1236:
153:
1655:
36:
583:
Although there were
Crimean Tatars who emigrated from the mountainous, coastal, and urban parts of the Crimea among them, the majority of the emigrants were from the steppes of Crimea and its surroundings, who lived largely in closed peasant communities. According to ancient Crimean Tatar traditions,
631:
With the shrinking of the
Ottoman Empire in the last quarter of the 19th century, once again the majority of the Crimean Tatars in Dobrudja migrated to Anatolia, and sometimes re-migrated several times more within Anatolia. This pattern of immigration contributed to the severing of kinship ties, and
584:
marriage between relatives (e.g. cousins), even very distant ones, has always been strictly prohibited, unlike the local population of
Anatolia. The ones who lived in a concentrated manner in adjacent villages, such as the ones around EskiĹźehir region, were able to maintain their ethnic identity and
749:
As in other diasporas, Crimean Tatars also suffered from problems stemming from the differentiation of their identities over time due to their acculturation into various host-societies. In the last decade, the various diaspora communities, as well as the homeland community, have been ardently
670:
who were left in Crimea to
Central Asia and Urals. After 1989, nearly 300,000 Tatars were able to return to Crimea from their places of deportation. Their return was met with the strong opposition of the rest of the population of Crimea. Another roughly 270,000 Crimean Tatars remain in
526:
continued from their
Caucasian safe havens. Hopes that a Giray from the Caucasus would return to liberate Crimea continued until the very conquest of North Caucasus by the Russians in 1859. The Crimean Tatars in the North Caucasus were exiled to Anatolia in 1877-1878 together with
588:
intact almost up until the 1970s. The
Crimean Tatar diaspora identity emerged over this period in the form of predominantly oral cultural traditions in stories, songs, poems, myths, and legends about the loss of the "homeland" and the miseries of immigration.
474:
brought about the final dispersal of
Crimean Tatars in 1944, in the midst of World War II, when it deported all Crimean Tatars remaining in the Crimea to the Central Asia and Urals. This population is considered an exiled community rather than a diaspora.
691:) had been a very vibrant one until the beginning of the communist era in Romania. It has also recently experienced an ethnic revival and renewal of links with the homeland, as well as with other diaspora communities, particularly the one in Turkey.
737:
The main challenges to the
Crimean Tatar diaspora in the 1990s were the erosion of ethnic identity as a result of swift modernization of communities and the consequent difficulties in mobilization of resources among the
675:
and other parts of the former Soviet Union. This population is best considered as an exiled community rather than a diaspora, although they might develop into a diaspora if their exile is prolonged.
1346:
753:
There are also differences among
Crimean Tatars as to what the goals of the diaspora and the national movement should be and how to reach those goals, leading to a lively internal politics.
557:. The Ottoman territory was called "aq topraq" ("bright land" or more probably "land of justice") by the Crimean Tatar immigrants, as they conceived of their migration as a "
569:(1854–1856), as the Russian government began to treat the Crimean Tatars as internal threats to its security because of their historical relations with the Ottoman Empire.
522:. Crimean Tatar ruling class (mirzas) and mullahs sought asylum within the North Caucasian people, fearing persecution. Their number were around 8,000. Their relations to
742:
diaspora members (especially in Turkey) in order to support the repatriation of co-ethnics. As in other diasporas, diaspora political activity is mostly conducted by
1138:
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number only in the thousands, but they also recently began to link themselves with their co-ethnics abroad, and especially with the repatriated
Crimean Tatars.
152:
1626:
405:
17:
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The Crimean Tatars in the United States are the highest number of the diaspora in the Western hemisphere; they are composed of refugees from Crimea,
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with Crimean Tatars from Bucak. Between 1593 and 1595, Crimean Tatars were also settled to Dobruja. (Frederick de Jong) Some Crimean Tatars went to
1153:
1200:
764:. Earlier, Crimean presidential representative Tasheva said indigenous Crimean Tatars were being disproportionately recruited for the war in
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Crimean Tatars immigrated to the Ottoman Empire, where they were welcomed as fellow Muslims and as the populace of the formerly protected
1235:
542:), and from there to the Ottoman province of Bucak (Bessarabia) where the Giray dynasty existed. With the conquest of Bessarabia by the
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to Turkey after the decline of communism. The Crimean Tatar diaspora in Turkey established several ethnic associations.
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was largely the result of the destruction of their social and economic life as a consequence of integration into the
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901:Émigré, Exile, Diaspora, and Transnational Movements of the Crimean Tatars: Preserving the Eternal Flame of Crimea
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The Crimean Tatars participated in the building of the new Turkish Republic, as well as the formation of the core
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under the pressure from enemies of Islam. The outflow of the Crimean Tatars turned into an exodus after the
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negotiating what it means to be a "Crimean Tatar", seeking an agreement on a common sense of identity.
