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Critical Mass (cycling)

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largely escape clampdown by authorities who may view the rides as forms of parades or organized protest. Additionally, the movement is free from the structural costs associated with a centralized, hierarchical organization. In order for the event to function, the only requirement is a sufficient turn-out to create a "critical mass" of riders dense enough to occupy a piece of road to the exclusion of drivers of motorized vehicles. Authorities in New York, California and Oregon have expressed concern with the difficulty of coordinating with the riders, due to the lack of leadership.
315: 70: 118: 257: 2299: 173: 61:. It has been described as a "monthly protest by cyclists reclaiming the streets." Participants have insisted that these events should be viewed as "celebrations" and spontaneous gatherings, and not as protests or organized demonstrations. This stance allows Critical Mass to argue a legal position that its events can occur without advance notification of local police. Though they are sometimes described as political, they are not necessarily. 311:. The ride consisted of between 70 and 100 cyclists riding through the downtown core, making all attempts to follow the rules of the road (stopping at red lights / stop signs, using hand signals to turn, using the right-most lane or bike lane when applicable). The event generated some coverage in the local media and was generally deemed a success by the participants, although there were some criticisms. The ride only survived one outing. 229:. Bike Party rides on the third Friday of the month with a different starting point and route each time. Rides are typically 15–25 miles in length and usually 1000-2000 riders in Summer. The ride aims to build a community of cyclists and prove that bicycles can co-exist with cars. It is different than Critical Mass in that it rides after rush hour and obeys all traffic laws and has a pre-determined route. 123: 121: 120: 175: 179: 178: 174: 180: 267:
In San Francisco, an event known as "Critical Manners" was created as a response to Critical Mass. Critical Manners rides through the city on the second Friday of the month, with riders encouraged to obey all traffic laws such as stopping at red lights and signaling. Tucson, Arizona holds the Tuesday
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San Luis Obispo, California, is the home of the "Bikes are happening..." meetup. Bikes are happening... starts at Mission Plaza at 9:30 pm on the first Thursday of the month. The ride consists of a continuous half mile loop through downtown San Luis Obispo. Since there is no permit for the ride,
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originated in Oregon, and encourages bicycle riding for children and families. The movement gained momentum in North America and Europe and set a record in September 2019, when 1100 riders took part in Dortmund, Germany. "Critical Sass" was an all-female version of the ride in Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
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Critical Mass has a decentralized (rather than hierarchical) structure. Critical Mass is sometimes called an "organized coincidence", with no leadership or membership. The routes of some rides are decided spontaneously by whoever is currently at the front of the ride, while others are decided prior
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and ride round the city before grouping together again. Sometimes there are people organizing awareness programmes in this gathering. People who really love cycling and feel awareness about own health, environment they doing Critical Mass Gathering even after the heavy Nepal Earthquake 2015 with
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noted that, in China, both motorists and bicyclists had an "understood" method of negotiating intersections without signals. Traffic would queue up at these intersections until the backlog reached a "critical mass", at which point that mass would move through the intersection. This term from the
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was coined to describe a process by which the route for a Critical Mass can be decided: anyone who has an opinion makes their own map and distributes it to the cyclists participating in the Mass. Still other rides decide the route by consensus. The disorganized nature of the event allows it to
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In the Critical Mass practice of "corking", a rider breaks away from the group to block the side streets of an intersection as the mass crosses. This prevents traffic travelling through the intersection on a green signal and allows the riders to ride through red lights. This both contains
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Critical Mass-like bicycle tours with hundreds of participants took place in Stockholm, Sweden in the early 1970s. But the first ride within the present wave took place on Friday, September 25, 1992, at 6 pm in San Francisco. At that time, the event was known as
215:(along with various other vintage bike rides) is a well dressed mass which takes place annually in a number of cities across the world. Examples of Critical Mass rides for political movements includes the Free Tibet Rides (May 2008): Free Tibet Critical Mass in 51:. They are a call to action to councils, governments and road planners to properly and thoughtfully design in the safety of all road users, including those who would prefer to walk and cycle, instead of prioritising motor traffic above all else. 247:
A huge bicycle demonstration is the "Fahrrad-Sternfahrt" in Berlin, Germany, since 1976. Each year in June and usually have 150.000–250.000 riders. Together the 19 rides are more than 600 miles long including two sections of motorway.
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Some bicycling advocacy groups have expressed concern that the nature of Critical Mass and altercations with motorists could weaken public support for cyclists. Though it does not condone incidents of violence and rudeness, the
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Critical Mass rides vary greatly in many respects, including frequency and number of participants. For example, many small cities have monthly Critical Mass rides with fewer than twenty riders which offer
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The event originated in 1992 in San Francisco (typically held on the last Friday of every month); by the end of 2003, the event was being held in over 300 cities around the world.
