Criticism of Knowledge

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carefully chosen, it all too often reads as if it has been translated from one language to another then into a third, passing an illiterate translator at each stage." A comparative study of Knowledge, Britannica and Simple Knowledge in 2012 by Adam Jatowt and Katsumi Tanaka using a range of readability metrics on a subset of 90k articles from Britannica and 25k articles from both Knowledge and Simple Knowledge, revealed that Britannica tends to have articles that are 21% easier to read than Knowledge, while Simple Knowledge is on average 26% easier than Knowledge. The authors attributed these differences to the fact that Knowledge articles have multiple authors who may rarely collaborate towards a readable and coherent text unlike the case of Britannica.

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view, writing bland prose to offload memory to the cloud simply could not lead to the conceptual re-framing of ideas for which he said both he and his narrator had naively hoped. He agrees with Keen that at best it provided stylistic training material for the "affective neutrality" of ChatGPT. Lerner explained that his narrator is manifestly unreliable by design, telling the reader from the start that he is remembering wrongly, that he regularly shifted identities to "manipulate" Knowledge readers, and finally asking his reader to believe that he has handed off the narration of the experiment's conclusion to a machine. This ambient unreliability is meant to mirror the experience of consuming digital text whose authority is constantly wobbling.

2635:... It's harder and harder for new people to adjust." Knowledge administrator Oliver Moran views "policy creep" as the major barrier, writing that "the loose collective running the site today, estimated to be 90 percent male, operates a crushing bureaucracy with an often abrasive atmosphere that deters newcomers who might increase participation in Knowledge and broaden its coverage". According to Jemielniak, the sheer complexity of the rules and laws governing content and editor behavior has become excessive and creates a learning burden for new editors. In 2014, Jemielniak suggested actively rewriting, and abridging, the rules and laws to decrease their complexity and size. 1002:, he said that both were essentially accurate and covered the major episodes in Lincoln's life, but praised "McPherson's richer contextualization ... his artful use of quotations to capture Lincoln's voice ... and ... his ability to convey a profound message in a handful of words." By contrast, he gives an example of Knowledge's prose that he finds "both verbose and dull". Rosenzweig also criticized the "waffling—encouraged by the NPOV policy— means that it is hard to discern any overall interpretive stance in Knowledge history". While generally praising the article on 1574:

academics and members of the human biodiversity, or HBD, blogging community. ... In recent years, the proliferation of far-right online spaces, such as white nationalist forums, alt-right boards and HBD blogs, has created a readymade pool of users that can be recruited to edit on Knowledge en masse. ... The presence of white nationalists and other far-right extremists on Knowledge is an ongoing problem that is unlikely to go away in the near future given the rightward political shift in countries where the majority of the site's users live." The SPLC cited the article "

2180:, editing under the accounts "Dbiv", "Fys", and "Sam Blacketer", none of which acknowledged his real identity. After earning Administrator status with one account, then losing it for inappropriate use of the administrative tools, Boothroyd regained Administrator status with the Sam Blacketer sockpuppet account in April 2007. Later in 2007, Boothroyd's Sam Blacketer account became part of the English Knowledge's Arbitration Committee. Under the Sam Blacketer account, Boothroyd edited many articles related to United Kingdom politics, including that of rival 1606: 494: 1934: 1818: 11056: 795:, reviewing widespread perceptions in Israel of organized campaigns to introduce systemic bias into Knowledge articles, has argued that there are deeper structural problems creating this bias: anonymous editing favors biased results, especially if the editors organize concerted campaigns of defamation as has been done in articles dealing with Arab-Israeli issues, and current Knowledge policies, while well-meant, have proven ineffective in handling this. 2395:... For controversial topics, on the other hand, self-selection may produce a strongly misaligned editorial group. It can lead to conflicts among the editorial group members, continuous edit wars, and may require the use of formal work coordination and control mechanisms. These may include intervention by administrators who enact dispute review and mediation processes, completely disallow or limit and coordinate the types and sources of edits. 383: 11044: 62: 2423:

has been formed on the English Knowledge that deals with the worst alleged offenders—though a conflict resolution strategy is actively encouraged before going to this extent. Also, to stop the continuous reverting of pages, Jimmy Wales introduced a "three-revert rule", whereby those users who reverse the effect of others' contributions to one article more than three times in a 24-hour period may be blocked.

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Martin Wattenberg and Kushal Dave of IBM Research found that most vandal edits were reverted within around five minutes; however, they state that "it is essentially impossible to find a crisp definition of vandalism." While most instances of page blanking or the addition of offensive material are soon reverted, less obvious vandalism, or vandalism to a little-viewed article, has remained for longer periods.

1541:, James Hare, noted that "a lot of black history is left out" of Knowledge, due to articles predominately being written by white editors. Articles that do exist on African topics are, according to some critics, largely edited by editors from Europe and North America and thus reflect their knowledge and consumption of media, which "tend to perpetuate a negative image" of Africa. Maira Liriano, of the 161: 313:, informs students that Knowledge is not a reliable academic source, stating, "the bibliography published at the end of the Knowledge entry may point you to potential sources. However, do not assume that these sources are reliable – use the same criteria to judge them as you would any other source. Do not consider the Knowledge bibliography as a replacement for your own 2258: 2118:), which according to him is defined as the opposite of what it really means. Kurelić further advised "that it would be good if a larger number of people got engaged and started writing on Knowledge", because "administrators want to exploit high-school and university students, the most common users of Knowledge, to change their opinions and attitudes, which presents a serious issue". 7253:... Through countless exhausting debates, this small group of pro-gun Knowledge editors – linked together through Knowledge's Firearms project (or "WikiProject:Firearms," mentioned below) – has managed to control almost completely the discourse around the rifle, predominantly by making sure any potentially negative details about it be excluded from the original Colt AR-15 article. 4227: 779:(CAMERA) organized an e-mail campaign to encourage readers to correct perceived Israel-related biases and inconsistencies in Knowledge. CAMERA argued the excerpts were unrepresentative and that it had explicitly campaigned merely "toward encouraging people to learn about and edit the online encyclopedia for accuracy". Defenders of CAMERA and the competing group, 1409:, going back a decade, and wrote a study arguing the more contributors there were to an article, the less biased the article would be, and that – based on a study of frequent collocations – fewer articles "leaned Democrat" than was the case in Knowledge's early years. Sorin Adam Matei, a professor at 4237: 1471:, called the arguments made in favor of deletion "absurd and ahistorical". On December 1, 2021, a panel of four administrators found that the discussion yielded no consensus, meaning that the status quo was retained, and the article was not deleted. The article's deletion discussion was the largest in Knowledge's history. 1683:

technical information while issues of the social impact and regulation of firearms are relegated to separate articles. Communications were facilitated by a "WikiProject," called "WikiProject Firearms", an on-wiki group of editors with a common interest. The alleged pro-gun bias drew increased attention after the

2366:-labeled account) or pseudonymously (using a registered account), with critics saying that this leads to a lack of accountability. This also sometimes leads to uncivil conduct in debates between Wikipedians. For privacy reasons, Knowledge forbids editors to reveal information about another editor on Knowledge. 2574:. This idea has had dreadful consequences when thrust upon us from the extreme Right or the extreme Left in various historical periods. The fact that it's now being re-introduced today by prominent technologists and futurists, people who in many cases I know and like, doesn't make it any less dangerous. 2140:

Croatian pupils and students have been wronged by this, so we have to warn them, unfortunately, that a large part of the content of the Croatian version of Knowledge is not only dubious but also obvious forgeries, and therefore we invite them to use more reliable sources of information, which include

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A 2023 study of Knowledge talk pages found that toxic comments were closely correlated with reduced editor activity. The study's authors estimated that toxic comments increase the probability of an editor leaving the website, which had ultimately resulted in 265 cumulative years of lost productivity.

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Wales later issued a new statement saying he had not previously understood that "EssJay used his false credentials in content disputes." He added: "I have asked EssJay to resign his positions of trust within the Knowledge community." Sanger responded the next day: "It seems Jimmy finds nothing wrong,

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Essjay also said he held four academic degrees: Bachelor of Arts in religious studies (B.A.), Master of Arts in religion (M.A.R.), Doctorate of Philosophy in theology (Ph.D.), and Doctorate in Canon Law (JCD). Essjay specialized in editing articles about religion on Knowledge, including subjects such

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the idea of openness and relevance as a knowledge source that Knowledge could and should represent has been completely discredited – which, for certain, has never been the goal of Knowledge's creators nor the huge number of people around the world who share their knowledge and time using that medium.

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In 2011, the Wikimedia Foundation set a goal of increasing the proportion of female contributors to 25 percent by 2015. In August 2013, Gardner conceded defeat: "I didn't solve it. We didn't solve it. The Wikimedia Foundation didn't solve it. The solution won't come from the Wikimedia Foundation." In

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describes Knowledge as having "become a monopoly" with "all the prejudices and ignorance of its creators," which he calls a "youthful cab-drivers" perspective. Cohen concludes that "o control the reference sources that people use is to control the way people comprehend the world. Knowledge may have a

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quoted a Knowledge spokesperson as praising the tool: "We really value transparency and the scanner really takes this to another level. Knowledge Scanner may prevent an organization or individuals from editing articles that they're really not supposed to." Not everyone hailed WikiScanner as a success

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According to The Verge report and an independent follow-up by Haaretz, the top editors of the Colt page are pro-gun enthusiasts who skewed the information presented on it and are also involved in editing other articles on Knowledge – for example, the much more general article, titled AR 15 – to push

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Another complaint about Knowledge focuses on the efforts of contributors with idiosyncratic beliefs, who push their point of view in an effort to dominate articles, especially controversial ones. This sometimes results in revert wars and pages being locked down. In response, an Arbitration Committee

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The Essjay episode underlines some of the perils of collaborative efforts like Knowledge that rely on many contributors acting in good faith, often anonymously and through self-designated user names. But it also shows how the transparency of the Knowledge process—all editing of entries is marked and

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I am a tenured professor of theology at a private university in the eastern United States; I teach both undergraduate and graduate theology. I have been asked repeatedly to reveal the name of the institution, however, I decline to do so; I am unsure of the consequences of such an action, and believe

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although German readers were still able to use the US-based URL directly, and there was virtually no loss of access on their part. The court order arose out of a lawsuit filed by Floricic's parents, demanding that their son's surname be removed from Knowledge. The next month on February 9, 2006, the

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Knowledge has been criticized for reflecting the bias and influence of media that are seen as reliable due to their dominance, and for being a site of conflict between entrenched or special institutional interests. Public relations firms and interest lobbies, corporate, political and otherwise, have

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This approach of comparing two articles, one about a traditionally encyclopedic subject and the other about one more popular with the crowd, has been called "wikigroaning". A defense of inclusion criteria is that the encyclopedia's longer coverage of pop culture does not deprive the more "worthy" or

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But on Knowledge, as in the real world, the users with the deepest technical knowledge of firearms are also the most fervent gun owners and the most hostile to gun control. For critics, that's led to a persistent pro-gun bias on the web's leading source of neutral information at a time when the gun

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The search for a 'neutral point of view' mirrors the efforts of journalists to be objective, to show both sides without taking sides and remaining unbiased. But maybe this is impossible and unattainable, and perhaps misguided. Because if you open it up for anyone to edit, you're asking for anything

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Knowledge has been accused of systemic bias, which is to say its general nature leads, without necessarily any conscious intention, to the propagation of various prejudices. Although many articles in newspapers have concentrated on minor factual errors in Knowledge articles, there are also concerns

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that overwhelming information could "bring about a state of intellectual enervation and depletion hardly to be distinguished from massive ignorance." Wales emphasized Knowledge's differences and asserted that openness and transparency lead to quality. Hoiberg said he "had neither the time nor space

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were comparable in terms of the accuracy of its science entries. Nevertheless, the reviewers had two principal criticisms of the Knowledge science entries: (i) thematically confused content, without an intelligible structure (order, presentation, interpretation); and (ii) that undue weight is given

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discussed "a backlash among some editors, who argue that blocking users compromises the supposedly open nature of the project, and the imbalance of power between users and administrators may even be a reason some users choose to vandalise in the first place", based on the experiences of one editor

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case. He mentions his own experience with what he calls "the unblockable"—abrasive editors who can get away with complaints against them because there are enough supporters, and that he had observed a "general indifference or even hostility to an outside opinion" on the English Knowledge. Auerbach

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has also been criticized as contrary to the independent spirit that Knowledge supposedly has gained. In early 2007, Wales dismissed the criticism of the Knowledge model: "I am unaware of any problems with the quality of discourse on the site. I don't know of any higher-quality discourse anywhere."

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in order to fight against vandalism, including blocking and banning vandals and automated bots that detect and repair vandalism. Supporters of the project argue that the vast majority of vandalism on Knowledge is reverted within a short time, and a study by Fernanda Viégas of the MIT Media Lab and

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reporting: "Greenfield is a uniquely tricky case for Knowledge because she doesn't have the background that most candidates for major political office typically have (like prior government experience or prominence in business). Even if Knowledge editors could recognize she was prominent, she had a

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projects, stated that the complexity of the rules and laws governing editorial content and the behavior of the editors is a burden for new editors and a license for the "office politics" of disruptive editors. In a follow-up article, Jemielniak said that abridging and rewriting the editorial rules

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The nascent Web encyclopedia Citizendium springs from Larry Sanger, a philosophy Ph.D. who counts himself as a co-founder of Knowledge, the site he now hopes to usurp. The claim doesn't seem particularly controversial—Sanger has long been cited as a co-founder. Yet the other founder, Jimmy Wales,

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I have ever witnessed, with editors and administrators giving conflicting and confusing advice, complaints getting "boomeranged" onto complainants who then face disciplinary action for complaining, and very little consistency in the standards applied. In my short time there, I repeatedly observed

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The standard of debate on Knowledge has been called into question by people who have noted that contributors can make a long list of salient points and pull in a wide range of empirical observations to back up their arguments, only to have them ignored completely on the site. An academic study of

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and beyond. If averages mattered, and due to the nature of the wiki software (no voting) they almost certainly don't, I would say that the Knowledge community is slightly more liberal than the U.S. population on average, because we are global and the international community of English speakers is

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disadvantage of having the same name as a porn star with a Knowledge page. Merelli also interviewed the Knowledge editor who wrote the candidate's ill-fated article (which was deleted, then restored, after she won the election). She described the Articles for Deletion process and pointed to other

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the same month, he said that he wrote the piece in part because he realized that the optimism of the early days of Knowledge concerning "tinkering with language" to "unmask" the ideology of those in power was misguided, and that writing Knowledge was an inefficient use of creative energy. In his

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Other critics have made similar charges that, even if Knowledge articles are factually accurate, they are often written in a poor, almost unreadable style. Frequent Knowledge critic Andrew Orlowski commented, "Even when a Knowledge entry is 100 percent factually correct, and those facts have been

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policy states that articles should be "as far as possible" written "without editorial bias". Mark Glaser, a journalist, also wrote that this may be an impossible ideal due to the inevitable biases of editors. Research has shown that articles can maintain bias in spite of the neutral point of view

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In order to address this problem the Wikimedia Foundation planned to institute a new rule of conduct aimed at combating 'toxic behavior'. The development of the new rule of conduct would take place in two phases. The first will include setting policies for in-person and virtual events as well as

