Crass - Knowledge

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Europe, revived anti-nuclear movements across the continent, and would have arisen with or without the intercession of anarcho-punk. What Crass and anarcho-punk can quite legitimately claim is to have convinced a substantial number of radical youth to commit their energies to the most militant anti-militarist wings of the disarmament movement, which laid siege to nuclear installations across the country and which saw no conflict between its pacifist precepts and its willingness to commit acts of 'criminal damage' on the military property of the nuclear state.

997:. It was also a reflection of disagreements within the group, as explained by Rimbaud: "Half the band supported the pacifist line and half supported direct and if necessary violent action. It was a confusing time for us, and I think a lot of our records show that, inadvertently". This led to introspection within the band, with some members becoming embittered and losing sight of their essentially positive stance. Reflecting this debate, the next release under the Crass name was 1092: 347: 883: 1968: 709: 1240: 1380: 769: 2568:, p. 108: "They were very difficult to film, because with Super-8 you needed far more light than was available at a Crass gig – all you'd get was shadows and light – that would be about it. So it was a bit pointless filming the gigs. I did try asking for maybe 60 watt bulbs instead of 40 but there was no deal" – Mick Duffield 506:(symbolising the idea that power will eventually destroy itself). Using such deliberately mixed messages was part of Crass's strategy of presenting themselves as a "barrage of contradictions", challenging audiences to (in Rimbaud's words) "make your own fucking minds up". This included using loud, aggressive music to promote a 1307:

latter joined him onstage for a drum-and-vocal rendition of "Do They Owe Us A Living", bringing the band's career full circle after 34 years: "And then Penny came on...and we did it, 'Do They Owe Us A Living' as we'd first done it all those years ago. As it started, so it finished". Ignorant's lineup for the tour were

1552:, in his early teens at the time, was a big fan of the band, would play their records at home and much later cited them in a radio interview, when asked about what band or artist had first made him want to get up on stage as a singer: "Crass! Their energy on stage was incredible, I was very impressed". 940: 1370:

In June 2016, "The Art of Crass" was the subject of an exhibition at the LightBox Gallery in Leicester curated by artist and technologist Sean Clark. The exhibition featured prints and original artworks by Gee Vaucher, Penny Rimbaud, Eve Libertine, and Dave King. During the exhibition, Penny Rimbaud,

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In 2011 Steve Ignorant embarked on an international tour, entitled "The Last Supper". He performed Crass material, culminating with a final performance at the Shepherd's Bush Empire on 19 November. Ignorant said that this was the last time he would sing the songs of Crass, with Rimbaud's support; the

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with a band of "selected guests". Other members of Crass were not involved in these concerts. Initially Rimbaud refused Ignorant permission to perform Crass songs he had written, but later changed his mind: "I acknowledge and respect Steve's right to do this, but I do regard it as a betrayal of the

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industry and the manufacture of nuclear weapons along with a large poster-style map of nuclear installations in the UK. The other side of the record, "Big A Little A", was a statement of the band's anti-statist and individualist anarchist philosophy: "Be exactly who you want to be, do what you want

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In their own writing, Crass somewhat overstate the contribution that anarcho-punk made to resuscitating the moribund Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) in the early 1980s. The initiation of a new arms race, confirmed by plans to deploy first-strike Cruise and Pershing nuclear missiles across

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We found ourselves in a strange and frightening arena. We had wanted to make our views public, had wanted to share them with like minded people, but now those views were being analysed by those dark shadows who inhabited the corridors of power (…) We had gained a form of political power, found a

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and musical activities. On 18 December 1982, the band helped coordinate a 24-hour squat in the empty West London Zig Zag club to prove "that the underground punk scene could handle itself responsibly when it had to and that music really could be enjoyed free of the restraints imposed upon it by

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The court passed a verdict of suicide with no reference at all to the appalling treatment that had been the direct cause of it. Our inquiries convinced us that what had happened was not an accident. The state had intended to destroy Wally's spirit, if not his life, because he was a threat, a

1220:, north London (where they regularly played). In June 2005 Crass Agenda was declared to be "no more", changing its name to the "more pertinent" Last Amendment. After a five-year hiatus, Last Amendment performed at the Vortex in June 2012. Rimbaud has also performed and recorded with 1371:

Eve Libertine, and Louise Elliot performed "The Cobblestones of Love", a lyrical reworking of the Crass album "Yes Sir, I Will". On the final day of the exhibition there was a performance by Steve Ignorant's Slice of Life. The exhibition is documented on The Art of Crass website.

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had taken so long to produce that some of the songs in it, songs that warned of the imminence of riots and war, had become almost redundant. Toxteth, Bristol, Brixton and the Falklands were ablaze by the time that we released. We felt embarrassed by our slowness, humbled by our

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Penny (he's a bloke) has started a petition to keep the Vortex in Stoke Newington, and puts up a notice in the club saying: "This Is the Spiritual Home of Jazz and We Ain't Leaving." The resulting petition ends up going to the council with 3,000 signatures on

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in 1974, and died shortly afterwards. Rimbaud believed that Russell was murdered by the State for political reasons. Co-founder Ignorant has cited The Clash and David Bowie as major personal influences. Band members have also cited influences ranging from

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in general; nevertheless, the anarchist ideas that they promoted have maintained a presence in punk. Because of their free experimentation and use of tape collages, graphics, spoken word releases, poetry and improvisation, Crass have been associated with

2218:(Crass Records, cat no.421984/4): "Sometime in 1977 Rimbaud and Ignorant started messing around with a song called 'owe us a living'. They ran through it a few times and decided to form a band consisting of themselves. They called themselves Crass" 2752:

But Crass blame this on Rock Against Racism which, they allege, has polarised youth. "If you're not in RAR then you're a Nazi. Now we're sandwiched between left-wing violence and right-wing violence" – Crass interviewed in "New Society",

2230:"At the end of the Clash gig there was all these people shouting and saying 'your shit!' and Joe Strummer stood there and said 'if you think you can do any better go ahead and start your own band.' And I was like what a great idea!" 459:

in Covent Garden, London. According to Rimbaud, the band arrived drunk at the second show and were ejected from the stage; this inspired their song "Banned from the Roxy" and Rimbaud's essay for Crass's self-published magazine

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exhibited a portion of his Crass ephemera collection at the Roth Gallery in New York. The exhibit featured artwork, albums (including 12" LPs and EPs), 7" singles from Crass Records and a complete set of Crass' self-published

1274:, remastered reissues of their back catalogue. Three former members objected, threatening legal action. Despite their concerns the project went ahead, and the remasters were eventually released. First in the series was 525:

during live sets, preferring to play under 40-watt household light bulbs; the technical difficulties of filming under such lighting conditions partly explains why there is little live footage of Crass. They pioneered

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rallies of the early 21st century. Support for these activities was provided in the lyrics and sleeve notes of the band's last single, "You're Already Dead", expressing doubts about their commitment to

464:, "Crass at the Roxy". After the incident, the band took themselves more seriously, avoiding alcohol and cannabis before shows and wearing black, military-surplus-style clothing on and off the stage. 2094: 574:

content of the song "Asylum", and the record was released without it. In its place were two minutes of silence entitled "The Sound of Free Speech". This incident prompted Crass to create their own

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The speed with which the Falklands War was played out and the devastation that Thatcher was creating both at home and abroad forced us to respond far faster than we had ever needed to before.