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hence ties to the homeland, amalgamating the previously more segregated sub-groups of Crimean Tatars.
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After the annexation, 4,000 Tatars also escaped to westward direction to the Ottoman fortress of Ozu (
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by the Russian Empire. The exiled Muslims from the North Caucasus were around one million.
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The majority of the Crimean Tatar immigrants were settled in the Dobruja region of the
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and Çatal Osman, and considered semi-independent (only controlled by Ottoman Pasha in
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joined the diaspora in Turkey after World War II, and a small number migrated from
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897:"Crimean Tatar Community in Turkey (1908–): From Émigré to Diaspora Nationalism"
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884:. Toronto ; Buffalo : University of Toronto Press. pp. 105–106.
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834:"The Great Retreat. The Formation of the Crimean Tatar Diaspora in Turkey"
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by the Ottoman authorities, but some were directed to various parts of
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946:"Nearly 1,000 Crimean Tatars flee to Turkey from Russian mobilisation"
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However, the first Crimean Tatar emigration took place after the
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There have been continuously members of Crimean nobility in the
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in a series of waves spanning the period from 1783 to 1917. The
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The end of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of modern Turkey
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An excerpt from Crimean Tatar exile literature is as follows:
989:
903:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 193–263,
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in 1812, all Crimean Tatars here migrated southwards, to the
487:, due to close relations between the two states. There was a
647:
974:
27:
People of Crimean Tatar heritage who live outside Crimea
503:). In the 14th and 15th centuries, Ottomans colonized
895:
Aydın, Filiz Tutku (2021), Aydın, Filiz Tutku (ed.),
756:In 2022, an estimated 1,000 Crimean Tatars fled to
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
725:, wherein some conflict exists with extant ethnic
646:A small number of Crimean Tatar refugees from the
2237:
661:
561:" similar to the prophet's temporary retreat to
679:Diaspora within the Eastern Bloc and elsewhere
639:identity. People of Crimean Tatar descent in
495:(Bessarabia). It was centered on the towns of
479:Experiences in exile within the Ottoman Empire
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696:Crimean Tatar diaspora community in Bulgaria
603:Rushed to extinguish my burning motherland.
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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613:"Where are the Tatars going?" she cried.
491:vassal state in the Ottoman province of
666:On May 18, 1944, the Soviet government
14:
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1206:Supreme Council of Crimea (until 2014)
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1216:Prime Minister of Crimea (until 2014)
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1024:
832:Williams, Brian Glyn (2001-01-01).
721:, particularly the neighborhood of
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18:Crimean Tatars in the United States
1226:Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People
1129:Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689
975:International Committee for Crimea
685:Crimean Tatar community in Romania
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1221:Council of Ministers (until 2014)
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1186:President of Crimea (historical)
448:dates back to the annexation of
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452:by Russia in 1783, after which
45:needs additional citations for
1159:1944 Crimean Tatar deportation
980:Crimean Tatars by H. B. Paksoy
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1377:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
1181:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
1053:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
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662:Exile within the Soviet Union
1164:Renaming of Crimean toponyms
520:Russian annexation of Crimea
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1397:2014 parliamentary election
1048:Republic of Crimea (Russia)
909:10.1007/978-3-030-74124-2_5
840:. Brill. pp. 227–278.
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668:deported the Crimean Tatars
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1191:2003 Tuzla Island conflict
1174:Crimean Tatar repatriation
882:"Ukraine : a history"
788:Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria
746:and ethnic organizations.
687:, today numbering 24,000 (
446:The Crimean Tatar diaspora
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783:Crimean Tatars in Romania
643:number around 1 million.
