576:
588:
336:
93:
506:
371:
636:
36:
600:
612:
151:; cranes have a spiritual meaning where they are a form of divine bird which travels between heaven and man's world. Cranes regularly appear in Chinese arts such as paintings, tapestry, and decorative arts; they are also often depicted carrying the souls of the deceased to heaven. The crane is the second most important bird after the
335:
524:
The combination of a crane with peaches is one of the
Chinese symbols of longevity, due to their associations with immortals (i.e. they were used as conveyance for immortals). Both of them are symbols of longevity in Chinese mythology. Immortals are often depicted on the back of cranes while mythical
209:
According to some
Chinese legends, there are 4 kinds of cranes which differ in colours: white, yellow, blue, and black. The black crane is believed to have lived for centuries. According to Chinese legends, at the age of 1000, a crane would turn grey and after another 1000 years, the crane would turn
690:
The
Japanese accepted the concept that the crane represented longevity when Chinese culture gradually influenced Japanese culture; the Japanese then gradually modified into becoming a symbol of joy. Since the 9th century, cranes are considered a symbol of happiness and the combination of a crane and
450:
In ancient
Chinese legends, the crane shows the elegance of the immortals, which included the meaning of elegance, moral integrity and the personal dignity of the immortals. The crane is often praised in classical Chinese literature and is perceived as elegant and graceful, and when a crane spreads
219:
According to a
Chinese legend, Tseng sang (a disciple of Confucius) spared the life of a wounded crane which then flew away but later came back to Tseng sang with its mate; both of them were carrying a pearl in their mouth which was then bestowed to Tseng
250:) drank in a wine shop and instead of paying, he drew 2 dancing cranes on the wall of the inn. The wall painting became famous attracting more customers; however, when the debt was paid, the cranes detached themselves from the wall and flew away.
575:
230:
As souls traditionally ride on a crane to go to the
Western Heaven; crane illustrations with spread wings can appear in Chinese funeral material culture (e.g. on coffins or a banner in funeral processions). In the
587:
370:
479:
Pine trees and cranes together are symbols of longevity and also symbolize the last years of a long life. When flying cranes are combined with growing pines, the symbol of longevity is intensified.
499:
According to
Chinese beliefs, the combination of a tortoise and crane is associated with longevity. Like the crane, the tortoise is also one of the symbols of longevity in Chinese culture.
569:). The crane mandarin square when combined in a crane, water, clouds, and blue sky design reflects the emphasis on the wisdom and talent of the Chinese Imperial court's civil officials.
505:
210:
dark; thus being termed as "the mysterious crane". According to some legends, a black crane no longer eats food and only drinks water when it turns 600 years old.
170:, who sometimes were said to have magical abilities to transform into cranes in order to fly on various journeys. When a taoist priest dies, it is referred as
471:. It is also customary for Chinese people to give the picture of a crane to elderly people on their birthdays as it symbolizes good health and longevity.
1918:
1840:
1095:
627:
The illustrations of two cranes flying up towards the sun is used to express the wishes that the recipient of the illustration may 'rise high'.
1168:"Rank Badges of Official Costumes of Ming and Qing Dynasties from the Perspective of Social Semiotics--《Language and Semiotic Studies》2021年02期"
961:
677:
Depictions of cranes in pairs were also associated with elderly couples as white feathers give the impression of the white hair of an elderly.
391:
In
Chinese traditions, when pine trees are old, they can sometimes turn into cranes since both the pine trees and cranes have a long life-time.
1299:
184:. The geographic area of "China" is of course a concept which has evolved of changed through history. Chinese mythology include myths in
17:
1779:
1595:
1923:
999:
937:
545:
of the Ming and Qing dynasties' court robes. In the Ming dynasty, the first class civil official would wear a buzi with a
1786:
1388:
1908:
1807:
1202:
1039:
889:
847:
79:
57:
50:
1327:
1872:
1865:
1751:
1292:
611:
599:
459:
Cranes are one of the symbols of longevity in
Chinese culture; as such, they are often depicted together with a
1833:
118:
1800:
1716:
110:
92:
1535:
1383:
1347:
1285:
1118:"Different Associations of Animal Words in English and Chinese and the Relevant Translation Strategies"
713:
193:
1886:
1858:
1638:
1362:
418:
361:
307:
674:(五伦). In this particular combination, the crane symbolizes the relationship between father and son.