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petition asking for "true scientific discourse" on Knowledge, complaining that "much of the information related to holistic approaches to healing is biased, misleading, out-of-date, or just plain wrong". In response, Jimmy Wales said Knowledge covers only works that are published in respectable

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has stressed how it is important for Latinos to be part of Knowledge "because it is a major source of where people get their information." In 2010, an analysis of Knowledge edits revealed that Asia, as the most populous continent, was represented in only 16.67% of edits. Africa (6.35%) and South

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The WikiScanner is thus an important development in bringing down a pernicious influence on our intellectual life. Critics of the web decry the medium as the cult of the amateur. Knowledge is worse than that; it is the province of the covert lobby. The most constructive course is to stand on the

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academics seeking a wider audience for extreme views." According to the SPLC, "ivil POV-pushers can disrupt the editing process by engaging other users in tedious and frustrating debates or tie up administrators in endless rounds of mediation. Users who fall into this category include racialist

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On a more generic level, a 2014 study found no correlation between the characteristics of a given Knowledge page about an academic and the academic's notability as determined by citation counts. The metrics of each Knowledge page examined included length, number of links to the page from other

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said Knowledge is generally fair in regard to Israel. When it was pointed out that the entry on Israel mentioned the word "occupation" nine times, whereas the entry on the Palestinian people mentioned "terror" only once, he responded, "It means only one thing: Israelis should be more active on

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What do the perpetrators of the massacres at Sandy Hook, at Aurora, at Orlando, and at Sutherland Springs have in common? They were all men under 30 and they all used versions of the same kind of firearm, the AR-15, the semi-automatic version of the military's M-16, and the bestselling gun in

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later issued a correction to their article. The Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation issued press statements that the Gamergate case was in response to the atmosphere of the Gamergate article resembling a "battlefield" due to "various sides of the discussion violated community policies and

2606:... To take the specific case of Knowledge, the Seigenthaler/Kennedy debacle catalyzed both soul-searching and new controls to address the problems exposed, and the controls included, inter alia, a greater focus on individual responsibility, the very factor "Digital Maoism" denies is at work. 1853:

Most privacy concerns refer to cases of government or employer data gathering, computer or electronic monitoring; or trading data between organizations. According to James Donnelly and Jenifer Haeckel, "the Internet has created conflicts between personal privacy, commercial interests and the

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Knowledge has been criticized for issues related to bias in firearms-related articles. According to critics, systematic bias arises from the tendency of the editors most active in maintaining firearms-related articles to also be gun enthusiasts, and firearms-related articles are dominated by

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and ensuing "anti-Iranian activities", a "strenuous attempt to portray the cylinder as nothing more than the propaganda tool of an aggressive invader" was visible. The edits following his analysis of the edits during 2009 and 2010, represented "a complete dismissal of the suggestion that the

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But if a reader had started on the page for either of Breivik's guns, the Ruger or the Glock, they would not know this. That reader would find a great deal of technical information about the weapons in question – their weights, lengths, cartridges, rates of fire, magazine capacities, muzzle

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contended that he had been harassed and stalked because of his work on Knowledge, had received no support from the authorities or the Wikimedia Foundation, and only mixed support from the Knowledge community. Shankbone wrote, "If you become a target on Knowledge, do not expect a supportive

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found that the quality of a Knowledge article would suffer rather than gain from adding more writers when the article lacked appropriate explicit or implicit coordination. For instance, when contributors rewrite small portions of an entry rather than making full-length revisions, high- and

2521:, debates can be won by stamina. If you care more and argue longer, you will tend to get your way. The result, very often, is that individuals and organizations with a very strong interest in having Knowledge say a particular thing tend to win out over other editors who just want the 1119:

developed a statistical model to measure systematic bias in the behavior of Knowledge's users regarding controversial topics. The authors focused on behavioral changes of the encyclopedia's administrators after assuming the post, writing that systematic bias occurred after the fact.

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Despite the perception that the Knowledge process is democratic, some assert that "a small number of people are running the show", including administrators, bureaucrats, stewards, checkusers, mediators, arbitrators, and oversighters. In an article on Knowledge conflicts in 2007,

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A 2007 conference paper estimated that 1 in 271 articles had some "damaged" content. Most of the damage involved nonsense; 20% involved actual misinformation. It reported that 42% of damage gets repaired before any reader clicked on the article, and 80% before 30 people did so.

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In 2005, Agence France-Presse quoted Daniel Brandt, the Knowledge Watch owner, as saying that "the basic problem is that no one, neither the trustees of Wikimedia Foundation, nor the volunteers who are connected with Knowledge, consider themselves responsible for the content."

1629:, former executive director of the Foundation, said that increasing diversity was about making the encyclopedia "as good as it could be". Factors cited as possibly discouraging women from editing included the "obsessive fact-loving realm", associations with the "hard-driving 839:

then requested the Minister of Justice to tell him whether it would be possible to increase the criminal responsibilities of hosting providers, site operators, and authors of libelous content; the minister declined to do so, recalling the existing rules in the LCEN law (see

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guidelines on conduct", and that the committee was fulfilling its role to "uphold a civil, constructive atmosphere" on Knowledge. The committee also wrote that it "does not rule on the content of articles, or make judgements on the personal views of parties to the case".

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At some point, Essjay said he had sent a letter to a real-life college professor using his invented persona's credentials, vouching for Knowledge's accuracy. In the letter he wrote in part, "It is never the case that known incorrect information is allowed to remain in

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as evidence of systemic liberal bias. Scarborough compares the biographical articles of liberal and conservative opponents in Senate races in the Alaska Republican primary and the Delaware and Nevada general election, emphasizing the quantity of negative coverage of

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examined the influence of skeptics on Knowledge by looking for parallels between Knowledge entries and characteristic techniques used by skeptics, finding that the result "does not prove that Skeptics are shaping Knowledge but is compatible with that possibility."

2469:... The problem instead stems from the fact that administrators and longtime editors have developed a fortress mentality in which they see new editors as dangerous intruders who will wreck their beautiful encyclopedia, and thus antagonize and even persecute them. 1025:

and excluded those written at the "start" class or "stub" class level. Lawrence found the articles accurate but not very readable, and thought that "Knowledge's lack of readability (to non-college readers) may reflect its varied origins and haphazard editing".

414:, were reported. The 42-entry sample included science articles and biographies of scientists, which were compared for accuracy by anonymous academic reviewers; they found that the average Knowledge entry contained four errors and omissions, while the average 1505:, said Knowledge administrators display an American-focused bias in their interactions with editors and their determinations of which sources are appropriate for use on the site. Anderson was outraged after several of the sources he used in his edits to the 1074:

to respond to " and "could corral any number of links to articles alleging errors in Knowledge", to which Wales responded: "No problem! Knowledge to the rescue with a fine article", and included a link to the Knowledge article about criticism of Knowledge.

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nothing trust-violating, with the act itself of openly and falsely touting many advanced degrees on Knowledge. But there most obviously is something wrong with it, and it's just as disturbing for Knowledge's head to fail to see anything wrong with it."

564:, a journalist, ran such a test in 2007, in which he inserted false information into his own Knowledge article; it was removed 27 hours later by a Knowledge editor. Knowledge considers the deliberate insertion of false and misleading information to be 9418:

Such checking leads to a daily battle of wits with the cyber-wreckers who insert erroneous, ludicrous and offensive material into entries. How frequently entries get messed about with depends on the controversy of their subjects. This week the entry

2098:, has commented that "the Croatian Knowledge is only a tool used by its administrators to promote their own political agendas, giving false and distorted facts". As two particularly prominent examples, he listed the Croatian Knowledge's coverage of 1854:

interests of society at large". Balancing the rights of all concerned as technology alters the social landscape will not be easy. It "is not yet possible to anticipate the path of the common law or governmental regulation" regarding this problem.

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created a minor controversy on the topic. The deletion was taken as endorsement of the non-lolicon images of Wikipe-tan, which Wales later had to explicitly deny: "I don't like Wikipe-tan and never have." Finkelstein sees Knowledge as composed of

923:, were all shown to have modified the Knowledge pages about themselves in order to present a point of view that describes them positively; these organizations may have editors who revert negative changes as soon as these changes are submitted. 4338: 1586:

whose "home institution was essentially providing a soapbox for racist pseudoscience." The article states that he had some influence on "public misperceptions of race" as a result of heavy editing of an early version of Knowledge's article on

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found that for editors who make between two and nine edits a month, the percentage of their edits being reverted had gone from 5% in 2004 to about 15%, and people who make only one edit a month were being reverted at a 25% rate. According to

205:, corporate, institutional, and national lines. Conflicts of interest arising from corporate campaigns to influence content have also been highlighted. Further concerns include the vandalism and partisanship facilitated by anonymous editing, 1456:, because 'linking ideology and killing' is the very core of why these things are important. I have read the Knowledge page, and it seems to be careful and balanced. Therefore, attempts to remove it can only be ideologically motivated – to 2565:

that is nothing less than a resurgence of the idea that the collective is all-wise, that it is desirable to have influence concentrated in a bottleneck that can channel the collective with the most verity and force. This is different from

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that deals with the relative importance of sources, observing that it showed Knowledge's goal was not to present correct and definitive information about a subject but to present the majority opinion of the sources cited. In their article

9058: 1006:, he quoted its conclusion as an example of such "waffling", which then stated: "Some historians ... remember him as an opportunistic, bloodthirsty outlaw, while others continue to view him as a daring soldier and local folk hero." 297:(2008), the Hoover Institution said Knowledge is an unreliable resource for correct knowledge, information, and facts about a subject, because, as an open-source website, the editorial content of the articles is readily subjected to 2480:

policies for technical spaces including chat rooms and other Wikimedia projects. A second phase outlining enforcement when the rules are broken is planned to be approved by the end of 2020, according to the Wikimedia board's plan.

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Two radically different versions of the Knowledge biography Klee Irwin (now deleted) presented to the public within days of each other: Knowledge's susceptibility to edit wars and bias is an issue often raised by the project's

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The Knowledge's open structure makes it a target for trolls and vandals who malevolently add incorrect information to articles, get other people tied up in endless discussions, and generally do everything to draw attention to

8840:"I can start an article that will consist of one paragraph, and then a real expert will come along and add three paragraphs and clean up my one paragraph", said Larry Sanger of Las Vegas, who founded Knowledge with Mr. Wales. 4474: 1781:

argues that the debate over the album cover masks a structural lack of accountability on Knowledge, in particular when it comes to sexual content. For example, the deletion by Knowledge co-founder Jimmy Wales of images of

547:, when she was not. The article included a link to the Knowledge edit, where the incorrect information was added on July 9, 2005. The inaccurate information was removed within 24 hours after the MSNBC.com report appeared. 1196:

in November of the same year, because no independent sources were given to show that Strickland was sufficiently notable by Knowledge's standards. Journalists highlighted this as an indicator of the limited visibility of

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since the 2007 policy changes, another study stated this was partly down to the way "in which newcomers are rudely greeted by automated quality control systems and are overwhelmed by the complexity of the rule system."

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was described as "a province in the People's Republic of China". According to the BBC, "there are indications that are not all necessarily organic, nor random" and were in fact encouraged by the Chinese government.

265:(2012) in an academic librarianship journal, the authors noted another author's point that omissions within an article might give the reader false ideas about a topic, based upon the incomplete content of Knowledge. 1652:, Marie Vitulli states that "mathematicians have had a difficult time when writing biographies of women mathematicians," and she describes the aggressiveness of editors and administrators in deleting such articles. 1413:, said that "for certain political topics, there's a central-left bias. There's also a slight, when it comes to more political topics, counter-cultural bias. It's not across the board, and it's not for all things." 2353:

story. The controversy has led to a proposal that users who say they possess academic qualifications should have to provide evidence before citing them in Knowledge content disputes. The proposal was not accepted.

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were among the editors punished, with one of them being the sole editor banned due to this case. An article called "ArbitrationGate" regarding this situation was created (and quickly deleted) on Knowledge, while

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The bias in the articles was not explicit, but structural. The project did not insert false information into the articles but instead purged information that showed the weapons in a bad light - dismissing it as

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For uncontroversial, "stable" topics self-selection also ensures that members of editorial groups are substantially well-aligned with each other in their interests, backgrounds, and overall understanding of the

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said the over-complicated rules and laws of Knowledge unintentionally provoked the decline in editorial participation that began in 2009—frightening away new editors who otherwise would contribute to Knowledge.

1578:" as an example of the alt-right influence on Knowledge, stating that at that time the article presented a "false balance" between fringe racialist views and the "mainstream perspective in psychology." In 2022 533:, which means that incorrect information can be replicated alongside correct information through a number of web sources. Such information can thereby develop false authority due to its presence at such sites. 508:

Inaccurate information that is not obviously false may persist in Knowledge for a long time before it is challenged. The most prominent cases reported by mainstream media involved biographies of living people.

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A group of pro-gun Knowledge editors tried to hide the true number of mass shootings associated with the AR-15 rifle in the aftermath of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland, Florida.

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Lanier also says the current economic trend is to reward entities that aggregate information, rather than those that actually generate content. In the absence of "new business models", the popular demand for

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described these articles as "flawed" or factually inaccurate, pointing out that the Arbitration case had not concluded as at the time of publishing; no editor had been banned. After the result was published,

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from 1992 to 1997, said that readers of Knowledge articles cannot know who wrote the article they are reading—it might have been written by an expert in the subject matter or by an amateur. In November 2015,

1519:, were disallowed as "unusable". Anderson also described Knowledge's neutral point of view policy to ZDNet Australia as "a facade" and that Knowledge "hides behind a reliance on corporate media editorials". 8065: 1188:, which are used by editors to determine if a subject merits its own article, and the application thereof, are the subject of much criticism. In May 2018, a Knowledge editor rejected a draft article about 6534: 1968:

article wrote about a controversy in September 2012 where two Wikimedia Foundation employees were found to have been "running a PR business on the side and editing Knowledge on behalf of their clients."

869:

had been edited for political purposes by "an apparent tussle of opinions in the shadowy world of hard drives and 'independent' editors that comprise the Knowledge industry." He suggested that after the

855:

reported that the Canadian "government is now conducting two investigations into federal employees who have taken to Knowledge to express their opinion on federal policies and bitter political debates."

516:

demonstrated that the subject of a biographical article must sometimes fix blatant lies about themselves. In May 2005, an anonymous user edited the biographical article on American journalist and writer

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being used to make edits to Knowledge articles, sometimes of an opinionated or questionable nature. Another story stated that an IP address from the BBC itself had been used to vandalize the article on

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The Wikimedia Foundation has defended itself and Knowledge from allegations of being host to these kinds of influence campaigns, arguing that the encyclopaedia is constantly being updated and improved.

8391: 557:, a call center worker from Scotland, created a Knowledge article in which he wrote that he was a highly decorated war hero. The article was quickly identified as a hoax by other users and deleted. 6366: 2561:

The problem is in the way the Knowledge has come to be regarded and used; how it's been elevated to such importance so quickly. And that is part of the larger pattern of the appeal of a new online

816:, many of them adding flattering details, were made to the article by the user "Young_Trigg". This person later acknowledged working on the McCain campaign, and having several other user accounts. 8602: 7815: 3069:

Halfaker, Aaron; Geiger, R. Stuart; Morgan, Jonathan T.; Riedl, John (2012). "The Rise and Decline of an Open Collaboration System: How Knowledge's Reaction to Popularity Is Causing Its Decline".

