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716:), which was founded in 1965 to carry out the tunnel project. The Hong Kong government participated to 20% in order not to fully hand over their influence on the project. The tunnel was designed with two lanes for each direction of travel for a capacity of 80,000 vehicles. The project was structurally managed jointly by the British engineering firms Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick & Partners and Freeman Fox & Partners. The tunnel links the main financial and commercial districts on both sides of
34:
1213:
245:
744:. The toll plaza is located at the Hung Hom end of the tunnel, and has 14 toll booths. It provides the first road link and the first link for land transport between Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. Prior to the opening of the tunnel, cross-harbour vehicular traffic depended on ferries and for passengers, the
765:
Construction began in
September 1969 and was to last four years. The concession period ran from the start of construction, and the operator accordingly completed the construction one year faster than planned. On 2 August 1972, the tunnel was opened for traffic, charging HK$ 5 per car crossing. After
697:
The Hong Kong government used the operator model "Build
Operate Transfer", or "BOT", for the implementation of the tunnel project; Financing and construction was the responsibility of a private enterprise, which was granted a concession to operate and collect tolls for 30 years. The concession was
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779:
until August 1999, when the operation franchise agreement expired and the government assumed control. From 1 November 2010, the tunnel was managed, operated and maintained by
769:
In 1984, the Hong Kong
Government introduced a tax in addition to the operator's toll to make the overcrowded tunnel less priced. The price for a car transit was now HK$ 10.
681:
in 1999 upon termination of the franchise. It has become one of the most congested roads in Hong Kong and the world, with 116,753 vehicles passing through it daily in 2013.
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on a contract basis. The tunnel was then operated by Chun Wo Tunnel
Management Limited, which was awarded a contract lasting from 2016 to 2022. On 1 November 2022,
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http://scottwilsonscotlandhistory.co.uk/Appendix%201%20Mainly%20Projects/SW%20History%20Doc%2013%20Appx%201%20HK%20Cross-Harbour%20Tunnel%20Opening%201972.pdf
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In 1993, an electronic toll collection system was installed. Together with measures to control the flow of traffic, the vehicle capacity could be increased.
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662:) is the first tunnel in Hong Kong built underwater. It consists of two steel road tunnels each with two lanes constructed using the single shell
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As it happened: Hong Kong protesters set Cross-Harbour Tunnel tollbooth alight again as tear gas fired in Kwai Chung and Yuen Long
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1029:. United States Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration. Updated: 4 May 2011. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
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are no longer be accepted for payment, and the toll booths have been removed from the entrances of the tunnel
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1934:
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Technical Manual for Design and
Construction of Road Tunnels – Civil Elements Chapter 11 – Immersed Tunnels
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set roadblocks across the northern tunnel entrance and set fire to tollbooths, as many roads around the
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just three and a half years of operation, the operator had recouped the construction costs.
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Entirely in the New
Territories, but all access roads on one side pass through New Kowloon.
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4 lanes (2 lanes per direction) in road tunnel with 3 lanes per direction on exit
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1107:"Consultancy Study on Rationalising the Utilisation of Road Harbour Crossings"
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2010:
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Cross-Harbour Tunnel was completely suspended during protest in
November 2019
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2015:
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The tunnel generates approximately HK$ 700 million in annual toll revenue.
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were blocked, leading to the closure of the tunnel for a dozen of days.
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1911:
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The Hong Kong Cross-Harbour tunnel (Figure 11-3 and Figure 11-12).
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50 kilometres per hour (31 mph) (exit and entrance to tunnel)
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1040:"Drivers facing three more years of jams in Cross-Harbour Tunnel"
737:
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952:
As of 2018, there are 44 bus routes passing through the tunnel.
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For the proposed tunnel between New York and New Jersey, see
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List of bus routes in Hong Kong § Cross-Harbour Tunnel
371:
1156:"Govt calls on drivers to apply for new e-toll tag - RTHK"
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In 2023, manual toll collectors have been phased out with
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given to the then Cross-Harbour Tunnel
Company Limited (
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70 kilometres per hour (43 mph) (within tunnel)
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787:took over from Chun Wo Tunnel Management Limited.
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
921:Source: Consultancy report, Transport Department
2454:
1631:Hong Kong Strategic Route and Exit Number System
1477:Tuen Mun–Chek Lap Kok Link (Northern Connection)
1109:. Wilbur Smith Associates Limited, November 2010
732:), with a reclaimed site on the western side of
1097:, 13 November 2019, retrieved 15 November 2019.
