3437:, under the same "substance" but different "administrations". The Covenant of Grace, the Old Covenant, and the New Covenant then, all have the same substance though only differ in the fact that the Old Covenant and the New Covenant constitute two separate administrations of that single substance. Covenant theology under the Second London Baptist Confession, in contrast, also sees the Covenant of Grace as beginning with The Fall in Genesis 3, and continuing through the Old Covenant and the New Covenant. But it sees the substance of the Covenant of Grace as being the same as the New Covenant, though not the Old Covenant. The Covenant of Grace, then, is the same thing as the New Covenant. As such, the Covenant of Grace coexists with the Old Covenant though is not the Old Covenant. Instead, under the Old Covenant it is a series of promises that point towards the New Covenant, and won't be realized until that point.
3449:, and as such consist of "types" and "antitypes", where the "type" is the explicit purpose of that covenant, but the "antitype" is the way in which that covenant points towards the promises of the Covenant of Grace through the New Covenant. Salvation was therefore possible for people under the Old Covenant through the Covenant of Grace if they had saving faith in these promises. Covenant theology under Westminster Federalism allows paedobaptism since it sees a greater continuity between the Old Covenant and the New Covenant. Covenant theology under 1689 Federalism, in contrast, supports credobaptism under the
3297:
covenant character, and is rightly considered as a mystery or sacrament. Of the blessings of this covenant it is the SIGN, holding forth the washing away of sin, and the pouring out of the Holy Ghost; and it is the SEAL, inasmuch as, being administered under the command of Christ, it is a constant PLEDGE of His unchangeably gracious intentions to those that believe and are baptized; while our submission to this rite is that act by which we accept and make ourselves parties to this covenant of grace and salvation, claiming its blessing, and binding ourselves to fulfil its conditions.
3445:
the New
Covenant are several other covenants, in particular the covenant of Abraham, the covenant of Moses, and the covenant of David. But these covenants are "works and law" covenants and not "redemptive" covenants, since they exist only for specific earthly purposes in space and time, such as to allow Israel to live in the promised land under the conditions given in the covenant. Though their substance is different from the Covenant of Grace, and are therefore not part of that covenant, they do point to the promises in that covenant. They do this by drawing on
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3441:
Covenant, the covenant is administered by "the preaching of the Word, and the administration of the sacraments" so that "there are not, therefore, two covenants of grace differing in substance, but one and the same under various dispensations. In contrast, the Second London
Baptist Confession of Faith condenses this all down to say that the Covenant of Grace was revealed progressively over Old Testament history after Genesis 3 "by further steps, until the full discovery thereof was completed in the New Testament."
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still be under condemnation. The gospel truth, however, is that Christ has performed the one act of righteousness and by His obedience of the one the many are made righteous (Rom 5:18, 19)… . Underlying Christ's mediatorship of a covenant of grace for the salvation of believers is His earthly fulfillment, through meritorious obedience, of His heavenly covenant of works with the Father. …What begins as a rejection of works ends up as an attack, however unintentional, on the biblical message of saving grace.
69:
2500:
672:
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3256:: "The Apostle does not here oppose the covenant given by Moses, to the covenant given by Christ. …But it is the covenant of grace, which God, through Christ, hath established with men in all ages". The covenant of grace was therefore administered through "promises, prophecies, sacrifices, and at last by circumcision" during the patriarchal ages and through "the paschal lamb, the scape goat, the priesthood of Aaron" under
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writes, "The function of law within
Scripture is the maintenance of relationship, not the creation of relationship. Legal obligation is not the precondition for life and relationship. Rather, life and relationship form the necessary environment for obligation." While this view still affirms the necessity of the merit of Christ, it departs from Kline's construal of merit as a fundamental principle of the covenant of works.
1821:"You are to undergo circumcision, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and you. 12 For the generations to come every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised, including those born in your household or bought with money from a foreigner—those who are not your offspring. 13 Whether born in your household or bought with your money, they must be circumcised."
1831:, the promise is seen to extend to the children of believers as it always was in the Abrahamic Covenant. The Biblical covenants between God and man include signs and seals that visibly represent the realities behind the covenants. These visible signs and symbols of God's covenant redemption are administered in a corporate manner (for instance, to households—see
1102:. Although redemption motifs are prominent as Noah and his family are delivered from the judgment waters, the narrative of the flood plays on the creation motifs of Genesis 1 as de-creation and re-creation. The formal terms of the covenant itself more reflect a reaffirmation of the universal created order, than a particular redemptive promise.
1305:: (1) The Law of Moses was in first place a reenactment of the covenant of works; viewed this way, it is the ministration of condemnation and death. (2) It was also a national covenant, giving national blessings based on national obedience; in this way it was purely legal. (3) In the sacrificial system, it points to the
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But as the entrance into the Jewish Church was by circumcision, so the entrance into the
Christian Church is by baptism. Hence its administration is here prescribed to those who are made disciples, and as such disposed to become formally the members of Christ's Church. Hence it derives its federal or
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This covenant, the blood of Christ, that is, the pouring forth of His blood as a sacrificial victim, at once procured and ratified; so that it stands firm to all truly penitent and contrite spirits who believe in Him: and of this great truth, the Lord's Supper was the instituted sign and seal; and he
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If meritorious works could not be predicated of Jesus Christ as second Adam, then obviously there would be no meritorious achievement to be imputed to His people as the ground of their justification-approbation. The gospel invitation would turn out to be a mirage. We who have believed on Christ would
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meal, to which he gave a radical reinterpretation. The festival of
Passover commemorates the Israelites' deliverance from Egypt – specifically, how the lamb's blood which God commanded them to place on their door posts caused the Angel of Death to "pass over" their dwellings, so that their firstborn
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On the other hand, Calvinist theologians more in line with Murray tend to say that works were never meant to be the basis for grace, but that grace precedes the call for obedience. Consequently, works are the necessary response to grace and not the precondition for it. For example, Michael
Williams
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Nehemiah 13:29 which refers to "the covenant of the priesthood and the
Levites", Malachi 2:8 who speaks of "the covenant of Levi," and Jeremiah 33:21 who points to the "covenant with the Levitical priests." Van Dorn argues that the covenant document for this covenant is the book of Leviticus itself.
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Covenant theologians argue that the
Abrahamic Covenant is still in force, and that God's covenantal promise "to be your God and the God of your descendants after you" still stands for every believer. The argument that the administration of all (other) Biblical covenants, including the New Covenant,
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Covenant theology is a hermeneutical framework that seeks to understand the Bible according to its covenantal structure. Covenant theology is particularly associated with
Reformed theology, as the Reformed tradition has devoted much attention to studying the biblical covenants. As Dr. R. C. Sproul
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Since the
Covenant of Works and the Covenant of Grace are the only redemptive covenants, stemming from the Covenant of Redemption, salvation is only possible through the Covenant of Grace, as in the covenant theology of standard Westminster pedobaptist federalism. Between The Fall in Genesis 3 and
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The Westminster Confession of Faith outlines this "one substance, two administrations" understanding by specifying that under the Old Covenant, the covenant was "administered by promises, prophecies, sacrifices, circumcision, the paschal lamb, and other types and ordinances", while under the New
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Kline has argued that comparisons between the suzerain-vassal treaties and royal grants of the Ancient Near East provide insight in highlighting certain distinctive features of the Mosaic covenant as a law covenant, in contrast with the other historic post-Fall covenants. Many who have embraced
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as a covenant is present in the early confessions even if the Covenant of Works is not explicitly named. Examples include Belgic Confession, article 14, which speaks of Adam having received and transgressed the "commandment of life"; or Heidelberg Catechism, Question and Answer 6 affirming the
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Other commentators, such as Douglas Van Dorn, recognize a separate priestly covenant, independent of the Mosaic covenant (which he takes as a prophetic covenant). In taken with the Davidic (kingly) covenant, this represents the three offices of Christ. Van Dorn argues this case on the basis of
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The covenant of grace runs through the Old and New Testaments, and is the same in substance under both the law and gospel, though there is some difference in the administration. Under the law, the sacrifices, prophesies, and other types and ordinances of the Jews signified Christ, and men were
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The point of divergence is Wesley’s conviction that not only is the inauguration of the covenant of grace coincidental with the fall, but so is the termination of the covenant of works. This conviction is of supreme importance for Wesley in facilitating an Arminian adaptation of covenant
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teaches: "The Baptismal Covenant is God's word to us, proclaiming our adoption by grace, and our word to God, promising our response of faith and love. Those within the covenant constitute the community we call the Church". Watson explicates Wesleyan-Arminian theology regarding baptism:
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churches, Murray acknowledged the traditional concept of a works principle as a condition for life with Adam in the Garden of Eden, comparing Adam's works to the works of Christ. He disputed its label as a covenant, however, preferring to call this arrangement the Adamic administration.
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were under the covenant of works, while on the other hand, all of their progeny are under the covenant of grace. With Mosaic Law belonging to the covenant of grace, all of humanity is brought "within the reach of the provisions of that covenant." This belief is reflected in
2417:, and others have sought to uphold the distinction of two sorts of covenant traditions: one based on merit, earned by obedience to law (works), and the other on promise (grace). While the consensus in Calvinist theology is that works are antithetical to grace as the means of
1048:) on the part of God, but also entailed conditions on the part of men. The conditions of the covenant of grace were spoken of as assumptive and confirmatory rather than duties required in order to receive the covenant. The covenant was therefore also bilateral or dipleuric (
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Every part of this law must remain in force upon all mankind in all ages, as not depending either on time or place, nor on any other circumstances liable to change; but on the nature of God and the nature of man, and their unchangeable relation to each other" (Wesley's
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and few others proposed that the Mosaic Covenant is a third kind of substance, called the Subservient Covenant, as opposed to most covenant theologians Moses Amyraut did not hold that the two substances are only the "Covenant of Grace" and the "Covenant of Works".