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Night Community Bike Ride as their alternative to Critical Mass. The weekly ride encourages bicycle commuting and motor vehicle awareness in a peaceful and friendly way.
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Critical Mass rides have generated controversy and public opposition. The group has often protested in high-profile events, ranging from major political events to the
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at a set location and time. The idea is for people to group together to make it safe for each other to ride bicycles through their streets, based on the old adage:
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via the Bikewinter campaign. The extensive news coverage of San Francisco's July 1997 ride spawned an international celebration of bicycling, called Bike Summer.
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The Critical Mass rides have inspired a number of other bicycle movements, that range from political movements to the "Critical Tits" ride during the yearly
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Critical Mass events highlight the numbers of people who want to use their bicycle on the streets, but are usually unable to do so without risking their
2348: 2259: 1532: 2137: 1688: 1589: 755: 161:). The "Budapest style" attracts tens of thousands of riders. The April 20, 2008, Budapest ride participation was estimated at 80,000 riders. In 774: 603: 663: 2323: 1665: 1615: 1376: 109:
footage of the movie, was applied to the name of the ride, and the name caught on, replacing "Commute Clot" by the time of the second event.
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in late 2007. Rides are on the second Friday of every month, and focus on encouraging civility between motorists, pedestrians and cyclists.
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to cyclists in those locales, while on the opposite extreme, in what have been the largest events using the name Critical Mass, cyclists in
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cross-traffic while the mass passes and protects the mass from splitting or from drivers who might attempt to pass through the mass.
541: 275:. According to the Critical Mass book, a similar project known as Courteous Mass is described as "an alternative to Critical Mass." 2279: 1639:"Clash reignites road wars:Skirmish between driver, Critical Mass participants triggers another round of debate about monthly ride" 86: 1451: 801: 719: 1065: 991: 1191: 1109: 1209: 92:
Shortly after this, some participants in that ride went to a local bicycle shop for a screening of Ted White's documentary
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in downtown Atlanta and a focus on promoting local small business and cycling for commuting, social and civic engagement.
96:, about bicycle culture in the Netherlands and China in comparison with that of the United States. In that film, American 641: 1563: 165:, close to Budapest, a Critical Mass Ride has been held every month since 2006 and attracts up to 1,000 or more riders. 2358: 2264: 1861: 1775: 702: 563: 340: 1227: 879: 827: 1346: 943: 2284: 2269: 1841: 1836: 1719: 1164: 358: 105: 73: 219:, "Tibetan Freedom Bike Rally" in San Francisco (Aug 2008), and in "Bike Ride for Tibet" in London (Aug 2008). 1289: 1258: 905: 577: 361:
credits Critical Mass with spotlighting bicycle issues and aiding their efforts in advocating for cyclists.
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Critical Mass has been described as "monthly political-protest rides", and characterized as being part of a
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riders are asked to follow three rules: have fun, respect the community, and obey all traffic laws.
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to the ride by a popular vote of suggested routes often drawn up on photocopied fliers. The term
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Critical Manners ride called "Courteous Mass" was launched but is no longer active as of 2016.
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festival. In Chicago, a movement has grown out of the Critical Mass community to promote
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slogan "Quake or Shake, Sunny or Rainy, we have to flow with time for next smile..."
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In Kathmandu, Nepal, it has been organised since April 2013. Cyclists gather at
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Cabanatuan, Michael; Van Derbeken, Jaxon; Vega, Cecilia M. (April 5, 2007).
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Rethinking Policing and Justice: Exploring Alternatives to Law Enforcement
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and was composed of a couple of dozen cyclists who had received flyers on
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page on a documentary about a 2004 police crackdown on Critical Mass
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In 2007 there were conversations about starting Critical Manners in
1881: 1876: 850:"Minden eddiginél többen vettek részt a Critical Mass felvonuláson" 385: 371: 346: 150: 1452:"Atlanta Bicycle Coalition Planning Major Midtown Event on Friday" 901: 2022: 1826: 1784: 1259:"Critical Manners takes a stand for sharing, harmony, red lights" 559: 286: 279: 261: 101: 37: 604:"Critical Mass: Over 260 Arrested in First Major Protest of RNC" 1402: 1036:"Kidical Mass Dortmund: 1100 Teilnehmer wollen bessere Radwege" 128: 1013: 798:"A virtuous cycle: safety in numbers for riders says research" 581: 1503:"Indianapolis Courteous Mass, Critical Manners Facebook page" 1210:"Riot police use pepper spray to try to control Occupy crowd" 849: 969: 1747: 1753: 1636: 1992: 307:
On August 14, 2009, there was a Critical Manners ride in
293:. Rides start on 2nd Thursday of every month, meeting at 902:"Kommentare zu: Frühlingszeit – CM-Zeit – Graz 25.03.11" 244:
protesters to separate marching protesters from police.
