1544:
752:
81:
642:
978:), the relationship between words in these pairs has become traditional. Where the abstract meaning has not commandeered the Church Slavonic word completely, the two words are often synonyms related to one another, much as Latin and native English words were related in the nineteenth century: one is archaic and characteristic of written high style, while the other is found in common speech.
1069:
813:
1082:. The same traditional Cyrillic alphabet as in Russian Synodal recension; however, there are differences in spelling because the Old Moscow recension reproduces an older state of orthography and grammar in general (before the 1650s). The most easily observable peculiarities of books in this recension are:
863:
has borrowed many words from Church
Slavonic. While both Russian and Church Slavonic are Slavic languages, some early Slavic sound combinations evolved differently in each branch. As a result, the borrowings into Russian are similar to native Russian words, but with South Slavic variances, e.g. (the
1630:
The
Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or "modernized" with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches, and it was in this school that glagolitic writing was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is
1047:
can traditionally be read as voiced fricative velar sound (just as in
Southern Russian dialects); however, occlusive (as in standard Russian pronunciation) is also possible and has been considered acceptable since the beginning of the 20th century. When unvoiced, it becomes ; this has influenced
1283:
to the local Slavic vernacular. Inflection tends to follow the ancient patterns with few simplifications. All original six verbal tenses, seven nominal cases, and three numbers are intact in most frequently used traditional texts (but in the newly composed texts, authors avoid most archaic
650:
678:). In recent centuries, however, Church Slavonic was fully replaced by local languages in the non-Slavic countries. Even in some of the Slavic Orthodox countries, the modern national language is now used for liturgical purposes to a greater or lesser extent.
1032:~ (the letter ё does not exist in Church Slavonic writing at all). This is also reflected in borrowings from Church Slavonic into Russian: in the following pairs the first word is Church Slavonic in origin, and the second is purely Russian: небо / нёбо (
1338:
The vocabulary and syntax, whether in scripture, liturgy, or church missives, are generally somewhat modernised in an attempt to increase comprehension. In particular, some of the ancient pronouns have been eliminated from the scripture (such as етеръ
667:, izvod), with essential distinctions between them in dictionary, spelling (even in writing systems), phonetics, and other aspects. The most widespread recension, Russian, has several local sub-dialects in turn, with slightly different pronunciations.
1197:
The variant differences are limited to the lack of certain sounds in
Serbian phonetics (there are no sounds corresponding to letters ы and щ, and in certain cases the palatalization is impossible to observe, e.g. ть is pronounced as т etc.).
824:); however, certain texts (mostly prayers) are printed in modern alphabets with the spelling adapted to rules of local languages (for example, in Russian/Ukrainian/Bulgarian/Serbian Cyrillic or in Hungarian/Slovak/Polish Latin).
848:
argued that Church
Slavonic was the so-called "high style" of Russian, during the nineteenth century within Russia, this point of view declined. Elements of Church Slavonic style may have survived longest in speech among the
1874:
839:
outside church services, members of the priesthood, poets, and the educated tended to slip its expressions into their speech. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it was gradually replaced by the
1132:(a method used in Austro-Hungary and Czechoslovakia) just contain the letter "i" for yat. Other distinctions reflect differences between palatalization rules of Ukrainian and Russian (for example,
569:
By the early 12th century, individual Slavic languages started to emerge, and the liturgical language was modified in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and orthography according to the local
1018:
in unstressed positions are always read as and ~ respectively (like in northern
Russian dialects), whereas in standard Russian pronunciation they have different allophones when unstressed.
1242:. Veglae, , 1917 (2nd ed.). XXXVI+76 p. (collection of liturgical texts in Glagolitic script, with a brief Church Slavonic grammar written in Latin language and Slavonic-Latin dictionary)
1059:
The adjective endings -аго/-его/-ого/-яго are pronounced as written (, , , ), whereas
Russian -его/-ого are pronounced with instead of (and with the reduction of unstressed vowels).
689:
According to the decision of the All-Russian Church
Council of 1917–1918, service in Russian or Ukrainian can be permitted in individual parishes when approved by church authorities.
1144:, etc. Another major difference is the use of Ґ in the Rusyn variant. Г is pronounced as h and Ґ is pronounced as G. For example, Blagosloveno is Blahosloveno in Rusyn variants.