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Crass influenced the anarchist movement in the UK, the US and beyond. The growth of anarcho-punk spurred interest in anarchist ideas. The band have also claimed credit for revitalising the

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settings of 50 poems by Penny Rimbaud, described as "songs to my other self" and intended to celebrate "the profound sense of unity, peace and love that exists within that other self".

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during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Others contend that they overestimated their influence, their radicalising effect on militants notwithstanding. Researcher Richard Cross stated:

4102: 597:(when most other singles cost about 90p), and was the first example of Crass' "pay no more than..." policy to issue records as inexpensively as possible. The band failed to factor 397:. They produced "So What?" and "Do They Owe Us a Living?" as a drum-and-vocal duo. They briefly called themselves Stormtrooper before choosing Crass in reference to a line in the 1343:

Artwork by Gee Vaucher and Penny Rimbaud, including a recording of the original 'Thatchergate Tape', featured as part of the 'Peculiar People' show at the Focal Point Gallery in

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Crass ethos". Ignorant had a different view: "I don't have to justify what I do...Plus, most of the lyrics are still relevant today. And remember that three-letter word, 'fun'?"

1138:, and on the return trip, guitarist N. A. Palmer announced his intent to leave the group. This confirmed Crass's previous intention to quit in 1984, and the band was dissolved. 1869:

by Penny Rimbaud with Paul Ellis, Eve Libertine and Steve Ignorant (Cat No. 1984/4, LP and book, 1984. Reissued as CD and book as Exitstencilisms Cat No. EXT001 2012)

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and Action Space in central London. The latter performances were often poorly attended: "The audience consisted mostly of us when the Subs played and the Subs when we played".

428:. They planned to play five songs, but a neighbour "pulled the plug" after three. Guitarist Steve Herman left the band soon afterward and was replaced by Phil Clancey, a.k.a. 1841:"Sheep Farming in the Falklands" / "Gotcha" (121984/3, 7" single, 1982, originally released anonymously as a flexi-disc) (UK Indie – No. 1 , UK Singles Chart: No 106) 1023:

tapes", a recording of an apparently accidentally overheard telephone conversation (because of crossed lines). The tape was constructed by Crass from edited recordings of

479:. This gave the band a militaristic image, which led to accusations of fascism. Crass countered that their uniform appearance was intended to be a statement against the " 3433: 1130:

prosecution; this, combined with exhaustion and the pressures of living and operating together, finally took its toll. On 7 July 1984, the band played a benefit gig at

1311:, Carol Hodge, Pete Wilson and Spike T. Smith, and he was joined by Eve Libertine for a number of songs. The set list included a cover of "West One (Shine on Me)" by 705:, their politics are up shit creek". Many of the band's punk followers felt that they failed to understand the violence to which they were subjected from the right. 3601: 3627: 1148:

On 11 July 2024, the full 7 July 1984 concert was released as a free download to celebrate its 40th anniversary, albeit as a poor and upscaled tape transfer.

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during the spring of 2016, part of a series of events celebrating the history of 'Radical Essex'. Vaucher's painting 'Oh America', featuring an image of the

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with a live recording of "Sheep Farming in the Falklands", and copies were randomly inserted into the sleeves of other records by sympathetic workers at the

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and organised political action. The band expressed its ideals by dressing in black, military-surplus-style clothing and using a stage backdrop amalgamating

4279: 3560: 2098: 647:, a band with whom they regularly appeared. This was a double album, with three sides of new material and a fourth side recorded live at the Pied Bull in 1122:

voice, were being treated with a slightly awed respect, but was that really what we wanted? Was that what we had set out to achieve all those years ago?

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Subsequent releases (including the singles "How Does It Feel? (To Be the Mother of a Thousand Dead)" and "Sheep Farming in the Falklands" and the album

2147: 923:) saw the band's sound return to basics and were issued as "tactical responses" to political situations. Crass anonymously produced 20,000 copies of a 1141:

The group's final release as Crass was the "Ten Notes on a Summer's Day" 12" single in 1986. Crass Records was closed in 1992; its final release was

3154: 1791: 4876: 2407: 4250: 3709: 4116: 1876:(pre Crass material featuring Penny Rimbaud, Gee Vaucher, John Loder and others) (Exit Stencil Music Cat No. EXMO2, CD and book, 2013) 4871: 4527: 3080: 2867: 827:, a teenage romance magazine. Crass tricked the magazine into offering the disc, posing as "Creative Recording and Sound Services". 4856: 2849: 4544: 3124: 4891: 3345: 2066:

We believed that you could no more be a socialist and signed to CBS (The Clash) than you could be an anarchist and signed to EMI

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accepted the offer, telling their readers that the free Crass flexi would make "your wedding day just that bit extra special". A

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aspects of contemporary youth culture. This was followed by the double single "Nagasaki Nightmare/Big A Little A". The strongly

589:, and Crass were investigated by the police because of the song's lyrics. The band were interviewed at their Dial House home by 4195:""Do They Owe Us a Living? Of Course They Do!" Crass, Throbbing Gristle, and Anarchy and Radicalism in Early English Punk Rock" 2029:"In August 1977 Dave King went (...) As Dave exits stage left, Steve Ignorant returns to Dial House and (...) Crass was born." 2931: 693:, triggering violence. Crass later argued that the leftists were largely to blame for the fighting, and organizations such as 4861: 4836: 4506: 4487: 4468: 4445: 4357: 4334: 4174: 3437: 2774: 2723: 1847:"Whodunnit?" (121984/4, 7" single, 1983, pressed in "shit-coloured vinyl") (UK Indie – No. 2, UK Singles Chart – No.119) 801:(singer Steve Ignorant was credited as "not on this recording"). The album addressed feminist issues, attacking marriage and 3827:"The Quietus - Features - A Quietus Interview - Penny Rimbaud On Crass & The Poets Of Transcendentalism & Modernism" 1844:"How Does It Feel To Be The Mother of 1000 Dead?" / "The Immortal Death" (221984/6, 7" single, 1983) (UK Indie – No. 1) 1228:. A "new" Crass track (a remix of 1982's "Major General Despair" with new lyrics), "The Unelected President", is available. 1156:

In November 2002 several former members arranged Your Country Needs You, a concert of "voices in opposition to war", as the

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lyrics of "Nagasaki Nightmare" were reinforced by the fold-out sleeve artwork. It featured an article by Mike Holderness of