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that took place the second Friday of every month. The
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San Francisco Critical Mass, April 29, 2005.
1192:"The 'bike swarm' evolves into a movement of its own" 1129: 184:
Timelapse video of a Critical Mass in Chicago in 2009
153:, Hungary hold only two rides each year on April 22 ( 1110:"Roadshow: San Jose Bike Party hits the road Friday" 334: 2260:List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies 690: 606:. Democracy Now!. August 30, 2004. Archived from 2315: 1287: 1062:"Free Tibet protesters hit the streets on bikes" 240:a tactic called a "bike swarm" has been used by 16:Group cycling advocating cycling friendly policy 2138:Bicycle transportation planning and engineering 1717: 1347:"Would Critical Manners Catch On In Portland?" 1318: 693:Critical Mass: Bicycling's Defiant Celebration 642:"[*BCM*] Hong Kong Critical Mass News" 278:An alternative ride named RideCivil formed in 1769: 1659: 1344: 1553: 285:The Mobile Social is an alternative ride in 1290:"Critical Manners ride starts at 6 pm" 771:"Bicyclists see transportation as critical" 741: 739: 639: 112: 1776: 1762: 1028: 2349:International environmental organizations 1212:. KATU. November 17, 2011. Archived from 684: 477: 475: 473: 471: 353:taking part refuse to obey traffic laws. 188: 2280:List of films about bicycles and cycling 1730:from the original on September 29, 2007. 1686: 1135: 1107: 768: 736: 506: 481: 313: 255: 171: 116: 68: 20: 1720:"Critical Mass protesters too critical" 1592:from the original on September 22, 2009 1479:. INDYCOG. June 3, 2009. Archived from 1449: 1353:from the original on September 28, 2007 1198:from the original on November 28, 2011. 878:. Budapest Sun Online. April 23, 2008. 826:. Budapest Sun Online. April 20, 2008. 795: 566:from the original on December 31, 2006. 535: 2316: 1699:from the original on February 19, 2014 746:Moore, Martha T. (November 15, 2004). 717: 711: 648:from the original on December 8, 2006. 620: 544:from the original on December 6, 2006. 512: 468: 1757: 1662:"264 arrested in NYC bicycle protest" 1379:from the original on October 18, 2007 1256: 1136:Gonzales, Sandra (October 20, 2010). 946:from the original on January 19, 2008 745: 640:Rosi-Kessel, Adam (August 24, 2004). 513:Madden, Richard (December 15, 2003). 494:from the original on January 20, 2008 36:in which people travel as a group on 2324:Recurring events established in 1992 1649:from the original on April 26, 2008. 1618:from the original on August 14, 2011 1257:Steve, Rubenstein (April 14, 2007). 1190:Maus, Jonathan (November 23, 2011). 1189: 1088:"San Jose Bike Party – How We Ride!" 789: 482:Garofoli, Joe (September 28, 2002). 1319:Herreras, Mari (November 8, 2007). 1288:Steve Rubenstein (April 13, 2007). 882:from the original on March 14, 2011 687:"A Critical Mass Cultural Glossary" 251: 194:Similar organizations and movements 13: 1718:Gord MacFarlane (August 7, 2006). 1535:from the original on July 18, 2011 1477:"Courteous Mass, Critical Manners" 1300:from the original on June 22, 2008 1269:from the original on July 12, 2007 1108:Richards, Gary (August 19, 2009). 908:from the original on April 7, 2016 856:from the original on June 23, 2008 796:Gaffney, Dan (September 3, 2008). 777:from the original on July 27, 2010 758:from the original on July 6, 2011. 666:from the original on July 24, 2011 536:Mcgrath, Ben (November 13, 2006). 14: 2370: 2265:List of BMX bicycle manufacturers 1862:History of cycling infrastructure 1737: 1668:from the original on June 3, 2008 1660:Jonathan Wald (August 29, 2004). 1425:"Mobile Social Monthly Bike Ride" 1375:. Bike Hugger. October 16, 2007. 1345:Jonathan Maus (August 14, 2007). 1238:from the original on July 1, 2016 830:from the original on May 26, 2011 773:. MetroActive News & Issues. 769:Bennett, Dylan; Giles, Gretchen. 748:"Big pack of bikes piques police" 697:. Edinburgh, Scotland: AK Press. 621:Seaton, Matt (October 26, 2005). 341:Conflicts involving Critical Mass 335:Conflicts involving Critical Mass 2298: 2297: 1614:. Wordpress. September 9, 2009. 1450:Darnell, Tim (August 17, 2016). 