back upon as distinct from the Mosaic Covenant by the Apostle Paul in

1198:

According to covenant theology, Paul makes it clear that baptism is the external sign of faith in Christ ("…you were baptized into Christ…"), and that through faith in Christ the believer is part of the

1034:

justified by their faith in Him just as they would be under the gospel. These were done away with the coming of Christ, and replaced with the much simpler sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper.

5099: 1362:

proclaims that He will build a house and lineage for David, establishing His kingdom and throne forever. This covenant is appealed to as God preserves David's descendants despite their wickedness (

1817:, corporate inclusion, or "generational succession" is therefore of secondary importance to whether infants should be baptized or not. The familial nature of the Abrahamic covenant is undisputed. 1583:

because they are explicitly described in the Bible. Under the covenantal overview of the Bible, submission to God's rule and living in accordance with His moral law (expressed concisely in the

1192:

covenant is eternal, the followers of Christ are "children of Abraham" and therefore part of this covenant through faith. "Understand, then, that those who have faith are children of Abraham."

1942:), focused on the continuity of the covenant of grace, but taught the substance of what became classic covenant theology in terms of Law and Gospel. Early post-reformation writings, including 1022:

covenantal representative fulfilling the covenant of works on their behalf, in both the positive requirements of righteousness and its negative penal consequences (commonly described as His

2328:

was not originally part of covenant theology, following John Murray's observation that a covenant of works at creation does not receive explicit mention in early confessions such as the

1848:

is considered to be the visible New Testament sign of entrance into the Abrahamic Covenant and therefore may be administered individually to new believers making a public profession of

2392:(1646) explicitly names the Covenant of Works which Adam transgressed (7.2; 19.1), and which "continues to be a perfect rule of righteousness" in the form of the moral law (19.2, 3). 1677:

In Reformed theology, a sacrament is usually defined as a sign and seal of the covenant of grace. Since covenant theology today is mainly Reformed in its outlook, proponents view

949:

had mentioned a covenant of creation in 1562. The concept of the covenant of works became commonly recognized in Reformed theology by 1590, though not by all; some members of the

3231:

theology—first, by reconfiguring the reach of the covenant of grace; and second, by disallowing any notion that there is a reinvigoration of the covenant of works beyond the fall.

5083: 970:

Covenant theology first sees a covenant of works administered with Adam in the Garden of Eden. Upon Adam's failure, God established the covenant of grace in the promised seed

5120: 2424:

On the one hand, Calvinist theologians were more in line with Kline tend to say that works are ultimately the basis for grace, since God requires perfect upholding of the

1655:, but the idea of a contractual relationship between the Father and Son is present. Scriptural support for such a covenant may be found in Psalms 2 and 110, Isaiah 53, 1591:). Even in His giving of the Ten Commandments, God introduces His law by reminding the Israelites that he is the one who brought them out of slavery in Egypt (grace). 842:). That such a framework exists appears at least feasible, since from New Testament times the Bible of Israel has been known as the Old Testament (i.e., Covenant; see 4292:, p. 224: ‘For Wesley as for his Calvinist counterparts, every provision of grace throughout all ages flows only and always from the reconciling work of Christ.’ 3453:

since it sees less direct continuity between the Old Covenant and the New Covenant, even if it still sees major continuity through the overarching Covenant of Grace.

4632: 627: 1030:, with the promise of a "seed" of the woman who would crush the serpent's head, is usually identified as the historical inauguration for the covenant of grace. 4636: 3785: 2404:

reemphasized the idea of a covenant of works as expressed in the Westminster Confession of Faith 7.2 as a means to protect a gospel of grace. Kline wrote:

5041: 5037: 1894:(including baptism) must be based on explicit commands of Scripture, is violated by infant baptism. Furthermore, because the New Covenant is described in 4644: 4640: 1282:), particularly displayed as His glory-presence comes to dwell in the midst of the people. This covenant is the one most in view when referring to the 1861: 3389:, so that Methodist believers can personally renew their covenant with the Creator every year; this liturgy is traditionally preceded by prayer and 5017: 649: 4871: 4699: 4173: 3743: 700: 862:" or as "replacement theology", due to the perception that it teaches that God has abandoned the promises made to the Jews and has replaced the 3582: 1211:. Non-covenantal theology does not teach that the Abrahamic covenant is inherited by gentiles, and thus presents a different view of baptism. 803:" or "1689 Federalism", to distinguish it from the standard covenant theology of Presbyterian "Westminster Federalism". It is associated with 775:

Covenentalists call these three covenants "theological" because, though not explicitly presented as such in the Bible, they are thought of as

2726: 644: 2711: 2115: 2075:

followed the main lines of the classic view, teaching the Covenant of Redemption, the Covenant of Works (Law), and the Covenant of Grace (

3288: 962:, but is referred to as a covenant in Hosea 6:7, "But like Adam, they transgressed the covenant; there, they dealt faithlessly with Me." 304: 2383:. Additionally, defenders of the merit-based view argue that the concept of this works principle operating in the pre-Fall state in the 1924:

were among the first reformers to speak of God's salvation economy under the categories of a covenant of works and a covenant of grace.

3418: 2524: 808: 791:, but as the structure by which the biblical text organizes itself. The most well-known form of Covenant Theology is associated with 283: 1203:

covenant ("Abraham's seed"). This provides the basis for the doctrine that baptism is the New Testament sign of God's covenant with

5197: 2645: 1534:

and is most often used for the collection of books in the Bible, but can also refer to the New Covenant as a theological concept.

2933: 2751: 883: 1689:

in this sense, which are sometimes called "church ordinances." Along with the preached word, they are identified as an ordinary

2669: 983: 855: 142: 5173: 4593: 4462: 4008: 3905: 3753: 2355:

Some of Shepherd's critics contend that the concept of a works principle distinct from a Covenant of Grace is evident in the

164: 31: 1060:, J. Mark Beach, and John Von Rohr have argued that Leonard Trinterud's identification of the apparent polarisation between 4612: 4360: 4311: 4274: 4228: 2791: 1930: 634: 519: 277: 1322: 30:

This article is about the Reformed or Wesleyan-Arminian theological framework. For the Catholic theological approach, see

3202: 2731: 1122:

explains that he was looking to a better and heavenly land, a city with foundations, whose builder and architect is God (

693: 5105: 1860:). In this view, baptism is thus seen as the functional replacement and sacramental equivalent of the Abrahamic rite of 3592: 3330:

As with the Reformed view, the founder of the movement, John Wesley held that the moral law, which is contained in the

2282:

circles, conceived of grace as the fundamental reality underlying all of creation. Influential among more conservative

1719: 886:, not as a separate replacement entity. Many covenant theologians have also seen a distinct future promise of gracious 504: 1852:. Paedobaptists further believe this extends corporately to the households of believers which typically would include 4969: 4947: 4930: 4909: 4887: 4861: 4842: 4823: 4806: 4785: 4763: 4741: 4715: 4685: 2984: 2664: 1639:, glorify Him, and give Him a people. Two of the earliest theologians to write about the covenant of redemption were 154: 17: 3287:

Wesleyan covenant theology is also seen in the Methodist theology of baptism, e.g. when introducing this sacrament,

2463:." The sinner is thus saved by Christ's works and not his own. Right standing before God is then due to an alien or 2274:. This has not been developed consistently between the various theologians. For example, Barth, influential in the 2190:

in the 2nd millennium BC. One of the highlights of his work has been the comparison of the Mosaic Covenant with the

4994: 3145: 2630: 2296: 2127: 815:

hermeneutics traditionally use a variation of this, known as Wesleyan covenant theology, which is consistent with

5109: 4999: 4655: 4628: 4562:

Drawn Into Controversie: Reformed Theological Diversity and Debates Within Seventeenth-Century British Puritanism

3406: 3113: 3010: 2389: 2242: 2131: 1985: 1887: 858:

which has become known as the New Testament (or Covenant). Detractors of covenant theology often refer to it as "

796: 252: 169: 1327: 1183: 5202: 3079: 3034: 2756: 776: 772:, under the framework of three overarching theological covenants: those of redemption, of works, and of grace. 686: 514: 497: 4377: 1175: 2956: 2554: 2123: 2111: 2029: 1161: 1155: 1149: 394: 257: 205: 4089:. Collected Writings of John Murray. Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom: Banner of Truth. pp. 217–218. 887: 874:

His promises to Israel, but see the fulfillment of the promises to Israel in the person and the work of the

843: 3478: 2637: 2197:

Treaty formula. A suggested comparison of the treaty structure with the book of Deuteronomy is as follows:

1179: 676: 354: 262: 1886:) hold that baptism is only for those who can understand and profess their faith, and they argue that the 1208: 1193: 5192: 4725: 4406: 4253:

An exposition of the gospels of St. Matthew and St. Mark: and some other detached parts of Holy Scripture

4024: 3140: 2903: 2676: 2414: 2083: 1818: 1057: 1011: 484: 174: 159: 4400: 1537:

The covenant of grace became the basis for all future covenants that God made with mankind such as with

5142: 4834: 3674:"Sermon preached in June 1864 for the British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews" 3269: 2951: 2467:

received by faith, not by personal faithfulness which is the fruition of salvation and not its ground.