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who in faith drinks of the cup, having reference to its signification, that blood of Christ which confirms to true believers the whole covenant of grace, is assured thereby of its faithfulness and permanence, and derives to Himself the fulness of its blessings.
974:, and shows His redeeming care in clothing Adam and Eve in garments of skin—perhaps picturing the first instance of animal sacrifice. The specific covenants after the fall of Adam are seen as administered under the overarching theological covenant of grace.
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The moral law contained in the Ten Commandments and enforced by the prophets, he (Christ) did not take away. It was not the design of His coming to revoke any part of this. This is a law which never can be broken. It stands fast as the faithful witness in
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God's covenantal relationship with God's creation is not made automatically or out of necessity. Rather, God chooses to establish the connection as a covenant, wherein the terms of the relationship are set down by God alone according to God's own will.
930:). God offered Adam a perfect and perpetual life if he did not violate God's single commandment, but warned that death would follow if he disobeyed that commandment. Adam broke the covenant, thus standing condemned as representative for all humankind.
1669:. Some covenant theologians have denied the intra-Trinitarian covenant of redemption, or have questioned the notion of the Son's works leading to the reward of gaining a people for God, or have challenged the covenantal nature of this arrangement.
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to the believer. He argued that Jesus' own justification was due to His faith and obedience. In the same way then, the believer must be justified before God by faith and obedience. Shepherd's followers claim that the Covenant of Works between
1118:. In contrast with the covenants made with Adam or Noah which were universal in scope, this covenant was with a particular people. Abraham is promised a seed and a land, although he would not see its fruition within his own lifetime. The
1056:). Scholars have challenged the notion in contemporary scholarship that Genevan Reformers taught a unilateral and unconditional covenant relationship whilst the Rhineland Reformers taught a bilateral contractual relationship. Mark Jones,
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have departed from the traditional recognition of a covenant of works in classical covenant theology to develop a monocovenantal scheme subsuming everything under one Covenant of Grace. The focus of all biblical covenants is then on
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with God and the Church through the making of vows. On New Year's Eve, congregations belonging to various Methodist connexions, such as the United Methodist Church, Free Methodist Church and Pilgrim Holiness Church, conduct a
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Romans 11 teaches disobedient Jews are broken off of the family tree of Abraham. It is only after the full number of the Gentiles have been grafted into Abraham's family tree that God will pour out His mercy on the people of
3421:, published in 1689. The principal difference between these two variants of covenant theology is their understanding of the Covenant of Grace. Standard Westminster covenant theology sees the Covenant of Grace beginning with
3226:, it discards the "predestinarian template of Reformed theology that was part and parcel of its historical development." The main difference between Wesleyan covenant theology and classical covenant theology is as follows:
2311:. His views involved a reconfiguration of covenant theology that went beyond those of Murray, his predecessor. Shepherd denied any notion of a works or merit principle, leading to a denial of the imputation of Christ's
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writes of a probationary period for Adam, a promise of life for obedience, and the federal headship of Adam, but he does not write of a covenant of works. It is not referred to as a covenant in the opening chapters of
2142:
There have been recent developments in classical covenant theology by Reformed (Calvinist) pastors and theologians. Wesleyan covenant theology, a variation of classical covenant theology, was designed by
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a distinct and gracious covenant, involving circumcision of the heart, which foresees the embrace of the Gentiles and which is looked back upon as distinct from the Mosaic Covenant by the Apostle Paul in
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According to covenant theology, Paul makes it clear that baptism is the external sign of faith in Christ ("…you were baptized into Christ…"), and that through faith in Christ the believer is part of the
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justified by their faith in Him just as they would be under the gospel. These were done away with the coming of Christ, and replaced with the much simpler sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper.
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proclaims that He will build a house and lineage for David, establishing His kingdom and throne forever. This covenant is appealed to as God preserves David's descendants despite their wickedness (
1817:, corporate inclusion, or "generational succession" is therefore of secondary importance to whether infants should be baptized or not. The familial nature of the Abrahamic covenant is undisputed.
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because they are explicitly described in the Bible. Under the covenantal overview of the Bible, submission to God's rule and living in accordance with His moral law (expressed concisely in the
1192:
covenant is eternal, the followers of Christ are "children of Abraham" and therefore part of this covenant through faith. "Understand, then, that those who have faith are children of Abraham."
1942:), focused on the continuity of the covenant of grace, but taught the substance of what became classic covenant theology in terms of Law and Gospel. Early post-reformation writings, including
1022:
covenantal representative fulfilling the covenant of works on their behalf, in both the positive requirements of righteousness and its negative penal consequences (commonly described as His
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was not originally part of covenant theology, following John Murray's observation that a covenant of works at creation does not receive explicit mention in early confessions such as the
1848:
is considered to be the visible New Testament sign of entrance into the Abrahamic Covenant and therefore may be administered individually to new believers making a public profession of
2392:(1646) explicitly names the Covenant of Works which Adam transgressed (7.2; 19.1), and which "continues to be a perfect rule of righteousness" in the form of the moral law (19.2, 3).
1677:
In Reformed theology, a sacrament is usually defined as a sign and seal of the covenant of grace. Since covenant theology today is mainly Reformed in its outlook, proponents view
949:
had mentioned a covenant of creation in 1562. The concept of the covenant of works became commonly recognized in Reformed theology by 1590, though not by all; some members of the
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theology—first, by reconfiguring the reach of the covenant of grace; and second, by disallowing any notion that there is a reinvigoration of the covenant of works beyond the fall.
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Covenant theology first sees a covenant of works administered with Adam in the Garden of Eden. Upon Adam's failure, God established the covenant of grace in the promised seed
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2424:
On the one hand, Calvinist theologians were more in line with Kline tend to say that works are ultimately the basis for grace, since God requires perfect upholding of the
1655:, but the idea of a contractual relationship between the Father and Son is present. Scriptural support for such a covenant may be found in Psalms 2 and 110, Isaiah 53,
1591:). Even in His giving of the Ten Commandments, God introduces His law by reminding the Israelites that he is the one who brought them out of slavery in Egypt (grace).
842:). That such a framework exists appears at least feasible, since from New Testament times the Bible of Israel has been known as the Old Testament (i.e., Covenant; see
4292:, p. 224: ‘For Wesley as for his Calvinist counterparts, every provision of grace throughout all ages flows only and always from the reconciling work of Christ.’
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since it sees less direct continuity between the Old Covenant and the New Covenant, even if it still sees major continuity through the overarching Covenant of Grace.
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627:
1030:, with the promise of a "seed" of the woman who would crush the serpent's head, is usually identified as the historical inauguration for the covenant of grace.
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reemphasized the idea of a covenant of works as expressed in the Westminster Confession of Faith 7.2 as a means to protect a gospel of grace. Kline wrote:
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1894:(including baptism) must be based on explicit commands of Scripture, is violated by infant baptism. Furthermore, because the New Covenant is described in
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1282:), particularly displayed as His glory-presence comes to dwell in the midst of the people. This covenant is the one most in view when referring to the
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3389:, so that Methodist believers can personally renew their covenant with the Creator every year; this liturgy is traditionally preceded by prayer and
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649:
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862:" or as "replacement theology", due to the perception that it teaches that God has abandoned the promises made to the Jews and has replaced the
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1211:. Non-covenantal theology does not teach that the Abrahamic covenant is inherited by gentiles, and thus presents a different view of baptism.
803:" or "1689 Federalism", to distinguish it from the standard covenant theology of Presbyterian "Westminster Federalism". It is associated with
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Covenentalists call these three covenants "theological" because, though not explicitly presented as such in the Bible, they are thought of as
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644:
2711:
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followed the main lines of the classic view, teaching the Covenant of Redemption, the Covenant of Works (Law), and the Covenant of Grace (
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962:, but is referred to as a covenant in Hosea 6:7, "But like Adam, they transgressed the covenant; there, they dealt faithlessly with Me."
304:
2383:. Additionally, defenders of the merit-based view argue that the concept of this works principle operating in the pre-Fall state in the
1924:
were among the first reformers to speak of God's salvation economy under the categories of a covenant of works and a covenant of grace.
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2524:
808:
791:, but as the structure by which the biblical text organizes itself. The most well-known form of Covenant Theology is associated with
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covenant ("Abraham's seed"). This provides the basis for the doctrine that baptism is the New Testament sign of God's covenant with
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and is most often used for the collection of books in the Bible, but can also refer to the New Covenant as a theological concept.