1373:"Critical Man-nerds ride report" 318:Critical Mass (Kathmandu, Nepal) 2285:List of doping cases in cycling 2270:List of bicycle-sharing systems 1711: 1687:Richards, Tom (July 30, 2012). 1680: 1653: 1630: 1604: 1578: 1554:David Carrit (August 1, 2009). 1547: 1517: 1495: 1469: 1443: 1417: 1391: 1365: 1338: 1312: 1281: 1250: 1220: 1202: 1183: 1157: 1101: 1080: 1054: 1002: 984: 958: 932: 920: 894: 868: 842: 816: 762: 678: 359:San Francisco Bicycle Coalition 74:Broadway Tunnel (San Francisco) 1588:. Wordpress. August 14, 2009. 718:Palmer, Susan (May 20, 2006). 652: 633: 614: 596: 570: 548: 529: 127:Full path of Critical Mass in 1: 462: 1399:"Seattle Ride Civil website" 689:. In Carlsson, Chris (ed.). 7: 1783: 1294:The San Francisco Chronicle 876:"Critical Mass wheels away" 720:"Rolling protests hit bump" 660:"Cyklister i Storstockholm" 377:Clothing-optional bike ride 364: 309:Vancouver, British Columbia 10: 2375: 1979:Sports-related cycling and 1165:"About the Bike Happening" 992:"BikeSummer 2006: History" 824:"A critical mass critique" 578:"Pittsburgh Critical Mass" 338: 159:International Car Free Day 64: 2293: 2247: 2211: 2123:Bicycle poverty reduction 2093: 1978: 1890: 1819: 1791: 940:"Critical Tits Party FAQ" 291:Atlanta Bicycle Coalition 42:there's safety in numbers 2359:Cycling in San Francisco 2158:Bike Week (Bicycle Week) 1525:"The Long-Awaited Route" 685:Pomerantz, Joel (2002). 484:"Critical Mass turns 10" 260:Critical Mass riders in 113:Organization and tactics 1643:San Francisco Chronicle 1263:San Francisco Chronicle 488:San Francisco Chronicle 324:Kathmandu Durbar Square 2193:Protected intersection 2173:Cycling infrastructure 1915:Bicycle-sharing system 1857:History of the bicycle 1321:"Tucson on Two Wheels" 556:"Critical Mass London" 319: 264: 189:Other bicycling groups 185: 132: 94:Return of the Scorcher 77: 26: 2255:List of bicycle types 2239:Sustainable transport 1998:Cross-country cycling 1981:fast-paced recreation 1820:General and technical 1143:San Jose Mercury News 1115:San Jose Mercury News 852:(in Hungarian). MTI. 804:on September 20, 2008 610:on November 14, 2007. 584:on September 28, 2009 456:World Carfree Network 381:World Naked Bike Ride 317: 300:On June 12, 2009, an 259: 183: 126: 98:human-powered vehicle 72: 24: 1429:Downtown Atlanta, GA 1216:on October 17, 2015. 1042:. September 15, 2019 966:"Chicago Bikewinter" 623:"Critical crackdown" 521:. UK. Archived from 416:Go Skateboarding Day 157:) and September 22 ( 2065:Road bicycle racing 1935:Cold-weather biking 1910:Bicycle rental/hire 1847:Bicycle performance 1566:on October 28, 2009 1531:. August 12, 2009. 1431:. November 12, 2020 1016:on February 2, 2010 998:on August 28, 2006. 519:The Daily Telegraph 446:San Jose Bike Party 436:Reclaim the Streets 227:San Jose Bike Party 2329:History of cycling 2219:Bicycle collecting 2094:Health, safety and 1228:"Angloinfo Berlin" 904:. 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London. 406:Flash mob 213:Tweed Run 155:Earth Day 138:xerocracy 104:designer 2303:Category 2048:Downhill 2028:Freeride 1882:Unicycle 1877:Tricycle 1804:Bicycles 1796:Glossary 1728:Archived 1703:July 30, 1697:Archived 1693:Guardian 1666:Archived 1647:Archived 1616:Archived 1590:Archived 1533:Archived 1377:Archived 1351:Archived 1298:Archived 1267:Archived 1242:June 14, 1236:Archived 1196:Archived 944:Archived 906:Archived 880:Archived 854:Archived 828:Archived 775:Archived 756:Archived 664:Archived 646:Archived 564:Archived 562:. 2006. 542:Archived 492:Archived 391:CiclovĂ­a 386:CicLAvia 372:Bike bus 365:See also 347:Olympics 223:San Jose 151:Budapest 38:bicycles 1827:Bicycle 1809:Cycling 1785:Cycling 1664:. 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Index


direct action
bicycles
safety
social movement

Broadway Tunnel (San Francisco)
Market Street
human-powered vehicle
pedicab
George Bliss
Lisbon
safety in numbers
Budapest
Earth Day
International Car Free Day
Vienna
Burning Man
winter cycling
Kidical Mass
Tweed Run
Columbia, Missouri
San Jose
San Jose Bike Party
Portland, Oregon
Occupy Wall Street

Atlanta
Portland, Oregon
Seattle

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