2312: 1656: 1616: 1026:

and passive obedience). It is the historical expression of the eternal covenant of redemption. Genesis

1023: 991: 604: 215: 5114: 1659: 1260:, expands on the Abrahamic promise of a people and a land. Repeatedly mentioned is the promise of the 5125: 4573: 3410: 3223: 3128: 2691: 2119: 1756: 1632: 1019: 800: 639: 147: 3631: 1905:

written on their hearts and would know God, Baptist Covenant Theologians believe only those who are

4790: 4454: 4082: 3598: 3483: 3386: 3377: 3118: 2797: 2418: 2308: 2262: 1131: 399: 195: 3869: 3853: 1099: 3669: 3195: 3084: 3004: 2999: 2994: 1906: 1715: 1612: 132: 3413:" or "1689 federalism", to distinguish it from "Westminster federalism", and is associated with 1397: 3619: 2878: 2822: 2696: 2681: 2375:). There is also explicit articulation of a Covenant of Works in the writings of those such as 1989: 1921: 1879: 1693:

for salvation. The benefits of these rites do not occur from participating in the rite itself (

1644: 1636: 1550: 1469: 1318: 1115: 999: 379: 314: 179: 1484: 1279: 1123: 5057: 4798: 3488: 3366: 2989: 2893: 2736: 2701: 2544: 2464: 2275: 2044: 1974:, 1597), developed the covenant of works and covenant of grace scheme along the lines of the 1666: 1652: 1457: 1134: 927: 924: 769: 757: 733: 526: 409: 324: 247: 60: 3982:

The economy of the covenants, between God and man: Comprehending a complete body of divinity

3980: 3307:

In Wesleyan covenant theology, the source of the covenant of grace is Jesus Christ, as "the

1516: 1496: 1492: 1294: 5207: 5131: 4435: 3450: 3150: 2913: 2888: 2832: 2746: 2741: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2172: 2099: 1839: 1835: 1832: 1825: 1561: 1508: 1504: 1412: 1401: 1253: 1027: 950: 594: 579: 230: 220: 210: 5108:

collected by R. Scott Clark, associate professor of Historical and Systematic Theology at

4774:

The baptism of disciples alone: A covenantal argument for credobaptism versus paedobaptism

2499: 1898: 1828: 1542: 1390: 1382: 1370: 8: 5106:

Theses, quotations from Reformed covenant theologians, and histories of covenant theology

5011: 4985: 4921:(2001). "The Doctrine of the Covenant in Reformed Theology." In R. B. Gaffin Jr. (Ed.), 4673: 4588:, The Westminster Assembly and the Reformed Faith, Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 4431: 4064: 3996: 3673: 3512: 3470: 3446: 3178: 3135: 3108: 2363:

works of the earliest covenant theologians, particularly in the distinction made between

2304: 2245:, that the Mosaic covenant was fundamentally an administration of the Covenant of Grace. 2103: 2087: 1988:(particularly chap. 7, 8, 19), as well as in the writings of English theologians such as 1804: 1748: 1620: 1588: 1580: 1572: 1272: 1084: 745: 554: 3958: 3369:

to follow Him, and "God is always the innocent party in cases where salvation is lost".

3353:

Wesleyan covenant theology, unlike Reformed classical covenant theology, emphasizes the

3282:

Richard Watson, An Exposition of the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Mark, pages 282, 318

2448: 1523: 1499:), leading His people to the heavenly promised land. He is the high priest greater than 1374: 5093: 4649: 4560:

Jones, Mark (2011), "The 'Old' Covenant", in Haykin, Michael A.G.; Jones, Mark (eds.),

4269:(Regular Black ed.). United Methodist Publishing House. 5 April 2016. p. 91. 3382: 3188: 3123: 2855: 2842: 2812: 2622: 2578: 2483: 1935: 1663: 1473: 1073: 749: 609: 464: 449: 359: 329: 269: 52: 5051: 4923:

Redemptive History and Biblical Interpretation: The Shorter Writings of Geerhardus Vos

4541: 3879: 3863: 3641: 1480:

and Israel's hope and consolation: he is the fulfillment of the law and the prophets (

1404:, there is hope of restoration under a Davidic king who will bring peace and justice ( 1386: 1378: 469: 5169: 5078: 5070: 5065: 5027: 5006: 4965: 4943: 4926: 4905: 4897: 4883: 4857: 4838: 4819: 4811: 4802: 4781: 4759: 4751: 4737: 4711: 4681: 4608: 4589: 4458: 4356: 4307: 4270: 4224: 4046: 4004: 3901: 3749: 3588: 3414: 3362: 3236: 3074: 3039: 2943: 2783: 2564: 2439:, it is Christ who perfectly obeyed the law in fulfillment of the covenant of works. 2401: 2368: 2360: 2337: 2329: 2191: 2187: 2164: 2091: 2064: 2001: 1943: 1780: 1640: 1481: 1037: 946: 823: 804: 741: 729: 531: 479: 459: 434: 374: 344: 225: 4981: 3786:""The Covenant of Works Revived:" John Owen on Republication in the Mosaic Covenant" 3508: 1355: 822:

As a framework for Biblical interpretation, covenant theology stands in contrast to

787:

treat classical covenant theology not merely as a point of doctrine or as a central

3847:

German Calvinism in the Confessional Age: The Covenant Theology of Caspar Olevianus

3331: 2721: 2716: 2376: 2356: 2333: 2168: 2013: 1951: 1917: 1902: 1895: 1883: 1723: 1695: 1584: 1394: 1224: 1065: 454: 384: 309: 288: 242: 73: 4962:

There Really Is a Difference: A Comparison of Covenant and Dispensational Theology

3719:"Report of the Committee to Study Republication: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church" 5022: 4935: 3976: 3745:

The Covenant Theology of Jonathan Edwards: Law, Gospel, and Evangelical Obedience

3426: 3044: 2802: 2549: 2459:. What Adam failed to achieve, Christ, the second Adam, succeeded in achieving. 2433: 2300: 2021: 1624: 1569: 1453: 1409: 1352: 1240: 1178:, but it has to be matched by an internal change, the circumcision of the heart. 1119: 959: 859: 839: 835: 574: 509: 4990: 4918: 4777: 3373: 3089: 3029: 2883: 2870: 2766: 2761: 2384: 2380: 2364: 2325: 2258: 2072: 2060: 2056: 1982: 1975: 1963: 1875: 1857: 1809: 1711: 1690: 1648: 1558: 1520: 1449: 1445: 1367: 1297:), a layer of law is prominent. Concerning this aspect of the Mosaic Covenant, 1269: 1250: 1049: 1041: 995: 916: 908: 564: 439: 429: 424: 419: 389: 364: 235: 42: 2000:. The classical statements among 17th century continental theologians include 1040:

theologians taught that the covenant was primarily unilateral or monopleuric (

744:, a competing form of biblical theology. It uses the theological concept of a 5186: 5031: 4605:

From Faith to Faith: John Wesley's Covenant Theology and the Way of Salvation

4581: 3402: 3167: 3054: 3049: 2938: 2923: 2918: 2908: 2605: 2600: 2520: 2048: 2040: 1788: 1768: 1744: 1599: 1527: 1465: 1298: 1069: 987: 942: 867: 792: 665: 599: 589: 414: 404: 369: 349: 114: 85: 77: 1587:) is a response to grace – never something which can earn God's acceptance ( 1385:), although it did not stop judgment from finally arriving (compare 2 Kings 1018:

to the elect to give them willingness and ability to believe. Christ is the

982:

There is debate among the reformed if the Mosaic covenant was in some way a

5138: 5084:"Covenant Theology Illustrated: Romans 5 on the Federal Headship of Christ" 4902:

The New Schaff-Herzog Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

4139: 4027:(2002). "Law, Gospel, and Covenant: Reassessing Some Emerging Antitheses". 3434: 3430: 3390: 3163: 2928: 2898: 2827: 2817: 2617: 2452: 2317: 2267: 2107: 2095: 1956:

Concerning the Substance of the Covenant of Grace between God and the Elect

1890:, which many paedobaptists also advocate and which states that elements of 1871: 1628: 1579:

founded and fulfilled in Christ. These individual covenants are called the

1576: 1477: 1430: 1424: 1289:

Although it is a gracious covenant beginning with God's redemptive action (

1171: 1127: 920: 879: 831: 827: 661: 584: 474: 319: 200: 104: 68: 4565: 3985:. Vol. 1 (2nd American ed.). New York: Thomas Kirk. p. 126. 1651:

had hinted at the idea before them. This covenant is not mentioned in the

4733: 4695: 3422: 3249: 2865: 2837: 2539: 2534: 2504: 2279: 2144: 2068: 2052: 1925: 1784: 1772: 1700: 1257: 1061: 1015: 954: 761: 536: 334: 109: 81: 35: 3921: 3718: 5161: 4660: 4128:. Phillipsburg, New Jersey, United States: Presbyterian & Reformed. 3257: 3218:

maintains the superstructure of classical covenant theology, but being

2807: 2706: 2254: 2194: 2176: 1752: 1726:

are commonly considered to be the sacraments of the covenant of works.