1147:
Typographically, Serbian and
Ukrainian editions (when printed in traditional Cyrillic) are almost identical to the Russian ones. Certain visible distinctions may include:
681:
The
Russian Orthodox Church, which contains around half of all Orthodox believers, still holds its liturgies almost entirely in Church Slavonic. However, there exist
1158:
as a single character rather than two letters (for example, in letter-spacing or in combination with diacritical marks: in Russian editions, they are placed above
818:
The Russian recension of New Church Slavonic is the language of books since the second half of the 17th century. It generally uses traditional Cyrillic script (
670:
These various Church Slavonic recensions were used as a liturgical and literary language in all Orthodox countries north of the Mediterranean region during the
1103:
17:
1248:
Zagreb: Kršćanska sadašnjost, 1980 (The ISBN specified even at the publisher 978-953-151-721-5 is bad, causing a checksum error) (in Croatian Latin script)
356:
1343:"a certain (person, etc.)" → нѣкій in the Russian recension). Many, but not all, occurrences of the imperfect tense have been replaced with the perfect.
406:
In addition, Church Slavonic is used by some churches which consider themselves Orthodox but are not in communion with the Orthodox Church, such as the
734:
What follows is a list of modern recensions or dialects of Church Slavonic. For a list and descriptions of extinct recensions, see the article on the
723:
prepare and partly use translations to the languages of the local population, as Ukrainian, Belarusian, Romanian (in Moldova), Japanese, and Chinese.
2811:
1257:
Church Slavonic is in very limited use among Czech Catholics. The recension was developed by Vojtěch Tkadlčík in his editions of the Roman missal:
601:
scripts, etc.) eventually stabilized and their regularized forms were used by the scribes to produce new translations of liturgical material from
411:
1598:
1400:
1749:
1703:
1965:
1845:
396:
1284:
constructions and prefer variants that are closer to modern Russian syntax and are better understood by the Slavic-speaking people).
392:
2181:
2911:
1279:
Although the various recensions of Church Slavonic differ in some points, they share the tendency of approximating the original
2806:
1725:
1303:
continues to be applied with greater attention to the ancient etymology than it was in nineteenth-century Russian. The letters
1219:
This is in limited use among Croatian Catholics. Texts are printed in the Croatian Latin alphabet (with the addition of letter
727:
1346:
Miscellaneous other modernisations of classical formulae have taken place from time to time. For example, the opening of the
1683:
1654:
1375:
1136:
is always "soft" (palatalized) in Russian pronunciation and "hard" in the Ukrainian one), different pronunciation of letters
313:
1671:
2666:
1323:
are kept, as are the letter-based denotation of numerical values, the use of stress accents, and the abbreviations or
2906:
2901:
2684:
799:
1866:
781:
1644:
1385:
773:
380:
2039:
1982:
1582:
1380:
1125:
442:
303:
1958:
1390:
777:
434:
620:. Glagolitic has nowadays fallen out of use, though both scripts were used from the earliest attested period.
2916:
293:
222:
2801:
692:
Parishes serving ethnic minorities in Russia use (entirely or in part) the languages of those populations:
685:
which use other languages (where the main problem has been a lack of good translations). Examples include:
539:
511:
438:
388:
240:
1340:
2796:
2424:
1991:
1232:
1199:
625:
407:
1902:
1262:
Rimskyj misal slověnskym jazykem izvoljenijem Apostolskym za Arcibiskupiju Olomuckuju iskusa dělja izdan
2831:
2269:
1351:
1002:
996:
400:
368:
348:
1299:
are often replaced or altered in usage to the sixteenth- or seventeenth-century Russian pattern. The
2896:
2588:
1951:
1108:
A main difference between Russian and Ukrainian recension of Church Slavonic as well as the Russian "
352:
1543:
2628:
1878:
1602:
907:
762:
675:
287:
1202:
of Church Slavonic was gradually replaced by the Russian recension since the early 18th century.
2689:
2606:
2534:
2325:
2282:
1998:
1359:
766:
720:
578:
555:
527:
376:
372:
360:
344:
334:
131:
1700:
2526:
2459:
2454:
2419:
2378:
2149:
844:
in secular literature and was retained for use only in church. Although as late as the 1760s,
535:
364:
146:
136:
593:, Czech Church Slavonic, Slovak Church Slavonic in Latin script, Bulgarian Church Slavonic in
2719:
2673:
2598:
2576:
2491:
2480:
2288:
2260:
2239:
2050:
2005:
1908:
1846:
Old Church Slavonic and the Macedonian recension of the Church Slavonic language, Elka Ulchar
1354:, (искони бѣаше слово) "In the beginning was the Word", were set as "искони бѣ слово" in the
1304:
962:). Since the Russian Romantic era and the corpus of work of the great Russian authors (from
446:
1205:
Nowadays in Serbia, Church Slavonic is generally pronounced according to the Russian model.