8267: 344:. With printed publications, the publishers have to ensure that their data are reliable, as their livelihood depends on it. But with something like this, all that goes out the window." Likewise, 9882: 3011: 2296:

blog by calling Wales' initial reaction "utterly breathtaking, and ultimately tragic". Sanger said the controversy "reflects directly on the judgment and values of the management of Knowledge."

1625:. Knowledge has been criticized by some journalists and academics for lacking not only women contributors but also extensive and in-depth encyclopedic attention to many topics regarding gender. 9552: 5422: 2284:

with no advanced degrees and no teaching experience. Initially Jimmy Wales commented on the issue of Essjay's identity: "I regard it as a pseudonym and I don't really have a problem with it."

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Communism." Other Knowledge editors and users on social media opposed the deletion of the article. The article's deletion nomination received considerable attention from conservative media.

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slightly more liberal than the U.S. population. There are no data or surveys to back that." In 2007, Wales said that claims of liberal bias on Knowledge "are not supported by the facts".

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had embarked on a campaign to cleanse their respective bosses' biographies on Knowledge, as well as inserting negative remarks on political opponents. References to a campaign promise by

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that the encyclopedia should not be used as a primary source for research, either academic or informational. The British librarian Philip Bradley said, "the main problem is the lack of

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Articles of particular interest to an editor or group of editors are sometimes modified based on these editors' respective points of views. Some companies and organizations—such as

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study also gave two brief examples of challenges that Wikipedian science writers purportedly faced on Knowledge. The first concerned the addition of a section on violence to the

3768: 1389:-endorsed candidates. He also cites criticism by Lawrence Solomon and quotes in full the lead section of Knowledge's article on Conservapedia as evidence of an underlying bias. 8022: 6430: 9186: 8095: 7117:"Pro-gun Knowledge users spark fierce editing war; Editors against tighter controls on firearms have been purging information that shows weapons such as AR-15s in a bad light" 3742: 5065: 4586: 2414:

guardians, who excise anything that does not meet their standards, justifying their actions with a blizzard of acronyms, is now known as 'wiki-lawyering'." In regards to the

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outperformed Knowledge in terms of its "clear and engaging prose", which, he said, was an important aspect of good historical writing. Contrasting Knowledge's treatment of

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As an online encyclopedia that almost anyone can edit, Knowledge has had problems with vandalism of articles, which range from blanking articles to inserting profanities,

772:) lack political neutrality and are written from a sympathetic Marxist perspective which treats socialist dictatorships favorably at the expense of alternative positions. 7161: 3683: 8937: 8827: 7299: 6461: 10664: 5879: 4006: 2820: 2542: 2476:

In one case, a longtime editor was nearly driven to suicide following online abuse from editors and a ban from the site before being rescued from the suicide attempt.

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There have also been instances of users deliberately inserting false information into Knowledge in order to test the system and demonstrate its alleged unreliability.

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Jovanović has also commented on the Croatian Knowledge editors – calling them a "minority group that has usurped the right to edit the Croatian-language Knowledge".

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injunction against Wikimedia Deutschland was overturned, with the court rejecting the notion that Tron's right to privacy or that of his parents was being violated.

1145:, said "People write of things they're interested in, and so many subjects don't get covered, and news events get covered in great detail. In the past, the entry on 10137: 8685: 8055: 461:

study showed that the rate of error between the two encyclopedias was similar, the errors in a Knowledge article usually were errors of fact, while the errors in a

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defended itself from allegations of being host to opinion-influencing campaigns of pro-gun groups, saying that the contents are always being updated and improved.

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America. It might be difficult to make this connection because as I write this, the section on the use of AR-15s in mass killings has been deleted from Knowledge

2505:

Knowledge seeks not truth but consensus, and like an interminable political meeting, the end result will be dominated by the loudest and most persistent voices.

7847: 6530: 6006: 3044: 10966: 7443: 2899: 9677: 8514: 1097:

about large-scale, presumably unintentional effects from the increasing influence and use of Knowledge as a research tool at all levels. In an article in the

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While Knowledge policy requires articles to have a neutral point of view, it is not immune from attempts by outsiders (or insiders) with an agenda to place a

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Knowledge has a longstanding controversy concerning gender bias and sexism. Gender bias on Knowledge refers to the finding that between 84 and 91 percent of

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describes Knowledge as a "hive mind" that is "for the most part stupid and boring", and asks, rhetorically, "why to pay attention to it?" His thesis says:

2002:

criticized the Arbitration Committee's decision to block a woman indefinitely without simultaneously blocking her "chief antagonists" in the December 2014

920: 8592: 2062:

wrote that "ArbCom ruled to punish six editors who could be broadly classified as 'anti-Gamergate' and five who are 'pro-Gamergate'." All of the supposed

715:, which took three months to produce a decision. The outcome of arbitration was for Connolley to be restricted to undoing edits on articles once per day. 9770: 8257: 7825: 7465: 6926: 6736: 6261: 4375: 2602:... Knowledge is best viewed as an engaged community that uses a large and growing number of regulatory mechanisms to manage a huge set of proposed edits 1030:

argued that better-written articles tend to be more reliable: "inelegant or ranting prose usually reflects muddled thoughts and incomplete information".

9405: 6557: 6049: 4204: 10785: 9872: 9273: 8539: 3210: 3001: 2644: 2386:

Knowledge articles found that the level of debate among Knowledge editors on controversial topics often degenerated into counterproductive squabbling:

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to reinforce the legislation on the penal responsibility of Internet sites and of authors who peddle false information in order to cause harm. Senator

83: 76: 9542: 9127: 9519: 9296: 7411: 5582:

Samoilenko, Anna; Yasseri, Taha (January 22, 2014). "The distorted mirror of Knowledge: a quantitative analysis of Knowledge coverage of academics".

5412: 10108:

Report on Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election, Volume 2: Russia's Use of Social Media with Additional Views

7600: 3187: 879:' actions, represent a concern for human rights or any kind of enlightened intent," in stark contrast to Cyrus' own reputation as documented in the 10201: 8851: 8128: 5685: 4647:"Organizations like Sony, Diebold, Nintendo, Dell, the CIA, and the Church of Scientology were all shown to have sanitized pages about themselves." 4613: 2598:

Neither proponents nor detractors of hive mind rhetoric have much interesting to say about Knowledge itself, because both groups ignore the details

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as "the penitential rite, transubstantiation, the papal tiara". On one occasion, he was called in to give some "expert testimony" on the status of

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articles were compilations, but denied that such editorial details invalidated the conclusions of the comparative study of the science articles.

9494: 8362: 4832: 9948: 9011: 8169: 7199: 4269: 3002:"The Unbearable Bureaucracy of Knowledge: the legalistic atmosphere is making it impossible to attract and keep the new editors the site needs" 2867: 2303:

On March 4, Essjay wrote on his user page that he was leaving Knowledge, and he also resigned his position with Wikia. A subsequent article in

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Larry Delay and Pablo Bachelet wrote that from their perspective, some articles dealing with Latin American history and groups (such as the

11087: 9212: 6888: 3375: 2730: 1274:, to leave Knowledge's Articles for Creation process and become published. Particularly, the criteria for notability were criticized, with 581: 281:

and laws of Knowledge for clarity of purpose and simplicity of application would resolve the bureaucratic bottleneck of too many rules. In

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magazine stated that the policy of allowing anyone to edit had made Knowledge the "biggest (and perhaps best) encyclopedia in the world".

10031:& Ariel, Yaron (2008). "Online motivational factors: Incentives for participation and contribution in Knowledge." In A. Barak (ed.), 7788: 5478: 5018: 4515:"Responsabilité pénale des intervenants sur Internet : hébergeur du site, responsible du site et auteur d'allégations diffamatoires" 2122: 623: 619: 434:

publishing additional survey documentation that substantiated the results of the comparative study. Based upon the additional documents,

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Knowledge has also been criticized for its weak enforcement against perceived toxicities among the editing community at various times.

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Knowledge has been criticised for allowing editors to contribute anonymously (without a registered account and using an auto-generated

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The concern in the case of Knowledge is the right of a private citizen to remain private; to remain a "private citizen" rather than a "

1271: 1232:, writes: "There are quires, reams, bales of controversy over what constitutes notability in Knowledge: nobody will ever sort it out." 663:

WikiScanner reveals conflicts of interest only when the editor does not have a Knowledge account and their IP address is used instead.

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Do Experts or Collective Intelligence Write with More Bias? Evidence from Encyclopædia Britannica and Knowledge — Working Paper 15-023

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serious subjects of space. That being said, 2023 research suggests that Knowledge creates systematic biases against poorer countries.

757:. Numerous other changes were made from an IP address assigned to the House of Representatives. In an interview, Knowledge co-founder 10934: 10729: 10243: 10196: 9713: 7045: 6420: 2673: 1924: 724: 664: 513: 502: 126: 7512:. CHI '04 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (ACM). Vienna, Austria: ACM. pp. 575–582. 6289: 5075: 4245: 2525:

to be solid, neutral, and reliable. These less-committed editors simply have less at stake and their attention is more distributed.

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article, which was little more than a "rant" about the need to lock people up, in the view of one of the article's regular editors,

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added an editorial note to its article on Knowledge stating that it had learned that Essjay was Ryan Jordan, a 24-year-old college

98: 6578: 4750: 1112:." That freedom is undermined by what he sees as what matters on Knowledge, "not your sources but the 'support of the community." 10763: 10636: 8888: 5941: 5902: 5445: 2725: 1989:

for off-site harassment. Paling quotes a then-sitting Arbitrator speaking about bias against women on the Arbitration Committee.

10704: 9160: 9090: 8659: 8331: 8231: 7877: 7076: 7004: 6389: 6152: 4500: 4411: 3125: 590:

as one of its non-negotiable principles; however, it acknowledges that such a concept has its limitations – its

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reported that the Arbitration Committee had banned five feminist editors from gender-related articles on a case related to the

1645:'s plans for "doubling down" on the issue. Wales said the Foundation would be open to more outreach and more software changes. 1343: 8941: 8425: 952: 105: 10883: 10646: 9999: 8753: 7594: 6453: 5838: 5156: 4804: 4610:"Open Season on Domainers and Domaining — Overtly Biased L.A. Times Article Leads Latest Assault on Objectivity and Accuracy" 3996: 3932: 2710: 1754:

campaigners say graphic sexual content appears on many Knowledge entries, displayed without any warning or age verification.

1684: 1429: 306: 8561: 8200: 5871: 2830: 8990: 6939: 4545: 1436:' point of view", that "it should not resort to 'simplistic presuppositions that events are driven by any specific ideology 836: 765: 741:

to surrender his seat in 2000 were deleted, and negative comments were inserted into the articles on United States Senator

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had been incorrectly listed for 20 months in her Knowledge biography as having been valedictorian of her class of 1969 at

10775: 10272: 10248: 10164: 7621: 7578: 6558:"Racial Pseudoscience on the Faculty: A professor's research flew under the radar for years. What finally got him fired?" 4342: 3679: 3367: 3275: 2694: 1397: 1176: 871: 553:

may not be confined to editing existing Knowledge articles, but can also include creating new articles. In October 2005,

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has been criticized since its creation in 2001. Most of the criticism has been directed toward its content, community of

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Knowledge has been accused of being biased against views outside of the scientific mainstream due to influence from the

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hard time meeting the official criteria for notability." Jimmy Wales also criticized the long process on his talk page.

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extracts were compilations that sometimes included articles written for the youth version of the encyclopedia. In turn,

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Kittur, Aniket; Kraut, Robert E. (2008). "Harnessing the wisdom of crowds in Knowledge: quality through coordination".

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The community of Knowledge editors has been criticized for placing an irrational emphasis on Jimmy Wales as a person.

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was not considered notable enough for a Knowledge entry until she wrote her article "Know it All" about the Knowledge

354: 10330: 10238: 9182: 8394:[Jovanović: "Children, do not use the Croatian Knowledge because its contents are forgeries"] (in Croatian). 7855: 7525: 6562: 4938: 3738: 2979: 2862: 2251: 1986: 1465: 1323: 145: 34: 9372: 8023:"Encyclopedia Frown: Knowledge is amazing. But it's become a rancorous, sexist, elitist, stupidly bureaucratic mess" 7437: 7342: 7077:"How gun buffs took over Knowledge's AR-15 page; After Parkland, gun control information was strangely hard to find" 2889: 2594:

noted that Knowledge has many internal controls in place and is not a mere mass of unintelligent collective effort:

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Hube, Christoph; Fetahu, Besnik (November 4–7, 2019). "Neural Based Statement Classification for Biased Language".

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On the Croatian Knowledge, a group of administrators were criticized for blocking Wikipedians who were in favor of

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about Lerner's prose experiment "The Hofmann Wobble: Knowledge and the problem of historical memory", published in

283:

The Rise and Decline of an Open Collaboration System: How Knowledge's Reaction to Popularity is Causing its Decline

94: 9669: 7756: 5291: 4302: 2337:

The Essjay incident received extensive media coverage, including a national United States television broadcast on

2250:, a wiki-hosting service founded by Wales and Angela Beesley. In February, Wales appointed Essjay a member of the 1327: 1247:: stringent rules, spotty enforcement". In the same article, Noah mentions that the Pulitzer Prize-winning writer 11082: 10939: 10691: 10084: 9836: 7266: 6180: 5713: 4837: 4334: 4170: 3716: 2689: 1720: 701:, a Knowledge editor who was opposed by others. The topic in this second dispute was "language pertaining to the 577: 7022:

velocities – and detailed descriptions of their designs, all illustrated with abundant photographs and diagrams.

4919:"Is Knowledge too Difficult?: Comparative Analysis of Readability of Knowledge, Simple Knowledge and Britannica" 4890: 2220:

about "a highly credentialed Knowledge editor". The initial version of the article included an interview with a

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Knowledge has been charged with having a systemic racial bias in its coverage, due to an underrepresentation of

1208:

is well documented and has prompted a movement to increase the number of notable women on Knowledge through the

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Critics also point to the tendency to cover topics in detail disproportionate to their importance. For example,

10709: 10538: 10221: 6145:"Knowledge page on 'Mass killings under communist regimes' considered for deletion, prompting bias accusations" 2748: 2562: 2342: 2007:

considers the systematic defense of vulgar language use by insiders as a symptom of the toxicity he describes.

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the considerable and often-noted gender gap among Knowledge editors; in 2011, less than 15 percent were women.

6072: 5137:"Manipulation among the arbiters of collective intelligence: How Knowledge administrators mold public opinion" 4365: 2110:, a region mostly located in Croatia), defined as a "movement fabricated to reduce the number of Croats", and 408:(single-blind study), which compared the factual and informational accuracy of entries from Knowledge and the 241:(2007), said that articles usually are dominated by the loudest and most persistent editorial voices or by an 213:

between a guardian class and newer users, excessive rule-making, edit warring, and uneven policy application.