1686: 780: 559: 444: 2241:

Kline's insights have still insisted, however, in accordance with the

1940:

A Brief Exposition of the One and Eternal Testament or Covenant of God

1791:

as an actual bodily presence of Christ, as well as from the generally

4698:(1996), "American Secession Theologians on Covenant and Baptism", in 3265: 3215: 2491: 2283: 2148: 1764: 1760: 1735: 1682: 1503:, offering up Himself as the perfect sacrifice once for all (Hebrews 1276: 1232: 812: 784: 765: 569: 339: 89: 4586:

The Westminster Assembly: Reading Its Theology in Historical Context

2082:

Recent well-known covenant theologians in the United States include

3897: 3219: 1856:, or individually to children or infants of believing parents (see 1739: 1461: 1456:, Jesus alludes to this prophecy, as well as to prophecies such as 1441: 1148:

Exclusive: it is only for Abraham and his (spiritual) descendants.

971: 816: 671: 614: 3680:, vol. 10 – via The Christian Classics Ethereal Library 2432:

reward. Since this is understood to be an impossible task for the

1759:

saves God's New Covenant people from being judged for their sins.

5166:

A Father Who Keeps His Promises: God's Covenant Love in Scripture

4569: 4161:. Phillipsburg, New Jersey, United States: P & R. p. 74. 3464: 3401:

The most well-known form of Covenant theology is associated with

3173: 2559: 1891: 1845: 1792: 1678: 1546: 1512: 1495:), and the Son over the house where Moses was a servant (Hebrews 1438: 1434: 1204: 1200: 1189: 1167: 1141: 1111: 1077: 875: 753: 4756:

Kingdom Prologue: Genesis Foundations for a Covenantal Worldview

1864:(Colossians 2:11–14) and symbolizes the internal cleansing from 986:. The view that there was such a republication was advocated by 4879: 4707: 3261: 2429: 2183: 2180: 2076: 1814: 1795:

position that the supper is strictly a memorial commemoration.

1611:

The covenant of redemption is the eternal agreement within the

1359: 1306: 1261: 1014:

for all people who have faith in Christ. God also promises the

3525:

frequently observed, "Reformed theology is covenant theology."

2421:, differences emerge in attempts to describe this antithesis. 2253:

A number of major 20th-century covenant theologians including

1981:

Classical statements of covenant theology can be found in the

1130:

writes that the promised seed refers in particular to Christ (

4003:. Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States: Baker. p. 648. 2612: 2595: 2440: 2271: 1853: 1849: 1565: 1554: 1500: 1488: 1348: 1246: 788: 737: 4146:. Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States: Baker. p. 160. 4124:

Estelle, Bryan D; Fesko, JV; VanDrunen, David, eds. (2009).

1615:

in which the Father appointed the Son through the Spirit to

34:. For the religious and political movement in Scotland, see 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3354: 3240: 2443:, earning the reward, graciously bestows it to His people ( 1538: 1095: 863: 3268:, baptism and the Lord's Supper. The Methodist theologian 2229:

List of gods as witnesses (notably lacking in Deuteronomy)

2175:, by identifying the form of the covenant with the common 3814: 3358: 3244: 2455:

writes, "Man's relationship to God in creation was based

2436: 2425: 2321: 2248: 1901:

as a time when all who were members of it would have the

1865: 1710:

to include signs and seals of the covenant of works. The

736:

framework for understanding the overall structure of the

3826: 3696: 3551: 3264:, the covenant of grace is mediated through the greater 2461:

Ultimately the only way one can be justified is by works

884:

established the church in organic continuity with Israel

4548:, Exposition of the Old and New Testament, Sacred texts 4510: 4508: 4506: 4346: 4344: 4105: 1154:

Everlasting: it is not replaced by any later covenant.

4351:

Marquardt, Manfred; Klaiber, Walter (1 January 2002).

4093: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3372:

When persons become professing members of a Methodist

2307:

was dismissed due to controversy over his teaching on

1464:

meal is "the New Covenant in blood." This use of the

4942:, 2 vols. Phillipsburg: Presbyterian & Reformed. 4900:(1955), "Covenant Theology", in Loetscher, LA (ed.), 4353:

Living Grace: An Outline of United Methodist Theology

4123: 3939: 3802: 1960:

De substantia foederis gratuiti inter deum et electos

870:

on the Earth. Covenant theologians deny that God has

5127:

Law and Covenant in Israel and the Ancient Near East

4503: 4341: 4333:. Vol. 75. George B. Utter. 1913. p. 422. 4283: 3460: 2171:, in the 1960s and 1970s, building on prior work by 915:, also called the covenant of life) was made in the 76:

in Geneva, featuring prominent Reformed theologians

3684: 3530: 752:. The standard form of covenant theology views the 4255:. George Lane & Levi Scott. pp. 282, 318. 4053:. Eugene, Oregon, United States: Wiph & Stock. 1738:or the Lord's Supper was instituted by Jesus at a 1264:, "I will be your God and you will be my people" ( 1080:on the other hand is a faulty reading of history. 4428:Guidebook of the Emmanuel Association of Churches 3965:, The Christian classics ethereal library, Sec. 1 2006:The Doctrine of the Covenant and Testament of God 1842:), not in an exclusively individualistic manner. 1706:Sometimes Reformed covenantal theologians define 1635:for their sin. In return, the Father promised to 923:who represented all humankind as a federal head ( 5184: 5168:. Cincinnati, Ohio: Servant Books. p. 294. 5018:The Economy of the Covenants Between God and Man 4940:The Economy of the Covenants Between God and Man 4854:The Israel of God: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow 4816:A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith 4533:The Distinctiveness of Baptist Covenant Theology 4350: 4001:New Testament Theology: Magnifying God in Christ 3922:"Report of the Committee to Study Republication" 2026:The Economy of the Covenants Between God and Man 1530:" comes from the Latin translation of the Greek 650:North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council 4199: 4197: 4195: 2036:, Vol 2, Banner of Truth edition, p. 950. 4219:Tucker, Karen B. Westerfield (27 April 2011). 2154: 4925:. Phillipsburg: Presbyterian & Reformed. 4856:, Phillipsburg: Presbyterian & Reformed, 4730:God of Promise: Introducing Covenant Theology 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 3196: 2474: 1672: 1433:is anticipated with the hopes of the Davidic 694: 645:International Conference of Reformed Churches 4420: 4325: 4323: 4306:(2nd ed.). Abingdon Press. p. 40. 4295: 4192: 3894:Covenant Theology: A Reformed Baptist Primer 3396: 2116:Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary 2010:Summa doctrinae de foedere et testamento dei 3587:. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth. p. 361. 3501: 2110:. This system is taught at schools such as 1998:An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews 1874:Covenant theologians (such as the Baptists 1743:might be spared from the final plague. The 935: 4237: 4212: 3203: 3189: 953:disagreed with the teaching in the 1640s. 826:in regard to the relationship between the 701: 687: 27:Protestant biblical interpretive framework 5137: 4851: 4828: 4496:Second London Baptist Confession of Faith 4442: 4320: 4063: 3995: 3989: 3419:Second London Baptist Confession of Faith 3348:John Wesley, Sermons, Volume 1, Sermon 25 2028:. It may also be seen in the writings of 1606: 809:Second London Baptist Confession of Faith 779:, describing and summarizing a wealth of 5034:– a central passage for federal theology 4870: 4375: 4301: 4259: 4223:. Oxford University Press. p. 117. 4203: 4156: 3891: 3668: 3654:Bonar, Horatius (July 1870), "The Jew", 3272:, with regard to the Eucharist, stated: 2646:Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament 1223: 893: 4896: 4876:Extra-Scriptural Binding: a New Danger 4704:Extra-Scriptural Binding: a New Danger 4680:, Dingwall: Peter and Rachel Reynolds, 4622: 4603:Rodes, Stanley J. (25 September 2014), 4174:"Sermon 6 – The Righteousness of Faith" 3975: 3885: 3741: 3376:, they personally bind themselves to a 2388:goodness of man in creation. The later 2290: 1594: 1437:, and most explicitly predicted by the 1166:The external sign of entering into the 14: 5185: 4724: 4580: 4250: 4218: 4138: 4111: 4045: 4023: 3945: 3900:: Waters of Creation. pp. 102–8. 3844: 3820: 3808: 3702: 3580: 2400:In opposition to the modern revisers, 2373:Commentary on the Heidelberg Catechism 2249:Contemporary revisions and controversy 2034:Collected Writings of Jonathan Edwards 1948:Commentary on the Heidelberg Catechism 984:republication of the covenant of works 143:Republication of the Covenant of Works 5121:Covenant theology articles and essays 5117:by historic and contemporary scholars 4964:. Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry. 4750: 4694: 4602: 4559: 4448: 4388:(2). Fundamental Wesleyan Publishers. 4289: 4099: 4069:The Current Justification Controversy 3849:. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House. 3832: 3783: 3713: 3711: 3690: 3653: 3568: 2682:Four sources of theological authority 2159: 1775:(that is, real spiritual presence or 1767:as a mysterious participation in the 1519:), ruling forever on David's throne ( 1468:typology is developed further in the 1105: 756:of God's dealings with mankind, from 32:Covenantal theology (Catholic Church) 4672: 4355:. Abingdon Press. pp. 112–115. 4267:The United Methodist Book of Worship 3647: 3574: 3409:. Another form is sometimes called " 2792:The Sunday Service of the Methodists 2167:did pioneering work in the field of 1321:, see in the passage that begins in 1219: 1005: 902: 799:. Another form is sometimes called " 635:World Communion of Reformed Churches 278:Institutes of the Christian Religion 5071:"Two Adams, Two Covenants of Works" 5007:A treatise of the covenant of grace 4678:A Treatise of the Covenant of Grace 4530: 4514: 4302:Campbell, Ted A. (1 October 2011). 4051:The Structure of Biblical Authority 3612: 3545: 3417:(credobaptists) and comes from the 3405:(paedobaptists) and comes from the 1968:A Treatise of our Effectual Calling 1460:, when he says that the cup of the 1342: 1312: 888:restoration for unregenerate Israel 24: 4304:Methodist Doctrine: The Essentials 4171: 4081: 3928:. The Orthodox Presbyterian Church 3914: 3784:Brown, Michael (27 January 2011). 3768: 3708: 3662: 1720:tree of knowledge of good and evil 1487:). He is the prophet greater than 1333: 1089: 977: 965: 25: 5219: 5094:Introduction to Covenant Theology 4975: 4795:Collected Writings of John Murray 4071:. Unicoi, TN: Trinity Foundation. 3656:The Quarterly Journal of Prophecy 2985:Methodist Church of Great Britain 2657:Distinctive beliefs and practices 2232:Sanctions: curses and blessings ( 1962:, 1585), and Scottish Theologian 1909:are members of the New Covenant. 1309:of salvation through a mediator. 740:. It is often distinguished from 4995:Post-Reformation Digital Library 4539: 3875: 3859: 3637: 3618: 3463: 3289:United Methodist Book of Worship 3172: 3146:Ordination of women in Methodism 2732:Sanctification (growth in grace) 2498: 2297:Westminster Theological Seminary 2128:Westminster Theological Seminary 1950:(published posthumously, 1591), 1751:: as the lamb's blood saved the 1729: 1699:), but through the power of the 1303:Commentary on Second Corinthians 677:Reformed Christianity portal 670: 67: 5198:Christian theological movements 5110:Westminster Seminary California 4629:Westminster Confession of Faith 4524: 4487: 4480:Westminster Confession of Faith 4471: 4392: 4378:"An Arminian Covenant Theology" 4369: 4165: 4150: 4132: 4117: 4075: 4057: 4039: 4029:Westminster Theological Journal 4017: 3969: 3963:Westminster Confession of Faith 3951: 3838: 3777: 3762: 3742:Hoehner, Paul J. (2021-05-13). 3735: 3407:Westminster Confession of Faith 2390:Westminster Confession of Faith 2243:Westminster Confession of Faith 2137: 2132:Westminster Seminary California 2018:Institutes of Elenctic Theology 1986:Westminster Confession of Faith 1972:Tractatus de vocatione efficaci 1888:regulative principle of worship 1703:as they are received by faith. 1511:). He is the king greater than 1418: 1229:Moses with the Ten Commandments 1010:The covenant of grace promises 830:(with national Israel) and the 797:Westminster Confession of Faith 748:as an organizing principle for 253:Westminster Confession of Faith 4991:Early modern works on covenant 4852:——— (2000), 4793:(1982). Covenant Theology. In 3678:Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit 3429:3, and continuing through the 3080:Conservative holiness movement 1747:writers understand this event 155:Logical order of God's decrees 13: 1: 4829:Robertson, O. Palmer (1981), 4449:Sweet, Leonard (2014-02-21). 3790:Christ United Reformed Church 3748:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 3494: 3011:Other Methodist denominations 2124:Reformed Theological Seminary 2112:Covenant Theological Seminary 1400:). Among the prophets of the 1188:According to Paul, since the 1114:covenant is found in Genesis 1098:covenant is found in Genesis 258:Westminster Shorter Catechism 5028:Commentary on Romans 5:12-21 4666: 4656:Westminster Larger Catechism 3479:Biblical law in Christianity 3334:, continues to stand today: 2752:Baptism with the Holy Spirit 2638:Sermons on Several Occasions 732:, a conceptual overview and 263:Westminster Larger Catechism 7: 5115:Essays on covenant theology 5100:Series on Covenant Theology 5052:"The Adamic Administration" 4835:Presbyterian & Reformed 4407:The United Methodist Church 4376:Reasoner, Vic (Fall 2000). 