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in this sense, which are sometimes called "church ordinances." Along with the preached word, they are identified as an ordinary
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Some of Shepherd's critics contend that the concept of a works principle distinct from a Covenant of Grace is evident in the
164:
31:
1060:, J. Mark Beach, and John Von Rohr have argued that Leonard Trinterud's identification of the apparent polarisation between
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This article is about the Reformed or Wesleyan-Arminian theological framework. For the Catholic theological approach, see
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explains that he was looking to a better and heavenly land, a city with foundations, whose builder and architect is God (
693:
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1860:). In this view, baptism is thus seen as the functional replacement and sacramental equivalent of the Abrahamic rite of
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As with the Reformed view, the founder of the movement, John Wesley held that the moral law, which is contained in the
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circles, conceived of grace as the fundamental reality underlying all of creation. Influential among more conservative
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886:, not as a separate replacement entity. Many covenant theologians have also seen a distinct future promise of gracious
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1852:. Paedobaptists further believe this extends corporately to the households of believers which typically would include
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1639:, glorify Him, and give Him a people. Two of the earliest theologians to write about the covenant of redemption were
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17:
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Wesleyan covenant theology is also seen in the Methodist theology of baptism, e.g. when introducing this sacrament,
2463:." The sinner is thus saved by Christ's works and not his own. Right standing before God is then due to an alien or
2274:. This has not been developed consistently between the various theologians. For example, Barth, influential in the
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in the 2nd millennium BC. One of the highlights of his work has been the comparison of the Mosaic Covenant with the
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hermeneutics traditionally use a variation of this, known as Wesleyan covenant theology, which is consistent with
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Drawn Into Controversie: Reformed Theological Diversity and Debates Within Seventeenth-Century British Puritanism
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which has become known as the New Testament (or Covenant). Detractors of covenant theology often refer to it as "
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772:, under the framework of three overarching theological covenants: those of redemption, of works, and of grace.
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4089:. Collected Writings of John Murray. Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom: Banner of Truth. pp. 217–218.
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His promises to Israel, but see the fulfillment of the promises to Israel in the person and the work of the
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Treaty formula. A suggested comparison of the treaty structure with the book of Deuteronomy is as follows:
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1886:) hold that baptism is only for those who can understand and profess their faith, and they argue that the
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An exposition of the gospels of St. Matthew and St. Mark: and some other detached parts of Holy Scripture
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The covenant of grace became the basis for all future covenants that God made with mankind such as with
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3674:"Sermon preached in June 1864 for the British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews"
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received by faith, not by personal faithfulness which is the fruition of salvation and not its ground.
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and passive obedience). It is the historical expression of the eternal covenant of redemption. Genesis
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1260:, expands on the Abrahamic promise of a people and a land. Repeatedly mentioned is the promise of the
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written on their hearts and would know God, Baptist Covenant Theologians believe only those who are
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3413:" or "1689 federalism", to distinguish it from "Westminster federalism", and is associated with
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2375:). There is also explicit articulation of a Covenant of Works in the writings of those such as
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for salvation. The benefits of these rites do not occur from participating in the rite itself (
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1974:, 1597), developed the covenant of works and covenant of grace scheme along the lines of the
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The economy of the covenants, between God and man: Comprehending a complete body of divinity
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In Wesleyan covenant theology, the source of the covenant of grace is Jesus Christ, as "the
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collected by R. Scott Clark, associate professor of Historical and Systematic Theology at
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The baptism of disciples alone: A covenantal argument for credobaptism versus paedobaptism
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Theses, quotations from Reformed covenant theologians, and histories of covenant theology
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4921:(2001). "The Doctrine of the Covenant in Reformed Theology." In R. B. Gaffin Jr. (Ed.),
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4588:, The Westminster Assembly and the Reformed Faith, Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing,
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works of the earliest covenant theologians, particularly in the distinction made between
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2245:, that the Mosaic covenant was fundamentally an administration of the Covenant of Grace.
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1988:(particularly chap. 7, 8, 19), as well as in the writings of English theologians such as
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1580:
1572:
1272:
1084:
745:
554:
3958:
3369:
to follow Him, and "God is always the innocent party in cases where salvation is lost".
3353:
Wesleyan covenant theology, unlike Reformed classical covenant theology, emphasizes the
3282:
Richard Watson, An Exposition of the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Mark, pages 282, 318
2448:
1523:
1499:), leading His people to the heavenly promised land. He is the high priest greater than
1374:
5093:
4649:
4560:
Jones, Mark (2011), "The 'Old' Covenant", in Haykin, Michael A.G.; Jones, Mark (eds.),
4269:(Regular Black ed.). United Methodist Publishing House. 5 April 2016. p. 91.
3382:
3188:
3123:
2855:
2842:
2812:
2622:
2578:
2483:
1935:
1663:
1473:
1073:
749:
609:
464:
449:
359:
329:
269:
52:
5051:
4923:
Redemptive History and Biblical Interpretation: The Shorter Writings of Geerhardus Vos
4541:
3879:
3863:
3641:
1480:
and Israel's hope and consolation: he is the fulfillment of the law and the prophets (
1404:, there is hope of restoration under a Davidic king who will bring peace and justice (
1386:
1378:
469:
5169:
5078:
5070:
5065:
5027:
5006:
4965:
4943:
4926:
4905:
4897:
4883:
4857:
4838:
4819:
4811:
4802:
4781:
4759:
4751:
4737:
4711:
4681:
4608:
4589:
4458:
4356:
4307:
4270:
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4004:
3901:
3749:
3588:
3414:
3362:
3236:
3074:
3039:
2943:
2783:
2564:
2439:, it is Christ who perfectly obeyed the law in fulfillment of the covenant of works.
2401:
2368:
2360:
2337:
2329:
2191:
2187:
2164:
2091:
2064:
2001:
1943:
1780:
1640:
1481:
1037:
946:
823:
804:
741:
729:
531:
479:
459:
434:
374:
344:
225:
4981:
3786:""The Covenant of Works Revived:" John Owen on Republication in the Mosaic Covenant"
3508:
1355:
822:
As a framework for Biblical interpretation, covenant theology stands in contrast to
787:
treat classical covenant theology not merely as a point of doctrine or as a central
3847:
German Calvinism in the Confessional Age: The Covenant Theology of Caspar Olevianus
3331:
2721:
2716:
2376:
2356:
2333:
2168:
2013:
1951:
1917:
1902:
1895:
1883:
1723:
1695:
1584:
1394:
1224:
1065:
454:
384:
309:
288:
242:
73:
4962:
There Really Is a Difference: A Comparison of Covenant and Dispensational Theology
3719:"Report of the Committee to Study Republication: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church"
5022:
4935:
3976:
3745:
The Covenant Theology of Jonathan Edwards: Law, Gospel, and Evangelical Obedience
3426:
3044:
2802:
2549:
2459:. What Adam failed to achieve, Christ, the second Adam, succeeded in achieving.
2433:
2300:
2021:
1624:
1569:
1453:
1409:
1352:
1240:
1178:, but it has to be matched by an internal change, the circumcision of the heart.
1119:
959:
859:
839:
835:
574:
509:
4990:
4918:
4777:
3373:
3089:
3029:
2883:
2870:
2766:
2761:
2384:
2380:
2364:
2325:
2258:
2072:
2060:
2056:
1982:
1975:
1963:
1875:
1857:
1809:
1711:
1690:
1648:
1558:
1520:
1449:
1445:
1367:
1297:), a layer of law is prominent. Concerning this aspect of the Mosaic Covenant,
1269:
1250:
1049:
1041:
995:
916:
908:
564:
439:
429:
424:
419:
389:
364:
235:
42:
2000:. The classical statements among 17th century continental theologians include
1040:
theologians taught that the covenant was primarily unilateral or monopleuric (
744:, a competing form of biblical theology. It uses the theological concept of a
5186:
5031:
4605:
From Faith to Faith: John Wesley's Covenant Theology and the Way of Salvation
4581:
3402:
3167:
3054:
3049:
2938:
2923:
2918:
2908:
2605:
2600:
2520:
2048:
2040:
1788:
1768:
1744:
1599:
1527:
1465:
1298:
1069:
987:
942:
867:
792:
665:
599:
589:
414:
404:
369:
349:
114:
85:
77:
1587:) is a response to grace – never something which can earn God's acceptance (
1385:), although it did not stop judgment from finally arriving (compare 2 Kings
1018:
to the elect to give them willingness and ability to believe. Christ is the
982:
There is debate among the reformed if the Mosaic covenant was in some way a
5138:
5084:"Covenant Theology Illustrated: Romans 5 on the Federal Headship of Christ"
4902:
The New Schaff-Herzog Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
4139:
4027:(2002). "Law, Gospel, and Covenant: Reassessing Some Emerging Antitheses".
3434:
3430:
3390:
3163:
2928:
2898:
2827:
2817:
2617:
2452:
2317:
2267:
2107:
2095:
1956:
Concerning the Substance of the Covenant of Grace between God and the Elect
1890:, which many paedobaptists also advocate and which states that elements of
1871:
1628:
1579:
founded and fulfilled in Christ. These individual covenants are called the
1576:
1477:
1430:
1424:
1289:
Although it is a gracious covenant beginning with God's redemptive action (
1171:
1127:
920:
879:
831:
827:
661:
584:
474:
319:
200:
104:
68:
4565:
3985:. Vol. 1 (2nd American ed.). New York: Thomas Kirk. p. 126.
1651:
had hinted at the idea before them. This covenant is not mentioned in the
4733:
4695:
3422:
3249:
2865:
2837:
2539:
2534:
2504:
2279:
2144:
2068:
2052:
1925:
1784:
1772:
1700:
1257:
1061:
1015:
954:
761:
536:
334:
109:
81:
35:
3921:
3718:
5161:
4660:
4128:. Phillipsburg, New Jersey, United States: Presbyterian & Reformed.