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were causing audiences to become polarised into left- and right-wing factions. Others (including the anarchist organisation

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The next Crass single, 1980's "Bloody Revolutions", was a benefit release with Poison Girls that raised £20,000 to fund the

3496: 1850:"You're Already Dead" / "Nagasaki is Yesterday's Dog-End" / "Don't Get Caught" (1984, 7" single. UK Singles Chart – No.166) 538:) to enhance their performances, and also distributed leaflets and handouts explaining anarchist ideas to their audiences. 440:

also joined around this time. Other early Crass performances included a four-date tour of New York City, a festival gig in

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into their expenses, causing them to lose money on every copy sold. A year later, Crass Records released new pressings of

3301: 4034: 3994: 3958: 3895: 3605: 1932: 1498:, who followed some of Crass' anti-consumerist and DIY principles in his own label and projects, particularly with the 1441:

Crass have said that their musical influences were seldom drawn from rock, but more from classical music (particularly

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began and ended). This caused Crass to question their approach to making records. As a group whose primary purpose was

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linked the tape with the band. Previously classified government documents made public in January 2014 under the UK's '

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The album was banned by the retailer HMV, and copies of the album were seized from the Eastern Bloc record shop by

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Rimbaud, P; "...In Which Crass Voluntarily Blow Their Own", sleeve note essay included with Best Before 1984 album

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released in 2011 and 2012. Critics praised the improved sound quality and new packaging of the remastered albums.

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A rerecorded, extended version of "Asylum", renamed "Reality Asylum", was shortly afterward on Crass Records as a

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label) in 1978. Workers at an Irish record-pressing plant refused to process it because of the offensive and

3654: 3098: 1838:"Merry Crassmas" (CT1, 7" single, 1981, Crass' stab at the Christmas novelty market) (UK Indie – No. 2) 4821: 4775: 679: 390: 1486:

Crass' philosophical and aesthetic influences on 1980s punk bands were far-reaching. A notable example is

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and Pete Wright's post-Crass project, Judas 2. In October 2003 the Crass Collective changed their name to

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in May 1984, with the slogan "there is no authority but yourself" in the background. From left to right:

2197: 593:'s vice squad and threatened with prosecution, but the case was dropped. "Reality Asylum" retailed at 45 3514: 2953:

Rimbaud, P; sleeve notes to 'The Crassical Collection; Ten Notes on a Summer's Day' Crass Records, 2012

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Copies were leaked to the press via a Dutch news agency during the 1983 general election campaign. The

866:. The judge ruled against Crass in the ensuing court case, although the decision was overturned by the 832: 813: 515: 3826: 3161: 2120: 4258: 2176: 1487: 1258: 1107: 852: 2415: 1921:(a series of short films by Mick Duffield that were shown at Crass performances, VHS, released 1990) 1400: 1225: 1114: 1004: 863: 575: 456: 4262: 4392:""They've Got a Bomb": Sounding Anti-nuclearism in the Anarcho-punk Movement in Britain, 1978–84" 4280:"'There Is No Authority But Yourself': The Individual and the Collective in British Anarcho-Punk" 2806: 2680:

Rimbaud, P; sleeve notes to 'The Crassical Collection; Stations of the Crass' Crass Records, 2010

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Mike Holderness, sleeve notes of "Nagasaki Nightmare/Big A Little A" single, Crass Records, 1980

4770: 4722: 4665: 3942: 3691: 3587: 1981: 1698: 1610: 449: 413: 194: 53: 4531: 2914: 2591: 870:(except the lyrics to "Bata Motel", which were upheld as "sexually provocative and obscene"). 374:(who was staying in the house at the time). Ignorant was inspired to form a band after seeing 4708: 4585: 4018: 3982: 2388: 2081: 1682: 1645:

Steve Herman (guitar; left shortly after their first performance and died on 4 February 1989)

1458: 1145:, a 90-minute cassette of Penny Rimbaud reading the essay that he had written in early 1977. 1069: 1054: 945: 639: 402: 355: 3415: 3277: 2374:

Rimbaud, P; "...In Which Crass Voluntarily Blow Their Own", sleeve note essay included with

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stating that the title of the flexi's originating album was "too obscene to print". Despite

738:, was also a commentary about the events at Conway Hall attacking the mindless violence and 4846: 1808:"Nagasaki Nightmare" / "Big A Little A" (421984/5, 7" single, 1981) (UK Indie – No. 1) 1669: 1421: 1161: 999: 567: 486:

Conceived and intended as cover artwork for a self-published pamphlet version of Rimbaud's

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for their single "How Does It Feel..." made the members of Crass question their purpose:

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had given the group. It featured more complex musical arrangements and female vocals by

658:. The words were a critique (from an anarchist-pacifist perspective) of the traditional 4715: 4548: 4411: 4230: 4222: 3128: 1782:"Bloody Revolutions" / "Persons Unknown" (421984/1, 7" single, joint released with the 1690: 1507: 989: 969: 892: 781: 675: 674:. The show was intended as a benefit for Persons Unknown, a group of anarchists facing 630: 476: 290: 3353: 1789:"Rival Tribal Rebel Revel" (421984/6F, one-sided 7" flexi disc single given away with 4785: 4502: 4483: 4464: 4441: 4415: 4376: 4353: 4330: 4294: 4234: 4214: 4170: 4030: 3990: 3954: 3891: 3799:

fearless threat who they hoped they could destroy without much risk of embarrassment.

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Steve Ignorant and N.A. Palmer pictured at the Wapping Autonomy Centre, December 1981

837: 802: 563: 359: 3844: 3736:"Penny Rimbaud, Eve Libertine and Louise Elliot : Leicester : live review" 4790: 4743: 4403: 4349: 4326: 4206: 3628:"CRASS: selections from The Mott Collection 18th February – 18th March 2011 |" 1973: 1729: 1639: 1491: 1442: 1387:

For Rimbaud the initial inspiration for founding Crass was the death of his friend

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reveal that Thatcher was aware of the tape and had discussed it with her cabinet.

