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229:, in New South Wales, Australia. It was the largest prison escape of World War II, as well as one of the bloodiest. During the escape and ensuing manhunt, four Australian soldiers were killed and 231 Japanese soldiers were killed or committed suicide. The remaining escapees were re-captured and imprisoned.
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Cowra POW Camp, 1 July 1944. Japanese POWs practising baseball near their quarters, several weeks before the Cowra
Breakout. The photograph was taken for the Allied Far Eastern Liaison Office, with the intention of using it in propaganda leaflets, to be dropped over Japanese held islands and Japan
116:
444:", began breaking through the wire, one mob on the northern side, one on the western and one on the southern. They flung themselves across the wire with the help of blankets. They were armed with knives, baseball bats, clubs studded with nails and hooks, wire stilettos and
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manned the No. 2 Vickers machine-gun and began firing into the first wave of escapees. They were soon overwhelmed by a wave of
Japanese prisoners who had breached the lines of barbed wire fences. Before dying, Private Hardy managed to remove and throw away the gun's
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During the escape and subsequent round-up of POWs, four
Australian soldiers and 231 Japanese soldiers were killed and 108 prisoners were wounded. The leaders of the breakout ordered the escapees not to attack Australian civilians, and none were killed or injured.
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military personnel and civilians were detained throughout World War II. The prisoners at Cowra also included 2,000 Italians, Koreans and
Taiwanese (who had served in the Japanese military) as well as Indonesian civilians, detained at the request of the
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A fifth
Australian, Thomas Roy Hancock of C Company 26 Battalion V.D.C. was accidentally shot by another volunteer while dismounting from a vehicle, in the process of deploying to protect railways and bridges from the escapees. Hancock later died of
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Some 359 POWs escaped, while some others attempted or committed suicide, or were killed by their countrymen. Some of those who did escape also committed suicide to avoid recapture. All the survivors were recaptured within 10 days of their breakout.
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At about 2 a.m. a
Japanese inmate ran to the camp gates and shouted what seemed to be a warning to the sentries. Then a Japanese bugle sounded. A sentry fired a warning shot. More sentries fired as three mobs of prisoners, shouting
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In the first week of August 1944, a tip-off from an informer (recorded in some sources to be a Korean informant using the name
Matsumoto) at Cowra led authorities to plan to move all Japanese POWs at Cowra, except officers and
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No complaints regarding treatment had been made by or on behalf of the
Japanese before the incident, which appeared to have been the result of a premeditated and concerted plan;
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792:): a non-fiction book by Dr. Mami Yamada focusing on Japanese officer POWs held in the D compound of the Cowra camp and their involvement in the breakout.
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Situated some 314 km (195 mi) due west of Sydney, Cowra is the town nearest to No. 12 Prisoner of War
Compound, a major POW camp where 4,000
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283:'s 22nd Garrison Battalion, which was composed mostly of old or disabled veterans or young men considered physically unfit for front-line service.
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The actions of the
Australian garrison in resisting the attack averted a greater loss of life, and firing ceased as soon as they regained control;
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Many of the dead had committed suicide or been killed by other prisoners, and many of the Japanese wounded had suffered self-inflicted wounds.
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Reconsidering the Cowra Breakout of 1944: From the Viewpoints of Survived Japanese Prisoners of War and Their 'Everyday Lives' in the Camp
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Graves at the Japanese War Cemetery in Cowra; many of those on the side nearest the camera are for people killed in the breakout.
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989:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. 7. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 623–624.
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Australia continued to operate No. 12 Camp until the last Japanese and Italian prisoners were repatriated in 1947.
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By August 1944, there were 2,223 Japanese POWs in Australia, including 544 merchant seamen. There were also 14,720
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798:(English translation) あの日、僕らの命はトイレットペーパーよりも軽かった -カウラ捕虜収容所からの大脱走 (2008): a 2-hour TV-movie produced by
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The last survivor of the breakout attempt, Teruo Murakami, died in Japan on September 14 2023.
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The government conducted an official inquiry into the events. Its conclusions were read to the
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based on an escapee who hid in the nearby Aboriginal mission until the end of the war.
