28:
20:
79:, to the 'Society of the War of 1812' in 1894. After William N. Batchelor challenged the authenticity of the flag, however, the Baltimore Society of the War of 1812 appointed J. Appleton Wilson to research the history. Wilson determined that the flag was actually carried by Joshua F. Batchelor at the
87:, where it acquired its many bullet holes. The society had later used the flag to mark the anniversary of the Battle of North Point, but had also used the flag for ceremonies regarding the American Revolution, including a parade for
98:
flag room until the 1980s, when older flags were moved to storage for preservation. It is currently held at the
Maryland Archives. A 1970s study conducted by the Maryland State Archivist and the
75:, January 17, 1781, and this arrangement of stars has come to be known as the "3rd Maryland design." The Batchelor family donated their original flag, known as the
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in 1808 shows a 15-star flag and a 15-star Navy jack, both using the 3rd
Maryland star arrangement (14 star circle with the 15th star in the center).
141:
The star pattern was popular enough to see continued use in 15-star flags as the nation began to grow. A surviving military commission signed by
63:, the white stars are arranged in a circle on a blue field; but the circle consists of just 12 stars, with the 13th star in the center.
383:
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reverses the 3rd
Maryland design, with the star wreath on the field of the flag, and the 13 red and white stripes in the canton.
88:
203:
367:
287:
343:
329:
311:
102:, however, concluded that the preserved flag was of 19th-century origin. Among the reasons for this conclusion are:
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This version of the US flag was said to have been carried by
William Batchelor of the 3rd Maryland Regiment at the
336:
The Stars and the
Stripes: The American Flag as Art and as History from the Birth of the Republic to the Present
186:
251:
Mastai, pg 39, offers the possibility that the 3rd
Maryland flag was a regimental banner, not a national flag.
156:
features the 3rd
Maryland star pattern in the foreground, as well as two Cowpens flags in the background.
52:
36:
99:
175:
The
American Flag: An Encyclopedia of the Stars and Stripes in U.S. History, Culture, and Law
80:
48:
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flag constructed in
Maryland was made in 1782, at least a year after the Battle of Cowpens.
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A Smithsonian publication acknowledges that the
Cowpens design may date to the
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This claim was made by William's son, Joshua Batchelor, and is disputed. See
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135:
84:
39:
features the Cowpens flag (not the Betsy Ross design, which is similar).
293:
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The fabric and construction technique match other 19th century flags.
27:
178:
131:, but the actual flag held at Maryland dates no earlier than 1843.
302:
So Proudly We Hail : The History of the United States Flag
19:
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The 3rd Maryland Regiment was not at the Battle of Cowpens.
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No American regiment was officially authorized to carry
334:
Mastai, Boleslaw and Marie-Louise D'Otrange (1973).
306:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
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286:. Smithsonian Institution Press.جعفر Available
55:that meets the congressional requirements of the
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370:list (dated 1940-1941) of flags in collection
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94:The Batchelor Flag was on display in the
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23:Digital reproduction of the Cowpens Flag
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16:Early version of the United States flag
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91:when he visited Maryland in 1824.
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51:flag, is an early version of the
384:Flags of the American Revolution
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148:The crest of the Navy cruiser
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1:
338:. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
282:Cooper, Grace Rogers (1973).
136:flag of Easton, Pennsylvania
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322:Flag: An American Biography
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400:
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37:Archibald MacNeal Willard
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368:Maryland State Archives
100:Smithsonian Institution
57:Flag Resolution of 1777
320:Leepson, Marc (2004).
294:Furlong, William Rea;
40:
24:
204:"Joshua F. Batchelor"
173:Vile, John R (2018).
81:Battle of North Point
30:
22:
208:Archives of Maryland
284:Thirteen Star Flags
129:American Revolution
96:Maryland Statehouse
53:United States flag
41:
25:
296:McCandless, Byron
118:Stars and Stripes
111:Stars and Stripes
73:Battle of Cowpens
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364:at USHistory.org
362:Historical flags
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181:. p. 137.
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61:Betsy Ross flag
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77:Batchelor Flag
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33:Spirit of '76
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242:Furlong, 133
211:. Retrieved
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49:3rd Maryland
45:Cowpens flag
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35:painting by
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230:Leepson, 28
85:War of 1812
83:during the
67:Description
59:. Like the
31:The famous
290:(21.7 MB).
269:Mastai, 44
260:Cooper, 28
188:144085789X
116:The first
89:Lafayette
378:Category
298:(1981).
179:ABC-Clio
277:Sources
213:28 June
154:(CG-63)
152:Cowpens
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288:online
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113:flags.
160:Notes
47:, or
340:ISBN
326:ISBN
308:ISBN
215:2021
183:ISBN
150:USS
134:The
43:The
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235:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