629:(1483) in angular Glagolitic, followed shortly by five Cyrillic liturgical books printed in
558:
in the 9th century. The Cyrillic script and the liturgy in Old Church Slavonic, also called
2735:
2229:
2199:
2158:
2078:
1933:
The textbook of the Church Slavonic language "Literacy" - online version (with soundtrack).
1192:
1188:
384:
151:
1722:
8:
2836:
2745:
2544:
2511:
2412:
2402:
2371:
2171:
2058:
2021:
2010:
1578:
1437:
1419:
1395:
1280:
735:
697:
531:
484:
476:
262:
197:
180:
31:
1170:; also, when the first letter of a word is printed in different color, it is applied to
2407:
2344:
2319:
2166:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2087:
1021:
There should be no de-voicing of final consonants, although in practice there often is.
586:
2821:
1558:
1557:
Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020).
1268:
Rimskyj misal povelěnijem svjataho vselenskaho senma Vatikanskaho druhaho obnovljen...
730:, often use local languages: English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch, Portuguese, etc.
278:
2856:
2846:
2707:
2623:
2561:
2464:
2446:
2429:
2386:
2360:
2306:
2301:
2224:
2189:
2108:
2031:
1859:
1679:
1650:
975:
854:
845:
828:
617:
464:
2208:
1901:
309:
2841:
2777:
2581:
2295:
2246:
2234:
2219:
2098:
2093:
1974:
1312:
987:
860:
841:
693:
660:
515:
141:
102:
86:
2861:
2659:
2618:
2611:
2365:
2355:
2330:
2313:
2103:
2071:
2026:
1870:
1707:
1363:
1007:
547:
457:
340:
337:
201:
123:
1937:
1214:
2876:
2851:
2644:
2566:
2556:
2499:
2277:
2214:
2117:
1347:
1308:
1129:
1113:
713:
705:
613:
606:
594:
582:
426:
190:
98:
1649:. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge University Press. pp. 221–222.
2890:
2826:
2816:
2516:
2392:
2137:
2063:
1729:
1531:
1316:
1117:
1075:
1044:
1029:
1025:
1015:
967:
963:
850:
709:
701:
559:
492:
415:
827:
Before the eighteenth century, Church Slavonic was in wide use as a general
2434:
1735:
1355:
1331:
1121:
1109:
1011:
590:
480:
452:
In the past, Church Slavonic was also used by the Orthodox Churches in the
674:, even in places where the local population was not Slavic (especially in
655:
The Church Slavonic language is actually a set of at least four different
257:
2763:
2750:
1863:
971:
671:
602:
504:
2504:
1921:
479:, and is the continuation of the liturgical tradition introduced by two
2700:
2679:
2571:
1536:
1079:
598:
570:
543:
519:
419:
1924:
Transliteration tool for Church Slavonic including a virtual keyboard.
1891:
27:
Liturgical language of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Slavic countries
2725:
2551:
2539:
1720:
See the report of Fr. Theodore Lyudogovsky and Deacon Maxim Plyakin,
1563:
500:
453:
271:
250:
232:
214:
1932:
751:
630:
2770:
2694:
2652:
1943:
1916:
563:
551:
496:
321:
1816:
1790:
1764:
1723:
Liturgical languages of Slavic local churches: a current situation
456:
lands until the late 17th and early 18th centuries, as well as by
2757:
2713:
1940:(Unicode Technical Note no. 41), 2015-11-04, accessed 2023-01-04.
1320:
864:
first word in each pair is Russian, the second Church Slavonic):
656:
523:
317:
1246:
Rimski misal slavĕnskim jezikom: Čin misi s izbranimi misami...,
1599:"St. Clement of Ohrid Cathedral – About Saint Clement of Ohrid"
1295:
pattern, although the terminal ъ continues to be written. The
1292:
832:
682:
460:
80:
1628:. Boston: American Academy of Arts and Sciences. p. 179.