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will be sated by mediocrity, thus reducing or even eliminating any monetary incentives for the production of

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while including quotes from a Knowledge editor alleging unfair treatment. Other commentators, including from

1945: 1911: 1292: 842: 734: 202: 10132: 9263: 9113: 6922:"WP:THREATENING2MEN: Misogynist Infopolitics and the Hegemony of the Asshole Consensus on English Knowledge" 6484: 3220: 2129:, called for pupils and students in Croatia to avoid using the Croatian Knowledge. In an interview given to 1083: 813: 525:

statements. The inaccurate claims went unnoticed from May until September 2005 when they were discovered by

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noted that the Knowledge community had responded to the affair with "the fury of the crowd", and observed:

1259:

articles, and number of edits made to the page. This study also found that Knowledge did not cover notable

10047: 9509: 9309: 8681: 5479:"Seeking Disambiguation: Running for office is hard when you have a porn star's name. This makes it worse" 1087: 10978: 10780: 10573: 10282: 7565: 6636: 6485:"Let's Leave the Bias to the Mainstream Media: A Knowledge Community Fighting for Information Neutrality" 3177: 2620: 2415: 1558: 1260: 1018: 615: 6690: 4609: 1092:

Academic studies about Knowledge § A minority of editors produce the majority of persistent content

10040: 8995: 8466:[Jovanović's message to the pupils and students: Don't use Croatian Knowledge!] (in Croatian). 8290: 5141:

CIKM '13 Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Information & Knowledge Management

4923:

CIKM '12 Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information & Knowledge Management

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done by editors with accounts is not detected, since those edits are anonymous to everyone except some

610:—was released to match edits to the encyclopedia by non-registered users with an extensive database of 602:

In August 2007, a tool called WikiScanner—developed by Virgil Griffith, a visiting researcher from the

190: 7639: 5983: 5037: 4273: 1141: 410: 10847: 10267: 9938: 5741: 4862: 4642: 2971: 2923:"'You Just Type in What You Are Looking For': Undergraduates' Use of Library Resources vs. Knowledge" 2766: 2627:

was quoted in a 2009 article as criticizing the project, saying, "It was easier when I joined in 2004

2400: 1772: 1662: 1457: 1346:

bias. Conservapedia's editors have compiled a list of alleged examples of liberal bias in Knowledge.

931: 596: 366:: "I think Knowledge never solved the problem of how to organize itself in a way that didn't lead to 30: 9008: 8506: 7187: 6232: 4787: 4635: 3120: 2857: 2321:

published a formal apology by Wales to the magazine and Stacy Schiff for Essjay's false statements.

1674:

been accused of working systemically to distort Knowledge's articles in their respective interests.

119: 10469: 10456: 10320: 10277: 10231: 10216: 9085: 8910: 8625: 6828: 5258: 5103: 4684:

Walker, Christopher; Kalathil, Shanthi; Ludwig, Jessica (2020). "The Cutting Edge of Sharp Power".

4582: 2715: 2700: 2567: 1837: 1600: 1528: 1440:", and that "by combining different elements of research to create a 'synthesis', this constitutes 1205: 1003: 860: 832: 828: 819:

In November 2007, libelous accusations were made against two politicians from southwestern France,

712: 668: 326: 198: 194: 178: 10138:

The Geographically Uneven Coverage of Knowledge – Oxford Internet Institute – University of Oxford

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Knowledge was criticized in 2008 for allowing graphic sexual content such as images and videos of

1633:

crowd", and the necessity to be "open to very difficult, high-conflict people, even misogynists."

1380:

presented a critique of Knowledge's coverage of American politicians prominent in the approaching

1370:

all to be slanted in favor of liberal views. In a September 2010 issue of the conservative weekly

10374: 10191: 10157: 10007: 9805: 9048: 7337: 6457: 6425: 6328: 5801: 5203: 5070: 4961: 3856: 3796: 3455: 2922: 2667: 2181: 1641:

acknowledged in a BBC interview the failure of Knowledge to fix the gender gap and announced the

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You Just Type in What You are Looking for: Undergraduates' Use of Library Resources vs. Knowledge

72: 7188:"A gun group has been editing Knowledge's firearms pages to sanitize mass shootings, for months" 6790: 6754: 5629:"Senate candidate Theresa Greenfield finally got her Knowledge page. Here's why it took so long" 3643: 3363: 788:

Knowledge. Instead of blaming it, they should go on the site much more, and try and change it."

595:

policy through word choice, the presentation of opinions and controversial claims as facts, and

398:

In "Internet Encyclopedias Go Head-to-head", a 2005 article published in the scientific journal

233:

characterized the content of articles as a mixture of "truth, half-truth, and some falsehoods".

10369: 10296: 9739: 9431:'s entry is a favourite for distortion with new statements casting aspersions on his integrity. 9400: 7531: 7433: 7226:"Gun Enthusiasts Are Waging a War of Attrition on Knowledge, and It Looks Like They're Winning" 5108: 4782: 3829: 2239: 2103: 1985:

published a story by Emma Paling about a contributor who was able to obtain no relief from the

1812: 1381: 1193: 1099: 565: 6733: 5657:"Why Did It Take So Long for the Democratic Senate Candidate in Iowa to Get a Knowledge Page?" 3907:

WSDM '19 Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining

10493: 10075: 9841: 9743: 6955: 5714:"Meet the Knowledge editor who published the Buffalo shooting entry minutes after it started" 5413:"Knowledge had rejected Nobel Prize winner Donna Strickland because she wasn't famous enough" 4522: 2243: 2177: 2017: 1588: 1575: 1482: 916: 587: 526: 341: 210: 10071:"The Decline of Knowledge: Even As More People Than Ever Rely on It, Fewer People Create It" 8991:"Knowledge editor who posed as professor is Ky. dropout: Man resigns post after controversy" 8711: 7950: 4434: 4137: 1315:", while also noting that Knowledge is "usually accused of being too liberal". According to 10999: 10852: 10724: 10699: 10626: 10602: 10588: 10446: 10405: 10181: 8358: 7664: 7035: 6262:"'Biased, anti-Hindu' — campaign begins against Knowledge after it urges Indians to donate" 6073:"Inside Knowledge's leftist bias: socialism pages whitewashed, communist atrocities buried" 5483: 5417: 5338: 5325:"Poor attention: The wealth and regional gaps in event attention and coverage on Knowledge" 4686: 3505: 3416: 3371: 3319: 2705: 2679: 2310: 2141: 1787: 1747: 1692: 1642: 1502: 1478: 1212:

WikiProject. In an article entitled "Seeking Disambiguation", Annalisa Merelli interviewed

1039: 277: 9703: 4989: 1550: 8: 10972: 10929: 10862: 10478: 10441: 10306: 10023:(Audio version (with transcript) of the NPR interview with Andrew Keen on June 16, 2007). 8781: 8262: 7370: 6108: 6011: 5633: 5231: 4307: 4242: 2305: 2041: 1877: 1833: 1276: 780: 174: 9642: 9607: 6206:"Knowledge:Articles for deletion/Mass killings under communist regimes (4th nomination)" 5369: 5342: 5324: 3509: 3420: 3323: 1216:, a candidate for office in Queens, New York in the 2018 election who had the notorious 934:

was rewritten to describe it as necessary to "quell the counterrevolutionary riots" and

387: 11060: 11048: 11014: 11004: 10823: 10816: 10719: 10714: 10568: 10508: 10357: 10150: 9979: 9665: 9608:"Toxic comments are associated with reduced activity of volunteer editors on Knowledge" 9053: 8822: 8354: 7761: 6917: 6795: 6759: 6695: 6613: 6361: 5609: 5591: 5296: 4854: 4810: 4703: 4467:"Sarah Palins Knowledge entry glossed over by mystery user hrs. before VP announcement" 4439: 4406: 3977: 3910: 3648: 3096: 2657:

who became a vandal after his edits were reverted and he was blocked for edit warring.

2510: 2197: 2081: 1716: 1605: 1566: 1386: 1361: 1319:, Knowledge's ideological bias "may match the ideological bias of the news ecosystem." 1312: 1267: 1252: 1109: 1108:

benign, even trivial face, but underneath may lie a more sinister and subtle threat to

995: 991: 800: 603: 273: 9486: 9080: 7008: 6531:"Knowledge wars: inside the fight against far-right editors, vandals and sock puppets" 2228:

professor of theology. Essjay's Knowledge user page, now removed, said the following:

1733: 1266:

In 2020, Knowledge was criticized for the amount of time it took for an article about

733:

on articles. In January 2006, it was revealed that several staffers of members of the

684: 10528: 10513: 10483: 9995: 9647: 9629: 9514: 9150: 7590: 7521: 6506: 6113: 6104:"Knowledge may delete entry on 'mass killings' under Communism due to claims of bias" 5912: 5374: 5356: 5152: 4934: 4800: 4707: 4401: 3981: 3928: 3903:

Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining

3523: 3434: 3345: 3337: 3115: 3100: 3088: 2975: 2428: 2165: 1800: 1704: 1688: 1618: 1498: 1441: 1410: 1377: 1331: 1155: 1146: 927: 820: 730: 702: 698: 688: 544: 518: 498: 10563: 9800: 9427:

with angry denunciations of suicide bombing and claims of hypocrisy. Prime Minister

8392:"Jovanović: Djeco, ne baratajte hrvatskom Wikipedijom jer su sadržaji falsificirani" 7700: 7499:"Studying cooperation and conflict between authors with history flow visualizations" 5198: 4062: 3834: 3541: 3456:"Fatally Flawed: Refuting the Recent Study on Encyclopaedic Accuracy by the journal 2513:

also talked about Knowledge's disproportional representation of viewpoints, saying:

1221:

candidates who had pages on the English Knowledge despite never having held office.

386:"Teaching criticism vs. teaching praise": an analysis of talk-page messages for the 10994: 10810: 10503: 10451: 10436: 10256: 9910: 9877: 9708: 9699: 9637: 9621: 9123: 9114:"After flap over phony professor, Knowledge wants some writers to share real names" 8786: 8100: 8027: 7955: 7885: 7881: 7582: 7513: 7304: 6931: 6897: 6496: 6044: 5975: 5937: 5907: 5661: 5613: 5601: 5555: 5364: 5346: 5144: 4926: 4846: 4814: 4792: 4695: 4232: 4174: 3967: 3920: 3513: 3496: 3424: 3407: 3327: 3310: 3080: 3006: 2462: 2350: 2173: 2047: 1994: 1869: 1764: 1751: 1546: 1534: 1453: 1402: 1347: 1198: 1189: 1069:. Hoiberg focused on a need for expertise and control in an encyclopedia and cited 792: 550: 537: 418:

entry contained three errors and omissions. The study concluded that Knowledge and

405: 400: 9906:"The Wisdom of the Chaperones: Digg, Knowledge, and the myth of Web 2.0 democracy" 9295:

Stvilla, Besiki; Twidale, Michael; Smith, Linda; Gasser, Les (February 21, 2008).

8743: 5848: 3211:"The Big Question: Do we Need a More Reliable Online Encyclopedia than Knowledge?" 2254:, a group with powers to issue binding rulings in disputes relating to Knowledge. 1549:

on Knowledge "makes it seem like it's not important." San Francisco Poet Laureate

614:. News stories appeared about IP addresses from various organizations such as the 10989: 10518: 10288: 10028: 9015: 8712:"Bogus Knowledge Prof. was blessed then promoted: The Counterfactual History Man" 8707: 8597: 8192: 7646: 7271: 6861: 6740: 6181:"To delete or not to delete? The fate of the most contentious Knowledge articles" 5806: 5446:"The 2018 Nobel Prize reminds us that women scientists too often go unrecognized" 5351: 4962:"Cancer information on Knowledge is accurate, but not very readable, study finds" 4755: 4249: 4001: 3215: 2843: 2433: 2161: 1352: 1335: 1225: 1124: 987: 966: 876: 694:. He said that editing it stimulated him to look up the literature on the topic. 561: 554: 540: 529:, a friend of Seigenthaler. Knowledge content is often mirrored at sites such as 493: 362: 268:

Knowledge is sometimes characterized as having a hostile editing environment. In

10113:(Report). United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. October 8, 2019 9625: 5397: 4096:"Truth, anonymity and the Knowledge Way: Why it's broke and how it can be fixed" 1396:

said: "The Knowledge community is very diverse, from liberal to conservative to

10898: 10867: 10631: 10553: 10543: 10340: 9574: 9452: 9032: 8464:"Jovanovićeva poruka učenicima i studentima: Ne koristite hrvatsku Wikipediju!" 8193:"Knowledge Has Banned Five Feminist Editors From Gamergate Articles & More" 8164: 8018: 7300:"Jimmy Wales Gets Real, and Sassy, About Knowledge's Holistic Healing Coverage" 6975: 6921: 4722: 4142: 2788: 2440: 2212: 2169: 1999: 1873: 1433: 1432:" was nominated for deletion, with some editors arguing that it has "a biased ' 1357: 1132: 979: 865: 707: 636: 591: 371: 345: 286: 242: 186: 10533: 9975:"Knowledge Isn't Officially a Social Network. But the Harassment Can Get Ugly" 8291:"The Affective Labor of Knowledge: GamerGate, Harassment, and Peer Production" 7625: 2317:

he had posted at his Wikia page was exaggerated. The March 19, 2007, issue of

1506: 293:

There have also been works that describe the possible misuse of Knowledge. In

209:

behavior (from contributors as well as administrators and other top figures),

11076: 11029: 10747: 10578: 10548: 10523: 10498: 10335: 9633: 9367: 7851: 7575:

Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Supporting group work

7561: 7557: 7470: 6854: 6510: 6117: 5916: 5450: 5360: 5136: 4994: 4990:"Fact or fiction? Knowledge's variety of contributors is not only a strength" 4779:

Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work

3341: 3092: 3084: 2501:, said Knowledge's reliance on consensus in forming its content was dubious: 2406: 2185: 2028: 1858: 1759: 1630: 1613:

has listed reasons offered by some women in "Why Women Don't Edit Knowledge".

1406: 1339: 1213: 1070: 880: 784: 257: 182: 9543:"Knowledge Editor Says Site's Toxic Community Has Him Contemplating Suicide" 9423:

is being attacked dozens of times a day following the row about cartoons of

7586: 7556:

Priedhorsky, Reid; Chen, Jilin; Lam, Shyong (Tony) K.; Panciera, Katherine;

5550: 5148: 4930: 4796: 3924: 3276:"Research:Wikimedia Summer of Research 2011/Newbie teaching strategy trends" 2533:

Tiring out one's opponent is a common strategy among experienced Wikipedians

804:

ran an article detailing the edits made to the biography of Alaska governor

485:

of the editors' specific objections about the research method of the study.

382: 10651: 10558: 10384: 10363: 9943: 9796: 9651: 9335: 9268: 8856: 8716: 8630: 8534: 8196: 8129:"GamerGate Knowledge Ruling Bans Harassed Feminist Editors, Outrage Ensues" 8060: 7988: 7728: 7691:"Court overturns temporary restraining order against Wikimedia Deutschland" 7497:

Viégas, Fernanda B.; Wattenberg, Martin; Dave, Kushal (April 24–29, 2004).

7406: 5843: 5746: 5378: 5263: 4966: 4895: 4550: 4397: 4100: 3527: 3438: 3349: 3182: 2652: 2645:

Academic studies about Knowledge § Work distribution and social strata

2554: 2522: 2461:

editors lawyering an issue with acronyms, only to turn around and declare "

2285: 2277: 2262: 2217: 2115: 2012: 1981: 1777: 1768: 1739: 1657: 1449: 1372: 1308: 1248: 1236: 1209: 1136: 1062: 851: 738: 691: 357: 181:, the readability and organization of its articles, the lack of methodical 9244: 7517: 4918: 4882: 4699: 3706: 10583: 10488: 10410: 10400: 10379: 9987: 9362: 9027: 8295: 7695: 7191: 6869: 6238: 5323:

Ruprechter, Thorsten; Burghardt, Keith; Helic, Denis (November 8, 2023).