3257:
3218:
maintains the superstructure of classical covenant theology, but being
2807:
2706:
2254:
2194:
2176:
1752:
1726:
are commonly considered to be the sacraments of the covenant of works.
1686:
780:
559:
444:
2241:
Kline's insights have still insisted, however, in accordance with the
1940:
A Brief Exposition of the One and Eternal Testament or Covenant of God
1791:
as an actual bodily presence of Christ, as well as from the generally
4698:(1996), "American Secession Theologians on Covenant and Baptism", in
3265:
3215:
2491:
2283:
2148:
1764:
1760:
1735:
1682:
1503:, offering up Himself as the perfect sacrifice once for all (Hebrews
1276:
1232:
812:
784:
765:
569:
339:
89:
4586:
The Westminster Assembly: Reading Its Theology in Historical Context
2082:
Recent well-known covenant theologians in the United States include
3897:
3219:
1856:, or individually to children or infants of believing parents (see
1739:
1461:
1456:, Jesus alludes to this prophecy, as well as to prophecies such as
1441:
1148:
Exclusive: it is only for Abraham and his (spiritual) descendants.
971:
816:
671:
614:
3680:, vol. 10 – via The Christian Classics Ethereal Library
2432:
reward. Since this is understood to be an impossible task for the
1759:
saves God's New Covenant people from being judged for their sins.
5166:
A Father Who Keeps His Promises: God's Covenant Love in Scripture
4569:
4161:. Phillipsburg, New Jersey, United States: P & R. p. 74.
3464:
3401:
The most well-known form of Covenant theology is associated with
3173:
2559:
1891:
1845:
1792:
1678:
1546:
1512:
1495:), and the Son over the house where Moses was a servant (Hebrews
1438:
1434:
1204:
1200:
1189:
1167:
1141:
1111:
1077:
875:
753:
4756:
Kingdom Prologue: Genesis Foundations for a Covenantal Worldview
1864:(Colossians 2:11–14) and symbolizes the internal cleansing from
986:. The view that there was such a republication was advocated by
4879:
4707:
3261:
2429:
2183:
2180:
2076:
1814:
1795:
position that the supper is strictly a memorial commemoration.
1611:
The covenant of redemption is the eternal agreement within the
1359:
1306:
1261:
1014:
for all people who have faith in Christ. God also promises the
3525:
frequently observed, "Reformed theology is covenant theology."
2421:, differences emerge in attempts to describe this antithesis.
2253:
A number of major 20th-century covenant theologians including
1981:
Classical statements of covenant theology can be found in the
1130:
writes that the promised seed refers in particular to Christ (
4003:. Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States: Baker. p. 648.
2612:
2595:
2440:
2271:
1853:
1849:
1565:
1554:
1500:
1488:
1348:
1246:
788:
737:
4146:. Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States: Baker. p. 160.
4124:
Estelle, Bryan D; Fesko, JV; VanDrunen, David, eds. (2009).
1615:
in which the Father appointed the Son through the Spirit to
34:. For the religious and political movement in Scotland, see
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3354:
3240:
2443:, earning the reward, graciously bestows it to His people (
1538:
1095:
863:
3268:, baptism and the Lord's Supper. The Methodist theologian
2229:
List of gods as witnesses (notably lacking in Deuteronomy)
2175:, by identifying the form of the covenant with the common
3814:
3358:
3244:
2455:
writes, "Man's relationship to God in creation was based
2436:
2425:
2321:
2248:
1901:
as a time when all who were members of it would have the
1865:
1710:
to include signs and seals of the covenant of works. The
736:
framework for understanding the overall structure of the
3826:
3696:
3551:
3264:, the covenant of grace is mediated through the greater
2461:
Ultimately the only way one can be justified is by works
884:
established the church in organic continuity with Israel
4548:, Exposition of the Old and New Testament, Sacred texts
4510:
4508:
4506:
4346:
4344:
4105:
1154:
Everlasting: it is not replaced by any later covenant.
4351:
Marquardt, Manfred; Klaiber, Walter (1 January 2002).
4093:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3372:
When persons become professing members of a Methodist
2307:
was dismissed due to controversy over his teaching on
1464:
meal is "the New Covenant in blood." This use of the
4942:, 2 vols. Phillipsburg: Presbyterian & Reformed.
4900:(1955), "Covenant Theology", in Loetscher, LA (ed.),
4353:
Living Grace: An Outline of United Methodist Theology
4123:
3939:
3802:
1960:
De substantia foederis gratuiti inter deum et electos
870:
on the Earth. Covenant theologians deny that God has
5127:
Law and Covenant in Israel and the Ancient Near East
4503:
4341:
4333:. Vol. 75. George B. Utter. 1913. p. 422.
4283:
3460:
2171:, in the 1960s and 1970s, building on prior work by
915:, also called the covenant of life) was made in the
76:
in Geneva, featuring prominent Reformed theologians
3684:
3530:
752:. The standard form of covenant theology views the
4255:. George Lane & Levi Scott. pp. 282, 318.
4053:. Eugene, Oregon, United States: Wiph & Stock.
1738:or the Lord's Supper was instituted by Jesus at a
1264:, "I will be your God and you will be my people" (
1080:on the other hand is a faulty reading of history.
4428:Guidebook of the Emmanuel Association of Churches
3965:, The Christian classics ethereal library, Sec. 1
2006:The Doctrine of the Covenant and Testament of God
1842:), not in an exclusively individualistic manner.
1706:Sometimes Reformed covenantal theologians define
1635:for their sin. In return, the Father promised to
923:who represented all humankind as a federal head (
5184:
5168:. Cincinnati, Ohio: Servant Books. p. 294.
5018:The Economy of the Covenants Between God and Man
4940:The Economy of the Covenants Between God and Man
4854:The Israel of God: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
4816:A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith
4533:The Distinctiveness of Baptist Covenant Theology
4350:
4001:New Testament Theology: Magnifying God in Christ
3922:"Report of the Committee to Study Republication"
2026:The Economy of the Covenants Between God and Man
1530:" comes from the Latin translation of the Greek
650:North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council
4199:
4197:
4195:
2036:, Vol 2, Banner of Truth edition, p. 950.
4219:Tucker, Karen B. Westerfield (27 April 2011).
2154:
4925:. Phillipsburg: Presbyterian & Reformed.
4856:, Phillipsburg: Presbyterian & Reformed,
4730:God of Promise: Introducing Covenant Theology
4246:
4244:
4242:
4240:
3196:
2474:
1672:
1433:is anticipated with the hopes of the Davidic
694:
645:International Conference of Reformed Churches
4420:
4325:
4323:
4306:(2nd ed.). Abingdon Press. p. 40.
4295:
4192:
3894:Covenant Theology: A Reformed Baptist Primer
3396:
2116:Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary
2010:Summa doctrinae de foedere et testamento dei
3587:. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth. p. 361.
3501:
2110:. This system is taught at schools such as
1998:An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews
1874:Covenant theologians (such as the Baptists
1743:might be spared from the final plague. The
935:
4237:
4212:
3203:
3189:
953:disagreed with the teaching in the 1640s.
826:in regard to the relationship between the
701:
687:
27:Protestant biblical interpretive framework
5137:
4851:
4828:
4496:Second London Baptist Confession of Faith
4442:
4320:
4063:
3995:
3989:
3419:Second London Baptist Confession of Faith
3348:John Wesley, Sermons, Volume 1, Sermon 25
2028:. It may also be seen in the writings of
1606:
809:Second London Baptist Confession of Faith
779:, describing and summarizing a wealth of
5034:– a central passage for federal theology
4870:
4375:
4301:
4259:
4223:. Oxford University Press. p. 117.
4203:
4156:
3891:
3668:
3654:Bonar, Horatius (July 1870), "The Jew",
3272:, with regard to the Eucharist, stated:
2646:Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament
1223:
893:
4896:
4876:Extra-Scriptural Binding: a New Danger
4704:Extra-Scriptural Binding: a New Danger
4680:, Dingwall: Peter and Rachel Reynolds,
4622:
4603:Rodes, Stanley J. (25 September 2014),
4174:"Sermon 6 – The Righteousness of Faith"
3975:
3885:
3741:
3376:, they personally bind themselves to a
2388:goodness of man in creation. The later
2290:
1594:
1437:, and most explicitly predicted by the
1166:The external sign of entering into the
14:
5185:
4724:
4580:
4250:
4218:
4138:
4111:
4045:
4023:
3945:
3900:: Waters of Creation. pp. 102–8.
3844:
3820:
3808:
3702:
3580:
2400:In opposition to the modern revisers,
2373:Commentary on the Heidelberg Catechism
2249:Contemporary revisions and controversy
2034:Collected Writings of Jonathan Edwards
1948:Commentary on the Heidelberg Catechism
984:republication of the covenant of works
143:Republication of the Covenant of Works
5121:Covenant theology articles and essays
5117:by historic and contemporary scholars
4964:. Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry.
4750:
4694:
4602:
4559:
4448:
4388:(2). Fundamental Wesleyan Publishers.
4289:
4099:
4069:The Current Justification Controversy
3849:. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House.