1556:
1482:
1467:
1452:
1430:
1325:
1128:
variants of Church Slavonic books printed in variants of the
957:
933:
908:
883:
819:
641:
488:
430:
986:
In Russia, Church Slavonic is pronounced in the same way as
1853:
1927:
1669:
320:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1300:
1296:
1288:
1224:
645:
An example of Russian Church Slavonic computer typography
491:, a principal town and religious and scholarly center of
1883:
1854:
Orthodox Christian Liturgical Texts in Church Slavonic
1366:
of 1751, still in use in the Russian Orthodox Church.
1151:
less frequent use of abbreviations in "nomina sacra";
951:
945:
927:
921:
901:
895:
877:
871:
70:
64:
58:
52:
1227:) or in Glagolitic script. Sample editions include:
612:
Attestation of Church Slavonic traditions appear in
391:. The language appears also in the services of the
1070:ru:Старомосковский извод церковнославянского языка
1240:Abecedarivm Palaeoslovenicvm in usvm glagolitarvm
2888:
1733:, 2009 (in Russian), and a draft of the article
1646:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
1097:
726:Parishes in the diaspora, including ones of the
1626:The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization
1350:, by tradition the first words written down by
1116:(ѣ). The Russian pronunciation is the same as
623:The first Church Slavonic printed book was the
814:ru:Синодальный извод церковнославянского языка
741:
499:). There the first Slavic translations of the
1959:
1892:Slavonic - the input tool for Church Slavonic
1739:, 2009 (also in Russian) of the same authors.
1672:"The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire"
1362:(1580/1581) and as въ началѣ бѣ слово in the
981:
939:
915:
889:
865:
585:script, Croatian Church Slavonic in Croatian
1642:
1401:Chinese characters for transcribing Slavonic
475:Church Slavonic represents a later stage of
30:For the first Slavic literary language, see
1701:Religion and Language in Post-Soviet Russia
780:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
546:. A major event was the development of the
1966:
1952:
1899:
1112:" lies in the pronunciation of the letter
399:, and occasionally in the services of the
397:American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese
79:
1596:
1511:(as it was called by its native speakers)
1074:The Old Moscow recension is in use among
800:Learn how and when to remove this message
609:in the case of Croatian Church Slavonic.
470:
393:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
1736:Liturgical languages in Slavia Orthodoxa
1678:. Oxford University Press. p. 100.
1291:is fully reflected, more or less to the
640:
1623:
1120:~ whereas the Ukrainian is the same as
1063:
314:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
2889:
2807:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony
1676:Oxford History of the Christian Church
1583:Studii de istorie economică și socială
1287:In Russian recension, the fall of the
1174:in Russian editions and to the entire
728:Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
1947:
1938:Church Slavonic Typography in Unicode
1903:"Slavonic Language and Liturgy"
1376:Outline of Slavic history and culture
1208:
1093:hyphenation with no hyphenation sign.
18:Croatian recension of Church Slavonic
1973:
1912:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1442:'Church-Slavonic language';
1274:
1182:
1102:Further information (in Ukrainian):
778:adding citations to reliable sources
745:
1884:Problems of computer implementation
1670:J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth (2010).
853:after the late-seventeenth century
651:ru:Изводы церковнославянского языка
573:usage. These modified varieties or
445:Greek Catholics, as well as by the
24:
1858:Bible in Church Slavonic language
1525:
1252:
1068:Further information (in Russian):
1048:the Russian pronunciation of Бог (
1010:in unstressed syllables. That is,
812:Further information (in Russian):
649:Further information (in Russian):
542:facilitated the conversion of the
25:
2928:
1900:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1839:
1750:"Rimski misal slavĕnskim jezikom"
1631:still used by the Orthodox Slavs.
1090:not only in the initial position,
449:(Croatian and Czech recensions).
1917:Church Slavonic Virtual Keyboard
1542:
857:in the Russian Orthodox Church.
750:
526:were of great importance to the
425:Church Slavonic is also used by
1809:
1783:
1767:Rimski misal slavĕnskim jezikom
1742:
1714:
1692:
1381:List of Slavic studies journals
835:. Although it was never spoken
581:, Ukrainian Church Slavonic in
577:(e.g. Serbian Church Slavonic,
2912:Christian liturgical languages
2667:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
1663:
1636:
1617:
1590:
1572:
1550:
1489:
1475:
1460:
1413:
1391:List of Glagolitic manuscripts
1200:The medieval Serbian recension
71:
65:
59:
53:
13:
1:
1928:Slavonic Computing Initiative
1518:
1098:Ukrainian and Rusyn recension
636:
487:, in the late 9th century in
263:Old Church Slavonic
2802:Slavic second palatalization
1711:(New York: Routledge, 2011).