4729: 3950: 3533:"Christ the Album [The Crassical Collection] - Crass | Release Info" 3500: 3183: 1986: 1898: 1706: 1568: 1344: 1217: 1191: 1043: 919: 867: 856: 671: 608: 598: 491: 386: 302: 251: 24: 2077: 4816: 4780: 4635: 4598: 3323: 3244: 1955:– Live DVD recorded at the Progress Bar, Tufnell Park, London, 18 November 2004 1635: 1580: 1549: 1544: 1470: 1431: 1405: 1157: 859: 626: 586: 527: 522: 371: 227: 171: 57: 3305: 1031:. On the "rather clumsily" forged tape, they appear to discuss the sinking of 605:(subtitled "The Second Sitting"), restoring the original version of "Asylum". 490:, the Crass logo was an amalgam of several "icons of authority" including the 4810: 4765: 4671: 4641: 4298: 4218: 4166: 3787: 3223: 2095:"Crass, the Anarcho-Punk Fountainhead, Is Coming to S.F. in March -- Sort Of" 2036: 1937: 1616: 1586: 1539: 1499: 1203: 1179: 1110: 1039: 1028: 981: 973: 897: 794: 683: 666:

and were partly a response to violence marring a September 1979 Crass gig at

590: 579: 551: 441: 437: 367: 363: 321: 279: 259: 255: 235: 199: 176: 145: 88: 4251:"The Hippies Now Wear Black: Crass and the anarcho-punk movement, 1977–1984" 1779:"Reality Asylum" / "Shaved Women" (CRASS1, 7", 1979) (UK Indie – No. 9) 1359:

as US President on 9 November 2016. From November 2016 to February 2017 the

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and British government believed the tape to be propaganda produced by the

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They introduced their stage backdrop, a logo designed by Rimbaud's friend

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Rimbaud, P; "...EXIT – 'The Mystic Trumpeter, Live at the Roundhouse 1972

2148:"Smoke Gets In Your Eyes: Anthony McCall's Enchanting Film Installations" 2011: 1622: 1523: 1495: 1396: 1207: 1183: 1170: 994: 667: 535: 420:

and Steve Herman), and Crass played their first live gig at a squatters'

409: 398: 383: 181: 61: 4226: 4194: 4087: 4572: 1426: 1417: 1388: 1364: 1165: 924: 820: 748: 721: 663: 541: 499: 326: 310: 113: 882: 20: 4653: 4026: 3674:"The story behind the Daily Mirror's historic US election front page" 2767:

The Assault on Culture – Utopian Currents From Lettrisme to Class War

1733:(1986 – CATNO5; compilation album of singles) (UK Indie – No. 7) 1718:(catalog No. 6, LP, 1986, Crass Records) (UK Indie – No. 6) 1604: 1535: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1360: 1351:

hiding her face with her hands, was used as the front page of the UK

1328: 1308: 1221: 1175: 1091: 816: 785:, in 1981. This marked a departure from the hardcore punk image that 739: 702: 698: 648: 571: 531: 503: 445: 429: 375: 314: 294: 275: 239: 231: 4391: 1889:(recorded live in Nottingham, 1984, released 1989 on Allied Records) 1151: 873: 4460: 4437: 3537: 2747: 1312: 1131: 965: 958: 954: 690: 507: 495: 346: 330: 306: 286: 263: 107: 19:

This article is about the band. For the definition of "crass", see

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Senseless Acts of Beauty: Cultures of Resistance since the Sixties

3416:"Why should we accept any less than a better way of doing things?" 1874:

The Mystic Trumpeter – Live at the Roundhouse 1972, The ICES Tapes

1642:, is sometimes considered the "ninth member" of Crass. (died 2005) 1559:

in 2016, the band was citied along with a number of other British

1445:, on whose work, Rimbaud states, some of Crass' riffs are based), 896:, took almost a year to record, produce and mix (during which the 4576: 4023:

Anyone Can Do It: Empowerment, Tradition and the Punk Underground

3394:"Crass frontman plans "The Feeding of the 5000" live performance" 1802: 1519: 1195: 735: 659: 467: 379: 49: 4323:

The Day the Country Died: A History of Anarcho Punk 1980 to 1984

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Combat Rock: A History of Punk (from Its Origins to the Present)

3075: 3073: 3071: 2932:"Flux of Pink Indians – F.C.T.U.L.P. – Alternative Mixes – 1984" 4367:

McKay, George (1996). "Chapter three: 'CRASS 621984 ANOK4U2'".

3943:"21: 'How does it feel to be the mother of one thousand dead?'" 2619:

Cinderella's Big Score: Women Of The Punk And Indie Underground

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and on billboards, Crass was involved in politically motivated

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presentation, using video technology (back-projected films and

3081:"Crass – Thatchergate Tape And News Broadcasts – January 1984" 1563:

bands of the early '80s as being an influence to the American

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Rimbaud, P; "Big A Little A", Crass Records 1980. Quoted in

1811:"Our Wedding" (321984/1F, one-sided 7" flexi-disc single by 1251:

On 24 and 25 November 2007, Steve Ignorant performed Crass'

939: 708: 3761: 3710:"The Art of Crass exhibition – curator Sean Clark reflects" 3278:"'This is the spiritual home of jazz and we ain't leaving'" 1333: 1231: 1199: 1016: 511: 298: 3434:"The Feeding of the Five Thousand on Crassical Collection" 3302:"Southern Studios website archive 'LAST AMENDMENT events'" 1672:– UK Indie – No. 1. Reissued in 1980 as LP 33 rpm as 1210:. In 2004 Crass Agenda spearheaded a campaign to save the 904:, they felt overtaken and made redundant by world events: 4540:

International Anthem: A Nihilist Newspaper for the Living

3245:"Freedom 6322 Nov 16th 2002 – Crass fail to show the way" 2298: 2296: 2010:) (2013) - Documentary featuring the art of Dan King and 1797: 1654:(All released on Crass Records unless otherwise stated.) 1409: 1379: 1058: 835:

controversy resulted when the hoax was exposed, with the

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to do / I am he and she is she but you're the only you."

730: 617: 483:" so that no member would be identified as the "leader". 4590: 3904: 3655:"Essex Has a Much More Radical History Than You'd Think" 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 2454: 2452: 2439: 2437: 1940:, 2006) documenting the history of Crass and Dial House. 1315:, when Ignorant was joined onstage by the Norfolk-based 1126:

The band had also incurred heavy legal expenses for the

701:) were critical of Crass's position, stating that "like 3809: 3807: 3099:"Penny Rimbaud On How Crass Nearly Started World War 3" 3040: 2121:"Reading And Rioting: A Louder Than Words Walk Through" 1722: 4050: 3855: 3368:"Steve Ignorant Official Website: Feeding Of The 5000" 2476: 2293: 1831:

ervices made available to readers of teenage magazine

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Ten Notes on a Summer's Day (The Crassical Collection)

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entitled "Our Wedding", was made available as a white

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Other friends and household members joined (including

4517:

A Series of Shock Slogans and Mindless Token Tantrums

3545: 3191: 3135: 3016: 3004: 2992: 2968: 2956: 2786: 2695: 2683: 2662: 2650: 2571: 2559: 2464: 2449: 2434: 2422: 2281: 1702:(BOLLOX 2U2, double LP, 1982) (UK Indie – No. 1) 1168:, Your Country Needs You included Benjamin Britten's 934: 3867: 3804: 2370: 2368: 2332: 2320: 2308: 1963: 3460:"Interviews: The Story of the Crassical Collection" 3320:"Last Amendment | Transmissions from Southern" 3028: 2980: 2547: 2535: 2523: 2253:" accompanying booklet, Exitstencil Recordings 2013 1927:(video collages by Gee Vaucher, 1978–84, VHS, 2001) 1367:, hosted a retrospective of Gee Vaucher's artwork. 1190:, with Rimbaud, Libertine and Vaucher working with 582:, to retain editorial control over their material. 2878: 2493: 2491: 1901:, Scotland, 1981, released 1993 on Pomona Records) 1861:Penny Rimbaud Reads From 'Christ's Reality Asylum' 1737:The Feeding of the 5000 (The Crassical Collection) 1438:was shown as part of an early Crass performance). 1270:In 2010 it was announced that Crass would release 293:system and on advertising billboards, coordinated 4343: 2365: 1686:(521984, double LP, 1979) (UK Indie – No. 1) 1152:Crass Collective, Crass Agenda and Last Amendment 320:The band was critical of the punk subculture and 4808: 4103:"Neurosis: 'Crass were the mother of all bands'" 3179:"Protest songs: Marching to the beat of dissent" 2781:like Kropotkin, their politics are up shit creek 1743:Stations of the Crass (The Crassical Collection) 1046:in a conflict between the United States and the 4184:Bounds, Philip (2014). "Anarchy, for a While". 3793:The Last of the Hippies – An Hysterical Romance 2641: 2488: 2349: 2347: 1548:, features acoustic covers of Crass material. 1073:). Although the tape was produced anonymously, 862:. The shop owners were charged with displaying 4525:, much of the text is now published online at 3585: 3558: 2405: 2030: 1393:The Last of the Hippies: An Hysterical Romance 637:In 1979 the band released their second album, 4606: 4521:(originally issued as a pamphlet with the LP 3888:England's Dreaming: Sex Pistols and Punk Rock 3409: 3407: 3127:. 30 January 1983. p. 10. Archived from 2589: 2226: 2224: 1755:Christ – The Album (The Crassical Collection) 953:From their early days of spraying stencilled 393:and Ceres Confusion, was working on his book 4887:Underground punk scene in the United Kingdom 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2344: 1710:(121984/2, LP, 1983) (UK Indie – No. 1) 1694:(321984/1, LP, 1981) (UK Indie – No. 1) 1526:) may have influenced later artists such as 1042:and agree that Europe would be a target for 3885: 2804: 2713: 1867:Acts of Love – Fifty Songs to my Other Self 1399:hospital after helping to set up the first 864:"obscene articles for publication for gain" 242:as a political ideology, a lifestyle and a 4613: 4599: 4344:Ignorant, Steve; Pottinger, Steve (2010). 3404: 2912: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2616: 2262: 2221: 2195: 2170: 2168: 1761:Yes Sir, I Will (The Crassical Collection) 1322: 1282:followed in October, with new editions of 3989:. BookCaps Study Guides. pp. 52–53. 2938: 2934:. Kill Your Pet Puppy. 21 September 2009. 2870:. 7 June 1981. p. 13. Archived from 1530:(with whom Vaucher collaborated) and the 980:In 1983 and 1984, Crass were part of the 366:, Essex, and formed when commune founder 4499:Crass Art and other Post Modern Monsters 4454: 4431: 4094: 3910: 3046: 2740:"Anarchy in UK: Crass interviewed: 1979" 2482: 2302: 2145: 1675:The Feeding of the 5000 – Second Sitting 1378: 1301: 1238: 1090: 949:, illustrating Crass' stenciled graffiti 938: 890:The band's fourth LP, 1982's double set 881: 767: 707: 616: 466: 345: 4496: 4477: 4320: 4137: 4056: 3940: 3786: 3275: 3212:"Could Crass exist today? | Music blog" 2998: 2890: 2470: 2443: 2287: 2174: 2165: 2049: 848:s annoyance, Crass had broken no laws. 354:The band was based around an anarchist 4809: 4183: 4160: 4100: 3980: 3861: 3813: 3588:"Blog post – The Absolute last Supper" 3476: 3197: 3141: 3022: 3010: 2974: 2962: 2884: 2792: 2701: 2689: 2668: 2656: 2577: 2565: 2458: 2428: 2338: 2326: 2314: 2092: 1863:(Cat No. 10C, C90 cassette, 1992) 4877:Musical groups disestablished in 1984 4594: 4389: 4366: 4277: 4248: 4192: 3873: 3671: 3652: 3413: 3034: 2986: 2553: 2541: 2529: 2175:Lynskey, Dorian (28 September 2007). 1749:Penis Envy (The Crassical Collection) 4422: 4016: 3924:"Hippies Now Wear Black/ Rich Cross" 3209: 2764: 1997: 1723:Compilations and remastered editions 1506:. However, few mimicked their later 1453:, and avant-garde composers such as 274:. The band employed and advocated a 4542:. Exitstencil Press. 1977–81. (see 4199:Journal for the Study of Radicalism 3632:Crassthesecondsitting.wordpress.com 3586:Steve Ignorant (25 November 2011). 3559:Steve Ignorant (25 November 2011). 2054:. Pomona Publishing. p. xxiv. 1745:(2010 – CC02CD remastered edition) 1522:black-and-white record sleeves (by 1266:2010: Crassical Collection reissues 760: 301:of perceived authority such as the 13: 4872:Musical groups established in 1977 4547:. Southern Records. Archived from 4390:McKay, George (2 September 2019). 3890:. Faber & Faber. p. 584. 3515:"Crass - The Crassical Collection" 2267:. Pomona Publishing. p. xxi. 1933:There Is No Authority But Yourself 1880: 1769:(2012 – CC06CD remastered edition) 1763:(2011 – CC05CD remastered edition) 1757:(2011 – CC04CD remastered edition) 1751:(2010 – CC03CD remastered edition) 1739:(2010 – CC01CD remastered edition) 1355:newspaper to mark the election of 935:Direct action and internal debates 779:Crass released their third album, 514:, performance-art backgrounds and 23:. For the people named Crass, see 14: 4903: 4566: 4138:Rimbaud, Penny (19 August 2005). 3672:Allen, Gavin (10 November 2016). 2590:George Berger (4 November 2009). 1992:Animal rights and punk subculture 678:charges. During the performance, 444:and regular appearances with the 350:Steve Ignorant onstage, June 1981 4131: 4101:Deller, Alex (3 November 2016). 4080: 4062: 4010: 3974: 3941:Lynskey, Dorian (3 March 2011). 3934: 3916: 3879: 3837: 3819: 2646:. Southern Records. p. 167. 2093:Graham, Josh (3 December 2010). 1966: 1475:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 1103:and an attempted prosecution by 1086: 405:" ("The kids were just crass"). 341: 42: 4857:British critics of Christianity 4153: 3845:"Steve Ignorant: Crass Warrior" 3780: 3754: 3728: 3702: 3684: 3665: 3646: 3620: 3594: 3579: 3525: 3507: 3497:"Crass To Reissue Back Catalog" 3489: 3470: 3452: 3426: 3414:Aitch, Iain (19 October 2007). 