1838:
1388:Eagle's Nest Tunnel and Sha Tin Heights Tunnel
1761:
1615:
1505:indicate that a tunnel is under construction.
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1851:Rambler Channel Bridge (Cheung Tsing Bridge)
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16:Tunnel crossing Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong
2281:Western District Public Cargo Working Area
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118:Learn how and when to remove this message
1796:Vehicular harbour crossings in Hong Kong
1002:List of tunnels and bridges in Hong Kong
997:Vehicular harbour crossings in Hong Kong
969:Cross-Harbour tunnel entrance seen from
688:
671:vehicular harbour crossings in Hong Kong
1861:Rambler Channel Bridge (railway bridge)
1120:"Time-varying Toll Plans Summary Table"
1074:
1072:
750:Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick & Partners
2455:
748:. The project was joint-engineered by
2140:Society for Protection of the Harbour
1749:
1603:
1516:
1236:
1136:from the original on 24 November 2023
985:Inside the Kowloon-bound tunnel, 2013
920:
821:
1775:
1069:
777:The Cross-Harbour Tunnel Company Ltd
56:adding citations to reliable sources
27:
2135:Protection of the Harbour Ordinance
800:, set its main plot in the tunnel.
677:model, and the title passed to the
13:
2498:Immersed tube tunnels in Hong Kong
1100:
724:(a former island now connected to
708:the Cross-Harbour Holdings Limited
14:
2519:
1940:Central and Wan Chai Reclamations
1177:
333:Chun Wo Tunnel Management Limited
2503:1972 establishments in Hong Kong
1908:(formerly New World First Ferry)
1211:
1190:) , c/o University of Hong Kong.
1079:"Transport–Cross-Harbour Tunnel"
978:
962:
243:
136:
32:
1569:Fourth Railway Harbour Crossing
1494:
1488:
1264:Major road tunnels in Hong Kong
790:The 2017 Hong Kong action film
633:
619:
505:
491:
43:needs additional citations for
2256:Stonecutters Island Naval Base
2171:Kwai Tsing Container Terminals
2161:Hong Kong–Macau Ferry Terminal
2156:Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal
1286:Central–Wan Chai Bypass Tunnel
1148:
1112:
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1032:
1019:
712:
703:
598:
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470:
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367:
362:1.86 kilometres (1.16 mi)
1:
2417:Harbour Area Treatment Scheme
2377:Tsim Sha Tsui East Ferry Pier
1935:Praya East Reclamation Scheme
1830:Airport Railway immersed tube
1528:
1012:
919:
1820:Tsuen Wan line immersed tube
1408:Tseung Kwan O–Lam Tin Tunnel
1184:Cross-Harbour Tunnel By-laws
941:
669:It is the earliest of three
634:Hung4ham3 Hoi2dai2 Seoi6dou6
559:Hung4ham3 Hoi2dai2 Seoi6dou6
7:
2352:Outlying Islands Ferry Pier
1495:
1489:
990:
742:Hong Kong Technical College
10:
2524:
2312:Edinburgh Place Ferry Pier
2261:Tong Shui Road Public Pier
1901:Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry
1791:Victoria Harbour crossings
1662:Wong Nai Chung Gap Flyover
955:
945:
901:Heavy goods vehicle (HGV)
881:Light goods vehicle (LGV)
684:
142:Entrance to the tunnel in
18:
2508:Toll tunnels in Hong Kong
2493:Tunnels completed in 1972
2463:Road tunnels in Hong Kong
2399:
2289:
2191:
2184:
2148:
2117:
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1948:
1920:
1883:
1846:Duplicate Tsing Yi Bridge
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620:Hùhngham Hóidái Seuihdouh
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2483:Undersea tunnels in Asia
2367:Tai Koo Shing Ferry Pier
2266:Tsim Sha Tsui Ferry Pier
1930:Praya Reclamation Scheme
1825:Western Harbour Crossing
1815:Eastern Harbour Crossing
1518:Tunnel crossings of the
1319:Western Harbour Crossing
1314:Eastern Harbour Crossing