4204:Crowther, Jonathan (1815). 3626:, vol. 17, p. 560 3581:Murray, Iain (2014-10-01). 3456: 3141:Homosexuality and Methodism 2904:William Williams Pantycelyn 2677:Priesthood of all believers 2155:Classical covenant theology 1755:from the plague, so Jesus' 785:Reformed systems of thought 10: 5224: 5143:"The Covenant with Israel" 4960:Showers, Reginald (1990). 4954: 4758:, Overland Park: Two Age, 4574:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 4221:American Methodist Worship 4206:A Portraiture of Methodism 4157:Williams, Michael (2005). 3892:Van Dorn, Douglas (2014). 3361:initiates a covenant with 3114:Methodist views on alcohol 2475:Wesleyan covenant theology 2350:Second Helvetic Confession 1912: 1802: 1798: 1771:of Christ mediated by the 1673:Covenantal signs and seals 1637:raise Christ from the dead 1422: 1301:makes three points in his 1238: 1082: 40: 29: 5160: 4797:, vol. 4. Carlisle, PA: 4607:, James Clarke & Co, 4399:"¶217. Membership Vows". 4159:Far as the Curse is Found 3771:Marrow of Modern Divinity 3411:Baptist covenant theology 3397:Baptist covenant theology 3309:prophet, priest, and king 2692:Substitutionary atonement 2236:. Deuteronomy 28; 31–34). 2120:Knox Theological Seminary 1763:has generally viewed the 801:Baptist Covenant Theology 640:World Reformed Fellowship 148:Baptist Covenant Theology 4455:Tyndale House Publishers 4251:Watson, Richard (1852). 4144:Getting the Gospel Right 3484:Covenant renewal worship 3387:Covenant Renewal Service 3119:Methodist local preacher 2798:Covenant Renewal Service 2670:Conditional preservation 2395: 2278:churches and in certain 1317:Some commentators, like 400:Friedrich Schleiermacher 41:Not to be confused with 5042:"The Covenant of Grace" 5038:"The Covenant of Works" 4904:, Grand Rapids: Baker, 4831:Christ of the Covenants 4661:1689 Baptist Confession 4438:. 2002. pp. 25–28. 3845:Bierma, Lyle D (1997). 3365:, humans are given the 3179:Christianity portal 3085:Holiness Pentecostalism 3005:Global Methodist Church 3000:World Methodist Council 2995:United Methodist Church 2212:. Deuteronomy 1:5–3:29) 1813:include a principle of 1116:chapters 12, 15, and 17 907:The covenant of works ( 866:with Christians as His 854:"), in contrast to the 742:dispensational theology 133:Theology of John Calvin 4818:. Nashville: Nelson. 3351: 3305: 3285: 3254:Righteousness of Faith 3233: 2934:Countess of Huntingdon 2909:Benjamin Titus Roberts 2697:Imparted righteousness 2411: 1922:Johannes Oecolampadius 1868:, among other things. 1631:of mankind to make an 1607:Covenant of redemption 1575:), and finally in the 1470:Epistle to the Hebrews 1236: 1053: 1045: 936: 912: 777:theologically implicit 315:Johannes Oecolampadius 5203:Christian terminology 4799:Banner of Truth Trust 4772:Malone, Fred (2003). 3622:, "Exercitation 18", 3489:New Covenant theology 3343:, Vol. I, Sermon 25). 3336: 3294: 3274: 3228: 3102:Other relevant topics 2990:Free Methodist Church 2894:John William Fletcher 2737:Sunday Sabbatarianism 2545:First Great Awakening 2465:imputed righteousness 2406: 2208:Historical prologue ( 2045:Princeton theologians 1787:which believe in the 1779:). This differs from 1757:substitutionary death 1653:Westminster Standards 1476:). Jesus is the last 1351:covenant is found in 1227: 1083:Further information: 894:Theological covenants 325:Peter Martyr Vermigli 248:Westminster Standards 61:Reformed Christianity 5132:George E. Mendenhall 5058:"What is a Covenant" 5000:Nave's Topical Bible 4878:, Neerlandia, Alta, 4706:, Neerlandia, Alta, 4623:Historical documents 4451:The Well-Played Life 4436:Emmanuel Association 4331:The Sabbath Recorder 4126:The Law is Not Faith 3571:, pp. 7, 62–76. 3451:regulative principle 3151:Bishops in Methodism 2914:Walter Ashbel Sellew 2833:Brush arbour revival 2747:Second work of grace 2742:Christian perfection 2631:Articles of Religion 2525:in the United States 2346:Heidelberg Catechism 2342:Thirty-Nine Articles 2291:Shepherd controversy 2205:. Deuteronomy 1:1–4) 2173:George E. Mendenhall 2100:Richard L. Pratt Jr. 1826:Acts of the Apostles 1595:Subservient Covenant 1068:on the one hand and 951:Westminster Assembly 595:New England theology 580:Mercersburg theology 505:Continental Reformed 231:Heidelberg Catechism 221:Three Forms of Unity 211:Helvetic Confessions 170:Regulative principle 5046:Systematic Theology 4087:Studies in Theology 4065:Robertson, O Palmer 3835:, pp. 183–184. 3823:, pp. 233–234. 3513:Ligonier Ministries 3509:"Covenant Theology" 3471:Christianity portal 3385:in the form of the 3319:of His church, the 3109:Saints in Methodism 2587:Doctrinal standards 2305:systematic theology 2299:in the late 1970s, 2219:. Deuteronomy 4–26) 2104:O. Palmer Robertson 2088:J. Ligon Duncan III 2016:(1623–1687) in his 1805:Covenant succession 1249:covenant, found in 1160:Accepted by faith. 1085:Covenant (biblical) 807:and comes from the 795:and comes from the 305:List of theologians 284:Systematic theology 5193:Calvinist theology 5102:by J. Ligon Duncan 5088:Modern Reformation 4898:Van Til, Cornelius 4812:Reymond, Robert L. 4650:Helvetic Consensus 4482:, sections 5 and 6 4402:Book of Discipline 3705:, pp. 227–28. 3383:watchnight service 3325:judge of the world 3321:heir of all things 3124:Itinerant preacher 3035:General Conference 2843:Watchnight service 2665:Assurance of faith 2160:Covenant structure 2004:(c. 1603–1669) in 1936:Heinrich Bullinger 1777:pneumatic presence 1581:biblical covenants 1551:Genesis 12, 15, 17 1237: 1106:Abrahamic covenant 1046:foedus monopleuron 941:was first used by 856:Christian addition 846:, "they hear the 844:2 Corinthians 3:14 750:Christian theology 610:Princeton theology 450:H. Richard Niebuhr 360:Franciscus Gomarus 330:Heinrich Bullinger 270:Barmen Declaration 5175:978-0-89283-829-5 5141:(November 2005). 5079:Meredith G. Kline 5066:Meredith G. Kline 4982:Covenant Theology 4938:(Reprint 1990). 4752:Kline, Meredith G 4595:978-0-87552-612-6 4531:Denault, Pascal, 4517:, pp. 41–44. 4498:, 1689, section 3 4464:978-1-4143-9080-2 4434:, United States: 4382:Arminian Magazine 4178:The Wesley Center 4114:, pp. 35–50. 4102:, pp. 108–9. 4025:Horton, Michael S 4010:978-0-8010-2680-5 3997:Schreiner, Thomas 3907:978-0-9862376-0-7 3755:978-1-7252-8157-8 3670:Spurgeon, Charles 3548:, pp. 10–20. 3415:Reformed Baptists 3237:Wesleyan-Arminian 3213: 3212: 3075:Holiness movement 3040:Methodist Circuit 2944:George Whitefield 2774: 2773: 2687:Covenant theology 2565:Wesleyan theology 2369:Zacharias Ursinus 2338:Belgic Confession 2330:French Confession 2303:, a professor of 2226:. Deuteronomy 27) 2222:Document clause ( 2188:Ancient Near East 2165:Meredith G. Kline 2147:, the founder of 2092:Meredith G. Kline 2065:J. Gresham Machen 2002:Johannes Cocceius 1994:Biblical Theology 1944:Zacharius Ursinus 1781:Roman Catholicism 1641:Johannes Cocceius 1038:Reformed orthodox 1006:Covenant of grace 947:Zacharias Ursinus 903:Covenant of works 880:Jesus of Nazareth 824:dispensationalism 805:Reformed Baptists 783:data. Historical 730:Biblical Theology 714:Covenant theology 711: 710: 480:Donald G. Bloesch 460:Cornelius Van Til 375:Samuel Rutherford 345:Zacharias Ursinus 226:Belgic Confession 216:French Confession 138:Covenant theology 18:Covenant Theology 16:(Redirected from 5215: 5179: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5139:Dulles SJ, Avery 5086:by S. M. Baugh, 5075:Kingdom Prologue 5062:Kingdom Prologue 5048:by Charles Hodge 4936:Witsius, Hermann 4914: 4892: 4866: 4847: 4833:, Phillipsburg: 4768: 4746: 4732:, Grand Rapids: 4720: 4690: 4617: 4614:978-0-22790220-2 4598: 4576: 4555: 4554: 4553: 4535: 4518: 4512: 4501: 4499: 4491: 4485: 4483: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4362:978-1-42675650-4 4348: 4339: 4338: 4327: 4318: 4317: 4313:978-1-42675347-3 4299: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4276:978-1-42673500-4 4263: 4257: 4256: 4248: 4235: 4234: 4230:978-0-19045420-3 4216: 4210: 4209: 4201: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4047:Kleine, Meredith 4043: 4037: 4036: 4021: 4015: 4014: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3977:Witsius, Hermann 3973: 3967: 3966: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3933: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3889: 3883: 3873: 3867: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3796: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3769:Fisher, Edward. 