1476:ⱌⰹⱃⱏⰽⱏⰲⱏⱀⱁⱄⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱐⱄⰽⱏⰹ ⱗⰸⱏⰻⰽⱏ
562:, were declared official in
540:conversion of the Bulgarians
512:Christianization of Bulgaria
412:Russian True Orthodox Church
72:ⱌⰹⱃⱏⰽⱏⰲⱏⱀⱁⱄⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱐⱄⰽⱏⰹ ⱗⰸⱏⰻⰽⱏ
7:
2797:Slavic first palatalization
1483:
1468:
1453:
1431:
1369:
1233:Missale Romanum Glagolitice
958:
952:
934:
928:
909:
902:
884:
878:
820:
742:Russian (Synodal) recension
659:(recensions or redactions;
626:Missale Romanum Glagolitice
408:Montenegrin Orthodox Church
381:Czech Republic and Slovakia
60:Церковнославѧ́нскїй Ѧ҆зы́къ
54:Црькъвьнословѣ́ньскъ ѩꙁꙑ́къ
10:
2933:
1459:Croatian Church Slavonic:
1432:crĭkŭvĭnoslověnĭskŭ językŭ
1352:Saints Cyril and Methodius
1212:
1186:
1178:in Serbian and Ukrainian).
1101:
1067:
982:Standard (Russian) variant
811:
648:
485:Saints Cyril and Methodius
422:also use Church Slavonic.
401:Orthodox Church in America
29:
2870:
2787:
2734:
2643:
2597:
2589:Slavic dialects of Greece
2525:
2490:
2479:
2445:
2343:
2268:
2259:
2198:
2180:
2157:
2148:
2049:
1981:
1817:"Review (in Croatian) of
1791:"Review (in Croatian) of
1624:Dvornik, Francis (1956).
1446:Церковнославѣньскїй ѧзыкъ
1445:
1444:Russian Church Slavonic:
1424:црькъвьнословѣньскъ ѩзыкъ
1423:
994:Church Slavonic features
946:
940:
922:
916:
896:
890:
872:
866:
664:
300:
286:
269:
248:
230:
212:
207:
187:
173:
120:
108:
94:
78:
51:
46:
41:
2907:Eastern Orthodox liturgy
2902:Church Slavonic language
1484:cirkevnoslověnskyj jazyk
1454:Cerkovnoslavěnskij jazyk
1406:
1386:List of Glagolitic books
990:, with some exceptions:
719:Autonomous parts of the
495:(located in present-day
1474:Czech Church Slavonic:
1469:crkavnoslověnskь jezikь
1036:), надежда / надёжный (
1006:, i.e., the absence of
721:Russian Orthodox Church
579:Russian Church Slavonic
556:Preslav Literary School
345:Eastern Orthodox Church
1752:. Kršćanska sadašnjost
1698:See Brian P. Bennett,
1461:ⱌⱃⰽⰲⰰⱀⱁⱄⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱄⰽⱜ ⰵⰸⰻⰽⱜ
646:
536:First Bulgarian Empire
528:Eastern Orthodox faith
471:Historical development
302:This article contains
66:ⱌⱃⰽⰲⰰⱀⱁⱄⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱄⰽⱜ ⰵⰸⰻⰽⱜ
2720:Taimyr Pidgin Russian
1909:Catholic Encyclopedia
1643:Florin Curta (2006).