3386: 3360: 3338: 3312: 3294: 3269: 3251: 3237: 3203: 3171: 3147: 3117: 3091: 3052: 2924: 2906: 2860: 2842: 2822: 2813: 2807:"Crass – Toxic Grafity Fanzine" 2798: 2758: 2732: 2707: 2674: 2635: 2610: 2583: 2506: 2399: 2381: 2256: 2243: 2177:"Jeffrey Lewis, 12 Crass Songs" 2146:Gonsales, Erica (25 May 2011). 1786:, 1980) (UK Indie – No. 1) 1424:' literature and films such as 1395:. Russell had been placed in a 1010: 382:, whilst Rimbaud, a veteran of 285:Crass spray-painted stencilled 4892:1977 establishments in England 3604:. January 2011. Archived from 3479:"Anarchy And Peace, Litigated" 3477:Capper, Andy (1 August 2010). 3276:Mossman, David (31 May 2004). 3160:. January 2014. Archived from 2208: 2189: 2139: 2113: 2086: 2071: 2043: 2023: 2008:The Museum of Contemporary Art 1649: 1319:crew with whom he volunteers. 720:"Rival Tribal Rebel Revel", a 510:message, a reference to their 1: 4434:Shibboleth: my revolting life 4408:10.1080/19401159.2019.1673076 4186:Notes from the End of History 3981:Greene, Lora (26 July 2012). 3714:Thehippiesnowwearblack.org.uk 2718:. Phoenix Press. p. 89. 2395:. Small Wonder Records. 1978. 2389:""Banned from the Roxy" from 2196:Iain Aitch (5 January 2001). 2017: 1953:In the Beginning Was the WORD 1374: 455:Crass played two gigs at the 4862:British critics of religions 4837:British hardcore punk groups 4017:Dale, Pete (15 April 2016). 3692:"Gee Vaucher: Introspective" 3653:Sword, Harry (1 June 2016). 3561:"Blog post – Shepherds Bush" 2769:. Aporia Press. p. 96. 2355:"Steve Ignorant interviewed" 1099:Questions about the band in 724:single distributed with the 643:, financed with a loan from 521:The band eschewed elaborate 7: 4737:Ten Notes on a Summer's Day 4070:"Banksy Santas Ghetto 2004" 2621:. Basic Books. p. 96. 1959: 1894:You'll Ruin It For Everyone 1715:Ten Notes on a Summer's Day 1516:Ten Notes on a Summer's Day 1514:and their final recording, 1296:Ten Notes on a Summer's Day 1278:, released in August 2010. 943:Detail from front cover of 378:perform at Colston Hall in 358:in a 16th-century cottage, 10: 4908: 4519:. Exitstencil Press. 1982. 3953:. pp. 1773 and 1780. 3210:Robb, John (8 July 2009). 2850:"Southern Studios archive" 2408:""Crass at the Roxy" from 2233:"Steve Ignorant Interview" 2216:Bullshit Detector Volume 1 1773: 1574: 1391:, as detailed in his book 1247:performance, November 2007 549: 336: 18: 4753: 4693: 4628: 4620: 4259:Socialist History Society 3947:33 Revolutions Per Minute 3125:"San Francisco Chronicle" 1905: 1678:, UK Indie – No. 11) 1464: 1420:, British working class ' 1389:Phil 'Wally Hope' Russell 1327:In February 2011, artist 853:Greater Manchester Police 556:Crass' first release was 163: 159: 133: 123: 95: 84: 74: 69: 41: 34: 4867:English punk rock groups 4455:Rimbaud, Penny (1999b). 4432:Rimbaud, Penny (1999a). 2915:"Smashed Hits: Overview" 2832:p.57, Pomona Publishing 2642:Ignorant, Steve (2010). 1854: 1436:Four Projected Movements 1401:Stonehenge free festival 1272:The Crassical Collection 1115:Obscene Publications Act 931:distribution warehouse. 752:magazine connecting the 613:and "Bloody Revolutions" 576:independent record label 246:. Crass popularised the 4832:English art rock groups 4827:Anti-consumerist groups 4702:The Feeding of the 5000 4478:Rimbaud, Penny (2004). 4278:Cross, Richard (2010). 4249:Cross, Richard (2004). 4188:. London: Merlin Press. 4161:Berger, George (2006). 2406:Rimbaud, Penny (1977). 2198:"Country house anarchy" 2050:Rimbaud, Penny (2004). 2031:Berger, George (2006). 2004:The Art of Punk - Crass 1665:The Feeding of the 5000 1625:(artwork, piano, radio) 1323:Artwork and exhibitions 1276:The Feeding of the 5000 1254:The Feeding of the 5000 1234:The Feeding of the 5000 1143:Christ's Reality Asylum 1095:Eve Libertine, May 1984 1064:San Francisco Chronicle 984:actions coordinated by 876:Christ – The Album 855:under the direction of 787:The Feeding of the 5000 680:Socialist Workers Party 656:Wapping Autonomy Centre 603:The Feeding of the 5000 559:The Feeding of the 5000 544:The Feeding of the 5000 488:Christ's Reality Asylum 4842:Political music groups 4771:Corpus Christi Records 4346:The Rest is Propaganda 3928:Killyourpetpuppy.co.uk 3085:Killyourpetpuppy.co.uk 3065:, Crass Records, 1985. 2809:. Kill Your Pet Puppy. 2765:Home, Stewart (1988). 2644:The Rest is Propaganda 2410:International Anthem 1 1982:Anarchism and the arts 1657: 1484: 1384: 1259:Shepherd's Bush Empire 1248: 1124: 1096: 988:that foreshadowed the 950: 915: 887: 776: 717: 664:revolutionary struggle 634: 472: 450:The White Lion, Putney 351: 282:, leaflets and films. 70:Background information 16:English punk rock band 4852:English anti-fascists 4709:Stations of the Crass 4497:Vaucher, Gee (1999). 4457:The Diamond Signature 4321:Glasper, Ian (2007). 4211:10.1353/jsr.2008.0004 4193:Cogan, Brian (2007). 4140:"John Loder obituary" 4029:. p. 15 and 17. 1683:Stations of the Crass 1628:Mick Duffield (films) 1555:In an interview with 1518:). Their painted and 1479: 1459:Karlheinz Stockhausen 1382: 1338:Inter-National Anthem 1302:2011: The Last Supper 1280:Stations of the Crass 1242: 1119: 1094: 1055:U.S. State Department 977:corporate industry". 946:Stations of the Crass 942: 906: 885: 791:Stations of the Crass 771: 711: 682:supporters and other 640:Stations of the Crass 620: 611:Stations of the Crass 534:by Mick Duffield and 470: 349: 238:in 1977 who promoted 4882:Squatters' movements 3886:Savage, Jon (1991). 3326:on 22 September 2012 3155:"Thatchergate Tapes" 2805:Mike Diboll (1979). 2714:Lux, Martin (2006). 2078:Anarchist Punk genre 1670:Small Wonder Records 1174:and performances by 1162:Queen Elizabeth Hall 1061:(as reported by the 902:political commentary 775:ad for "Our Wedding" 462:International Anthem 4822:Anarcho-punk groups 4545:"Crass Discography" 4423:Mott, Toby (2011). 4119:on 29 November 2022 4113:Kings Place, London 4074:Artofthestate.co.uk 3930:. 10 February 2008. 3698:. 14 November 2016. 3608:on 17 February 2012 3374:on 13 December 2007 3131:on 6 December 2010. 2868:"News of the World" 2750:. 23 October 2007. 2617:Maria Raha (2004). 2513:"Crass interview". 2498:"Crass interview". 2418:on 1 December 2005. 2263:Rimbaud, P (2004). 2101:on 12 November 2017 1887:Christ: The Bootleg 1668:(LP, 1978, 45 rpm, 929:Rough Trade Records 878:and strategy change 695:Rock Against Racism 481:cult of personality 424:in Huntley Street, 370:began jamming with 244:resistance movement 80:Stormtrooper (1977) 4723:Christ – The Album 4528:"Southern Records" 4523:Christ – The Album 4396:Rock Music Studies 4287:Music and Politics 4163:The Story of Crass 3762:"The Art of Crass" 3567:on 22 January 2012 3521:. 21 January 2013. 3259:"babellabel.co.uk" 3167:on 4 January 2014. 3087:. 2 November 2007. 2593:The Story of Crass 2127:. 