3766: 3760: 3759: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3715: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3666: 3660: 3658: 3651: 3645: 3635: 3629: 3627: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3597:. Archived from 3584:The Puritan Hope 3578: 3572: 3566: 3549: 3543: 3528: 3527: 3521: 3519: 3505: 3473: 3468: 3467: 3349: 3332:Ten Commandments 3303: 3283: 3235:As such, in the 3205: 3198: 3191: 3177: 3176: 2722:Prevenient grace 2717:Outward holiness 2584: 2583: 2502: 2479: 2478: 2451:). For example, 2348:(1563), and the 2334:Scots Confession 2313:active obedience 2169:Biblical studies 2030:Jonathan Edwards 2014:Francis Turretin 1952:Caspar Olevianus 1918:Huldrych Zwingli 1884:Charles Spurgeon 1696:ex opere operato 1685:as the only two 1617:become incarnate 1585:Ten Commandments 1343:Davidic covenant 1323:Deuteronomy 29:1 1313:Moabite covenant 1256:and the book of 1054:foedus dipleuron 945:in 1585, though 939: 919:between God and 722:federal theology 703: 696: 689: 675: 674: 532:Reformed Baptist 455:Reinhold Niebuhr 395:Jonathan Edwards 385:Francis Turretin 310:Huldrych Zwingli 289:Metrical psalter 243:Scots Confession 74:Reformation Wall 71: 48: 47: 21: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5212: 5183: 5182: 5176: 5151: 5149: 5096:by J. I. Packer 5023:Hermann Witsius 4978: 4957: 4919:Vos, Geerhardus 4912: 4890: 4882:: Inheritance, 4864: 4845: 4766: 4744: 4726:Horton, Michael 4718: 4710:: Inheritance, 4688: 4669: 4625: 4615: 4596: 4551: 4549: 4527: 4522: 4521: 4513: 4504: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4447: 4443: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4411: 4409: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4349: 4342: 4329: 4328: 4321: 4314: 4300: 4296: 4288: 4284: 4277: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4249: 4238: 4231: 4217: 4213: 4202: 4193: 4183: 4181: 4170: 4166: 4155: 4151: 4137: 4133: 4122: 4118: 4110: 4106: 4098: 4094: 4080: 4076: 4062: 4058: 4044: 4040: 4022: 4018: 4011: 3994: 3990: 3974: 3970: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3944: 3940: 3931: 3929: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3908: 3890: 3886: 3874: 3870: 3858: 3854: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3794: 3792: 3782: 3778: 3767: 3763: 3756: 3740: 3736: 3727: 3725: 3717: 3716: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3667: 3663: 3652: 3648: 3636: 3632: 3617: 3613: 3604: 3602: 3595: 3579: 3575: 3567: 3552: 3544: 3531: 3517: 3515: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3469: 3462: 3459: 3399: 3350: 3347: 3304: 3301: 3284: 3281: 3209: 3171: 3157: 3156: 3155: 3103: 3095: 3094: 3070: 3062: 3061: 3045:Pastoral charge 3025: 3017: 3016: 2980: 2979: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2875: 2858: 2848: 2847: 2813:Mourner's bench 2803:Revival service 2786: 2776: 2775: 2671: 2652: 2649: 2623:Apostles' Creed 2581: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2528: 2515: 2507: 2477: 2398: 2367:(for instance, 2301:Norman Shepherd 2293: 2251: 2162: 2157: 2140: 2024:(1636–1708) in 2022:Hermann Witsius 1966:(1555–1599) in 1954:(1536–1587) in 1946:(1534–1583) in 1915: 1807: 1801: 1732: 1675: 1609: 1597: 1454:the Last Supper 1427: 1421: 1410:Book of Ezekiel 1345: 1336: 1334:Levite covenant 1315: 1243: 1241:Mosaic covenant 1222: 1220:Mosaic covenant 1184:Philippians 3:3 1120:Book of Hebrews 1108: 1092: 1090:Noahic covenant 1087: 1020:substitutionary 1008: 980: 978:Mosaic covenant 968: 966:Adamic covenant 905: 896: 860:supersessionism 836:house of Israel 716:(also known as 707: 669: 655: 654: 630: 620: 619: 575:Marrow Brethren 550: 542: 541: 500: 490: 489: 470:Jürgen Moltmann 355:William Perkins 302: 294: 293: 193: 185: 184: 128: 120: 119: 100: 92: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5221: 5211: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5181: 5180: 5174: 5158: 5135: 5123: 5118: 5112: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5081: 5068: 5055: 5054:by John Murray 5049: 5035: 5025: 5014: 5003: 4997: 4988: 4977: 4976:External links 4974: 4973: 4972: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4933: 4916: 4910: 4894: 4888: 4872:Schilder, Klas 4868: 4862: 4849: 4843: 4826: 4809: 4788: 4778:Founders Press 4770: 4764: 4748: 4742: 4722: 4716: 4700:Schilder, Klas 4692: 4686: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4619: 4613: 4600: 4594: 4582:Letham, Robert 4578: 4557: 4537: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4502: 4486: 4470: 4463: 4457:. p. 62. 4441: 4432:Logansport, ID 4419: 4391: 4368: 4361: 4340: 4319: 4312: 4294: 4282: 4275: 4258: 4236: 4229: 4211: 4208:. p. 224. 4191: 4172:Wesley, John. 4164: 4149: 4131: 4116: 4104: 4092: 4074: 4056: 4038: 4016: 4009: 3988: 3968: 3950: 3948:, p. 235. 3938: 3913: 3906: 3884: 3868: 3852: 3837: 3825: 3813: 3811:, p. 232. 3801: 3776: 3761: 3754: 3734: 3707: 3695: 3693:, p. 185. 3683: 3661: 3646: 3630: 3624:Complete Works 3611: 3594:978-1848714786 3593: 3573: 3550: 3529: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3458: 3455: 3398: 3395: 3345: 3302:Richard Watson 3299: 3279: 3270:Richard Watson 3211: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3200: 3193: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3132: 3131: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3090:Evangelicalism 3087: 3082: 3077: 3071: 3069:Related groups 3068: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3058: 3057: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3030:Connexionalism 3026: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2884:Francis Asbury 2881: 2876: 2874: 2873: 2871:Charles Wesley 2868: 2862: 2859: 2854: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2787: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2767:Works of mercy 2764: 2762:Works of piety 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2667: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2650: 2643: 2641: 2634: 2627: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2582: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2476: 2473: 2415:Michael Horton 2402:Meredith Kline 2397: 2394: 2385:Garden of Eden 2365:Law and Gospel 2326:Garden of Eden 2292: 2289: 2259:Klaas Schilder 2250: 2247: 2238: 2237: 2230: 2227: 2220: 2215:Stipulations ( 2213: 2206: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2139: 2136: 2084:Michael Horton 2073:Herman Bavinck 2067:) and, in the 2061:Geerhardus Vos 2057:B. B. Warfield 1964:Robert Rollock 1934:2:9–11), like 1914: 1911: 1876:Benjamin Keach 1858:Infant baptism 1800: 1797: 1731: 1728: 1712:Garden of Eden 1691:means of grace 1674: 1671: 1649:Caspar Olevian 1608: 1605: 1596: 1593: 1474:esp. chs. 7–10 1446:Jeremiah 31:31 1423:Main article: 1420: 1417: 1344: 1341: 1335: 1332: 1314: 1311: 1239:Main article: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1209:Galatians 3:26 1196: 1186: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1107: 1104: 1091: 1088: 1058:Richard Muller 1007: 1004: 996:Meredith Kline 979: 976: 967: 964: 917:Garden of Eden 904: 901: 895: 892: 840:Christ's blood 709: 708: 706: 705: 698: 691: 683: 680: 679: 657: 656: 653: 652: 647: 642: 637: 631: 626: 625: 622: 621: 618: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 565:Federal Vision 562: 557: 551: 548: 547: 544: 543: 540: 539: 534: 529: 527:Congregational 524: 523: 522: 517: 507: 501: 496: 495: 492: 491: 488: 487: 485:Michael Horton 482: 477: 472: 467: 465:T. F. Torrance 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 440:Geerhardus Vos 437: 432: 430:B. B. Warfield 427: 425:Herman Bavinck 422: 420:Abraham Kuyper 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 390:Richard Baxter 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 365:William Twisse 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 303: 300: 299: 296: 295: 292: 291: 286: 281: 274: 273: 272: 267: 266: 265: 260: 255: 245: 240: 239: 238: 236:Canons of Dort 233: 228: 218: 213: 203: 194: 191: 190: 187: 186: 183: 182: 177: 175:Predestination 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 151: 150: 145: 135: 129: 126: 125: 122: 121: 118: 117: 112: 107: 101: 98: 97: 94: 93: 72: 64: 63: 57: 56: 43:Federal Vision 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5220: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5177: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5032:Charles Hodge 5029: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5013: 5009: 5008: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4971: 4970:0-915540-50-9 4967: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4949: 4948:0-87552-870-8 4945: 4941: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4931:0-87552-513-X 4928: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4913: 4911:99914-2-980-8 