610:, distressed and worried,
1433:Crimean Federal District
1169:1954 transfer to Ukraine
69:"Crimean Tatar diaspora"
1076:Crimea in the Roman era
2246:Crimean Tatar diaspora
1500:Crimean Premier League
1347:Urban-type settlements
1196:2014 status referendum
1154:Crimea in World War II
803:List of Crimean Tatars
1627:Ukrainian Catholicism
1307:Pontic–Caspian steppe
808:List of Crimean khans
1409:Legislative Assembly
762:Russian mobilization
689:2002 Romanian Census
353:Autonomous Republic
313:Taurida Governorate
161:By region or country
54:improve this article
2168:Comprehensive group
2044:Southwestern Europe
1940:Southeastern Europe
1124:Genoese–Mongol Wars
1114:Empire of Trebizond
596:The angry and wild
361:Republic of Crimea
2251:European diasporas
1701:European diasporas
1469:Crimean Trolleybus
1373:Republic of Crimea
952:. 27 December 2022
838:The Crimean Tatars
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1292:Crimean Mountains
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733:Recent challenges
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1869:
1764:Azerbaijanis
1658:
1617:Christianity
1514:Demographics
1382:Constitution
1339:
1327:Subdivisions
1297:Kerch Strait
1071:Greek Crimea
954:. Retrieved
949:
940:
930:, retrieved
900:
890:
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837:
827:
778:Lipka Tatars
755:
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472:Soviet Union
469:
445:
444:
401:Milliy Firqa
160:
116:
110:October 2022
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2205:New Zealand
2002:Macedonians
1921:Lithuanians
1865:Belarusians
1769:Circassians
1711:and Ireland
1257:Arabat Spit
1144:Crimean War
990:Vatan KIRIM
567:Crimean War
529:Circassians
386:Biographies
215:Sunni Islam
2240:Categories
2061:Portuguese
1971:Bulgarians
1961:Aromanians
1926:Norwegians
1911:Icelanders
1880:Ukrainians
1829:Kashubians
1824:Hungarians
1534:Ukrainians
1404:Sevastopol
1262:Arabat Bay
1043:Sevastopol
932:2022-10-05
819:References
760:to escape
673:Uzbekistan
550:province.
279:Literature
191:Uzbekistan
80:newspapers
2225:Venezuela
2185:Australia
2180:Argentina
2154:Corsicans
2141:Quebecois
2091:Galicians
2081:Canarians
2071:Asturians
2066:Spaniards
2013:Moldovans
2007:Romanians
1947:Albanians
1901:Estonians
1795:Austrians
1779:Georgians
1759:Armenians
1595:Ukrainian
1573:Languages
1559:Krymchaks
1544:Armenians
1272:Black Sea
1245:Geography
985:Tatar.Net
927:237991269
864:244512198
740:apathetic
598:Black Sea
457:emigrated
2210:Pakistan
2122:Walloons
2115:Flanders
2109:Belgians
2086:Catalans
2051:Italians
1976:Cypriots
1966:Bosnians
1953:Kosovars
1916:Latvians
1875:Russians
1844:Slovenes
1774:Chechens
1752:Caucasus
1738:Scottish
1660:Category
1609:Religion
1585:Krymchak
1549:Karaites
1529:Russians
1414:Governor
1361:Politics
1267:Azov Sea
1210:Chairman
1109:Kipchaks
1094:Akatziri
956:30 April
880:(2000).
772:See also
707:Bulgaria
656:Bulgaria
622:Stand Up
608:Çatırdağ
606:The old
586:language
578:Anatolia
544:Russians
533:Chechens
461:diaspora
297:Khanate
258:Dialects
252:alphabet
242:alphabet
230:Language
201:Religion
171:Bulgaria
137:a series
135:Part of
2220:Tunisia
2200:Morocco
2175:America
2149:Bretons
2076:Basques
2056:Maltese
1839:Slovaks
1810:Germans
1723:English
1718:Cornish
1709:Britain
1634:Judaism
1590:Russian
1522:Peoples
1482:Society
1459:Tourism
1447:Economy
1285:Vyalova
1099:Khazars
1063:History
715:refugee
703:Romania
652:Romania
637:Turkish
600:roared,
574:Balkans
548:Dobruja
540:Ochakov
505:Dobruja
337:SĂĽrgĂĽn
288:History
274:Cuisine
266:Culture
176:Romania
94:scholar
2195:Canada
2190:Brazil
2135:French
1997:Greeks
1931:Swedes
1805:Croats
1800:Czechs
1493:Sports
1341:Raions
1335:Cities
1317:Syvash
1280:Marble
1276:Caves
1026:Crimea
925:
915:
862:
852:
758:Turkey
744:elites
711:Greece
641:Turkey
563:Medina
524:Crimea
513:Turkey
509:Greece
501:Rusçuk
497:Bender
450:Crimea
406:UDTTMR
396:Mejlis
339:(1944)
220:Hanafi
181:Turkey
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2130:Dutch
2026:Turks
2021:Serbs
1906:Finns
1896:Danes
1849:Swiss
1834:Poles
1743:Welsh
1728:Irish
1639:Islam
923:S2CID
860:S2CID
559:hijra
493:Bucak
489:Giray
391:Khans
101:JSTOR
87:books
2215:Peru
1733:Manx
1387:Head
958:2023
913:ISBN
850:ISBN
723:Soho
709:and
694:The
683:The
654:and
648:USSR
531:and
511:and
470:The
381:List
210:None
73:news
905:doi
842:doi
56:by
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108:(
98:·
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