2784: 2591: 2590:

Lanier's opinions produced some strong disagreement. Internet consultant

2580: 2571: 2492: 2452: 2411: 2314: 2293: 2266: 2087: 2053: 1767:—features a picture of the album's original cover, which depicts a naked 1743: 1638: 1626: 1610: 1393: 1366: 1229: 1150: 1034: 809: 805: 758: 750: 645: 530: 246: 234: 230: 5512: 3972: 3955: 2615:

Various figures involved with the Wikimedia Foundation have argued that

1933: 1017:

was conducted in 2010 by Yaacov Lawrence of the Kimmel Cancer Center at

11019: 10903: 10352: 9612: 9547: 9428: 8667: 4858: 3248: 2363: 2099: 1796: 1708: 1515: 1468: 1304: 1160: 1128: 742: 611: 607: 522: 302: 4178: 1880:. More specifically, the court ordered that the URL within the German 1817: 711:

reported that this dispute, which was far more protracted, had led to

10420: 10325: 10262: 10173: 9217: 9118: 8395: 8132: 7922: 7086: 7081: 6935: 6902: 6883: 6640: 5135:

Das, Sanmay; Allen, Lavoie; Malik, Magdon-Ismail (November 1, 2013).

4263:"A Pernicious Model for Control of the World Wide Web: The Cuba Case" 4034: 3615: 3039: 2825: 2624: 2518: 2497: 2456: 2131: 1890:) may no longer redirect to the encyclopedia's servers in Florida at 1821: 1562: 1425: 1421: 1021:. The study was limited to those articles that could be found in the 808:

in the wake of her nomination as the running mate of Arizona Senator

746: 650: 438:

denied the validity of the study, stating it was flawed, because the

222: 170: 10002:(substantial criticisms of Knowledge and another web 2.0 projects). 8324:"The Gamergate Decision Shows Exactly What's Broken About Knowledge" 7622:"Privacy, and Security on the Internet: What Rights, What Remedies?" 6501: 5605: 5019:"The Hofmann Wobble: Knowledge and the problem of historical memory" 4850: 3518: 3491: 3429: 3398: 3332: 3305: 2188:. Boothroyd then resigned as an administrator and as an arbitrator. 2156: 61: 10908: 10656: 10033:

Psychological aspects of cyberspace: Theory, research, applications

9606:

Smirnov, Ivan; Oprea, Camelia; Strohmaier, Markus (December 2023).

9424: 9155: 8963: 8626:"Oh, what a tangled web we weave when first we practise to deceive" 8467: 8224:"Knowledge Purged a Group of Feminist Editors Because of Gamergate" 7820: 7195: 7156: 7120: 7040: 6421:"Black History Matters, So Why Is Knowledge Missing So Much Of It?" 6266: 6148: 6077: 5811: 5329: 3915: 3711: 2550: 2281: 2091: 1912:

Wales's role in personally determining the content of some articles

1792: 1474: 1417: 904: 827:, on their Knowledge biographies. Grand asked the president of the 754: 536:

In another example, on March 2, 2007, MSNBC.com reported that then-

482: 370:" and that since he left the project, "People that I would say are 367: 314: 8160:"Knowledge Wants To Ban Feminists From Editing GamerGate Articles" 8056:"Knowledge votes to ban some editors from gender-related articles" 7431: 7152:"Pro-gun Group Edited AR-15 Knowledge Page to Hide Mass Shootings" 6728:

Statistics based on Wikimedia Foundation Knowledge editor surveys

5596: 4833:"Can History be Open Source? Knowledge and the Future of the Past" 4518: 2921:

Colón-Aguirre, Monica; Fleming-May, Rachel A. (October 11, 2012).

2697: – Theories that Knowledge will break down or become obsolete 571: 10924: 10893: 10888: 10619: 9305:

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology

7848:"Knowledge Vs Citizendium.org: The Art of Competing with Oneself" 7230: 6579:"Nine Reasons Why Women Don't Edit Knowledge, In Their Own Words" 5690: 4370: 1783: 1299: 1239:

wrote of his treatment: "Knowledge's notability policy resembles

900: 884: 718: 627: 9795: 7402:"Sting in the Scorpions tale is the exposure of Wiki's weakness" 4636:"Umbria Blogosphere Analysis — Knowledge and Corporate Blogging" 4030:"Exposed: guess who has been polishing their Knowledge entries?" 473:

was more accurate than Knowledge in that respect. Subsequently,

10345: 10051: 9420: 8593:"Knowledge 'sentinel' quits after using alias to alter entries" 8327: 8227: 6667: 2225: 2107: 2022: 1570: 1127:

once mockingly praised Knowledge for having a longer entry on '

1014: 956:

A March 30, 2021, screenshot of English Knowledge's article on

935: 812:. During the 24 hours before the McCain campaign announcement, 206: 10106: 8530:"Sockpuppeting British politico resigns from Wikisupremecourt" 6357:"Howard University Fills in Knowledge's Gaps in Black History" 6324:"Edit-athon aims to put left-out black artists into Knowledge" 5742:"Conservapedia — the US religious right's answer to Knowledge" 5259:"No amount of collaboration will make the sun orbit the Earth" 2767:"Knowledge: Articles for deletion/Klee Irwin (3rd nomination)" 2410:

magazine (2008), "The behaviour of Knowledge's self-appointed

1561:

criticized Knowledge for being "vulnerable to manipulation by

1303:, "Knowledge has succeeded in being accused of being both too 10944: 10614: 6294: 3244:"Knowledge's Co-Founder Is Knowledge's Most Outspoken Critic" 2882: 2374: 2247: 957: 465:

article were errors of omission. According to the editors of

391: 160: 10142: 9740:"Digital Maoism: The Hazards of the New Online Collectivism" 5980:"Is Knowledge Biased? Verifying the "neutral point of view"" 5410: 3872:"Knowledge Bias: Is There a Neutral View on George W. Bush?" 2676: – Opposing philosophies within the Knowledge community 2451:

I am not exaggerating when I say it is the closest thing to

1872:

shut down within Germany because it stated the full name of

423:

to controversial, fringe theories about the subject matter.

374:

sort of took over. The inmates started running the asylum."

9183:"Knowledge's credentials policy [archived version]" 7649:

by the Digital Media Law Project for the legal distinction.

7267:"Knowledge Founder Sticks It To 'Lunatic' Holistic Healers" 5872:"Email Debate: Wales Discusses Political Bias on Knowledge" 5066:"Will Knowledge Mean the End Of Traditional Encyclopedias?" 2257: 1886: 1832:, or nonsense. Knowledge has a range of tools available to 1829: 1244: 908: 896: 769: 8447:

How pro-fascist ideologues are rewriting Croatia's history

8258:"Gamergate, Knowledge and the limits of 'human knowledge'" 7555: 5974: 5143:. San Francisco, California, US: ACM. pp. 1097–1106. 2543:

Digital Maoism: The Hazards of the New Online Collectivism

2487: 1876:, aka "Tron", a deceased hacker who was formerly with the 1452:, who called it "morally indefensible, at least as bad as 777:

Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America

10011: 9579: 9394:

Hickman, Martin; Roberts, Genevieve (February 13, 2006).

9294: 8748: 7466:"How Wikimedia Commons became a massive amateur porn hub" 6980: 6865: 6791:"Define Gender Gap? Look Up Knowledge's Contributor List" 6755:"Define Gender Gap? Look Up Knowledge's Contributor List" 5875: 5718: 4982: 4727: 4067: 3546: 3140: 3068: 2202: 1316: 1217: 978:

low-quality content may be intermingled within an entry.

912: 640: 51:

Controversy surrounding the online encyclopedia Knowledge

8885:"Knowledge firmly supports your right to identity fraud" 8355:"Civility, Knowledge, and the conversation on Gamergate" 5686:"The Witch Hunt Against a 'pro-Israel' Knowledge Editor" 5322: 2920: 2617:

Knowledge's increasingly complex policies and guidelines

377: 8422:"Trolls hijack Knowledge to turn articles against gays" 7506:

Studying Cooperation and Conflict between Authors with

5930: 4497:"Wikipédia en butte à une nouvelle affaire de calomnie" 3403:

news article 'Internet Encyclopaedias Go Head to Head'"

2224:

using the pseudonym Essjay, who described himself as a

1428:. In November 2021, the English Knowledge's entry for " 1181:

Criticism of Knowledge § Systemic bias in coverage

890: 10967:

The Iraq War: A Historiography of Knowledge Changelogs

9605: 8938:"Jimmy Wales' latest response on the Essjay situation" 7567:

Creating, destroying, and restoring value in wikipedia

7439:

Meet the manga avatars of your favorite tech platforms

4891:"Knowledge founder admits to serious quality problems" 3956:"Policing orthodoxy on Knowledge: Skeptics in action?" 2246:. In January 2007, Essjay was hired as a manager with 6855:

Knowledge 'completely failed' to fix gender imbalance

4579:"The Cyrus Cylinder, Knowledge and Iran conspiracies" 3602: 3064: 3062: 2898:. Bowling Green State University. February 27, 2012. 2855: 2176:

contributor "Tarantino" discovered that he committed

1405:

and Feng Zhu analyzed 2012 era Knowledge articles on

1342:

because of his perception that Knowledge contained a

1088:

Knowledge § Coverage of topics and systemic bias

10133:

A Compendium of Knowledge Criticism – Wikipediocracy

9670:"The Institute for Cultural Diplomacy and Knowledge" 9297:"Information Quality Work Organization in Knowledge" 7951:"I Get Paid To Edit Knowledge For Leading Companies" 7496: 7264: 6663:"Yes, Knowledge Is Sexist – That's Why It Needs You" 4683: 4335:"Letter in Harper's Magazine About Knowledge Issues" 3641: 3113: 1545:, has argued that the lack of information regarding 9049:"A Contributor to Knowledge Has His Fictional Side" 9040: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8083: 7620:Donnelly, James; Haeckl, Jenifer (April 12, 2001). 6927:

Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology

3765:"Hillary Rodham Clinton [archived version]" 3739:"Hillary Rodham Clinton [archived version]" 3107: 2465:!" when faced with the same rules used against them 2381:

Academic studies about Knowledge § Power plays

2032:, provided additional analysis while sourcing from 1356:considered the Knowledge articles on subjects like 488: 9213:"Knowledge Idiots: The Edit Wars of San Francisco" 8911:"User talk:Jimbo Wales [archived version]" 6231: 5511: 5411:Corinne Purtill; Zoë Schlanger (October 2, 2018). 3059: 2949:cited Fallis, Don. "Toward an Epistemology" (2008) 2233:it to be in my best interests to remain anonymous. 177:, process, and rules. Critics have questioned its 9698: 8251: 8249: 6960:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 6682: 6454:"Why Don't More Latinos Contribute To Knowledge?" 6233:"How Knowledge earned the ire of the Hindu Right" 5581: 5038:"Ben Lerner on the Dangers of Digital Technology" 4402:"Israeli-Palestinian conflict rages on Knowledge" 3608: 2333:saved—allows readers to react to suspected fraud. 2157:Scandals involving administrators and arbitrators 1047: 11074: 8080: 7813: 7661:"Knowledge Becomes Internet Force, Faces Crisis" 7399: 7366:"Knowledge Censorship Sparks Free Speech Debate" 7297: 6097: 6095: 5476: 4060: 3857:"Knowledge:Vandalism [archived version]" 3822: 3574:"Encyclopædia Britannica and Nature: A Response" 2151: 2094:, Robert Kurelić, a professor of history at the 697:Another dispute involved the climate researcher 9733: 9731: 9575:"Knowledge sets new rules to combat 'toxicity'" 9436: 9328: 8809: 8768: 8458: 8456: 8454: 7724:"Jimmy Wales in drive-by shooting of Knowledge" 7721: 7395: 7393: 5060: 5058: 5025:. Vol. 347, no. 2083. pp. 27–32. 4877:Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media 4830: 4656: 4576: 4435:"Don't Like Palin's Knowledge Story? Change It" 4363: 4225: 4138:"Know it all: Can Knowledge conquer expertise?" 4054: 3994: 3949: 3947: 3945: 2789:"Knowledge—The Dumbing Down of World Knowledge" 1554:America (2.58%) were equally underrepresented. 1170: 1149:was more than five times the length of that on 572:Neutral point of view and conflicts of interest 9936: 9393: 9264:"Log on and join in, but beware the web cults" 9151:"Knowledge Founder Addresses User Credentials" 8849: 8282: 8246: 7652: 7619: 6722: 6570: 6287: 5949:. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard Business School. 5503: 5385: 5036:Keen, Andrew; Lerner, Ben (December 8, 2023). 4954: 4659:"Knowledge Continues To Sanitize Bush Content" 4499:. Vnunet.fr. November 28, 2007. Archived from 4270:Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy 3988: 3909:. Melbourne VIC, Australia. pp. 259–268. 3241: 2967:Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Knowledge 2670: – Censorship of Knowledge by governments 1543:Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture 1328:a politically liberal viewpoint is predominant 1180: 719:Exposure to political operatives and advocates 388:Knowledge Summer of Research (2011) convention 270:Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Knowledge 227:Knowledge: The Dumbing Down of World Knowledge 10158: 9903: 9866: 9864: 9834: 9020: 8935: 8882: 8852:"Bias, sabotage haunt Knowledge's free world" 8818:"Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You" 8591:Welham, Jamie; Lakhani, Nina (June 7, 2009). 8590: 7789:"Knowledge Co-Founder Creates Competing Site" 7754: 6884:"Writing women in mathematics into Knowledge" 6784: 6782: 6483:Livingstone, Randall M. (November 23, 2010). 6412: 6092: 6007:"Study: Knowledge perpetuates political bias" 5936: 5177: 5134: 4925:. New York, NY, US: ACM. pp. 2607–2610. 4826: 4824: 4723:"China and Taiwan clash over Knowledge edits" 4168: 4135: 4027: 3171: 3169: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2890:"Knowledge Experience Sparks National Debate" 1918: 1900: 1488: 863:'s Teymoor Nabili suggested that the article 9768: 9728: 9206: 9204: 8682:"Talk:Five solas [archived version]" 8451: 8013: 8011: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7390: 6976:"PR firms pledge 'ethical' use of Knowledge" 6889:Notices of the American Mathematical Society 6815: 6746: 6381: 5869: 5289: 5055: 4916: 4607: 4543: 4296: 4294: 4260: 4021: 3942: 3465:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. March 2006. 3235: 3035:"Study: Knowledge is driving away newcomers" 3032: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2818: 2783: 2731:Knowledge:Knowledge is not a reliable source 2631:... Everything was a little less complicated 2172:) member, created controversy in 2009, when 1972: 1892: 1868:In January 2006, a German court ordered the 1703:In 2014, supporters of holistic healing and 1677: 1650:Notices of the American Mathematical Society 1077: 582:Knowledge:Reliable sources/Perennial sources 256:(2012), Timothy Messer–Kruse criticized the 9799:; Fowler, Geoffrey A. (November 27, 2009). 8623: 7975: 6788: 6602: 6600: 6528: 6482: 6004: 5903:"Conservative wants to set Knowledge right" 5836: 5830: 5771:"Conservapedia aims to set Knowledge right" 5391: 5097: 5095: 5093: 4776: 3869: 3792:"Exclusive: Meet the Real Sir Walter Mitty" 3789: 3026: 2856:Messer-Kruse, Timothy (February 12, 2012). 2849: 2529:Wikimedia trustee Dariusz Jemielniak says: 1763:—a 1976 album from German heavy metal band 761:remarked that the changes were "not cool". 624:Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee 620:National Republican Congressional Committee 15: 11043: 10165: 10151: 9870: 9861: 9396:"Knowledge – separating fact from fiction" 7948: 7658: 7007:. Action on Armed Violence. Archived from 6779: 6688: 6390:"Drive launched to 'Africanise' Knowledge" 6040:"Don't Ask Knowledge to Cure the Internet" 5396:. J.P.'s Random Ramblings . Archived from 5230:Hendren, Johnny "DocEvil" (June 5, 2007). 5035: 4821: 4396: 4093: 3900: 3303: 3166: 3114:Petrilli, Michael J. (February 29, 2008). 2999: 2988: 2963: 2858:"The 'Undue Weight' of Truth on Knowledge" 2821:"Wisdom? More like dumbness of the crowds" 2416:decline in the number of Knowledge editors 2375:Level of debate, edit wars, and harassment 2144:and in other major languages of the world. 1272:2020 United States Senate election in Iowa 942: 320: 16: 9873:"The Unbearable Bureaucracy of Knowledge" 9641: 9507: 9201: 9111: 8774: 8700: 8617: 8352: 8288: 8008: 7918:"Citizendium aims to be better Knowledge" 7915: 7904: 7002: 6901: 6872:, August 8, 2014; starting at 45 seconds. 6555: 6500: 5837:Scarborough, Rowan (September 27, 2010). 5595: 5368: 5350: 5196: 4786: 4291: 4228:"War of Words: Website Can't Define Cuba" 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4087: 3971: 3914: 3707:"Reading Hillary Clinton's hidden thesis" 3642:Seelye, Katharine Q. (December 3, 2005). 3517: 3428: 3331: 3306:"Internet Encyclopaedias Go Head to Head" 3150:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2952: 2777: 2674:Deletionism and inclusionism in Knowledge 2621:driving away new contributors to the site 2123:Minister of Science, Education and Sports 1925:Conflict-of-interest editing on Knowledge 1655:Criticism was presented on this topic in 1594: 725:Conflict-of-interest editing on Knowledge 514:Knowledge Seigenthaler biography incident 239:Wisdom?: More like Dumbness of the Crowds 146:Learn how and when to remove this message 10068: 9828: 9210: 9148: 9081:"[ABC News broadcast on Essjay]" 8929: 8706: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8353:Beaudette, Philippe (January 27, 2015). 8157: 8093: 8017: 7549: 7223: 7185: 7104:control debate is more heated than ever. 6597: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6348: 6290:"Knowledge accused of 'US-centric bias'" 6259: 6223: 6178: 6037: 5733: 5683: 5654: 5090: 4888: 4748: 3399:"Supplementary Information to Accompany 3364:"Knowledge head to head with Britannica" 2747:This article incorporates text from the 2638: 2610: 2292:of Knowledge, responded to Wales on his 2256: 2201: 1816: 1604: 1084:Reliability of Knowledge § Coverage 1033:In a December 2023 video interview with 951: 783:, went into mediation. Israeli diplomat 492: 392:http://www.mediawiki.org/Research:WSOR11 381: 254:The 'Undue Weight' of Truth on Knowledge 159: 24:This is an accepted version of this page 10985:People imprisoned for editing Knowledge 10743:United States congressional staff edits 9897: 9540: 9408:from the original on September 29, 2007 9375:from the original on September 24, 2015 9225:from the original on September 11, 2015 9163:from the original on September 24, 2015 8988: 8289:Mandiberg, Michael (February 1, 2015). 8190: 7878:"Knowledge Co-Founder Unveils Rival 💕" 7606:from the original on November 22, 2019. 7363: 7265:Sifferlin, Alexandra (March 25, 2014). 7149: 7074: 7033: 6881: 6606: 6576: 6451: 6321: 6315: 6229: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6142: 6101: 5799: 5739: 5712:Kelly, Samantha Murphy (May 20, 2022). 5443: 5229: 4300: 3644:"Snared in the Web of a Knowledge Liar" 3609:John Seigenthaler (November 29, 2005). 3299: 3297: 3208: 3202: 3175: 3047:from the original on September 21, 2015 3014:from the original on September 10, 2016 2726:Knowledge:Why Knowledge is not so great 2369: 659:sidelines and jeer at its pretensions. 521:so that it contained several false and 216: 189:. 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I have resorted to it many times. 2191: 2075: 1685:Stoneman Douglas High School shooting 1668: 1430:Mass killings under communist regimes 947: 872:Iranian presidential election of 2009 378:Comparative study of science articles 307:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 10705:Carlos Bandeirense Mirandópolis hoax 10675:on the Arabic and Persian Wikipedias 10005: 9716:from the original on August 25, 2019 9664: 9522:from the original on August 28, 2008 9211:Spicuzza, Mary (February 13, 2008). 8850:Mehegan, David (February 12, 2006). 8816:Meyers, Peter (September 20, 2001). 8562:"Meta: Steward requests/Permissions" 8527: 8321: 8221: 8203:from the original on August 12, 2015 8191:Bennett, Alanna (January 24, 2015). 8094:Auerbach, David (February 5, 2015). 8068:from the original on August 26, 2015 8053: 7736:from the original on October 6, 2015 7722:Arthur, Charles (February 9, 2009). 7333:"Knowledge attacked over porn pages" 6848: 6634: 6322:Melamed, Samantha (March 26, 2015). 6303:from the original on October 1, 2015 6288:Browne, Marcus (February 12, 2008). 6167: 6102:Simpson, Craig (November 27, 2021). 6070: 5882:from the original on October 5, 2015 5818:from the original on August 28, 2008 5548: 5477:Annalisa Merelli (August 18, 2018). 5074:. 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Citizendium Blog. Archived from 8887:. Citizendium Blog. Archived from 8756:from the original on March 8, 2007 8724:from the original on March 4, 2007 7892:from the original on July 15, 2014 7791:. Infopackets.com. April 4, 2007. 7699:. February 9, 2006. Archived from 7312:from the original on June 25, 2018 7186:Einenkel, Walter (March 8, 2018). 7164:from the original on March 8, 2018 7093:from the original on March 9, 2018 7075:Brandom, Russell (March 6, 2018). 7036:"The adolescent cult of the AR-15" 6703:from the original on June 21, 2015 6585:from the original on July 18, 2015 6577:Gardner, Sue (February 19, 2011). 6336:from the original on March 4, 2016 5802:"Wikipropaganda On Global Warming" 5800:Solomon, Lawrence (July 8, 2008). 5563:from the original on June 21, 2009 5530:from the original on March 3, 2008 5444:Resnick, Brian (October 3, 2018). 5271:from the original on June 23, 2007 5238:from the original on June 16, 2007 5207:. No. 2007–06–16. p. 3. 4414:from the original on June 29, 2011 4345:from the original on July 31, 2016 4171:"Rewriting history under the dome" 4169:Lehmann, Evan (January 27, 2006). 4063:"Knowledge 'shows CIA page edits'" 3825:"A wickedly fun test of Knowledge" 3719:from the original on March 6, 2013 3542:"Knowledge study 'fatally flawed'" 3445: 3209:Vallely, Paul (October 10, 2006). 3190:from the original on April 6, 2019 2807: 1799:are entered on the connected site 1637:August 2014, Knowledge co-founder 1420:accused Knowledge of whitewashing 1117:Washington University in St. Louis 1000:American National Biography Online 984:American National Biography Online 964:In a 2006 mention of Jimmy Wales, 49: 11099: 10126: 9937:Kleeman, Jenny (March 25, 2007). 9885:from the original on July 1, 2014 9587:from the original on June 5, 2020 9508:Shankbone, David (June 7, 2008). 9443:Kleinz, Torsten (February 2005). 9363:"The battle for Knowledge's soul" 9331:"Knowledge approaches its limits" 9130:from the original on May 16, 2009 8989:Wolfson, Andrew (March 6, 2007). 8864:from the original on May 12, 2006 8542:from the original on May 29, 2009 7982:Paling, Emma (October 21, 2015). 7769:from the original on May 29, 2015 7446:from the original on May 23, 2018 7364:Raphael, JR (December 10, 2008). 7341:. 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July 9, 2005. 3731: 3698: 3668: 3635: 3611:"A false Knowledge 'biography'" 3566: 3534: 3484: 3390: 3356: 3268: 2690:List of Knowledge controversies 2553:scientist and digital theorist 2252:Knowledge Arbitration Committee 1284: 1103:magazine (London), philosopher 578:Knowledge:Core content policies 10100: 10006:Keen, Andrew (June 16, 2007). 9738:Lanier, Jaron (May 30, 2006). 7949:Wood, Mike (January 9, 2013). 7757:"Insider Editing at Knowledge" 6529:Justin Ward (March 12, 2018). 5769:Turner, Adam (March 5, 2007). 5290:Ivor Tossell (June 15, 2007). 5187:episode 3109. August 21, 2007. 3870:Mark Glaser (April 17, 2006). 3790:Paige, Cara (April 11, 2006). 3705:Dedman, Bill (March 3, 2007). 3397:Giles, J (December 22, 2005). 2759: 2343:World News with Charles Gibson 2265:, who left Knowledge to found 1522: 1392:In 2006, Knowledge co-founder 1311:, and has critics from across 775:In 2008, the pro-Israel group 309:'s official student handbook, 13: 1: 10661:Wikimedia Foundation actions 10172: 9773:. Corante.com. Archived from 9771:"Reactions to Digital Maoism" 9769:Shirky, Clay (June 7, 2006). 9510:"Nobody's Safe in Cyberspace" 9047:Cohen, Noam (March 5, 2007). 6005:Khimm, Suzy (June 18, 2012). 5940:; Zhu, Feng (March 1, 2016). 5017:Lerner, Ben (December 2023). 4831:Rosenzweig, Roy (June 2006). 3676:"Mistakes and hoaxes on-line" 3504:(7084): 582. March 30, 2006. 3072:American Behavioral Scientist 2742: 2685:Ideological bias on Knowledge 2545:" (first published online by 2488:Consensus and the "hive mind" 2324:Discussing the incident, the 2152:Lack of verifiable identities 1750:films found on its articles. 1537:as editors. The President of 1293:Ideological bias on Knowledge 843:Internet censorship in France 735:U.S. House of Representatives 551:Attempts to perpetrate hoaxes 169:The free online encyclopedia 84:secondary or tertiary sources 11025:List of online encyclopedias 11010:Knowledge for World Heritage 10786:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 10416:WikiConference North America 10244:deletionism and inclusionism 10197:Conflict-of-interest editing 9994:. Doubleday/Currency, 2007. 7640:"Public and Private Figures" 6689:Andrew Lih (June 20, 2015). 5839:"Knowledge Whacks the Right" 5519:The New York Review of Books 5394:"The Problem with Knowledge" 5352:10.1371/journal.pone.0289325 2964:Jemielniak, Dariusz (2014). 2737: 2357: 1771:girl. In December 2008, the 1582:reported on a researcher at 1261:ISI highly cited researchers 1171:Notability of article topics 665:Conflict-of-interest editing 7: 10979:Magna Carta (An Embroidery) 10791:Russian invasion of Ukraine 10574:Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight 10202:political editing incidents 9014:September 30, 2007, at the 8528:Metz, Cade (May 26, 2009). 6732:(Nov. 2010-April 2011) and 4643:J.D. Power Web Intelligence 4248:September 23, 2015, at the 3148:"Citing Electronic Sources" 3116:"Knowledge or Wickedpedia?" 2660: 2164:, a Knowledge editor and a 2090:. In an interview given to 1559:Southern Poverty Law Center 1061:, Jimmy Wales debated with 1019:Thomas Jefferson University 616:Central Intelligence Agency 426:The dissatisfaction of the 175:established volunteer users 10: 11104: 10041:Cambridge University Press 9837:"The Decline of Knowledge" 8996:Louisville Courier-Journal 8964:"Essjay's Wikia user page" 6882:Vitulli, Marie A. (2018). 6860:December 29, 2016, at the 6635:Dunn, Gaby (May 1, 2013). 2842:September 5, 2016, at the 2746: 2642: 2378: 2195: 2079: 1922: 1919:Conflict of interest cases 1901:Criticism of the community 1861:" in the eyes of the law. 1810: 1786:versions of the character 1731: 1598: 1584:Cleveland State University 1526: 1489:National or corporate bias 1326:ones, have suggested that 1322:U.S. commentators, mostly 1290: 1174: 1081: 975:Carnegie Mellon University 960:, a featured-class article 722: 575: 324: 305:. The 2014 edition of the 11038: 10958: 10917: 10876: 10833: 10803: 10756: 10690: 10637:Internet Watch Foundation 10610: 10601: 10465: 10429: 10393: 10316: 10305: 10180: 10039:243–267). Cambridge, UK: 9626:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385 8096:"The Knowledge Ouroboros" 5513:"The Charms of Knowledge" 5232:"The Art of Wikigroaning" 2972:Stanford University Press 2401:Palo Alto Research Center 2399:In 2008, a team from the 2313:) suggested that the new 1973:Unfair treatment of women 1773:Internet Watch Foundation 1678:Firearms-related articles 1139:, the editor-in-chief of 1078:Systemic bias in coverage 932:Tiananmen Square massacre 457:also said that while the 311:Academic Integrity at MIT 295:Knowledge or Wickedpedia? 