1094:South China Morning Post
1044:South China Morning Post
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
523:Traditional Chinese
517:Alternative Chinese name
21:Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel
2422:Island Eastern Corridor
2362:Tai Kok Tsui Ferry Pier
2357:Sham Shui Po Ferry Pier
2347:Ngau Tau Kok Ferry Pier
2221:Kowloon City Ferry Pier
2166:Kai Tak Cruise Terminal
1804:Sha Tin to Central Link
814:
775:It was administered by
537:Simplified Chinese
2332:Lung Tsun Stone Bridge
2327:Jordan Road Ferry Pier
2246:North Point Ferry Pier
2241:Ma Tau Kok Public Pier
1701:Princess Margaret Road
809:Polytechnic University
694:
675:build–operate–transfer
571:Hung Hom seabed tunnel
307:; 52 years ago
204:22.29139°N 114.18222°E
67:"Cross-Harbour Tunnel"
2322:Ice House Street Pier
2251:Sai Wan Ho Ferry Pier
2236:Kwun Tong Public Pier
1716:Lion Rock Tunnel Road
1711:Waterloo Road Flyover
1343:Central Kowloon Route
692:
2407:A Symphony of Lights
2307:City Hall Ferry Pier
2231:Kwun Tong Ferry Pier
1810:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
1684:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
1679:Wan Chai Interchange
1558:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
1442:Discovery Bay Tunnel
1403:Tseung Kwan O Tunnel
1309:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
1217:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
1127:Transport Department
805:Hong Kong protesters
679:Hong Kong government
652:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
599:Hóngkàn Hǎidǐ Suìdào
399:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
324:Hong Kong Government
215:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
131:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
52:improve this article
2488:Route 1 (Hong Kong)
2387:Yaumatei Ferry Pier
2342:Mong Kok Ferry Pier
2302:Chai Wan Ferry Pier
2226:Kowloon Public Pier
2216:Hung Hom Ferry Pier
2211:Government Dockyard
2051:Stonecutters Island
1652:Wong Chuk Hang Road
1647:Aberdeen Praya Road
1437:Cheung Tsing Tunnel
1398:Tate's Cairn Tunnel
1350:Cha Kwo Ling Tunnel
209:22.29139; 114.18222
199: /
132:
2432:Lai Chi Kok Bridge
2337:Mei Foo Ferry Pier
1866:Tsing Tsuen Bridge
1674:Canal Road Flyover
1457:Scenic Hill Tunnel
1432:Cheung Shan Tunnel
1201:Canal Road Flyover
1046:. 19 February 2014
836:From 23 July 2023
803:In November 2019,
695:
506:Hoi2dai2 Seoi6dou6
431:Hoi2dai2 Seoi6dou6
305:2 August 1972
290:Canal Road Flyover
130:
2450:
2449:
2442:Port of Hong Kong
2437:Marine Department
2395:
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1879:
1878:
1743:
1742:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1581:Exhibition Centre
1510:
1509:
1462:Shing Mun Tunnels
1231:
1230:
1221:Succeeded by
1208:Hong Kong Route 1
1188:Laws of Hong Kong
925:
924:
648:
647:
640:
639:
614:Yale Romanization
586:Standard Mandarin
512:
511:
486:Yale Romanization
458:Standard Mandarin
394:
393:
150:in September 2012
128:
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102:
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2478:Victoria Harbour
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2084:Gin Drinkers Bay
2071:Typhoon shelters
1976:Gin Drinkers Bay
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1777:Victoria Harbour
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1728:Lion Rock Tunnel
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1520:Victoria Harbour
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1447:Lung Shan Tunnel
1393:Lion Rock Tunnel
1301:Victoria Harbour
1273:Hong Kong Island
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1197:Preceded by
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973:, November 2022.