11 November 2014 2033:The Story of Crass 1897:(recorded live in 1699:Christ – The Album 1385: 1288:Christ – The Album 1257:album live at the 1249: 1202:musicians such as 1105:Conservative Party 1097: 1019:was known as the " 990:anti-globalisation 970:London Underground 951: 910:Christ – The Album 893:Christ - The Album 888: 808:The last track on 777: 718: 635: 631:Digbeth Civic Hall 562:(an 18-track, 12" 473: 352: 291:London Underground 48:Crass on stage in 4804: 4803: 4508:978-1-873176-10-8 4489:978-1-904590-03-3 4470:978-1-873176-55-9 4447:978-1-873176-40-5 4425:Crass 1977 – 1984 4359:978-0-9566746-0-9 4336:978-1-901447-70-5 4255:Socialist History 4176:978-0-85712-012-0 4090:. 23 August 2020. 4076:. 2 January 2019. 3740:Louderthanwar.com 3634:. 27 January 2011 3350:Peace-not-war.org 2874:on 20 March 2005. 2776:978-0-948518-88-1 2725:978-0-948984-35-8 2596:. Omnibus Press. 2519:(25). April 1979. 2502:(3). Winter 1980. 2152:Creators.vice.com 1998:Suggested viewing 1919:Christ: The Movie 1565:avant-garde metal 1430:and the films of 1349:Statue of Liberty 1232:2007: Ignorant's 1025:Margaret Thatcher 986:London Greenpeace 838:News of the World 812:, a parody of an 803:sexual repression 546:and Crass Records 502:and a two-headed 221: 220: 4899: 4791:Southern Studios 4744:Best Before 1984 4680:(artwork, films) 4615: 4608: 4601: 4592: 4591: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4551:on 15 April 2003 4535: 4534:on 4 April 2005. 4530:. Archived from 4520: 4512: 4493: 4482:. Pomona Books. 4474: 4451: 4428: 4419: 4386: 4363: 4350:Southern Records 4340: 4327:Cherry Red Books 4317: 4315: 4313: 4307: 4301:. Archived from 4284: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4261:. Archived from 4245: 4243: 4241: 4189: 4180: 4148: 4147: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4115:. Archived from 4098: 4092: 4091: 4088:"Brett Anderson" 4084: 4078: 4077: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3766:Theartofcrass.uk 3758: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3706: 3700: 3699: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3563:. Archived from 3556: 3543: 3542: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3436:. Archived from 3430: 3424: 3423: 3411: 3402: 3401: 3400:. 26 April 2007. 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3370:. Archived from 3364: 3358: 3357: 3356:on 10 June 2007. 3352:. Archived from 3342: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3322:. Archived from 3316: 3310: 3309: 3308:on 10 June 2005. 3304:. Archived from 3298: 3292: 3291: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3263:Babellabel.co.uk 3255: 3249: 3248: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3159: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3105:. 3 January 2014 3095: 3089: 3088: 3077: 3066: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2936: 2935: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2919: 2913:Petley, Julian. 2910: 2904: 2901: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2864: 2858: 2857: 2856:on 9 March 2005. 2852:. Archived from 2846: 2840: 2826: 2820: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2495: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2447: 2441: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2414:. Archived from 2403: 2397: 2396: 2391:Feeding the 5000 2385: 2379: 2376:Best Before 1984 2372: 2363: 2362: 2351: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2260: 2254: 2252: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2228: 2219: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2172: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2097:. Archived from 2090: 2084: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2027: 1976: 1974:Anarchism portal 1971: 1970: 1969: 1936:(documentary by 1730:Best Before 1984 1640:Southern Studios 1510:style (heard on 1492:Dischord Records 1488:Washington, D.C. 1443:Benjamin Britten 1416:, the poetry of 1158:Crass Collective 1081:thirty-year rule 1070:The Sunday Times 968:messages in the 963:anti-consumerist 847: 688:British Movement 289:messages in the 272:environmentalism 250:movement of the 226:were an English 166: 126: 116: 77: 46: 32: 31: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4896: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4749: 4730:Yes Sir, I Will 4689: 4624: 4619: 4575:discography at 4569: 4564: 4554: 4552: 4543: 4526: 4515: 4509: 4490: 4471: 4448: 4427:. PPP Editions. 4383: 4360: 4337: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4282: 4268: 4266: 4239: 4237: 4177: 4156: 4151: 4136: 4132: 4122: 4120: 4099: 4095: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4055: 4051: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3951:Faber and Faber 3939: 3935: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3898: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3805: 3785: 3781: 3771: 3769: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3745: 3743: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3670: 3666: 3651: 3647: 3637: 3635: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3611: 3609: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3584: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3557: 3546: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3501:Ultimate Guitar 3495: 3494: 3490: 3475: 3471: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3412: 3405: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3274: 3270: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3228: 3226: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3187:. 5 April 2012. 3184:The Independent 3177: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3157: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3108: 3106: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3079: 3078: 3069: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3033: 3029: 3021: 3017: 3009: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2985: 2981: 2973: 2969: 2961: 2957: 2952: 2939: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2917: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2891: 2883: 2879: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2787: 2777: 2763: 2759: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2712: 2708: 2700: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2640: 2636: 2629: 2615: 2611: 2604: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2552: 2548: 2540: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2497: 2496: 2489: 2481: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2457: 2450: 2442: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2404: 2400: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2373: 