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Die like the carp : the story of the greatest prison escape ever / Harry Gordon
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936:"They had to remember they were soldiers, albeit female | Australian War Memorial"
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On That Day, Our Lives Were Lighter Than Toilet Paper: The Great Cowra Breakout
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in New Zealand, in February 1943, led to security being tightened at Cowra.
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514: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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https://mro.massey.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10179/4778/02_whole.pdf
834:(2014): a doctoral thesis (Japanese language) by Dr. Mami Yamada.
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Die like the Carp: The Story of the Greatest Prison Escape Ever
653:, the only such cemetery in Australia. In addition, the nearby
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115:
1084:"Vale Teruo Murakami, the last survivor of the Cowra Breakout"
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Within minutes of the start of the breakout attempt, Privates
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1169:"The Cowra Breakout - Curator's notes + clips & credits"
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In the words of historian Gavin Long, the following night:
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Dead men rising / [by] Kenneth Seaforth Mackenzie
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prisoners, the majority of whom had been captured in the
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Gavin Long, "The prison breakout at Cowra, August 1944"
965:
Shooting and Friendship over Japanese Prisoners of War
718:): a novel by Teruhiko Asada, translated by Ray Cowan.
260:
Although the POWs were treated in accordance with the
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ANZAC Day Commemoration Committee (Qld) Incorporated.
978:"Appendix 5 – The Prison Break at Cowra, August 1944"
1316:, "Ghosts of Cowra breakout haunt Japan to this day"
764:
Voyage from Shame: The Cowra Breakout and Afterwards
675:
279:
to augment the rifles carried by the members of the
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Australian town commemorates 1944 POW camp breakout
810:(2008): an Australian film directed by Brad Haynes.
602:Conditions at the camp were in accordance with the
1022:, Migration Heritage Centre, New South Wales, 2006
748:(1984): a critically acclaimed 4½-hour television
271:Eventually the camp authorities installed several
16:1944 Japanese POW escape in Cowra, New South Wales
1730:Military history of Australia during World War II
700:, who was stationed at Cowra during the breakout.
1701:
1720:World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Australia
1300:(Indian national newspaper). (13 February 2005)
221:occurred on 5 August 1944, when 1,104 Japanese
1581:Agricultural Penitentiary of Monte Cristo riot
1350:
1286:Wal McKenzie, "Memories of the Cowra Breakout"
598:on 8 September 1944. Among the findings were:
1745:Military history of Japan during World War II
1336:
1221:Voyage from shame / [by] Harry Gordon
1740:POW escapes and rescues during World War II
1035:, Simon Balderstone and John Bowan (2006).
1343:
1329:
1267:"Official Cowra Japanese Garden Home Page"
1195:"The Cowra Breakout (TV mini-series 1984)"
232:
881:Japanese prisoners of war in World War II
840:(2016), Simon & Schuster Australia, (
655:Cowra Japanese Garden and Cultural Centre
574:Learn how and when to remove this message
381:Learn how and when to remove this message
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
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41:This article includes a list of general
969:
906:"The Story of Italians at the POW Camp"
397:Japanese POW cap, which was originally
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1304:"Fact Sheet 198: Cowra outbreak, 1944"
778:): a non-fiction book by Harry Gordon.
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512:adding citations to reliable sources
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319:adding citations to reliable sources
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27:
592:Australian House of Representatives
13:
1444:New Mexico State Penitentiary riot
1276:Australia in the War of 1939–1945,
47:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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1246:
1039:. New Holland. pp. 175–179.
676:Depictions in film and literature
1647:February Ecuadorian prison riots
752:, written by Margaret Kelly and
704:The Night of a Thousand Suicides
488:
295:
266:Featherston prisoner of war camp
114:
32:
1755:August 1944 events in Australia
1653:September Guayaquil prison riot
1504:F-type prisons strike and riots
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1173:National Film and Sound Archive
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858:, (2022), Hachette Australia, (
848:): an historical fiction by Dr
838:Barbed Wire and Cherry Blossoms
802:as a 55th-anniversary special.
499:needs additional citations for
306:needs additional citations for
21:The Cowra Breakout (miniseries)
1659:November Guayaquil prison riot
1307:National Archives of Australia
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768:University of Queensland Press
649:Cowra maintains a significant
627:as a result of their actions.