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4889:0-921100-46-9 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4863:0-87552-398-6 4859: 4855: 4850: 4846: 4844:0-87552-418-4 4840: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4825: 4824:0-8499-1317-9 4821: 4817: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4807:0-85151-340-9 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4786:0-9713361-3-X 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4765:0-9706418-0-X 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4743:0-8010-1289-9 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4717:0-921100-46-9 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4687:1-84685-278-1 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4670: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4645:Chapter XXVII 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4616: 4610: 4606: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4528: 4516: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4497: 4490: 4481: 4474: 4466: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4445: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4408: 4404: 4403: 4395: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4372: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4345: 4337: 4332: 4326: 4324: 4315: 4309: 4305: 4298: 4291: 4286: 4278: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4254: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4232: 4226: 4222: 4215: 4207: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4179: 4175: 4168: 4160: 4153: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4127: 4120: 4113: 4108: 4101: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4012: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3947: 3942: 3927: 3923: 3917: 3909: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3865: 3861: 3856: 3848: 3841: 3834: 3829: 3822: 3817: 3810: 3805: 3791: 3787: 3780: 3772: 3765: 3757: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3738: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3712: 3704: 3699: 3692: 3687: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3665: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3601:on 2015-07-18 3600: 3596: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3577: 3570: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3547: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3526: 3514: 3510: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3461: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3403:Presbyterians 3394: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3344: 3342: 3335: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3298: 3293: 3290: 3278: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3206: 3201: 3199: 3194: 3192: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3169: 3168:Protestantism 3165: 3161: 3160: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3129:Circuit rider 3127: 3126: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3099: 3098: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3056: 3055:Penitent band 3053: 3052: 3051: 3050:Class meeting 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2966: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2939:Phoebe Palmer 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2924:Albert Outler 2922: 2920: 2919:Howell Harris 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2879:Richard Allen 2877: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2780: 2779: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2727:Real presence 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2672:of the saints 2668: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2648: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2606:New Testament 2604: 2602: 2601:Old Testament 2599: 2598: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2574: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2555:Nonconformism 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2472: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2420: 2419:justification 2416: 2410: 2405: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2309:justification 2306: 2302: 2298: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2246: 2244: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2049:Charles Hodge 2046: 2042: 2041:United States 2037: 2035: 2032:(1703–58) in 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1992:(1616–1683), 1991: 1987: 1984: 1979: 1978:distinction. 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1789:Real Presence 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1769:Real Presence 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1749:typologically 1746: 1745:New Testament 1741: 1737: 1730:Lord's Supper 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1683:Lord's Supper 1680: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1604: 1601: 1600:Moses Amyraut 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1528:New Testament 1526:). The term " 1525: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1466:Old Testament 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1426: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1340: 1331: 1329: 1328:Romans 10:6–8 1324: 1320: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:Charles Hodge 1296: 1295:Exodus 20:1–2 1292: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1248: 1242: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1194:Galatians 3:7 1191: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1176:Genesis 17:10 1173: 1170:covenant was 1169: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1144:covenant is: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 992:Edward Fisher 989: 988:Thomas Boston 985: 975: 973: 963: 961: 956: 952: 948: 944: 943:Dudley Fenner 940: 938: 937:foedus operum 931: 929: 926: 922: 918: 914: 913:foedus operum 910: 900: 891: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 868:chosen people 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 820: 819:soteriology. 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 793:Presbyterians 790: 786: 782: 778: 773: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 718:covenantalism 715: 704: 699: 697: 692: 690: 685: 684: 682: 681: 678: 673: 668: 667: 666:Protestantism 663: 659: 658: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 632: 629: 628:Organizations 624: 623: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 600:New Calvinism 598: 596: 593: 591: 590:Neo-Calvinism 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 552: 546: 545: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 521: 520:United States 518: 516: 513: 512: 511: 508: 506: 503: 502: 499: 498:Denominations 494: 493: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 415:Charles Hodge 413: 411: 408: 406: 405:Philip Schaff 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 370:Moses Amyraut 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 350:Theodore Beza 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 307: 306: 298: 297: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 279: 275: 271: 268: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 250: 249: 246: 244: 241: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 223: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 208: 207: 204: 202: 199: 198: 197: 196:List of texts 189: 188: 181: 180:Scholasticism 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 165:Lord's Supper 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 139: 136: 134: 131: 130: 124: 123: 116: 115:Protestantism 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 102: 96: 95: 91: 87: 86:Theodore Beza 83: 79: 78:William Farel 75: 70: 66: 65: 62: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 44: 37: 33: 19: 5165: 5150:. Retrieved 5147:First Things 5146: 5126: 5087: 5074: 5061: 5045: 5016: 5005: 4961: 4939: 4922: 4901: 4875: 4853: 4830: 4815: 4794: 4791:Murray, John 4773: 4755: 4729: 4703: 4696:Faber, Jelle 4677: 4637:Chapter VIII 4604: 4585: 4561: 4550:, retrieved 4545: 4540:Gill, John, 4532: 4525:Bibliography 4495: 4489: 4479: 4473: 4450: 4444: 4427: 4422: 4410:. Retrieved 4401: 4394: 4385: 4381: 4371: 4352: 4334: 4330: 4303: 4297: 4285: 4266: 4261: 4252: 4220: 4214: 4205: 4182:. Retrieved 4177: 4167: 4158: 4152: 4143: 4134: 4125: 4119: 4107: 4095: 4086: 4083:Murray, John 4077: 4068: 4059: 4050: 4041: 4032: 4028: 4019: 4000: 3991: 3981: 3971: 3962: 3953: 3941: 3930:. Retrieved 3925: 3916: 3893: 3887: 3871: 3855: 3846: 3840: 3828: 3816: 3804: 3793:. Retrieved 3789: 3779: 3770: 3764: 3744: 3737: 3726:. Retrieved 3722: 3698: 3686: 3677: 3664: 3655: 3649: 3633: 3623: 3614: 3603:. Retrieved 