1758:
526:
44:
1879:
1772:
1464:
1342:
1117:
759:
753:
265:
278:
1694:
1668:
1519:
1322:
772:
701:
401:
61:
1167:
1663:
1367:
724:
635:
8:
1793:
1648:
147:. In China, the crane mythology is associated with the divine bird worship in the animal
1257:
143:, and in Chinese mythology cranes are generally symbolically connected with the idea of
1814:
1643:
1628:
1089:
955:
788:
746:
730:
488:
426:
422:
296:
1765:
1332:
1308:
1230:
1208:
1198:
1140:
1077:
1045:
1035:
1005:
995:
943:
933:
895:
885:
853:
843:
766:
547:
439:
177:
159:
136:
158:
The motifs of cranes may vary in a range from reference to real cranes (such as the
1913:
1580:
1575:
1481:
1132:
785:, on the Taoist immortals, who were closely associated with cranes, in various ways
718:
691:
tortoise is used in marriage ceremonies to represent both happiness and longevity.
552:
317:
rode a crane after achieving immortality and cranes stand beside his statues. Some
185:
775:, on an ancient technological device portraying associated cranes, tortoises, and
1590:
1393:
839:
A dictionary of
Chinese symbols : hidden symbols in Chinese life and thought
542:
303:
247:
1744:
1469:
1454:
1408:
1337:
792:
487:
In popular prints, a crane is sometimes depicted with the herb of immortality (
357:
353:
947:
749:, on a martial art style based on traditional ideas of the movements of cranes
1902:
1737:
1658:
1623:
1501:
1474:
1144:
1081:
1009:
782:
655:
530:
257:
165:
100:
1049:
899:
857:
243:
1653:
1613:
1459:
1449:
927:
736:
706:
667:
643:
349:
345:
140:
1136:
989:
407:
A "dance of the white cranes" is a Chinese dance from the 500 BC in China.
1689:
1569:
1565:
1413:
1212:
1029:
879:
837:
310:, Shouxing (壽星), who is flying past on a crane through auspicious clouds.
189:
581:
Rank badge with crane, early Qing dynasty, late 17th–early 18th century.
1560:
1513:
1423:
1192:
1826:
1723:
1491:
1071:
651:
377:
152:
144:
1277:
1496:
1403:
464:
442:
is a symbol of happiness. good luck, long life, and marital bliss.
1730:
1550:
1398:
663:
536:
380:, on a flying crane, by Zhang Lu (1464–1538), early 16th century.
180:
refers to those myths found in the historical geographic area of
769:, a large east Asian crane, important in mythology and symbolism
236:
1818:
1699:
1633:
1585:
1545:
1540:
1428:
1418:
560:
318:
126:
283:
A crane which is used as a form of immortal ride is called an
1673:
1555:
1524:
1486:
1433:
1357:
740:
659:
322:
314:
181:
148:
881:
The cranes : status survey and conservation action plan
1618:
1530:
1508:
1352:
529:; therefore the combination of peaches and immortals evoke
468:
460:
1258:"Cranes, Peach Tree, and Chinese Roses early 18th century"
884:. George Archibald. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. p. 13.
438:
In East Asian culture (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam), the
791:, on a series of structures of symbolic interest and in
514:, from the Mausoleum of Han Emperor Jingdi, Han dynasty.
593:
Rank badge with crane, late Qing dynasty, 19th century.
491:) in its beak; this is a double symbol of longevity.
433:
328:
Xiwangmu is also often depicted riding a white crane.
451:its wings, it reflects an outstanding temperament.
421:, a white crane guards precious plants, such as the
763:, with the White Crane Boy character from mythology
348:(1368–1644). The immortals are from left to right:
727:, for general information on Chinese folk religion
204:
1841:Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations
1073:Cranes of the World: 8. Cranes in Myth and Legend
739:, for general information on the cranes (Gruidae
1900:
991:Encyclopedia of China : History and Culture
482:
306:are sometimes depicted in pictures greeting the
224:
733:, for general information on Chinese literature
525:peaches are believed to grow in the orchard of
174:(羽化; lit. "turning into a feathered (Crane)").
630:
537:Marker of social ranking in the Imperial Court
1293:
721:, for general information on Chinese folklore
385:
1094:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
680:
445:
162:) referring to transformed Taoist immortals
260:), an immortal who was transformed from an
1300:
1286:
960:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
272:
1116:Wang, Fade; Zhang, Minglan (2017-11-01).
1115:
617:Rank badge with crane, late 19th century.
605:Rank badge with crane, late 19th century.