3832:
3783:
3713:
3711:
3690:
3653:
3568:
2682:Four sources of theological authority
2159:
1775:(that is, real spiritual presence or
1767:as a mysterious participation in the
1519:), ruling forever on David's throne (
1468:typology is developed further in the
1105:
756:of God's dealings with mankind, from
32:Covenantal theology (Catholic Church)
4672:
4355:. Abingdon Press. pp. 112–115.
4267:The United Methodist Book of Worship
3647:
3574:
3409:. Another form is sometimes called "
2792:The Sunday Service of the Methodists
2167:did pioneering work in the field of
1321:, see in the passage that begins in
1219:
1005:
902:
799:. Another form is sometimes called "
635:World Communion of Reformed Churches
278:Institutes of the Christian Religion
5071:"Two Adams, Two Covenants of Works"
5007:A treatise of the covenant of grace
4678:A Treatise of the Covenant of Grace
4530:
4514:
4302:Campbell, Ted A. (1 October 2011).
4051:The Structure of Biblical Authority
3612:
3545:
3417:(credobaptists) and comes from the
3405:(paedobaptists) and comes from the
1968:A Treatise of our Effectual Calling
1460:, when he says that the cup of the
1342:
1312:
888:restoration for unregenerate Israel
24:
4304:Methodist Doctrine: The Essentials
4171:
4081:
3928:. The Orthodox Presbyterian Church
3914:
3784:Brown, Michael (27 January 2011).
3768:
3708:
3662:
1720:tree of knowledge of good and evil
1487:). He is the prophet greater than
1333:
1089:
977:
965:
25:
5219:
5094:Introduction to Covenant Theology
4975:
4795:Collected Writings of John Murray
4071:. Unicoi, TN: Trinity Foundation.
3656:The Quarterly Journal of Prophecy
2985:Methodist Church of Great Britain
2657:Distinctive beliefs and practices
2232:Sanctions: curses and blessings (
1962:, 1585), and Scottish Theologian
1909:are members of the New Covenant.
1309:of salvation through a mediator.
740:. It is often distinguished from
4995:Post-Reformation Digital Library
4539:
3875:
3859:
3637:
3618:
3463:
3289:United Methodist Book of Worship
3172:
3146:Ordination of women in Methodism
2732:Sanctification (growth in grace)
2498:
2297:Westminster Theological Seminary
2128:Westminster Theological Seminary
1950:(published posthumously, 1591),
1751:: as the lamb's blood saved the
1729:
1699:), but through the power of the
1303:Commentary on Second Corinthians
677:Reformed Christianity portal
670:
67:
5198:Christian theological movements
5110:Westminster Seminary California
4629:Westminster Confession of Faith
4524:
4487:
4480:Westminster Confession of Faith
4471:
4392:
4378:"An Arminian Covenant Theology"
4369:
4165:
4150:
4132:
4117:
4075:
4057:
4039:
4029:Westminster Theological Journal
4017:
3969:
3963:Westminster Confession of Faith
3951:
3838:
3777:
3762:
3742:Hoehner, Paul J. (2021-05-13).
3735:
3407:Westminster Confession of Faith
2390:Westminster Confession of Faith
2243:Westminster Confession of Faith
2137:
2132:Westminster Seminary California
2018:Institutes of Elenctic Theology
1986:Westminster Confession of Faith
1972:Tractatus de vocatione efficaci
1888:regulative principle of worship
1703:as they are received by faith.
1511:). He is the king greater than
1418:
1229:Moses with the Ten Commandments
1010:The covenant of grace promises
830:(with national Israel) and the
797:Westminster Confession of Faith
748:as an organizing principle for
253:Westminster Confession of Faith
4991:Early modern works on covenant
4852:——— (2000),
4793:(1982). Covenant Theology. In
3678:Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit
3429:3, and continuing through the
3080:Conservative holiness movement
1747:writers understand this event
155:Logical order of God's decrees
13:
1:
4829:Robertson, O. Palmer (1981),
4449:Sweet, Leonard (2014-02-21).
3790:Christ United Reformed Church
3748:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
3494:
3011:Other Methodist denominations
2124:Reformed Theological Seminary
2112:Covenant Theological Seminary
1400:). Among the prophets of the
1188:According to Paul, since the
1114:covenant is found in Genesis
1098:covenant is found in Genesis
258:Westminster Shorter Catechism
5028:Commentary on Romans 5:12-21
4666:
4656:Westminster Larger Catechism
3479:Biblical law in Christianity
3334:, continues to stand today:
2752:Baptism with the Holy Spirit
2638:Sermons on Several Occasions
732:, a conceptual overview and
263:Westminster Larger Catechism
7:
5115:Essays on covenant theology
5100:Series on Covenant Theology
5052:"The Adamic Administration"
4835:Presbyterian & Reformed
4407:The United Methodist Church
4376:Reasoner, Vic (Fall 2000).
4204:Crowther, Jonathan (1815).
3626:, vol. 17, p. 560
3581:Murray, Iain (2014-10-01).
3456:
3141:Homosexuality and Methodism
2904:William Williams Pantycelyn
2677:Priesthood of all believers
2155:Classical covenant theology
1755:from the plague, so Jesus'
785:Reformed systems of thought
10:
5224:
5143:"The Covenant with Israel"
4960:Showers, Reginald (1990).
4954:
4758:, Overland Park: Two Age,
4574:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
4221:American Methodist Worship
4206:A Portraiture of Methodism
4157:Williams, Michael (2005).
3892:Van Dorn, Douglas (2014).
3361:initiates a covenant with
3114:Methodist views on alcohol
2475:Wesleyan covenant theology
2350:Second Helvetic Confession
1912:
1802:
1798:
1771:of Christ mediated by the
1673:Covenantal signs and seals
1637:raise Christ from the dead
1422:
1301:makes three points in his
1238:
1082:
40:
29:
5160:
4797:, vol. 4. Carlisle, PA:
4607:, James Clarke & Co,
4399:"¶217. Membership Vows".
4159:Far as the Curse is Found
3771:Marrow of Modern Divinity
3411:Baptist covenant theology
3397:Baptist covenant theology
3309:prophet, priest, and king
2692:Substitutionary atonement
2236:. Deuteronomy 28; 31–34).
2120:Knox Theological Seminary
1763:has generally viewed the
801:Baptist Covenant Theology
640:World Reformed Fellowship
148:Baptist Covenant Theology
4455:Tyndale House Publishers
4251:Watson, Richard (1852).
4144:Getting the Gospel Right
3484:Covenant renewal worship
3387:Covenant Renewal Service
3119:Methodist local preacher
2798:Covenant Renewal Service
2670:Conditional preservation
2395:
2278:churches and in certain
1317:Some commentators, like
400:Friedrich Schleiermacher
41:Not to be confused with
5042:"The Covenant of Grace"
5038:"The Covenant of Works"
4904:, Grand Rapids: Baker,
4831:Christ of the Covenants
4661:1689 Baptist Confession
4438:. 2002. pp. 25–28.
3845:Bierma, Lyle D (1997).
3365:, humans are given the
3179:Christianity portal
3085:Holiness Pentecostalism
3005:Global Methodist Church
3000:World Methodist Council
2995:United Methodist Church
2212:. Deuteronomy 1:5–3:29)
1813:include a principle of
1116:chapters 12, 15, and 17
907:The covenant of works (
866:with Christians as His
854:"), in contrast to the
742:dispensational theology
133:Theology of John Calvin
4818:. Nashville: Nelson.
3351:
3305:
3285:
3254:Righteousness of Faith
3233:
2934:Countess of Huntingdon
2909:Benjamin Titus Roberts
2697:Imparted righteousness
2411:
1922:Johannes Oecolampadius
1868:, among other things.
1631:of mankind to make an
1607:Covenant of redemption
1575:), and finally in the
1470:Epistle to the Hebrews
1236:
1053:
1045:
936:
912:
777:theologically implicit
315:Johannes Oecolampadius
5203:Christian terminology
4799:Banner of Truth Trust
4772:Malone, Fred (2003).
3622:, "Exercitation 18",
3489:New Covenant theology
3343:, Vol. I, Sermon 25).
3336:
3294:
3274:
3228:
3102:Other relevant topics
2990:Free Methodist Church
2894:John William Fletcher
2737:Sunday Sabbatarianism
2545:First Great Awakening
2465:imputed righteousness
2406:
2208:Historical prologue (
2045:Princeton theologians
1787:which believe in the
1779:). This differs from
1757:substitutionary death
1653:Westminster Standards
1476:). Jesus is the last
1351:covenant is found in
1227:
1083:Further information:
894:Theological covenants
325:Peter Martyr Vermigli
248:Westminster Standards
61:Reformed Christianity
5132:George E. Mendenhall
5058:"What is a Covenant"
5000:Nave's Topical Bible
4878:, Neerlandia, Alta,
4706:, Neerlandia, Alta,
4623:Historical documents
4451:The Well-Played Life
4436:Emmanuel Association
4331:The Sabbath Recorder
4126:The Law is Not Faith
3571:, pp. 7, 62–76.
3451:regulative principle
3151:Bishops in Methodism
2914:Walter Ashbel Sellew
2833:Brush arbour revival
2747:Second work of grace
2742:Christian perfection
2631:Articles of Religion
2525:in the United States
2346:Heidelberg Catechism
2342:Thirty-Nine Articles
2291:Shepherd controversy
2205:. Deuteronomy 1:1–4)
2173:George E. Mendenhall
2100:Richard L. Pratt Jr.