1213:Further information:
1187:Further information:
644:
538:. The success of the
447:Roman Catholic Church
2917:Eastern South Slavic
1193:Medieval Serbian law
1189:Old Serbian language
1064:Old Moscow recension
774:improve this section
282: Church Slavic
152:Eastern South Slavic
2746:Pan-Slavic language
2545:Burgenland Croatian
2425:Marcho-Magdeburgian
2022:Old Church Slavonic
1579:Petre P. Panaitescu
1501:New Church Slavonic
1420:Old Church Slavonic
1396:Old Church Slavonic
1281:Old Church Slavonic
736:Old Church Slavonic
532:Old Church Slavonic
477:Old Church Slavonic
341:liturgical language
198:Glagolitic alphabet
181:Old Church Slavonic
32:Old Church Slavonic
2832:Illič-Svityč's law
2812:Monophthongization
2320:Camaldolese Slovak
2133:Canadian Ukrainian
1999:Up to Proto-Slavic
1992:Proto-Balto-Slavic
1869:2019-07-16 at the
1765:"German review of
1706:2013-02-25 at the
1209:Croatian recension
1176:⟨оу⟩
1156:⟨оу⟩
1104:uk:Київський ізвод
1088:⟨оу⟩
1038:nadežda / nadëžnyj
647:
587:angular Glagolitic
433:, for example the
89:in Church Slavonic
2884:
2883:
2877:extinct languages
2708:Solombala English
2639:
2638:
2562:Prekmurje Slovene
2475:
2474:
2255:
2254:
2109:Doukhobor Russian
2032:Glagolitic script
1685:978-0-19-161488-0
1656:978-0-521-81539-0
1540:(25th ed., 2022)
1505:New Church Slavic
1481:
1466:
1451:
1441:
1429:
1364:Elizabethan Bible
1275:Grammar and style
1221:⟨ě⟩
1183:Serbian recension
1172:⟨о⟩
1168:⟨у⟩
1164:⟨о⟩
1160:⟨у⟩
1154:treating digraph
1142:⟨щ⟩
1138:⟨г⟩
1134:⟨ч⟩
1086:using of digraph
1028:is never read as
829:literary language
810:
809:
802:
618:Glagolitic script
503:and liturgy from
465:Early Middle Ages
328:
327:
310:rendering support
306:phonetic symbols.
202:Cyrillic alphabet
16:(Redirected from
2924:
2897:Slavic languages
2778:Slavonic-Serbian
2629:Cieszyn Silesian
2500:Carpathian Rusyn
2488:
2487:
2266:
2265:
2155:
2154:
2040:Modern languages
1975:Slavic languages
1968:
1961:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1913:
1905:
1896:
1888:
1850:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1821:(Olomouc, 1992)"
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1795:(Olomouc, 1972)"
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1746:
1740:
1718:
1712:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1601:. Archived from
1594:
1588:
1587:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1529:
1512:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1480:romanized:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1465:romanized:
1464:
1462:
1456:
1450:romanized:
1449:
1447:
1436:
1434:
1428:romanized:
1427:
1425:
1417:
1342:
1222:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1089:
961:
955:
949:
948:
943:
942:
937:
931:
925:
924:
919:
918:
912:
905:
899:
898:
893:
892:
887:
881:
875:
874:
869:
868:
842:Russian language
823:
805:
798:
794:
791:
785:
754:
746:
666:
516:Clement of Ohrid
431:Slavic countries
296:
281:
260:
253:
244:
243:
235:
226:
225:
217:
193:
126:
103:Southeast Europe
87:Spiridon Psalter
83:
74:
73:
68:
67:
62:
61:
56:
55:
39:
38:
21:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2866:
2789:
2783:
2737:
2730:
2660:Bohemian Romani
2645:Mixed languages
2635:
2612:Pannonian Rusyn
2593:
2535:Banat Bulgarian
2521:
2483:
2471:
2441:
2339:
2331:Pannonian Rusyn
2251:
2194:
2176:
2144:
2104:Alaskan Russian
2079:Old Novgorodian
2072:Old East Slavic
2045:
2027:Cyrillic script
2017:Church Slavonic
1977:
1972:
1922:CyrAcademisator
1894:
1886:
1871:Wayback Machine
1849:(in Macedonian)
1848:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1719:
1715:
1708:Wayback Machine
1697:
1693:
1686:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1641:
1637:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1597:Aco Lukaroski.
1595:
1591:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1559:"Church Slavic"
1555:
1551:
1541:
1532:Church Slavonic
1530:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1494:
1490:
1473:
1458:
1443:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1372:
1277:
1264:. Olomouc 1972.