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1919:Mythological and legendary Chinese birds
1190:
835:
634:
299:to play by riding on dragons and cranes.
213:
155:, the symbol of the empress, in China.
91:
43:This article includes a list of general
1125:Theory and Practice in Language Studies
987:
622:
279:Xian_(Taoism) § In_art_and_culture
242:According to a popular story, one day,
188:and other languages, as transmitted by
14:
1901:
1034:. Deming An. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
842:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
474:
235:, cranes are depicted standing beside
199:
1307:
1281:
1252:
1250:
1228:
1224:
1222:
877:
831:
829:
757:, a cinematographic portrayal of the
494:
411:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1019:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
925:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
873:
871:
869:
867:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
519:
139:. There are various myths involving
29:
1787:Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
704:, on use of crane bone marrow in a
434:Cultural significance and symbolism
24:
1389:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
1247:
1219:
1070:A., Johnsgard, Paul (1983-01-01).
1069:
533:, which is an isle for immortals.
376:Depiction of the Daoist immortal,
342:Four Immortals Saluting Longevity,
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1935:
1808:What the Master Would Not Discuss
1151:
1102:
1056:
1016:
968:
906:
864:
806:
233:Western Han dynasty silk painting
672:five relationship between people
650:When a crane is depicted with a
610:
598:
586:
574:
504:
369:
334:
34:
1873:The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
1866:Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy
994:. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.
463:or a stone, or together with a
205:Evolution of the crane with age
1834:Records of the Grand Historian
1184:
929:Religious faith of the Chinese
565:
131:
122:
114:
13:
1:
1801:In Search of the Supernatural
1717:Classic of Mountains and Seas
1031:Handbook of Chinese mythology
799:
483:Crane and herb of immortality
313:According to Taoist legends,
225:Chinese deities and immortals
1924:Animals in Chinese mythology
541:Cranes were depicted on the
454:
135:) are an important motif in
7:
694:
640:Snow Plums and Twin Cranes,
631:Relationship between people
10:
1940:
1231:"Longevity in Chinese Art"
1191:Christie, Anthony (1968).
836:Eberhard, Wolfram (1986).
714:Birds in Chinese mythology
399:
386:Transformation into cranes
276:
27:Motif in Chinese mythology
18:Crane in Chinese mythology
1887:Mulian Rescues His Mother
1859:Legend of the White Snake
1850:
1708:
1682:
1606:
1442:
1376:
1315:
988:Perkins, Dorothy (2013).
932:. Singapore. p. 44.
681:Influences and derivative
556:
446:Demeanour and temperament
1909:Chinese poetry allusions
1759:The Peach Blossom Spring
685:
395:
344:by Shang Xi (商喜), early
295:, Immortals often go to
254:White Crane Immortal Boy
1880:The Magic Lotus Lantern
1773:Investiture of the Gods
754:The Legend and the Hero
360:, and Liu Haichan. The
273:Crane as immortal rides
266:Investiture of the Gods
64:more precise citations.
1695:Peaches of Immortality
1520:Chinese guardian lions
1443:Mythological creatures
926:Zhuo, Xinping (2018).
773:South-pointing chariot
702:Bigu (avoiding grains)
666:, this represents the
647:
402:List of dance in China
194:minority ethnic groups
103:
1780:The Sorcerer's Revolt
1368:Chinese folk religion
1229:Deney, Joyce (2010).
1137:10.17507/tpls.0711.17
725:Chinese folk religion
638:
419:Legend of White Snake
321:are also referred as
214:Cranes carrying pearl
95:
1328:Godly world concepts
1028:Yang, Lihui (2005).
878:Meine, Curt (1996).
623:Wishes of prosperity
423:grass of immortality
1794:Journey to the West
475:Crane and pine tree
200:Legends and deities
119:traditional Chinese
1815:Heavenly Questions
1629:Gate of the Ghosts
1384:Gods and immortals
1348:Gods and immortals
1197:. London: Hamlyn.
789:Yellow Crane Tower
779:(Taoist immortals)
747:Fujian White Crane
731:Chinese literature
710:immortality recipe
648:
512:Crane and Tortoise
495:Crane and tortoise
412:In popular culture
111:simplified Chinese
104:
1896:
1895:
1766:The Four Journeys
1309:Chinese mythology
1262:www.metmuseum.org
1235:www.metmuseum.org
1194:Chinese mythology
1001:978-1-135-93562-7
939:978-981-10-6379-4
767:Red-crowned crane
520:Crane and peaches
440:red-crowned crane
364:riding the crane.