2366: 2353: 2352: 2345: 2337: 2333: 2325: 2321: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2294: 2286: 2282: 2275: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2231: 2229: 2222: 2214:Sleeve note on 2213: 2209: 2194: 2190: 2173: 2166: 2156: 2154: 2144: 2140: 2130: 2128: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2091: 2087: 2076: 2072: 2062: 2048: 2044: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2000: 1987:Punk ideologies 1972: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1908: 1883: 1881:Live recordings 1857: 1776: 1725: 1707:Yes Sir, I Will 1660: 1652: 1638:and founder of 1619:(drums, vocals) 1577: 1542:'s 2007 album, 1512:Yes Sir, I Will 1467: 1377: 1363:art gallery in 1345:Southend on Sea 1325: 1304: 1292:Yes Sir, I Will 1268: 1243:Poster for the 1237: 1218:Stoke Newington 1154: 1136:striking miners 1113:under the UK's 1089: 1044:nuclear weapons 1013: 1005:classical-music 937: 920:Yes Sir, I Will 880: 868:Court of Appeal 857:chief constable 845: 766: 672:Red Lion Square 615: 599:value-added tax 554: 548: 492:Christian cross 422:street festival 389:groups such as 387:performance art 344: 339: 303:Christian cross 278:in its albums, 252:punk subculture 234:band formed in 164: 155: 124: 119: 112: 75: 65: 37: 28: 25:Crass (surname) 17: 12: 11: 5: 4905: 4895: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 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March 2013. 3465: 3461: 3455: 3439: 3435: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3410: 3408: 3399: 3395: 3389: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3346:"Crass music" 3341: 3325: 3321: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3290: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3246: 3240: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3206: 3199: 3194: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3174: 3163: 3156: 3150: 3143: 3138: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3048: 3047:Rimbaud 1999a 3043: 3037:, p. 99. 3036: 3031: 3024: 3019: 3012: 3007: 3001:, p. 25. 3000: 2995: 2989:, p. 87. 2988: 2983: 2976: 2971: 2964: 2959: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2933: 2927: 2916: 2909: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2886: 2881: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2838:1-904590-03-9 2835: 2831: 2825: 2816: 2808: 2801: 2794: 2789: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2768: 2761: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2744:greengalloway 2741: 2735: 2727: 2721: 2717: 2710: 2703: 2698: 2691: 2686: 2677: 2670: 2665: 2658: 2653: 2645: 2638: 2630: 2628:9781580051163 2624: 2620: 2613: 2605: 2603:9780857120120 2599: 2595: 2594: 2586: 2579: 2574: 2567: 2562: 2556:, p. 88. 2555: 2550: 2544:, p. 89. 2543: 2538: 2532:, p. 90. 2531: 2526: 2518: 2517: 2509: 2501: 2494: 2492: 2485:, p. 90. 2484: 2483:Rimbaud 1999a 2479: 2473:, p. 13. 2472: 2467: 2460: 2455: 2453: 2446:, p. 23. 2445: 2440: 2438: 2430: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2411: 2402: 2394: 2392: 2384: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2348: 2341:, p. 93. 2340: 2335: 2329:, p. 86. 2328: 2323: 2317:, p. 83. 2316: 2311: 2305:, p. 99. 2304: 2303:Rimbaud 1999a 2299: 2297: 2290:, p. 14. 2289: 2284: 2276: 2274:1-904590-03-9 2270: 2266: 2259: 2246: 2238: 2234: 2227: 2225: 2217: 2211: 2203: 2199: 2192: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2171: 2169: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2126: 2122: 2116: 2100: 2096: 2089: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2067: 2063: 2061:1-904590-03-9 2057: 2053: 2046: 2039:. p. 76. 2038: 2037:Omnibus Press 2034: 2026: 2022: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1964: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1938:Alexander Oey 1935: 1934: 1929: 1926: 1925:Semi-Detached 1923: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1793: 1792:Toxic Grafity 1788: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1662: 1661: 1655: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1617:Penny Rimbaud 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1587:Eve Libertine 1585: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1541: 1540:Jeffrey Lewis 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1500:post-hardcore 1497: 1493: 1489: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1383:Crass onstage 1381: 1372: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1263: 1260: 1256: 1255: 1246: 1241: 1235: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1216:Jazz Club in 1215: 1214: 1209: 1205: 1204:Julian Siegel 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1180:Fun-Da-Mental 1177: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1111:Timothy Eggar 1109: 1106: 1102: 1093: 1087:1984: Breakup 1084: 1082: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1040:Falklands War 1037: 1036: 1030: 1029:Ronald Reagan 1026: 1022: 1018: 1008: 1006: 1002: 1001: 996: 991: 987: 983: 982:Stop the City 978: 975: 974:direct action 971: 967: 964: 960: 957:, anarchist, 956: 948: 947: 941: 932: 930: 926: 922: 921: 914: 911: 905: 903: 899: 898:Falklands War 895: 894: 884: 877: 871: 869: 865: 861: 858: 854: 849: 844: 840: 839: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 815: 811: 806: 804: 800: 796: 795:Eve Libertine 792: 788: 784: 783: 774: 770: 764: 758: 755: 751: 750: 745: 741: 737: 733: 732: 727: 726:Toxic Grafity 723: 715: 712:Crass singer 710: 706: 704: 700: 696: 692: 689: 685: 684:anti-fascists 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 652: 650: 646: 642: 641: 632: 628: 624: 621:Crass, 1981; 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A. Palmer 4648:Joy De Vivre 4629:Band members 4621: 4553:. Retrieved 4549:the original 4539: 4532:the original 4522: 4516: 4501:. AK Press. 4498: 4479: 4456: 4433: 4424: 4399: 4395: 4368: 4345: 4322: 4310:. Retrieved 4303:the original 4290: 4286: 4267:. Retrieved 4263:the original 4254: 4238:. Retrieved 4205:(2): 77–90. 4202: 4198: 4185: 4162: 4154:Bibliography 4144:The Guardian 4143: 4133: 4121:. Retrieved 4117:the original 4108:The Guardian 4106: 4096: 4082: 4073: 4064: 4057:Glasper 2007 4052: 4040:. Retrieved 4022: 4012: 4000:. Retrieved 3986: 3976: 3964:. Retrieved 3946: 3936: 3927: 3918: 3906: 3887: 3881: 3869: 3857: 3848: 3839: 3830: 3821: 3797: 3792: 3782: 3770:. Retrieved 3765: 3756: 3744:. Retrieved 3739: 3730: 3718:. Retrieved 3713: 3704: 3696:Firstsite.uk 3695: 3686: 3678:Mirror.co.uk 3677: 3667: 3658: 3648: 3636:. Retrieved 3631: 3622: 3610:. Retrieved 3606:the original 3596: 3581: 3569:. 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