1826:Acts of the Apostles
1595:Subservient Covenant
1068:on the one hand and
951:Westminster Assembly
595:New England theology
580:Mercersburg theology
505:Continental Reformed
231:Heidelberg Catechism
221:Three Forms of Unity
211:Helvetic Confessions
170:Regulative principle
5046:Systematic Theology
4087:Studies in Theology
4065:Robertson, O Palmer
3835:, pp. 183–184.
3823:, pp. 233–234.
3513:Ligonier Ministries
3509:"Covenant Theology"
3471:Christianity portal
3385:in the form of the
3319:of His church, the
3109:Saints in Methodism
2587:Doctrinal standards
2305:systematic theology
2299:in the late 1970s,
2219:. Deuteronomy 4–26)
2104:O. Palmer Robertson
2088:J. Ligon Duncan III
2016:(1623–1687) in his
1805:Covenant succession
1249:covenant, found in
1160:Accepted by faith.
1085:Covenant (biblical)
807:and comes from the
795:and comes from the
305:List of theologians
284:Systematic theology
5193:Calvinist theology
5102:by J. Ligon Duncan
5088:Modern Reformation
4898:Van Til, Cornelius
4812:Reymond, Robert L.
4650:Helvetic Consensus
4482:, sections 5 and 6
4402:Book of Discipline
3705:, pp. 227–28.
3383:watchnight service
3325:judge of the world
3321:heir of all things
3124:Itinerant preacher
3035:General Conference
2843:Watchnight service
2665:Assurance of faith
2160:Covenant structure
2004:(c. 1603–1669) in
1936:Heinrich Bullinger
1777:pneumatic presence
1581:biblical covenants
1551:Genesis 12, 15, 17
1237:
1106:Abrahamic covenant
1046:foedus monopleuron
941:was first used by
856:Christian addition
846:, "they hear the
844:2 Corinthians 3:14
750:Christian theology
610:Princeton theology
450:H. Richard Niebuhr
360:Franciscus Gomarus
330:Heinrich Bullinger
270:Barmen Declaration
5175:978-0-89283-829-5
5141:(November 2005).
5079:Meredith G. Kline
5066:Meredith G. Kline
4982:Covenant Theology
4938:(Reprint 1990).
4752:Kline, Meredith G
4595:978-0-87552-612-6
4531:Denault, Pascal,
4517:, pp. 41–44.
4498:, 1689, section 3
4464:978-1-4143-9080-2
4434:, United States:
4382:Arminian Magazine
4178:The Wesley Center
4114:, pp. 35–50.
4102:, pp. 108–9.
4025:Horton, Michael S
4010:978-0-8010-2680-5
3997:Schreiner, Thomas
3907:978-0-9862376-0-7
3755:978-1-7252-8157-8
3670:Spurgeon, Charles
3548:, pp. 10–20.
3415:Reformed Baptists
3237:Wesleyan-Arminian
3213:
3212:
3075:Holiness movement
3040:Methodist Circuit
2944:George Whitefield
2774:
2773:
2687:Covenant theology
2565:Wesleyan theology
2369:Zacharias Ursinus
2338:Belgic Confession
2330:French Confession
2303:, a professor of
2226:. Deuteronomy 27)
2222:Document clause (
2188:Ancient Near East
2165:Meredith G. Kline
2147:, the founder of
2092:Meredith G. Kline
2065:J. Gresham Machen
2002:Johannes Cocceius
1994:Biblical Theology
1944:Zacharius Ursinus
1781:Roman Catholicism
1641:Johannes Cocceius
1038:Reformed orthodox
1006:Covenant of grace
947:Zacharias Ursinus
903:Covenant of works
880:Jesus of Nazareth
824:dispensationalism
805:Reformed Baptists
783:data. Historical
730:Biblical Theology
714:Covenant theology
711:
710:
480:Donald G. Bloesch
460:Cornelius Van Til
375:Samuel Rutherford
345:Zacharias Ursinus
226:Belgic Confession
216:French Confession
138:Covenant theology
18:Covenant of Grace
16:(Redirected from
5215:
5179:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5139:Dulles SJ, Avery
5086:by S. M. Baugh,
5075:Kingdom Prologue
5062:Kingdom Prologue
5048:by Charles Hodge
4936:Witsius, Hermann
4914:
4892:
4866:
4847:
4833:, Phillipsburg:
4768:
4746:
4732:, Grand Rapids:
4720:
4690:
4617:
4614:978-0-22790220-2
4598:
4576:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4535:
4518:
4512:
4501:
4499:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4362:978-1-42675650-4
4348:
4339:
4338:
4327:
4318:
4317:
4313:978-1-42675347-3
4299:
4293:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4276:978-1-42673500-4
4263:
4257:
4256:
4248:
4235:
4234:
4230:978-0-19045420-3
4216:
4210:
4209:
4201:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4047:Kleine, Meredith
4043:
4037:
4036:
4021:
4015:
4014:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3977:Witsius, Hermann
3973:
3967:
3966:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3889:
3883:
3873:
3867:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3769:Fisher, Edward.
3766:
3760:
3759:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3715:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3651:
3645:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3597:. Archived from
3584:The Puritan Hope
3578:
3572:
3566:
3549:
3543:
3528:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3505:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3349:
3332:Ten Commandments
3303:
3283:
3235:As such, in the
3205:
3198:
3191:
3177:
3176:
2722:Prevenient grace
2717:Outward holiness
2584:
2583:
2502:
2479:
2478:
2451:). For example,
2348:(1563), and the
2334:Scots Confession
2313:active obedience
2169:Biblical studies
2030:Jonathan Edwards
2014:Francis Turretin
1952:Caspar Olevianus
1918:Huldrych Zwingli
1884:Charles Spurgeon
1696:ex opere operato
1685:as the only two
1617:become incarnate
1585:Ten Commandments
1343:Davidic covenant
1323:Deuteronomy 29:1
1313:Moabite covenant
1256:and the book of
1054:foedus dipleuron
945:in 1585, though
939:
919:between God and
722:federal theology
703:
696:
689:
675:
674:
532:Reformed Baptist
455:Reinhold Niebuhr
395:Jonathan Edwards
385:Francis Turretin
310:Huldrych Zwingli
289:Metrical psalter
243:Scots Confession
74:Reformation Wall
71:
48:
47:
21:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5183:
5182:
5176:
5151:
5149:
5096:by J. I. Packer
5023:Hermann Witsius
4978:
4957:
4919:Vos, Geerhardus
4912:
4890:
4882:: Inheritance,
4864:
4845:
4766:
4744:
4726:Horton, Michael
4718:
4710:: Inheritance,
4688:
4669:
4625:
4615:
4596:
4551:
4549:
4527:
4522:
4521:
4513:
4504:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4465:
4447:
4443:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4411:
4409:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4374:
4370:
4363:
4349:
4342:
4329:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4300:
4296:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4249:
4238:
4231:
4217:
4213:
4202:
4193:
4183:
4181:
4170:
4166:
4155:
4151:
4137:
4133:
4122:
4118:
4110:
4106:
4098:
4094:
4080:
4076:
4062:
4058:
4044:
4040:
4022:
4018:
4011:
3994:
3990:
3974:
3970:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3944:
3940:
3931:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3890:
3886:
3874:
3870:
3858:
3854:
3843:
3839:
3831:
3827:
3819:
3815:
3807:
3803:
3794:
3792:
3782:
3778:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3740:
3736:
3727:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3689:
3685:
3667:
3663:
3652:
3648:
3636:
3632:
3617:
3613:
3604:
3602:
3595:
3579:
3575:
3567:
3552:
3544:
3531:
3517:
3515:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3469:
3462:
3459:
3399:
3350:
3347:
3304:
3301:
3284:
3281:
3209:
3171:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3103:
3095:
3094:
3070:
3062:
3061:
3045:Pastoral charge
3025:
3017:
3016:
2980:
2979:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2875:
2858:
2848:
2847:
2813:Mourner's bench
2803:Revival service
2786:
2776:
2775:
2671:
2652:
2649:
2623:Apostles' Creed
2581:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2528:
2515:
2507:
2477:
2398:
2367:(for instance,
2301:Norman Shepherd
2293:
2251:
2162:
2157:
2140:
2024:(1636–1708) in
2022:Hermann Witsius
1966:(1555–1599) in
1954:(1536–1587) in
1946:(1534–1583) in
1915:
1807:
1801:
1732:
1675:
1609:
1597:
1454:the Last Supper
1427:
1421:
1410:Book of Ezekiel
1345:
1336:
1334:Levite covenant
1315:
1243:
1241:Mosaic covenant
1222:
1220:Mosaic covenant
1184:Philippians 3:3
1120:Book of Hebrews
1108:
1092:
1090:Noahic covenant
1087:
1020:substitutionary
1008:
980:
978:Mosaic covenant
968:
966:Adamic covenant
905:
896:
860:supersessionism
836:house of Israel
716:(also known as
707:
669:
655:
654:
630:
620:
619:
575:Marrow Brethren
550:
542:
541:
500:
490:
489:
470:Jürgen Moltmann
355:William Perkins
302:
294:
293:
193:
185:
184:
128:
120:
119:
100:
92:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5221:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5181:
5180:
5174:
5158:
5135:
5123:
5118:
5112:
5103:
5097:
5091:
5081:
5068:
5055:
5054:by John Murray
5049:
5035:
5025:
5014:
5003:
4997:
4988:
4977:
4976:External links
4974:
4973:
4972:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4933:
4916:
4910:
4894:
4888:
4872:Schilder, Klas
4868:
4862:
4849:
4843:
4826:
4809:
4788:
4778:Founders Press
4770:
4764:
4748:
4742:
4722:
4716:
4700:Schilder, Klas
4692:
4686:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4613:
4600:
4594:
4582:Letham, Robert
4578:
4557:
4537:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4502:
4486:
4470:
4463:
4457:. p. 62.