264:according to the
192:as well as other
178:Chinese mythology
160:red-crowned crane
137:Chinese mythology
97:Bamboo and Cranes
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
1931:
1851:Other folk tales
1581:Nine-headed Bird
1576:Peng (mythology)
1482:Four Holy Beasts
1377:Major personages
1302:
1295:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1164:
1149:
1148:
1122:
1113:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1085:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1025:
1014:
1013:
985:
966:
965:
959:
951:
923:
904:
903:
875:
862:
861:
833:
719:Chinese folklore
670:concepts of the
614:
602:
590:
578:
567:
558:
508:
425:, which grow on
373:
338:
308:god of longevity
133:
124:
116:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1846:
1704:
1678:
1644:Kunlun Mountain
1602:
1591:Nine-tailed fox
1438:
1394:Eight Immortals
1372:
1316:Overview topics
1311:
1306:
1276:
1275:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1220:
1205:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1174:
1172:www.cnki.com.cn
1166:
1165:
1152:
1120:
1114:
1103:
1087:
1086:
1068:
1057:
1042:
1026:
1017:
1002:
986:
969:
953:
952:
940:
924:
907:
892:
876:
865:
850:
834:
807:
802:
797:
697:
688:
683:
633:
625:
618:
615:
606:
603:
594:
591:
582:
579:
543:mandarin square
539:
522:
515:
509:
497:
485:
477:
457:
448:
436:
414:
404:
398:
388:
381:
374:
365:
362:longevity deity
339:
304:Eight immortals
281:
275:
248:Eight immortals
227:
216:
207:
202:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1937:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1745:Shenxian Zhuan
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1712:
1710:
1709:Literary works
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1570:Four Evildoers
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1470:Vermilion Bird
1467:
1462:
1457:
1455:Black Tortoise
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1409:Yellow Emperor
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:Shenmo fiction
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1246:
1218:
1203:
1183:
1150:
1101:
1055:
1040:
1015:
1000:
967:
938:
905:
890:
863:
848:
804:
803:
801:
798:
796:
795:
793:Chinese poetry
786:
780:
770:
764:
760:Fengshen Yanyi
750:
744:
734:
728:
722:
716:
711:
698:
696:
693:
687:
684:
682:
679:
632:
629:
624:
621:
620:
619:
616:
609:
607:
604:
597:
595:
592:
585:
583:
580:
573:
538:
535:
521:
518:
517:
516:
510:
503:
496:
493:
484:
481:
476:
473:
456:
453:
447:
444:
435:
432:
431:
430:
413:
410:
409:
408:
397:
394:
393:
392:
387:
384:
383:
382:
375:
368:
366:
358:Iron-Crutch Li
340:
333:
331:
330:
326:
325:(hechang, 鶴氅).
311:
300:
285:immortal crane
274:
271:
270:
269:
262:immortal crane
251:
240:
226:
223:
222:
221:
215:
212:
206:
203:
201:
198:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1936:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1738:Liexian Zhuan
1735:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:Jade Mountain
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Eight Pillars
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1502:Spirit turtle
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1475:Yellow Dragon
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Creation myth
1321:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1204:0-600-00637-9
1200:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1041:1-57607-807-8
1037:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1007:
1003:
997:
993:
992:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
963:
957:
949:
945:
941:
935:
931:
930:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
901:
897:
893:
891:2-8317-0326-3
887:
883:
882:
874:
872:
870:
868:
859:
855:
851:
849:0-7102-0191-5
845:
841:
840:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
805:
794:
790:
787:
784:
783:Xian (Taoism)
781:
778:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
761:
756:
755:
751:
748:
745:
742:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
715:
712:
709:
708:
703:
700:
699:
692:
678:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:mandarin duck
653:
645:
641:
637:
628:
613:
608:
601:
596:
589:
584:
577:
572:
571:
570:
568:
562:
554:
550:
549:
544:
534:
532:
528:
513:
507:
502:
501:
500:
492:
490:
480:
472:
470:
466:
462:
452:
443:
441:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:
406:
405:
403:
390:
389:
379:
372:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
337:
332:
329:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
305:
301:
298:
294:
290:
289:
288:
286:
280:
267:
263:
259:
258:Xianhe Tongzi
255:
252:
249:
245:
241:
238:
234:
229:
228:
218:
217:
211:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
173:
169:
167:
161:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
128:
120:
112:
108:
102:
101:Bian Jingzhao
98:
94:
84:
81:
73:
70:November 2019
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1654:Moving Sands
1596:
1516:(Fox spirit)
1460:Azure Dragon
1450:Four Symbols
1265:. Retrieved
1261:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:
1193:
1186:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:
1131:(11): 1085.