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718:Victoria Harbour
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346:Vehicles per day
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2427:Kai Tak Airport
2412:Avenue of Stars
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2204:Star Ferry Pier
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2125:Lyemun Barracks
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2041:Rambler Channel
1991:Hoi Sham Island
1944:
1916:
1891:Coral Sea Ferry
1884:Ferry operators
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1871:Tsing Yi Bridge
1856:Ting Kau Bridge
1839:Rambler Channel
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1784:Fixed crossings
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1689:Hong Chong Road
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1657:Aberdeen Tunnel
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1419:New Territories
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1380:New Territories
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1281:Aberdeen Tunnel
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1225:Hong Chong Road
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1186:(chapter 2301,
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824:Initial (1972)
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568:Literal meaning
440:Literal meaning
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381:Operating speed
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279:Kellet Island,
265:Hong Chong Road
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2271:Tsuen Wan Pier
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2176:Ocean Terminal
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2001:Kellett Island
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1577:East Rail line
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1543:Tsuen Wan line
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1467:Tai Lam Tunnel
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2011:Kowloon Point
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63:Find sources:
57:
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41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
26:
22:
2473:Causeway Bay
2400:Other topics
2317:Fenwick Pier
2118:Conservation
2099:Shau Kei Wan
2094:Sam Ka Tsuen
2079:Causeway Bay
2036:Quarry Point
2016:Kowloon Rock
1996:Hung Hom Bay
1986:Green Island
1971:Channel Rock
1966:Causeway Bay
1922:Reclamations
1809:
1802:
1735:Sha Tin Road
1683:
1567:
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1496:
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1199:
1187:
1163:. Retrieved
1160:news.rthk.hk
1159:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1126:
1114:
1102:
1092:
1085:
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1043:
1034:
1021:
971:Causeway Bay
951:
929:
926:
841:Private car
802:
791:
789:
774:
771:
768:
764:
734:Hung Hom Bay
696:
668:
659:
655:
651:
649:
593:Hanyu Pinyin
471:Hǎidǐ Suìdào
465:Hanyu Pinyin
281:Causeway Bay
256:Hung Hom Bay
170:Hung Hom Bay
114:
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
2382:United Pier
2130:Lyemun Fort
2046:Rumsey Rock
2026:North Point
2021:Lei Yue Mun
2006:Kowloon Bay
1961:Belcher Bay
1956:A Kung Ngam
1719: [
1692: [
1665: [
1374:New Kowloon
1334:New Kowloon
1007:Megaproject
796:, starring
740:, off then
730:reclamation
207: /
194:114°10′56″E
181:Coordinates
108:August 2011
2457:Categories
2297:Blake Pier
2109:Yau Ma Tei
2104:To Kwa Wan
2061:West Point
2031:Quarry Bay
1981:East Point
1912:Star Ferry
1013:References
833:From 1999
830:From 1992
827:From 1984
793:Shock Wave
746:Star Ferry
312:1972-08-02
213: (
191:22°17′29″N
168:, between
78:newspapers
2372:HMS Tamar
2089:Kwun Tong
1949:Geography
1906:Sun Ferry
1547:Admiralty
1296:Crossings
1050:28 August
942:Transport
706:), today
354:Technical
341:Vehicular
297:Operation
263:(between
2468:Hung Hom
1587:stations
1585:Hung Hom
1579:between
1553:stations
1545:between
1372:Between
1165:23 April
1140:1 August
1131:Archived
991:See also
798:Andy Lau
713:港通控股有限公司
704:香港隧道有限公司
666:method.
628:Jyutping
555:Jyutping
500:Jyutping
427:Jyutping
330:Operator
239:Part of
164:Beneath
161:Location
156:Overview
144:Hung Hom
2192:Current
1639:Route 1
1503:Italics
1417:In the
1330:Kowloon
956:Gallery
932:HKeToll
754:Freeman
738:Kowloon
700:Chinese
685:History
409:Chinese
349:116,754
338:Traffic
310: (
260:Kowloon
241:Route 1
148:Kowloon
92:scholar
2290:Former
702::
543:红磡海底隧道
529:紅磡海底隧道
359:Length
302:Opened
236:System
231:Active
228:Status
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
2185:Piers
1723:]
1696:]
1669:]
1487:α. ^
1134:(PDF)
1123:(PDF)
916:$ 70
913:$ 30
910:$ 30
907:$ 25
904:$ 20
896:$ 50
893:$ 15
890:$ 15
887:$ 15
884:$ 10
876:$ 25
873:$ 10
870:$ 10
867:$ 10
861:Taxi
856:$ 30
853:$ 20
850:$ 10
847:$ 10
785:Serco
781:Serco
372:lanes
320:Owner
252:Start
99:JSTOR
85:books
1583:and
1564:East
1549:and
1533:West
1378:the
1332:and
1167:2023
1142:2024
1052:2014
864:$ 5
844:$ 5
815:Fees
752:and
650:The
415:海底隧道
267:and
172:and
71:news
1667:yue
1574:MTR
1540:MTR
1376:and
1328:In
1271:On
757:Fox
728:by
660:XHT
658:or
656:CHT
370:of
368:No.
276:End
54:by
2459::
1721:zh
1694:zh
1298:of
1158:.
1129:.
1125:.
1071:^
1042:.
762:.
736:,
283:,
258:,
146:,
1769:e
1762:t
1755:v
1623:e
1616:t
1609:v
1256:e
1249:t
1242:v
1169:.
1144:.
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710:(
314:)
292:)
288:(
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217:)
121:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
96:·
89:·
82:·
75:·
48:.
23:.
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