4441:
4432:Logansport, ID
4419:
4391:
4368:
4361:
4340:
4319:
4312:
4294:
4282:
4275:
4258:
4236:
4229:
4211:
4208:. p. 224.
4191:
4172:Wesley, John.
4164:
4149:
4131:
4116:
4104:
4092:
4074:
4056:
4038:
4016:
4009:
3988:
3968:
3950:
3948:, p. 235.
3938:
3913:
3906:
3884:
3868:
3852:
3837:
3825:
3813:
3811:, p. 232.
3801:
3776:
3761:
3754:
3734:
3707:
3695:
3693:, p. 185.
3683:
3661:
3646:
3630:
3624:Complete Works
3611:
3594:978-1848714786
3593:
3573:
3550:
3529:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3458:
3455:
3398:
3395:
3345:
3302:Richard Watson
3299:
3279:
3270:Richard Watson
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:Evangelicalism
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:Related groups
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3030:Connexionalism
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2884:Francis Asbury
2881:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2871:Charles Wesley
2868:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2767:Works of mercy
2764:
2762:Works of piety
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2643:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2495:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2476:
2473:
2415:Michael Horton
2402:Meredith Kline
2397:
2394:
2385:Garden of Eden
2365:Law and Gospel
2326:Garden of Eden
2292:
2289:
2259:Klaas Schilder
2250:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2220:
2215:Stipulations (
2213:
2206:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2139:
2136:
2084:Michael Horton
2073:Herman Bavinck
2067:) and, in the
2061:Geerhardus Vos
2057:B. B. Warfield
1964:Robert Rollock
1934:2:9–11), like
1914:
1911:
1876:Benjamin Keach
1858:Infant baptism
1800:
1797:
1731:
1728:
1712:Garden of Eden
1691:means of grace
1674:
1671:
1649:Caspar Olevian
1608:
1605:
1596:
1593:
1474:esp. chs. 7–10
1446:Jeremiah 31:31
1423:Main article:
1420:
1417:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1314:
1311:
1239:Main article:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1209:Galatians 3:26
1196:
1186:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1107:
1104:
1091:
1088:
1058:Richard Muller
1007:
1004:
996:Meredith Kline
979:
976:
967:
964:
917:Garden of Eden
904:
901:
895:
892:
840:Christ's blood
709:
708:
706:
705:
698:
691:
683:
680:
679:
657:
656:
653:
652:
647:
642:
637:
631:
626:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
565:Federal Vision
562:
557:
551:
548:
547:
544:
543:
540:
539:
534:
529:
527:Congregational
524:
523:
522:
517:
507:
501:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
485:Michael Horton
482:
477:
472:
467:
465:T. F. Torrance
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
440:Geerhardus Vos
437:
432:
430:B. B. Warfield
427:
425:Herman Bavinck
422:
420:Abraham Kuyper
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
390:Richard Baxter
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
365:William Twisse
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
291:
286:
281:
274:
273:
272:
267:
266:
265:
260:
255:
245:
240:
239:
238:
236:Canons of Dort
233:
228:
218:
213:
203:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
177:
175:Predestination
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
151:
150:
145:
135:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
112:
107:
101:
98:
97:
94:
93:
72:
64:
63:
57:
56:
43:Federal Vision
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5220:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5177:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5032:Charles Hodge
5029:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5013:
5009:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4971:
4970:0-915540-50-9
4967:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4949:
4948:0-87552-870-8
4945:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4931:0-87552-513-X
4928:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4911:99914-2-980-8
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4889:0-921100-46-9
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4863:0-87552-398-6
4859:
4855:
4850:
4846:
4844:0-87552-418-4
4840:
4836:
4832:
4827:
4825:
4824:0-8499-1317-9
4821:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4807:0-85151-340-9
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4786:0-9713361-3-X
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4765:0-9706418-0-X
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4743:0-8010-1289-9
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4717:0-921100-46-9
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4687:1-84685-278-1
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4645:Chapter XXVII
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4616:
4610:
4606:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4528:
4516:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4497:
4490:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4445:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4364:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4345:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4324:
4315:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4286:
4278:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4254:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4232:
4226:
4222:
4215:
4207:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4179:
4175:
4168:
4160:
4153:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4108:
4101:
4096:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4012:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3947:
3942:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3909:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3829:
3822:
3817:
3810:
3805:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3772:
3765:
3757:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3738:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3704:
3699:
3692:
3687:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3601:on 2015-07-18
3600:
3596:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3577:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3526:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3461:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3403:Presbyterians
3394:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3344:
3342:
3335:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3168:Protestantism
3165:
3161:
3160:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3129:Circuit rider
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3056:
3055:Penitent band
3053:
3052:
3051:
3050:Class meeting
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:Phoebe Palmer
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:Albert Outler
2922:
2920:
2919:Howell Harris
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2879:Richard Allen
2877:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Real presence
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:of the saints
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2606:New Testament
2604:
2602:
2601:Old Testament
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Nonconformism
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2419:justification
2416:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2309:justification
2306:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:Charles Hodge
2046:
2042:
2041:United States
2037:
2035:
2032:(1703–58) in
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:(1616–1683),
1991:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1978:distinction.
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1789:Real Presence
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:Real Presence
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1749:typologically
1746:
1745:New Testament
1741:
1737:
1730:Lord's Supper
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:Lord's Supper
1680:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1601:
1600:Moses Amyraut
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:New Testament
1526:). The term "
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:Old Testament
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1328:Romans 10:6–8
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:Charles Hodge
1296:
1295:Exodus 20:1–2
1292:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1194:Galatians 3:7
1191:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:Genesis 17:10
1173:
1170:covenant was
1169:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:covenant is:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
992:Edward Fisher
989:
988:Thomas Boston
985:
975:
973:
963:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
943:Dudley Fenner
940:
938:
937:foedus operum
931:
929:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:foedus operum
910:
900:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:chosen people
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
820:
819:soteriology.
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:Presbyterians
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:covenantalism
715:
704:
699:
697:
692:
690:
685:
684:
682:
681:
678:
673:
668:
667:
666:Protestantism
663:
659:
658:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
629:
628:Organizations
624:
623:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
600:New Calvinism
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:Neo-Calvinism
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
546:
545:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
521:
520:United States
518:
516:
513:
512:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:Denominations
494:
493:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:Charles Hodge
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:Philip Schaff
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
370:Moses Amyraut
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Theodore Beza
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
306:
298:
297:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
279:
275:
271:
268:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
249:
246:
244:
241:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
208:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
197:
196:List of texts
189:
188:
181:
180:Scholasticism
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
165:Lord's Supper
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
149:
146:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
124:
123:
116:
115:Protestantism
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
102:
96:
95:
91:
87:
86:Theodore Beza
83:
79:
78:William Farel
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
59:
58:
54:
50:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
5165:
5150:. Retrieved
5147:First Things
5146:
5126:
5087:
5074:
5061:
5045:
5016:
5005:
4961:
4939:
4922:
4901:
4875:
4853:
4830:
4815:
4794:
4791:Murray, John
4773:
4755:
4729:
4703:
4696:Faber, Jelle
4677:
4637:Chapter VIII
4604:
4585:
4561:
4550:, retrieved
4545:
4540:Gill, John,
4532:
4525:Bibliography
4495:
4489:
4479:
4473:
4450:
4444:
4427:
4422:
4410:. Retrieved
4401:
4394:
4385:
4381:
4371:
4352:
4334:
4330:
4303:
4297:
4285:
4266:
4261:
4252:
4220:
4214:
4205:
4182:. Retrieved
4177:
4167:
4158:
4152:
4143:
4134:
4125:
4119:
4107:
4095:
4086:
4083:Murray, John
4077:
4068:
4059:
4050:
4041:
4032:
4028:
4019:
4000:
3991:
3981:
3971:
3962:
3953:
3941:
3930:. Retrieved
3925:
3916:
3893:
3887:
3871:
3855:
3846:
3840:
3828:
3816:
3804:
3793:. Retrieved
3789:
3779:
3770:
3764:
3744:
3737:
3726:. Retrieved
3722:
3698:
3686:
3677:
3664:
3655:
3649:
3633:
3623:
3614:
3603:. Retrieved
3599:the original
3583:
3576:
3523:
3516:. Retrieved
3503:
3443:
3439:
3435:New Covenant
3431:Old Covenant
3400:
3371:
3357:that though
3352:
3340:
3337:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3295:
3286:
3275:
3260:. Under the
3253:
3234:
3229:
3214:
3164:Christianity
3162:
3024:Organization
3009:
2929:James Varick
2899:Orange Scott
2828:Tent revival
2818:Camp meeting
2790:
2757:Views on sin
2686:
2644:
2636:
2629:
2618:Nicene Creed
2469:
2460:
2456:
2453:R. C. Sproul
2444:
2423:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2372:
2357:commentaries
2354:
2344:(1562), the
2340:(1561), the
2336:(1560), the
2332:(1559), the
2294:
2252:
2239:
2233:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2163:
2141:
2138:Developments
2108:R. C. Sproul
2096:J. I. Packer
2081:
2038:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1929:
1916:
1872:Credobaptist
1870:
1862:circumcision
1844:
1823:
1810:Paedobaptist
1808:
1776:
1733:
1716:tree of life
1707:
1705:
1694:
1676:
1629:federal head
1610:
1598:
1577:New Covenant
1543:Genesis 6, 9
1536:
1532:New Covenant
1531:
1431:New Covenant
1428:
1425:New Covenant
1419:New Covenant
1405:
1363:
1346:
1337:
1316:
1302:
1290:
1288:
1284:Old Covenant
1283:
1265:
1244:
1228:
1180:Jeremiah 4:4
1172:circumcision
1162:Genesis 15:6
1156:Genesis 17:7
1150:Genesis 17:7
1139:
1128:Apostle Paul
1109:
1093:
1036:
1032:
1012:eternal life
1009:
981:
972:Genesis 3:15
969:
934:
932:
906:
897:
871:
852:old covenant
851:
847:
832:New Covenant
828:Old Covenant
821:
774:
770:Consummation
734:interpretive
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:
662:Christianity
660:
510:Presbyterian
475:J. I. Packer
320:Martin Bucer
276:
201:Geneva Bible
137:
105:Christianity
5208:Arminianism
5162:Hahn, Scott
5002:on covenant
4734:Baker Books
4641:Chapter XIX
4633:Chapter VII
4546:Deuteronomy
4112:Horton 2006
3946:Letham 2009
3821:Letham 2009
3809:Letham 2009
3703:Letham 2009
3250:John Wesley
3239:view, only
3224:soteriology
2957:Theologians
2889:Thomas Coke
2866:John Wesley
2550:Moravianism
2540:Arminianism
2535:Anglicanism
2505:John Wesley
2280:evangelical
2263:John Murray
2145:John Wesley
2069:Netherlands
2053:A. A. Hodge
1926:John Calvin
1785:Lutheranism
1773:Holy Spirit
1701:Holy Spirit
1657:Philippians
1458:Isaiah 49:8
1258:Deuteronomy
1016:Holy Spirit
955:John Calvin
560:Amyraldians
515:South Korea
435:John Machen
335:John Calvin
301:Theologians
206:Confessions
110:Reformation
82:John Calvin
36:Covenanters
5187:Categories
4674:Ball, John
4552:2014-07-01
4290:Rodes 2014
4140:Sproul, RC
4100:Kline 2000
4035:: 279–287.