10665:on the Chinese Knowledge 6829:South China Morning Post 6691:"Can Knowledge Survive?" 6581:(blog). suegardner.org. 5551:"Evicted from Knowledge" 5104:"Encyclopaedia Idiotica" 4366:"Your Wiki Entry Counts" 3219:. London. Archived from 3085:10.1177/0002764212469365 2791:. History News Network. 2716:Knowledge:Press coverage 2701:Reliability of Knowledge 2568:representative democracy 2432:, Knowledge contributor 1887:http://www.wikipedia.de/ 1691:, in February 2018. The 1601:Gender bias on Knowledge 1529:Racial bias on Knowledge 1324:politically conservative 1206:gender bias on Knowledge 1004:William Clarke Quantrill 973:In 2008, researchers at 849:On August 25, 2010, the 829:French National Assembly 669:Knowledge administrators 327:Reliability of Knowledge 225:is often questioned. In 95:"Criticism of Knowledge" 31:latest accepted revision 10736:Star Trek Into Darkness 10375:Wikipedian in residence 9992:The Cult of the Amateur 9824:(subscription required) 9806:The Wall Street Journal 9704:"Who Killed Knowledge?" 9318:(subscription required) 7587:10.1145/1316624.1316663 7338:Macquarie National News 6329:Philadelphia Daily News 5204:The Wall Street Journal 5149:10.1145/2505515.2505566 5071:The Wall Street Journal 4931:10.1145/2396761.2398703 4797:10.1145/1460563.1460572 3925:10.1145/3289600.3291018 3830:The News & Observer 2668:Censorship of Knowledge 2547:Edge: The Third Culture 2349:and the March 7, 2007, 2272:In late February 2007, 2222:Knowledge administrator 1992:In the online magazine 1893:http://de.wikipedia.org 1746:as well as photos from 1497:, a senior lecturer in 1462:The Heritage Foundation 1444:and therefore breaches 1241:U.S. immigration policy 1142:Encyclopædia Britannica 1131:' than it does on the ' 1067:Encyclopædia Britannica 1058:The Wall Street Journal 1049:The Wall Street Journal 943:Quality of presentation 654:, argued instead that: 446:acknowledged that some 436:Encyclopædia Britannica 428:Encyclopædia Britannica 416:Encyclopædia Britannica 411:Encyclopædia Britannica 350:Encyclopedia Britannica 321:Accuracy of information 11083:Criticism of Knowledge 10370:Wikimedian of the Year 10048:"Cyberpsych.Yeda.info" 9401:The New Zealand Herald 6743:(April - October 2011) 5292:"Duality of Knowledge" 5197:Brophy-Warren, Jamin. 5109:Times Higher Education 4272:(ASCE). Archived from 3954:Martin, Brian (2021). 2608: 2576: 2539: 2527: 2507: 2471: 2397: 2335: 2269: 2235: 2207: 2146: 2135:, Jovanović said that: 1825: 1824:of a Knowledge article 1813:Vandalism on Knowledge 1757:The Knowledge article 1614: 1595:Gender bias and sexism 1382:U.S. midterm elections 1270:, a candidate for the 1194:Nobel Prize in Physics 1100:Times Higher Education 961: 661: 505: 477:magazine rejected the 395: 360:told Zach Schwartz in 166: 71:relies excessively on 10331:Arbitration Committee 10076:MIT Technology Review 9842:MIT Technology Review 9702:(November 17, 2014). 8804:isn't happy about it. 8670:on February 25, 2006. 8234:on September 13, 2015 8021:(December 11, 2014). 7645:May 19, 2016, at the 7518:10.1145/985692.985765 7436:(November 20, 2015), 7345:on September 17, 2008 7011:on September 14, 2017 6739:June 5, 2016, at the 5199:"Oh, that John Locke" 4700:10.1353/jod.2020.0010 4473:. September 2, 2008. 4279:on September 10, 2008 3804:on September 30, 2007 3374:. December 15, 2005. 2643:Further information: 2639:Social stratification 2611:Excessive rule-making 2596: 2559: 2531: 2515: 2503: 2449: 2426:In a 2008 article in 2388: 2379:Further information: 2330: 2261:Knowledge co-founder 2260: 2244:Roman Catholic Church 2230: 2205: 2137: 2018:Gamergate controversy 2004:Gender Gap Task Force 1987:Arbitration Committee 1820: 1748:hardcore pornographic 1712:scientific journals. 1608: 1589:race and intelligence 1576:Race and intelligence 1466:American conservative 1065:, editor-in-chief of 955: 917:Church of Scientology 825:Hélène Mandroux-Colas 753:, a congressman from 656: 632:Australian government 588:neutral point of view 576:Further information: 527:Victor S. Johnson Jr. 503:Seigenthaler incident 496: 385: 348:, editor-in-chief of 211:social stratification 163: 11000:Wikimedia Foundation 10935:Google and Knowledge 10700:Alan MacMasters hoax 10406:WikiConference India 10239:Deletion of articles 10054:on November 27, 2012 9445:"World of Knowledge" 9159:. IDG News Service. 8507:"Arbitration Series" 8402:on September 1, 2019 8359:Wikimedia Foundation 8334:on February 17, 2015 7665:Agence France-Presse 7628:on December 1, 2008. 7564:(November 4, 2007). 7537:on November 11, 2018 7478:on February 14, 2021 7434:Patrick W. Galbraith 6155:on November 30, 2021 5627:Steinsson, Sverrir. 4687:Journal of Democracy 4203:. January 30, 2006. 3492:"Britannica attacks" 3372:Agence France-Presse 2706:Knowledge:Criticisms 2680:History of Knowledge 2495:, in an article for 2370:Criticism of process 2142:Knowledge in English 2039:s story. Reports in 1693:Wikimedia Foundation 1643:Wikimedia Foundation 1503:University of Sydney 1023:Physician Data Query 798:On August 31, 2008, 501:, the object of the 497:American journalist 355:Knowledge co-founder 278:Wikimedia Foundation 217:Criticism of content 10973:LGBTQ and Knowledge 10950:Science information 10930:Depths of Knowledge 10863:Listen to Knowledge 10083:(6). Archived from 9666:Hill, Benjamin Mako 9315:on August 20, 2007. 8782:The Washington Post 8263:The Washington Post 7996:on October 21, 2015 7828:on November 5, 2013 7703:on February 8, 2007 7442:, Hopes&Fears, 7371:The Washington Post 6637:"Does Sexism Lurk?" 6109:The Daily Telegraph 6012:The Washington Post 5986:on October 31, 2016 5851:on December 7, 2010 5634:The Washington Post 5343:2023PLoSO..1889325R 5234:. Something Awful. 5078:on January 15, 2016 4341:. August 14, 2008. 4308:The Daily Telegraph 4240:on October 6, 2015. 4181:on February 2, 2006 3973:10.22323/2.20020209 3510:2006Natur.440R.582. 3421:2005Natur.438..900G 3324:2005Natur.438..900G 3223:on October 24, 2006 2833:on August 14, 2011. 2773:. January 15, 2014. 2306:The Courier-Journal 2121:In 2013, Croatia's 2042:The Washington Post 1906:Role of Jimmy Wales 1878:Chaos Computer Club 1807:Exposure to vandals 1719:. Social scientist 1509:article, including 1277:The Washington Post 1192:before she won the 1153:, and the entry on 791:Israeli journalist 781:Electronic Intifada 675:Scientific disputes 404:, the results of a 258:undue-weight policy 229:(2010), journalist 221:The reliability of 179:factual reliability 21:Page version status 11015:Knowledge in India 11005:Wikimedia movement 10940:Health information 10824:Knowledge Monument 10817:Viola angustifolia 10720:Henryk Batuta hoax 10715:Essjay controversy 10569:Lisa Seitz-Gruwell 10509:Dariusz Jemielniak 10358:List of Wikipedias 9980:The New York Times 9668:(March 27, 2013). 9463:on October 2, 2015 9054:The New York Times 8823:The New York Times 7888:. March 28, 2007. 7762:The New York Times 7671:on October 6, 2007 6796:The New York Times 6760:The New York Times 6696:The New York Times 6614:The New York Times 6362:The New York Times 6212:, December 2, 2021 5400:on August 9, 2011. 5297:The Globe and Mail 5185:The Colbert Report 4645:. August 24, 2007. 4440:The New York Times 4407:The Jerusalem Post 3682:. April 15, 2006. 3649:The New York Times 3550:. March 24, 2006. 2787:(April 19, 2010). 2511:Benjamin Mako Hill 2509:Wikimedia advisor 2270: 2208: 2198:Essjay controversy 2192:Essjay controversy 2182:Conservative Party 2082:Croatian Knowledge 2076:Croatian Knowledge 1944:. You can help by 1826: 1717:skeptical movement 1669:Institutional bias 1663:WP:THREATENING2MEN 1615: 1567:white nationalists 1511:Venezuela Analysis 1416:In February 2021, 1387:Tea Party movement 1362:intelligent design 1268:Theresa Greenfield 1253:Essjay controversy 1110:freedom of thought 962: 948:Quality of writing 883:and the people of 801:The New York Times 648:, in a column for 604:Santa Fe Institute 506: 396: 274:Dariusz Jemielniak 167: 27: 11070: 11069: 10799: 10798: 10776:COVID-19 pandemic 10764:American politics 10725:Jar'Edo Wens hoax 10597: 10596: 10529:Ira Brad Matetsky 10514:Rebecca MacKinnon 10484:Florence Devouard 10000:978-0-385-52080-5 9700:Postril, Virginia 9515:The Brooklyn Rail 9371:. March 6, 2008. 8913:. Knowledge.org. 8752:. March 6, 2007. 8710:(March 2, 2007). 8489:"User Rights Log" 8172:on March 10, 2016 7596:978-1-59593-845-9 7123:. March 7, 2018. 6210:English Knowledge 5976:Greenstein, Shane 5938:Greenstein, Shane 5665:. The Slate Group 5183:Stephen Colbert. 5158:978-1-4503-2263-8 5023:Harper's Magazine 4865:on April 25, 2010 4845:(1): pp.117–146. 4806:978-1-60558-007-4 4398:Rettig Gur, Haviv 3934:978-1-4503-5940-5 3837:on March 20, 2007 3415:(7070): 900–901. 3318:(7070): 900–901. 2837:Author's own copy 2549:, May 30, 2006), 2541:In his article, " 2429:The Brooklyn Rail 2216:ran a feature by 2010:In January 2015, 1962: 1961: 1801:Wikimedia Commons 1705:energy psychology 1689:Parkland, Florida 1619:Knowledge editors 1551:Alejandro Murguía 1499:political economy 1442:original research 1411:Purdue University 1378:Rowan Scarborough 1332:English Knowledge 1156:Coronation Street 1147:Hurricane Frances 1115:Researchers from 1040:Harper's Magazine 928:Chinese Knowledge 837:Jean Louis Masson 821:Jean-Pierre Grand 703:greenhouse effect 699:William Connolley 689:neuropsychologist 545:Wellesley College 519:John Seigenthaler 499:John Seigenthaler 332:Not authoritative 156: 155: 148: 130: 39:29 September 2024 18: 11095: 11058: 11057: 11046: 11045: 10995:Wiki rabbit hole 10843:Academic studies 10811:274301 Knowledge 10608: 10607: 10504:Maryana Iskander 10479:Esra'a Al Shafei 10314: 10313: 10257:Ignore all rules 10167: 10160: 10153: 10144: 10143: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10112: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10087:on June 19, 2015 10063: 10061: 10059: 10050:. 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Archived from 4828: 4819: 4818: 4790: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4681: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4654: 4648: 4646: 4640: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4525:on July 21, 2011 4511: 4505: 4504: 4503:on May 16, 2008. 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4400:(May 16, 2010). 4394: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4298: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4278: 4267: 4258: 4252: 4241: 4236:. Archived from 4233:The Miami Herald 4223: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4177:. 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Archived from 3787: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3590:on March 6, 2016 3589: 3578: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3521: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3471: 3464: 3452: 3443: 3442: 3432: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3335: 3301: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3173: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3066: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 2997: 2986: 2985: 2961: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2938: 2927: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2853: 2847: 2834: 2829:. Archived from 2816: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2763: 2634: 2630: 2605: 2601: 2536: 2468: 2463:Ignore all rules 2394: 2351:Associated Press 2348: 2174:Knowledge Review 2127:Željko Jovanović 2065: 2038: 1966:Business Insider 1957: 1954: 1936: 1929: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1870:German Knowledge 1849:Privacy concerns 1752:Child protection 1535:people of colour 1454:Holocaust denial 1439: 1403:Shane Greenstein 1348:Lawrence Solomon 1199:women in science 1190:Donna Strickland 793:Haviv Rettig Gur 538:New York Senator 481:response with a 406:blind experiment 394: 276:, a steward for 249:"axe to grind". 151: 144: 140: 137: 131: 129: 88: 64: 56: 11103: 11102: 11098: 11097: 11096: 11094: 11093: 11092: 11073: 11072: 11071: 11066: 11034: 10990:Print Knowledge 10954: 10913: 10872: 10835: 10829: 10795: 10752: 10686: 10593: 10519:Katherine Maher 10467: 10461: 10425: 10389: 10308: 10301: 10289:Citation needed 10183: 10176: 10171: 10129: 10116: 10114: 10110: 10103: 10090: 10088: 10057: 10055: 10046: 10036: 10016: 10014: 9969: 9967:Further reading 9964: 9954: 9952: 9935: 9931: 9921: 9919: 9902: 9898: 9888: 9886: 9869: 9862: 9852: 9850: 9833: 9829: 9823: 9816: 9814: 9794: 9790: 9780: 9778: 9767: 9763: 9753: 9751: 9736: 9729: 9719: 9717: 9697: 9693: 9683: 9681: 9663: 9659: 9620:(12): pgad385. 9604: 9600: 9590: 9588: 9573: 9572: 9568: 9558: 9556: 9539: 9535: 9525: 9523: 9506: 9502: 9485: 9484: 9480: 9466: 9464: 9460: 9447: 9441: 9437: 9411: 9409: 9392: 9388: 9378: 9376: 9361: 9360: 9356: 9346: 9344: 9327: 9323: 9317: 9312: 9299: 9293: 9289: 9279: 9277: 9260: 9256: 9243: 9242: 9238: 9228: 9226: 9209: 9202: 9192: 9190: 9181: 9180: 9176: 9166: 9164: 9147: 9143: 9133: 9131: 9110: 9106: 9096: 9094: 9079: 9078: 9074: 9064: 9062: 9045: 9041: 9025: 9021: 9016:Wayback Machine 9001: 8999: 8987: 8983: 8973: 8971: 8962: 8961: 8957: 8947: 8945: 8934: 8930: 8920: 8918: 8909: 8908: 8904: 8894: 8892: 8881: 8877: 8867: 8865: 8848: 8844: 8833: 8831: 8814: 8810: 8796: 8794: 8773: 8769: 8759: 8757: 8742: 8741: 8737: 8727: 8725: 8705: 8701: 8691: 8689: 8680: 8679: 8675: 8658: 8657: 8653: 8641: 8639: 8622: 8618: 8608: 8606: 8598:The Independent 8589: 8585: 8575: 8573: 8560: 8559: 8555: 8545: 8543: 8526: 8522: 8505: 8504: 8500: 8487: 8486: 8482: 8472: 8470: 8462: 8461: 8452: 8445: 8441: 8431: 8429: 8428:on July 8, 2018 8420: 8419: 8415: 8405: 8403: 8390: 8389: 8378: 8368: 8366: 8351: 8347: 8337: 8335: 8320: 8316: 8306: 8304: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8254: 8247: 8237: 8235: 8220: 8216: 8206: 8204: 8189: 8185: 8175: 8173: 8156: 8152: 8142: 8140: 8125: 8121: 8111: 8109: 8092: 8081: 8071: 8069: 8052: 8048: 8038: 8036: 8019:Auerbach, David 8016: 8009: 7999: 7997: 7980: 7976: 7966: 7964: 7947: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7914: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7876: 7875: 7871: 7861: 7859: 7846: 7845: 7841: 7831: 7829: 7812: 7808: 7798: 7796: 7787: 7786: 7782: 7772: 7770: 7753: 7749: 7739: 7737: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7689: 7688: 7684: 7674: 7672: 7657: 7653: 7647:Wayback Machine 7637: 7633: 7618: 7611: 7603: 7597: 7581:. p. 259. 7570: 7554: 7550: 7540: 7538: 7534: 7528: 7501: 7495: 7491: 7481: 7479: 7462: 7458: 7449: 7447: 7430: 7426: 7417: 7415: 7398: 7391: 7381: 7379: 7362: 7358: 7348: 7346: 7329: 7325: 7315: 7313: 7296: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7263: 7259: 7250: 7249:their worldview 7241: 7239: 7222: 7218: 7205: 7203: 7184: 7180: 7167: 7165: 7148: 7144: 7130: 7128: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7096: 7094: 7073: 7069: 7060: 7051: 7049: 7032: 7028: 7014: 7012: 7001: 6997: 6987: 6985: 6984:. 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Former chair 2613: 2603: 2599: 2534: 2490: 2466: 2447:magazine, said: 2434:David Shankbone 2392: 2383: 2377: 2372: 2360: 2346: 2200: 2194: 2162:David Boothroyd 2159: 2154: 2084: 2078: 2064:"Five Horsemen" 2063: 2036: 1975: 1958: 1952: 1949: 1942:needs expansion 1927: 1921: 1908: 1903: 1891: 1885: 1881: 1851: 1815: 1809: 1736: 1730: 1701: 1680: 1671: 1648:Writing in the 1603: 1597: 1531: 1525: 1491: 1446:Knowledge rules 1437: 1353:National Review 1336:Andrew Schlafly 1295: 1287: 1226:Nicholson Baker 1183: 1173: 1125:Stephen Colbert 1094: 1080: 1053: 996:James McPherson 988:Abraham Lincoln 950: 945: 930:article on the 893: 727: 721: 677: 644:for Knowledge. 