619:Privates Hardy and Jones were
1:
1367:Castle Hill convict rebellion
1226:National Library of Australia
1145:National Library of Australia
1115:National Library of Australia
891:
756:, and directed by Noonan and
225:escaped from a POW camp near
1224:. University of Queensland.
1037:Events That Shaped Australia
479:
7:
1735:Military camps in Australia
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409:The Japanese Garden in 2004
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10:
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1352:Prison riots and uprisings
784:(2005) ロスト・オフィサー, Spice, (
18:
1725:Prison riots in Australia
1512:
1480:Leopoldov prison uprising
1456:Peruvian prison massacres
1426:Pulau Senang prison riots
1387:
1358:
866:): a non-fiction book by
736:): a non-fiction book by
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153:
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1750:1940s in New South Wales
1689:Makala jailbreak attempt
417:Harry Doncaster Memorial
19:For the miniseries, see
1486:Strangeways Prison riot
1438:Huntsville Prison siege
1292:"Uprisings remembered"
1280:Australian War Memorial
1113:. A & R paperback.
1088:www.cowracouncil.com.au
233:Location and background
89:
62:more precise citations.
1575:Topo Chico prison riot
1521:Battle of Qala-i-Jangi
814:Shame and the Captives
635:
450:
418:
410:
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262:1929 Geneva Convention
255:North African Campaign
177:33.81139°S 148.70389°E
102:considered for merging
1629:Cameroon prison riots
1617:Amazonas prison riots
1569:Kaohsiung Prison riot
1563:Palmasola prison riot
1533:Altamira prison brawl
1468:Fremantle Prison riot
1011:Objects through Time:
708:Angus & Robertson
686:Angus & Robertson
651:Japanese war cemetery
633:
435:
426:, to another camp at
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396:
1671:Battle of al-Hasakah
1623:Altamira prison riot
1611:Acarigua prison riot
1587:Kidapawan jail siege
1551:Welikada prison riot
1462:Atlanta prison riots
1379:Cooking Pot Uprising
1257:World War II 1939–45
1253:"The Cowra Breakout"
976:Long, Gavin (1963).
665:in the style of the
508:improve this article
461:Benjamin Gower Hardy
428:Hay, New South Wales
315:improve this article
182:-33.81139; 148.70389
1635:Guanare prison riot
1593:Brazil prison riots
1557:Uribana prison riot
1539:Apodaca prison riot
1498:Khujand prison riot
1474:Polish prison riots
1278:(Published by) the
1259:(Published by) the
1013:COWRA bugle, c1930s
986:The Final Campaigns
173: /
110:
1683:Támara prison riot
1641:Mahara prison riot
1527:Mexico prison riot
1492:Carandiru massacre
1432:Attica Prison riot
1402:Battle of Alcatraz
1373:Bathurst Rebellion
856:The Cowra Breakout
816:(2013), Sceptre, (
745:The Cowra Breakout
698:Seaforth Mackenzie
657:, a commemorative
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604:Geneva Conventions
594:by Prime Minister
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281:Australian Militia
277:Lewis machine guns
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1715:1944 in Australia
1697:
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1677:Tuluá prison riot
1665:Tula prison break
1073:), 19 August 2014
1046:978-1-74110-492-9
1018:5 August 2012 at
886:Takenaga incident
822:978-1-444-78127-4
800:Nippon Television
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1408:Norilsk uprising
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1033:Wendy Lewis
850:Anita Heiss
726:Corgi Books
596:John Curtin
465:Ralph Jones
180: /
168:148°42′14″E
155:Coordinates
91:‹ The
60:introducing
1710:1944 riots
1704:Categories
1235:0702226289
1093:15 October
1071:Kyodo News
1009:Exhibit -
892:References
807:Broken Sun
766:, (1994),
750:miniseries
724:, (1978),
706:, (1970),
684:, (1951),
667:Edo period
564:March 2019
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165:33°48′41″S
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480:Aftermath
446:garotting
148:Australia
100:is being
1309:. (2000)
1282:. (1963)
1228:. 1994.
1147:. 1978.
1117:. 1973.
1016:Archived
945:21 April
920:6 August
875:See also
287:Breakout
198:Japanese
135:Location
104:. ›
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227:Cowra
196:~359
140:Cowra
138:Near
1230:ISBN
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