3932:2022-11-09
3833:Jones 2011
3795:2022-10-30
3728:2022-10-30
3691:Jones 2011
3620:Owen, John
3605:2015-02-21
3569:Rodes 2014
3495:References
3266:sacraments
3258:Mosaic Law
3252:'s sermon
2823:Tabernacle
2808:Altar call
2514:Background
2255:Karl Barth
2201:Preamble (
2195:Suzerainty
1976:law-gospel
1931:Institutes
1907:born again
1819:Genesis 17
1803:See also:
1753:Israelites
1722:, and the
1687:sacraments
1664:Revelation
1377:; 2 Kings
1076:, and the
834:(with the
781:scriptural
766:Redemption
726:federalism
585:Neonomians
555:Afrikaners
445:Karl Barth
410:John Nevin
99:Background
5012:John Ball
4676:(2006) ,
4667:Advocates
4566:Göttingen
3374:connexion
3367:free will
3216:Methodism
2838:Lovefeast
2712:Free will
2707:New birth
2702:Moral law
2492:Methodism
2434:corrupted
2377:Olevianus
2284:Calvinist
2149:Methodism
2012:, 1648),
1990:John Owen
1880:John Gill
1765:Eucharist
1761:Calvinism
1736:Eucharist
1708:sacrament
1647:, though
1645:John Owen
1633:atonement
1515:(Matthew
1491:(Matthew
1319:John Gill
1277:Leviticus
1233:Rembrandt
1201:Abrahamic
1190:Abrahamic
1168:Abrahamic
1142:Abrahamic
1132:Galatians
1112:Abrahamic
1100:8:20–9:17
1074:Bullinger
1066:Olevianus
1000:John Owen
933:The term
872:abandoned
813:Methodist
811:of 1689.
570:Huguenots
549:Movements
380:John Owen
340:John Knox
90:John Knox
5164:(1998).
4986:Ligonier
4874:(1996),
4814:(1998).
4754:(2000),
4728:(2006),
4631:(1647),
4584:(2009),
4142:(1999).
4067:(2003).
4049:(1989).
3999:(2008).
3979:(1804).
3896:. Erie,
3672:(1864),
3518:11 April
3457:See also
3447:typology
3433:and the
3423:The Fall
3378:covenant
3363:humanity
3346:—
3300:—
3280:—
3220:Arminian
2976:Churches
2579:Doctrine
2484:a series
2482:Part of
2457:on works
2430:heavenly
2361:dogmatic
2352:(1566).
2276:mainline
2184:treaties
2177:Suzerain
1899:31:31–34
1896:Jeremiah
1854:children
1840:16:31–34
1836:16:14–15
1815:familial
1740:Passover
1681:and the
1589:legalism
1570:2 Samuel
1564:), with
1553:), with
1545:), with
1462:Passover
1442:Jeremiah
1413:37:24–28
1398:13:12–14
1395:Jeremiah
1391:23:26–27
1383:19:32–34
1371:11:26–39
1353:2 Samuel
1078:Puritans
817:Arminian
758:Creation
746:covenant
615:Puritans
605:Pilgrims
537:Anglican
127:Theology
53:a series
51:Part of
4993:in the
4955:Critics
4702:(ed.),
4515:Denault
4336:heaven.
4184:27 June
3959:"XXVII"
3926:opc.org
3723:opc.org
3546:Denault
3427:Genesis
3391:fasting
3341:Sermons
3317:saviour
3136:Steward
2952:Bishops
2784:Worship
2560:Pietism
2521:History
2413:Kline,
2381:Rollock
2324:in the
2192:Hittite
2186:of the
2039:In the
1983:British
1913:History
1892:worship
1846:Baptism
1829:2:38–39
1824:In the
1799:Baptism
1793:Baptist
1724:Sabbath
1679:Baptism
1613:Godhead
1547:Abraham
1513:Solomon
1485:5:17–18
1482:Matthew
1439:prophet
1435:messiah
1368:1 Kings
1349:Davidic
1215:Israel.
1205:Abraham
1126:). The
1124:11:8–16
960:Genesis
928:5:12–21
876:Messiah
850:of the
848:reading
754:history
728:) is a
160:Baptism
5172:
5152:8 July
5134:, 1954
5090:(2000)
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3591:
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3262:Gospel
2973:Groups
2856:People
2613:Creeds
2437:sinner
2261:, and
2181:Vassal
2130:, and
2077:Gospel
2063:, and
2043:, the
2020:, and
1996:, and
1882:, and
1718:, the
1714:, the
1667:5:9–10
1660:2:5–11
1623:, and
1621:suffer
1559:Exodus
1452:). At
1375:15:1–8
1358:. The
1307:Gospel
1270:Exodus
1251:Exodus
1247:Mosaic
1235:(1659)
1096:Noahic
1070:Luther
1062:Calvin
1024:active
925:Romans
882:, who
88:, and
5073:from
5060:from
5044:from
4494:"7",
4478:"7",
4180:. NNU
2596:Bible
2449:22:29
2447:Luke
2441:Jesus
2396:Kline
2272:faith
2268:grace
1850:faith
1627:as a
1566:David
1562:19–24
1555:Moses
1517:12:42
1501:Aaron
1497:3:5–6
1493:12:41
1489:Jonah
1402:exile
1280:26:12
1254:19–24
1050:Latin
1042:Latin
909:Latin
789:dogma
738:Bible
724:, or
192:Texts
5170:ISBN
5154:2018
5040:and
4966:ISBN
4944:ISBN
4927:ISBN
4906:ISBN
4884:ISBN
4858:ISBN
4839:ISBN
4820:ISBN
4803:ISBN
4782:ISBN
4760:ISBN
4738:ISBN
4712:ISBN
4682:ISBN
4643:and
4609:ISBN
4590:ISBN
4542:"29"
4459:ISBN
4414:2021
4357:ISBN
4308:ISBN
4271:ISBN
4225:ISBN
4186:2017
4005:ISBN
3902:ISBN
3876:Gill
3860:Gill
3750:ISBN
3644:: 5.
3638:Gill
3589:ISBN
3520:2022
3355:fact
3323:and
3315:and
3313:head
3243:and
3241:Adam
2428:for
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2359:and
2320:and
2318:Adam
2270:and
2106:and
1920:and
1833:Acts
1783:and
1734:The
1662:and
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1524:1:32
1521:Luke
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1478:Adam
1429:The
1387:21:7
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1360:Lord
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1262:Lord
1245:The
1140:The
1135:3:16
1110:The
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1064:and
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998:and
921:Adam
864:Jews
762:Fall
5130:by
5077:by
5064:by
5030:by
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3425:in
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3245:Eve
3222:in
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2426:law
2322:God
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1903:law
1866:sin
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