1255:
1253:Czech recension
1220:
1217:
1211:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1106:
1100:
1087:
1072:
1066:
1008:vowel reduction
984:
816:
806:
795:
789:
786:
771:
755:
744:
653:
639:
548:Cyrillic script
534:liturgy in the
473:
357:North Macedonia
331:Church Slavonic
308:Without proper
292:
277:
256:
249:
239:
238:
231:
221:
220:
213:
200:
194:
189:
183:
176:
169:
157:Church Slavonic
127:
124:Language family
122:
111:
110:Native speakers
90:
69:
63:
57:
42:Church Slavonic
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2930:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2882:
2881:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2857:Van Wijk's law
2854:
2852:Ruki sound law
2849:
2847:Pedersen's law
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2742:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2716:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2692:
2690:Romano-Serbian
2687:
2682:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2607:Eastern Slovak
2603:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2496:
2494:
2485:
2481:Microlanguages
2477:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2363:
2352:East Lechitic
2349:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2326:Eastern Slovak
2323:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2307:White Croatian
2304:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2283:Biblical Czech
2274:
2272:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2215:Serbo-Croatian
2212:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2091:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2014:
2002:
1995:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1914:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1840:External links
1838:
1835:
1834:
1808:
1782:
1741:
1728:2012-09-03 at
1713:
1691:
1684:
1662:
1655:
1635:
1616:
1605:on 16 May 2015
1589:
1571:
1549:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1495:Also known as
1488:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1348:Gospel of John
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1236:
1210:
1207:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1162:, not between
1152:
1130:Latin alphabet
1126:Greek Catholic
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1041:
1022:
1019:
983:
980:
808:
807:
758:
756:
749:
743:
740:
732:
731:
724:
717:
690:
638:
635:
614:Early Cyrillic
597:and Bulgarian
595:Early Cyrillic
583:Early Cyrillic
514:in 864, Saint
472:
469:
458:Roman Catholic
427:Greek Catholic
414:. The Russian
326:
325:
312:, you may see
298:
297:
290:
284:
283:
275:
267:
266:
254:
246:
245:
236:
228:
227:
218:
210:
209:
208:Language codes
205:
204:
195:
191:Writing system
188:
185:
184:
179:
177:
174:
171:
170:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
159:
130:
128:
121:
118:
117:
112:
109:
106:
105:
96:
92:
91:
85:Page from the
84:
76:
75:
49:
48:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2929:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2842:Meillet's law
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2658:20th century
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:Slavomolisano
2575:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2517:West Polesian
2515:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2460:Lower Sorbian
2458:
2456:
2455:Upper Sorbian
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2420:West Lechitic
2418:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2379:Middle Polish
2376:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:Slavomolisano
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2209:Alpine Slavic
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2138:Simple speech
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2064:Simple speech
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1822:
1820:
1819:Rimskyj misal
1812:
1796:
1794:
1793:Rimskyj misal
1786:
1770:
1768:
1751:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1730:archive.today
1727:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1632:
1627:
1620:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1586:(in Romanian)
1584:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:Church Slavic
1492:
1485:
1470:
1455:
1439:
1433:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1270:Olomouc 1992.
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:Ioseph Vais,
1237:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1216:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1194:
1190:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1092:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:Old Believers
1071:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:
999:
998:
993:
992:
991:
989:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
954:
936:
930:
913:
911:
904:
886:
880:
862:
858:
856:
852:
851:Old Believers
847:
843:
838:
834:
830:
825:
822:
815:
804:
801:
793:
783:
779:
775:
769:
768:
764:
759:This section
757:
753:
748:
747:
739:
737:
729:
725:
722:
718:
715:
714:Sakha (Yakut)
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
688:
687:
686:
684:
679:
677:
673:
668:
662:
658:
652:
643:
634:
632:
628:
627:
621:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:and later in
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
560:Old Bulgarian
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:Great Moravia
490:
486:
482:
478:
468:
466:
462:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
416:Old Believers
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
339:
336:
332:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
305:
299:
295:
291:
289:
285:
280:
276:
274:
273:
268:
264:
259:
255:
252:
247:
242:
237:
234:
229:
224:
219:
216:
211:
206:
203:
199:
196:
192:
186:
182:
178:
172:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
132:Indo-European
129:
125:
119:
116:
113:
107:
104:
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97:
93:
88:
82:
77:
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47:Church Slavic
45:
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33:
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2872:
2862:Winter's law
2822:Havlík's law
2776:
2769:
2762:
2718:
2706:
2699:
2674:Mednyj Aleut
2672:
2665:
2657:
2527:South Slavic
2484:and dialects
2391:
2377:
2370:
2318:
2294:
2289:Czechoslovak
2287:
2270:Czech-Slovak
2207:
2182:Transitional
2150:South Slavic
2086:
2077:
2070:
2038:
2016:
2006:Proto-Slavic
2004:
1997:
1990:
1907:
1895:(in Russian)
1887:(in Russian)
1860:(Wikisource)
1825:. Retrieved
1818:
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
1792:
1785:
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1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1744:
1734:
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1716:
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1603:the original
1592:
1574:
1562:
1552:
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1527:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1415:
1360:Ivan Fedorov
1356:Ostrog Bible
1345:
1337:
1332:nomina sacra
1330:
1324:
1286:
1278:
1267:
1261:
1256:
1245:
1239:
1231:
1218:
1215:Baška tablet
1204:
1196:
1146:
1110:Civil Script
1107:
1080:Co-Believers
1073:
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1049:
1037:
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772:Please help
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591:Latin script
574:
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481:Thessalonian
474:
451:
429:Churches in
424:
420:Co-Believers
405:
343:used by the
335:conservative
330:
329:
301:
288:Linguasphere
270:
156:
147:South Slavic
137:Balto-Slavic
114:
36:
2837:Ivšić's law
2764:Army Slavic
2751:Interslavic
2736:Constructed
2599:West Slavic
2492:East Slavic
2261:West Slavic
2230:Montenegrin
2051:East Slavic
1043:The letter
1034:nebo / nëbo
1024:The letter
672:Middle Ages
603:Koine Greek
507:were made.