1128:
1124:
1072:
1030:
990:
928:
880:
838:
776:
758:
752:
737:Crane (bird)
705:
689:
676:
671:
668:Confucianist
649:
646:(1368–1644).
644:Ming dynasty
639:
626:
564:
546:
540:
523:
511:
498:
486:
478:
458:
449:
437:
346:Ming dynasty
341:
319:taoist robes
297:Mount Kunlun
292:
284:
282:
261:
253:
246:(one of the
232:
208:
176:
171:
163:
157:
130:
106:
105:
96:
76:
67:
48:
1752:Shenyi Jing
1566:Four Perils
1465:White Tiger
1414:Yan Emperor
548:fairy crane
323:crane robes
190:Han Chinese
62:introducing
1903:Categories
1669:Weak River
1561:Fox spirit
1267:2022-03-04
1240:2022-03-04
1177:2022-03-05
948:1017489156
800:References
400:See also:
277:See also:
244:Lü Dongbin
45:references
1827:Huainanzi
1724:Shi Yi Ji
1664:Red River
1514:Huli jing
1492:Fenghuang
1333:Astrology
1145:1799-2591
1090:cite book
1082:749212887
1010:869091722
956:cite book
652:fenghuang
461:pine tree
455:Longevity
378:He Xiangu
153:fenghuang
145:longevity
1497:Yinglong
1404:Shennong
1050:61397586
900:35769248
858:11970928
695:See also
527:Xiwangmu
465:tortoise
149:totemism
1914:Gruidae
1731:Bowuzhi
1659:Penglai
1649:Longmen
1597:more...
1551:Wuzhiqi
1527:(Bixie)
1424:Chang'e
1399:Youchao
1338:Dragons
664:wagtail
553:Chinese
531:penglai
417:In the
354:Hanshan
293:Shiyiji
291:In the
186:Chinese
58:improve
1819:Chu Ci
1700:Xirang
1634:Fusang
1614:Buzhou
1607:Places
1586:Tianma
1546:Xiezhi
1541:Hundun
1536:Horses
1429:Hou Yi
1419:Chiyou
1363:Ghosts
1211:
1201:
1143:
1080:
1048:
1038:
1008:
998:
946:
936:
898:
888:
856:
846:
662:and a
642:early
566:xiānhè
563::
561:pinyin
555::
427:Kunlun
141:cranes
129::
127:pinyin
121::
113::
107:Cranes
47:, but
1683:Items
1674:Youdu
1556:Yeren
1525:Pixiu
1487:Qilin
1434:Kuafu
1358:Pangu
1213:41132
1121:(PDF)
741:clade
686:Japan
660:heron
467:or a
396:Dance
350:Shide
315:Laozi
220:sang.
182:China
172:yuhua
99:, by
1619:Diyu
1531:Nian
1509:Bixi
1353:Tian
1209:OCLC
1199:ISBN
1141:ISSN
1096:link
1078:OCLC
1046:OCLC
1036:ISBN
1006:OCLC
996:ISBN
962:link
944:OCLC
934:ISBN
896:OCLC
886:ISBN
854:OCLC
844:ISBN
777:xian
707:wugu
469:deer
302:The
237:Nüwa
166:xian
1133:doi
489:zhi
1905::
1690:Gu
1260:.
1249:^
1233:.
1221:^
1207:.
1170:.
1153:^
1139:.
1127:.
1123:.
1104:^
1092:}}
1088:{{
1076:.
1058:^
1044:.
1018:^
1004:.
970:^
958:}}
954:{{
942:.
908:^
894:.
866:^
852:.
808:^
658:,
654:,
559:;
557:仙鹤
356:,
352:,
287:.
196:.
132:Hè
125:;
117:;
1821:)
1817:(
1572:)
1568:(
1301:e
1294:t
1287:v
1270:.
1243:.
1215:.
1180:.
1147:.
1135::
1129:7
1098:)
1084:.
1052:.
1012:.
964:)
950:.
902:.
860:.
743:)
551:(
429:.
268:.
256:(
239:.
168:)
164:(
123:鶴
115:鹤
109:(
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