3599:the original 3583: 3576: 3523: 3516:. Retrieved 3503: 3443: 3439: 3435:New Covenant 3431:Old Covenant 3400: 3371: 3357:that though 3352: 3340: 3337: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3306: 3295: 3286: 3275: 3260:. Under the 3253: 3234: 3229: 3214: 3164:Christianity 3162: 3024:Organization 3009: 2929:James Varick 2899:Orange Scott 2828:Tent revival 2818:Camp meeting 2790: 2757:Views on sin 2686: 2644: 2636: 2629: 2618:Nicene Creed 2469: 2460: 2456: 2453:R. C. Sproul 2444: 2423: 2412: 2407: 2399: 2372: 2357:commentaries 2354: 2344:(1562), the 2340:(1561), the 2336:(1560), the 2332:(1559), the 2294: 2252: 2239: 2233: 2223: 2216: 2209: 2202: 2163: 2141: 2138:Developments 2108:R. C. Sproul 2096:J. I. Packer 2081: 2038: 2033: 2025: 2017: 2009: 2005: 1997: 1993: 1980: 1971: 1967: 1959: 1955: 1947: 1939: 1929: 1916: 1872:Credobaptist 1870: 1862:circumcision 1844: 1823: 1810:Paedobaptist 1808: 1776: 1733: 1716:tree of life 1707: 1705: 1694: 1676: 1629:federal head 1610: 1598: 1577:New Covenant 1543:Genesis 6, 9 1536: 1532:New Covenant 1531: 1431:New Covenant 1428: 1425:New Covenant 1419:New Covenant 1405: 1363: 1346: 1337: 1316: 1302: 1290: 1288: 1284:Old Covenant 1283: 1265: 1244: 1228: 1180:Jeremiah 4:4 1172:circumcision 1162:Genesis 15:6 1156:Genesis 17:7 1150:Genesis 17:7 1139: 1128:Apostle Paul 1109: 1093: 1036: 1032: 1012:eternal life 1009: 981: 972:Genesis 3:15 969: 934: 932: 906: 897: 871: 852:old covenant 851: 847: 832:New Covenant 828:Old Covenant 821: 774: 770:Consummation 734:interpretive 725: 721: 717: 713: 712: 662:Christianity 660: 510:Presbyterian 475:J. I. Packer 320:Martin Bucer 276: 201:Geneva Bible 137: 105:Christianity 5208:Arminianism 5162:Hahn, Scott 5002:on covenant 4734:Baker Books 4641:Chapter XIX 4633:Chapter VII 4546:Deuteronomy 4112:Horton 2006 3946:Letham 2009 3821:Letham 2009 3809:Letham 2009 3703:Letham 2009 3250:John Wesley 3239:view, only 3224:soteriology 2957:Theologians 2889:Thomas Coke 2866:John Wesley 2550:Moravianism 2540:Arminianism 2535:Anglicanism 2505:John Wesley 2280:evangelical 2263:John Murray 2145:John Wesley 2069:Netherlands 2053:A. A. Hodge 1926:John Calvin 1785:Lutheranism 1773:Holy Spirit 1701:Holy Spirit 1657:Philippians 1458:Isaiah 49:8 1258:Deuteronomy 1016:Holy Spirit 955:John Calvin 560:Amyraldians 515:South Korea 435:John Machen 335:John Calvin 301:Theologians 206:Confessions 110:Reformation 82:John Calvin 36:Covenanters 5187:Categories 4674:Ball, John 4552:2014-07-01 4290:Rodes 2014 4140:Sproul, RC 4100:Kline 2000 4035:: 279–287. 3932:2022-11-09 3833:Jones 2011 3795:2022-10-30 3728:2022-10-30 3691:Jones 2011 3620:Owen, John 3605:2015-02-21 3569:Rodes 2014 3495:References 3266:sacraments 3258:Mosaic Law 3252:'s sermon 2823:Tabernacle 2808:Altar call 2514:Background 2255:Karl Barth 2201:Preamble ( 2195:Suzerainty 1976:law-gospel 1931:Institutes 1907:born again 1819:Genesis 17 1803:See also: 1753:Israelites 1722:, and the 1687:sacraments 1664:Revelation 1377:; 2 Kings 1076:, and the 834:(with the 781:scriptural 766:Redemption 726:federalism 585:Neonomians 555:Afrikaners 445:Karl Barth 410:John Nevin 99:Background 5012:John Ball 4676:(2006) , 4667:Advocates 4566:Göttingen 3374:connexion 3367:free will 3216:Methodism 2838:Lovefeast 2712:Free will 2707:New birth 2702:Moral law 2492:Methodism 2434:corrupted 2377:Olevianus 2284:Calvinist 2149:Methodism 2012:, 1648), 1990:John Owen 1880:John Gill 1765:Eucharist 1761:Calvinism 1736:Eucharist 1708:sacrament 1647:, though 1645:John Owen 1633:atonement 1515:(Matthew 1491:(Matthew 1319:John Gill 1277:Leviticus 1233:Rembrandt 1201:Abrahamic 1190:Abrahamic 1168:Abrahamic 1142:Abrahamic 1132:Galatians 1112:Abrahamic 1100:8:20–9:17 1074:Bullinger 1066:Olevianus 1000:John Owen 933:The term 872:abandoned 813:Methodist 811:of 1689. 570:Huguenots 549:Movements 380:John Owen 340:John Knox 90:John Knox 5164:(1998). 4986:Ligonier 4874:(1996), 4814:(1998). 4754:(2000), 4728:(2006), 4631:(1647), 4584:(2009), 4142:(1999). 4067:(2003). 4049:(1989). 3999:(2008). 3979:(1804). 3896:. Erie, 3672:(1864), 3518:11 April 3457:See also 3447:typology 3433:and the 3423:The Fall 3378:covenant 3363:humanity 3346:— 3300:— 3280:— 3220:Arminian 2976:Churches 2579:Doctrine 2484:a series 2482:Part of 2457:on works 2430:heavenly 2361:dogmatic 2352:(1566). 2276:mainline 2184:treaties 2177:Suzerain 1899:31:31–34 1896:Jeremiah 1854:children 1840:16:31–34 1836:16:14–15 1815:familial 1740:Passover 1681:and the 1589:legalism 1570:2 Samuel 1564:), with 1553:), with 1545:), with 1462:Passover 1442:Jeremiah 1413:37:24–28 1398:13:12–14 1395:Jeremiah 1391:23:26–27 1383:19:32–34 1371:11:26–39 1353:2 Samuel 1078:Puritans 817:Arminian 758:Creation 746:covenant 615:Puritans 605:Pilgrims 537:Anglican 127:Theology 53:a series 51:Part of 4993:in the 4955:Critics 4702:(ed.), 4515:Denault 4336:heaven. 4184:27 June 3959:"XXVII" 3926:opc.org 3723:opc.org 3546:Denault 3427:Genesis 3391:fasting 3341:Sermons 3317:saviour 3136:Steward 2952:Bishops 2784:Worship 2560:Pietism 2521:History 2413:Kline, 2381:Rollock 2324:in the 2192:Hittite 2186:of the 2039:In the 1983:British 1913:History 1892:worship 1846:Baptism 1829:2:38–39 1824:In the 1799:Baptism 1793:Baptist 1724:Sabbath 1679:Baptism 1613:Godhead 1547:Abraham 1513:Solomon 1485:5:17–18 1482:Matthew 1439:prophet 1435:messiah 1368:1 Kings 1349:Davidic 1215:Israel. 1205:Abraham 1126:). The 1124:11:8–16 960:Genesis 928:5:12–21 876:Messiah 850:of the 848:reading 754:history 728:) is a 160:Baptism 5172: 5152:8 July 5134:, 1954 5090:(2000) 4968: 4946: 4929: 4908: 4886: 4860: 4841: 4822: 4805: 4784: 4762: 4740: 4714: 4684: 4652:(1675) 4611: 4592: 4461: 4412:5 June 4359: 4310: 4273: 4227: 4007: 3904: 3752: 3591: 3311:, the 3262:Gospel 2973:Groups 2856:People 2613:Creeds 2437:sinner 2261:, and 2181:Vassal 2130:, and 2077:Gospel 2063:, and 2043:, the 2020:, and 1996:, and 1882:, and 1718:, the 1714:, the 1667:5:9–10 1660:2:5–11 1623:, and 1621:suffer 1559:Exodus 1452:). At 1375:15:1–8 1358:. The 1307:Gospel 1270:Exodus 1251:Exodus 1247:Mosaic 1235:(1659) 1096:Noahic 1070:Luther 1062:Calvin 1024:active 925:Romans 882:, who 88:, and 5073:from 5060:from 5044:from 4494:"7", 4478:"7", 4180:. NNU 2596:Bible 2449:22:29 2447:Luke 2441:Jesus 2396:Kline 2272:faith 2268:grace 1850:faith 1627:as a 1566:David 1562:19–24 1555:Moses 1517:12:42 1501:Aaron 1497:3:5–6 1493:12:41 1489:Jonah 1402:exile 1280:26:12 1254:19–24 1050:Latin 1042:Latin 909:Latin 789:dogma 738:Bible 724:, or 192:Texts 5170:ISBN 5154:2018 5040:and 4966:ISBN 4944:ISBN 4927:ISBN 4906:ISBN 4884:ISBN 4858:ISBN 4839:ISBN 4820:ISBN 4803:ISBN 4782:ISBN 4760:ISBN 4738:ISBN 4712:ISBN 4682:ISBN 4643:and 4609:ISBN 4590:ISBN 4542:"29" 4459:ISBN 4414:2021 4357:ISBN 4308:ISBN 4271:ISBN 4225:ISBN 4186:2017 4005:ISBN 3902:ISBN 3876:Gill 3860:Gill 3750:ISBN 3644:: 5. 3638:Gill 3589:ISBN 3520:2022 3355:fact 3323:and 3315:and 3313:head 3243:and 3241:Adam 2428:for 2379:and 2359:and 2320:and 2318:Adam 2270:and 2106:and 1920:and 1833:Acts 1783:and 1734:The 1662:and 1643:and 1539:Noah 1524:1:32 1521:Luke 1505:9:12 1478:Adam 1429:The 1387:21:7 1379:8:19 1360:Lord 1347:The 1262:Lord 1245:The 1140:The 1135:3:16 1110:The 1094:The 1064:and 1028:3:15 998:and 921:Adam 864:Jews 762:Fall 5130:by 5077:by 5064:by 5030:by 5021:by 5010:by 3425:in 3359:God 3327:." 3245:Eve 3222:in 2445:cf. 2426:law 2322:God 2295:At 2079:). 1903:law 1866:sin 1625:die 1415:). 1273:6:7 1231:by 1137:). 838:in 768:to 764:to 760:to 5189:: 5145:. 4984:- 4880:CA 4837:, 4801:. 4780:. 4776:. 4736:, 4708:CA 4639:, 4635:, 4572:: 4570:DE 4568:, 4564:, 4544:, 4505:^ 4453:. 4430:. 4405:. 4386:18 4384:. 4380:. 4343:^ 4322:^ 4239:^ 4194:^ 4176:. 4085:. 4033:64 4031:. 3961:, 3924:. 3898:CO 3880:30 3878:, 3864:29 3862:, 3788:. 3721:. 3710:^ 3676:, 3642:30 3640:, 3553:^ 3532:^ 3522:. 3511:. 3393:. 3166:• 2486:on 2371:, 2257:, 2234:cf 2224:cf 2217:cf 2210:cf 2203:cf 2151:. 2134:. 2126:, 2122:, 2118:, 2114:, 2102:, 2098:, 2094:, 2090:, 2086:, 2071:, 2059:, 2055:, 2051:, 1878:, 1838:; 1619:, 1509:26 1507:, 1450:33 1408:. 1406:cf 1393:; 1389:, 1381:, 1373:, 1366:. 1364:cf 1330:. 1293:. 1291:cf 1286:. 1275:, 1268:. 1266:cf 1207:, 1182:, 1174:. 1072:, 1052:: 1044:: 1002:. 994:, 990:, 911:: 890:. 878:, 720:, 664:• 84:, 80:, 55:on 5178:. 5156:. 4950:. 4915:. 4893:. 4867:. 4848:. 4769:. 4747:. 4721:. 4691:. 4618:. 4599:. 4577:. 4556:. 4536:. 4500:. 4484:. 4467:. 4416:. 4365:. 4316:. 4279:. 4233:. 4188:. 4013:. 3935:. 3910:. 3882:. 3866:. 3798:. 3773:. 3758:. 3731:. 3659:. 3628:. 3608:. 3204:e 3197:t 3190:v 2527:) 2523:( 2179:– 2047:( 2008:( 1970:( 1958:( 1938:( 1928:( 1573:7 1568:( 1557:( 1549:( 1541:( 1472:( 1448:– 1444:( 1356:7 702:e 695:t 688:v 45:. 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index