505:Koine Greek
316:instead of
2891:Categories
2827:Hirt's law
2817:Dybo's law
2788:Historical
2701:Russenorsk
2680:Ponaschemu
2572:Shtokavian
2512:Podlachian
2413:Slovincian
2403:Pomeranian
2372:Old Polish
2172:Macedonian
2059:Belarusian
1756:16 October
1537:Ethnologue
1519:References
976:Dostoevsky
738:language.
637:Recensions
599:Glagolitic
575:recensions
571:vernacular
544:East Slavs
520:Saint Naum
510:After the
483:brothers,
361:Montenegro
261:(includes
175:Early form
2875:indicate
2790:phonology
2738:languages
2726:Trasianka
2552:Kajkavian
2540:Chakavian
2465:Schleifer
2408:Kashubian
2190:Torlakian
2167:Bulgarian
2123:Ukrainian
2088:Ruthenian
1879:(Android)
1564:Glottolog
935:goryaščiy
846:Lomonosov
821:poluustav
790:July 2023
761:does not
698:Mordvinic
633:in 1491.
501:Scripture
443:Ruthenian
272:Glottolog
251:ISO 639-3
233:ISO 639-2
215:ISO 639-1
2771:Iazychie
2695:Runglish
2653:Balachka
2624:Silesian
2582:Bunjevac
2430:Polabian
2387:Silesian
2366:dialects
2361:Masurian
2345:Lechitic
2302:Moravian
2225:Croatian
2128:dialects
2099:dialects
1875:(iPhone)
1867:Archived
1726:Archived
1704:Archived
1509:Slavonic
1507:or just
1370:See also
929:goryačiy
710:Keräşens
683:parishes
657:dialects
566:in 893.
564:Bulgaria
552:Bulgaria
530:and the
497:Slovakia
454:Romanian
435:Croatian
418:and the
410:and the
385:Slovenia
353:Bulgaria
322:Help:IPA
294:53-AAA-a
279:chur1257
2873:Italics
2758:Lydnevi
2714:Surzhyk
2447:Sorbian
2296:Knaanic
2247:Slovene
2235:Serbian
2220:Bosnian
2200:Western
2159:Eastern
2094:Russian
1983:History
1823:. Slovo
1797:. Slovo
1771:. Slovo
1609:5 March
1440:
1341:/jeter/
1321:izhitsa
1293:Russian
1003:yekanye
988:Russian
972:Tolstoy
968:Chekhov
959:roždat’
947:рождать
923:горящий
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861:Russian
782:removed
767:sources
694:Chuvash
676:Romania
661:Russian
554:at the
524:Preslav
463:in the
389:Croatia
369:Ukraine
349:Belarus
333:is the
318:Unicode
99:Eastern
2685:Quelia
2567:Resian
2356:Polish
2314:Slovak
2011:Accent
1827:4 June
1801:4 June
1775:4 June
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1319:, and
997:okanye
974:, and
953:rožat’
941:рожать
879:zoloto
867:золото
855:schism
837:per se
833:Russia
716:, etc.
631:Kraków
461:Croats
439:Slovak
395:, the
379:, the
377:Serbia
373:Russia
365:Poland
338:Slavic
142:Slavic
95:Region
2619:Goral
2557:Pomak
2505:Lemko
2278:Czech
2118:Rusyn
1864:(PDF)
1407:Notes
1326:titla
1313:omega
1297:yuses
1052:) as
964:Gogol
903:gorod
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873:злато
708:(for
706:Tatar
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607:Latin
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