584: 574: 562:Gene Weingarten 555:Alan Mcilwraith 541:Hillary Clinton 491: 453:The editors of 430:editors led to 390: 380: 334: 329: 323: 252:In his article 219: 152: 141: 135: 132: 89: 87: 81: 77:primary sources 65: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 11101: 11091: 11090: 11085: 11068: 11067: 11065: 11064: 11052: 11039: 11036: 11035: 11033: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10975: 10970: 10962: 10960: 10956: 10955: 10953: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10921: 10919: 10915: 10914: 10912: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10899:Knowledge Zero 10896: 10891: 10886: 10880: 10878: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10870: 10868:Wikipediocracy 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10839: 10837: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10827: 10820: 10813: 10807: 10805: 10801: 10800: 10797: 10796: 10794: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10772: 10771: 10760: 10758: 10754: 10753: 10751: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10696: 10694: 10688: 10687: 10685: 10684: 10683: 10682: 10681: 10680: 10672: 10671: 10670: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10623: 10622: 10611: 10605: 10599: 10598: 10595: 10594: 10592: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10564:María Sefidari 10561: 10556: 10554:Annie Rauwerda 10551: 10546: 10544:Raju Narisetti 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10475: 10473: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10433: 10431: 10427: 10426: 10424: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10397: 10395: 10391: 10390: 10388: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10349: 10348: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10321:Administrators 10317: 10311: 10303: 10302: 10300: 10299: 10294: 10293: 10292: 10285: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10253: 10252: 10251: 10246: 10236: 10235: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10211: 10206: 10205: 10204: 10194: 10188: 10186: 10178: 10177: 10170: 10169: 10162: 10155: 10147: 10141: 10140: 10135: 10128: 10127:External links 10125: 10124: 10123: 10102: 10099: 10098: 10097: 10066: 10065: 10064: 10026: 10025: 10024: 9985: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9962: 9929: 9896: 9860: 9827: 9788: 9761: 9727: 9691: 9657: 9598: 9566: 9533: 9500: 9478: 9453:Linux Magazine 9435: 9386: 9354: 9321: 9287: 9254: 9236: 9200: 9174: 9141: 9104: 9072: 9039: 9033:The New Yorker 9019: 8981: 8955: 8928: 8902: 8875: 8842: 8808: 8767: 8735: 8699: 8673: 8660:"User: Essjay" 8651: 8616: 8583: 8553: 8520: 8498: 8480: 8450: 8439: 8413: 8376: 8345: 8314: 8281: 8245: 8214: 8183: 8165:Think Progress 8150: 8119: 8079: 8046: 8007: 7974: 7941: 7903: 7869: 7839: 7806: 7780: 7747: 7714: 7682: 7651: 7631: 7609: 7595: 7558:Terveen, Loren 7548: 7526: 7510:Visualizations 7489: 7456: 7424: 7389: 7356: 7323: 7290: 7257: 7216: 7178: 7142: 7108: 7067: 7026: 6995: 6967: 6909: 6896:(3): 331–332. 6874: 6847: 6814: 6778: 6745: 6721: 6699:. Washington. 6681: 6653: 6627: 6596: 6569: 6548: 6516: 6475: 6444: 6419:Cassano, Jay. 6411: 6380: 6347: 6314: 6280: 6252: 6222: 6197: 6166: 6135: 6091: 6063: 6030: 5997: 5967: 5929: 5893: 5862: 5829: 5792: 5761: 5732: 5704: 5676: 5647: 5619: 5574: 5541: 5502: 5469: 5436: 5403: 5384: 5315: 5282: 5249: 5222: 5189: 5176: 5157: 5127: 5089: 5054: 5028: 5009: 4981: 4970:. June 2, 2010 4953: 4939: 4909: 4881: 4820: 4805: 4769: 4741: 4713: 4694:(1): 124–137. 4676: 4649: 4627: 4600: 4569: 4536: 4506: 4488: 4471:Thaindian News 4458: 4425: 4389: 4356: 4326: 4290: 4253: 4218: 4192: 4161: 4143:The New Yorker 4119: 4086: 4053: 4020: 3987: 3941: 3933: 3893: 3862: 3848: 3815: 3782: 3756: 3730: 3697: 3667: 3634: 3601: 3565: 3533: 3483: 3444: 3389: 3355: 3293: 3267: 3234: 3201: 3165: 3139: 3121:Education Next 3106: 3058: 3025: 2987: 2980: 2951: 2913: 2881: 2848: 2806: 2776: 2757: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2671: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2640: 2637: 2612: 2609: 2489: 2486: 2441:David Auerbach 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2359: 2356: 2326:New York Times 2319:The New Yorker 2274:The New Yorker 2213:The New Yorker 2210:In July 2006, 2196:Main article: 2193: 2190: 2170:United Kingdom 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2077: 2074: 2000:David Auerbach 1974: 1971: 1960: 1959: 1939: 1937: 1923:Main article: 1920: 1917: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1874:Boris Floricic 1850: 1847: 1838:administrators 1811:Main article: 1808: 1805: 1729: 1728:Sexual content 1726: 1700: 1699:Skeptical bias 1697: 1679: 1676: 1670: 1667: 1599:Main article: 1596: 1593: 1539:Wikimedia D.C. 1527:Main article: 1524: 1521: 1490: 1487: 1434:anti-Communist 1358:global warming 1291:Main article: 1286: 1283: 1228:, critical of 1172: 1169: 1133:printing press 1079: 1076: 1052: 1046: 980:Roy Rosenzweig 949: 946: 944: 941: 892: 889: 866:Cyrus Cylinder 833:Prime Minister 720: 717: 708:The New Yorker 676: 673: 637:George W. Bush 573: 570: 490: 487: 379: 376: 346:Robert McHenry 333: 330: 325:Main article: 322: 319: 287:Aaron Halfaker 243:interest group 218: 215: 187:political bias 154: 153: 68: 66: 59: 50: 28: 22: 19: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11100: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11080: 11078: 11063: 11062: 11053: 11051: 11050: 11041: 11040: 11037: 11031: 11030:List of wikis 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10980: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10968: 10964: 10963: 10961: 10957: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10916: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10881: 10879: 10875: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10840: 10838: 10832: 10826: 10825: 10821: 10819: 10818: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10802: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10770: 10767: 10766: 10765: 10762: 10761: 10759: 10755: 10749: 10748:Zhemao hoaxes 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10692:Controversies 10689: 10678: 10677: 10676: 10673: 10668: 10667: 10666: 10663: 10662: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10621: 10618: 10617: 10616: 10613: 10612: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10600: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10579:Lila Tretikov 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10549:Steven Pruitt 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10524:Magnus Manske 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10499:James Heilman 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10464: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10434: 10432: 10428: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10398: 10396: 10392: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10365: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10347: 10344: 10343: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10318: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10309:(Wikipedians) 10304: 10298: 10295: 10291: 10290: 10286: 10284: 10283:Fact-checking 10281: 10280: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10258: 10254: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10241: 10240: 10237: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10203: 10200: 10199: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10189: 10187: 10185: 10179: 10175: 10168: 10163: 10161: 10156: 10154: 10149: 10148: 10145: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10130: 10109: 10105: 10104: 10086: 10082: 10078: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10053: 10049: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10034: 10030: 10027: 10013: 10009: 10004: 10003: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9986: 9982: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9970: 9950: 9946: 9945: 9940: 9933: 9917: 9913: 9912: 9907: 9900: 9884: 9880: 9879: 9874: 9867: 9865: 9848: 9844: 9843: 9838: 9831: 9812: 9808: 9807: 9802: 9798: 9797:Angwin, Julia 9792: 9776: 9772: 9765: 9749: 9745: 9741: 9734: 9732: 9715: 9711: 9710: 9705: 9701: 9695: 9679: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9661: 9653: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9619: 9615: 9614: 9609: 9602: 9586: 9582: 9581: 9576: 9570: 9554: 9550: 9549: 9544: 9537: 9521: 9517: 9516: 9511: 9504: 9496: 9492: 9488: 9482: 9475: 9459: 9455: 9454: 9446: 9439: 9432: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9407: 9403: 9402: 9397: 9390: 9374: 9370: 9369: 9368:The Economist 9364: 9358: 9342: 9338: 9337: 9332: 9325: 9311: 9307: 9306: 9298: 9291: 9275: 9271: 9270: 9265: 9258: 9250: 9246: 9240: 9224: 9221:. p. 2. 9220: 9219: 9214: 9207: 9205: 9188: 9184: 9178: 9162: 9158: 9157: 9152: 9145: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9120: 9115: 9108: 9092: 9088: 9087: 9082: 9076: 9060: 9056: 9055: 9050: 9043: 9036:. p. 24. 9035: 9034: 9029: 9023: 9017: 9013: 9010: 8998: 8997: 8992: 8985: 8974:September 19, 8969: 8966:. Wikia.com. 8965: 8959: 8943: 8939: 8932: 8916: 8912: 8906: 8890: 8886: 8879: 8863: 8859: 8858: 8853: 8846: 8829: 8825: 8824: 8819: 8812: 8805: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8783: 8778: 8771: 8755: 8751: 8750: 8745: 8739: 8723: 8719: 8718: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8687: 8683: 8677: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8655: 8637: 8633: 8632: 8627: 8620: 8604: 8600: 8599: 8594: 8587: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8557: 8541: 8537: 8536: 8531: 8524: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8502: 8494: 8490: 8484: 8473:September 13, 8469: 8465: 8459: 8457: 8455: 8448: 8443: 8427: 8423: 8417: 8406:September 13, 8401: 8397: 8393: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8349: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8318: 8302: 8298: 8297: 8292: 8285: 8269: 8265: 8264: 8259: 8252: 8250: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8218: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8187: 8171: 8167: 8166: 8161: 8154: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8123: 8107: 8103: 8102: 8097: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8067: 8063: 8062: 8057: 8050: 8034: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8020: 8014: 8012: 7995: 7991: 7990: 7985: 7978: 7962: 7958: 7957: 7952: 7945: 7929: 7925: 7924: 7919: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7891: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7873: 7857: 7853: 7852:Yahoo! Voices 7849: 7843: 7827: 7823: 7822: 7817: 7810: 7794: 7790: 7784: 7768: 7764: 7763: 7758: 7751: 7735: 7731: 7730: 7725: 7718: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7692: 7686: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7655: 7648: 7644: 7641: 7635: 7627: 7623: 7616: 7614: 7602: 7598: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7569: 7568: 7563: 7559: 7552: 7533: 7529: 7527:1-58113-702-8 7523: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7500: 7493: 7482:September 20, 7477: 7473: 7472: 7471:The Daily Dot 7467: 7460: 7445: 7441: 7440: 7435: 7428: 7413: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7396: 7394: 7377: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7360: 7344: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7327: 7311: 7307: 7306: 7301: 7294: 7278: 7274: 7273: 7268: 7261: 7254: 7237: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7220: 7213: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7182: 7175: 7163: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7146: 7139: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7112: 7105: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7083: 7078: 7071: 7064: 7047: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7030: 7023: 7010: 7006: 6999: 6983: 6982: 6977: 6971: 6963: 6957: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6919: 6913: 6904: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6885: 6878: 6871: 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4840: 4839: 4834: 4827: 4825: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4773: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4745: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4717: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4688: 4680: 4664: 4660: 4653: 4644: 4637: 4631: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4573: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4547: 4540: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4446: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4429: 4413: 4409: 4408: 4403: 4399: 4393: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4367: 4360: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4297: 4295: 4275: 4271: 4264: 4257: 4251: 4247: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4229: 4222: 4211:September 13, 4206: 4202: 4196: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4165: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4107: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4090: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4064: 4057: 4041: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4024: 4008: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3991: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3936: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3897: 3890: 3877: 3873: 3866: 3858: 3852: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3819: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3786: 3770: 3766: 3760: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3701: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3622: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3605: 3586: 3582: 3581:Press release 3575: 3569: 3553: 3549: 3548: 3543: 3537: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3493: 3487: 3468: 3461: 3459: 3451: 3449: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3402: 3393: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3307: 3300: 3298: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3238: 3222: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3205: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3172: 3170: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3117: 3110: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3065: 3063: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3036: 3029: 3018:September 18, 3013: 3009: 3008: 3003: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2983: 2981:9780804791205 2977: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2935: 2931: 2924: 2917: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2891: 2885: 2869: 2865: 2864: 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2178:sockpuppeting 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2149: 2145: 2143: 2136: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2125:at the time, 2124: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2083: 2073: 2070: 2061: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2043: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2029:ThinkProgress 2025: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2008: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1977: 1970: 1967: 1956: 1947: 1943: 1940:This section 1938: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1916: 1913: 1898: 1894: 1888: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1860: 1859:public figure 1855: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1760:Virgin Killer 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1735: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1675: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1653: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1623:systemic bias 1620: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1592: 1590: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1557:In 2018, the 1555: 1552: 1548: 1547:black history 1544: 1540: 1536: 1530: 1520: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1407:U.S. politics 1404: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1340:Conservapedia 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1301: 1297:According to 1294: 1289: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1214:Catalina Cruz 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1168: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1075: 1072: 1071:Lewis Mumford 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1050: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1028:The Economist 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 976: 971: 969: 968: 959: 954: 940: 937: 933: 929: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 888: 886: 882: 881:Old Testament 878: 875:cylinder, or 873: 868: 867: 862: 857: 854: 853: 847: 845: 844: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 802: 796: 794: 789: 786: 785:David Saranga 782: 778: 773: 771: 767: 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 739:Martin Meehan 736: 732: 726: 716: 714: 710: 709: 704: 700: 695: 693: 690: 686: 685:schizophrenia 682: 672: 670: 666: 660: 655: 653: 652: 647: 642: 638: 633: 629: 628:Diebold, Inc. 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 600: 598: 593: 589: 583: 579: 569: 567: 563: 558: 556: 552: 548: 546: 542: 539: 534: 532: 528: 524: 520: 515: 510: 504: 500: 495: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 424: 421: 417: 413: 412: 407: 403: 402: 393: 389: 384: 375: 373: 369: 365: 364: 359: 356: 351: 347: 343: 339: 328: 318: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 291: 288: 284: 279: 275: 271: 266: 264: 259: 255: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 214: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 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