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Cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding

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channels as well as the audio samples on even or odd-number instants within the interleaving scheme, provide the error concealment ability, and the multitude of interleave structures used on the CD makes it possible to correct and detect errors with a relatively low amount of redundancy.
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up to 4000 data bits in sequence (2.5 mm in length as seen on CD surface) and compensates for error bursts up to 12,000 bits (7.5 mm) that may be caused by minor scratches.
120:(CDs) are a combination of random and burst errors. In order to alleviate the strain on the error control code, some form of interleaving is required. The CD system employs two 17: 252: 181: 230: 107:
Room for future introduction of four audio channels without major changes in the format (as of 2024, this has not been implemented).
272: 214: 51: 125: 203:(12 October 1999). "Reed–Solomon Codes and the Compact Disc". In Stephen B. Wicker, Vijay K. Bhargava (ed.). 152: 177: 277: 204: 65: 147: 99: 8: 129: 246: 210: 43: 266: 92: 142: 117: 31: 200: 186: Inventors: Odaka K., Sako Y., Iwamoto I., Doi T.; Vries L.B.; SONY: 121: 73: 54: 157: 68:
are specifically useful in combating mixtures of random and burst
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Simple decoder strategy possible with reasonably-sized external
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In case the burst correction capability is exceeded,
233:. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018 231:"Stan Hanley, Reed-Solomon Codes and CD Encoding" 193: 264: 251:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 199: 27:Error-correcting codes used on compact discs 188:Error correctable data transmission method 209:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 41–59. 206:Reed-Solomon Codes and Their Applications 95:may provide concealment by approximation 14: 265: 190:(CIRC Patent) filing date May 21, 1980 18:Cross-interleaved Reed-Solomon coding 36:cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon code 24: 79: 25: 289: 85:High random error correctability 46:. CIRC adds to every three data 128:. Judicious positioning of the 88:Long burst error correctability 42:) provides error detection and 273:Error detection and correction 223: 170: 124:Reed–Solomon codes, which are 13: 1: 163: 111: 7: 136: 60: 10: 294: 153:Parity (telecommunication) 126:interleaved cross-wise 148:Parity (mathematics) 104:Very high efficiency 100:random access memory 66:Reed–Solomon codes 216:978-0-7803-5391-6 16:(Redirected from 285: 257: 256: 250: 242: 240: 238: 227: 221: 220: 197: 191: 185: 184: 180: 174: 116:Errors found in 72:. CIRC corrects 44:error correction 21: 293: 292: 288: 287: 286: 284: 283: 282: 263: 262: 261: 260: 244: 243: 236: 234: 229: 228: 224: 217: 198: 194: 182: 176: 175: 171: 166: 139: 114: 82: 80:Characteristics 63: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 291: 281: 280: 275: 259: 258: 222: 215: 192: 168: 167: 165: 162: 161: 160: 155: 150: 145: 138: 135: 113: 110: 109: 108: 105: 102: 96: 89: 86: 81: 78: 62: 59: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 290: 279: 276: 274: 271: 270: 268: 254: 248: 232: 226: 218: 212: 208: 207: 202: 201:K.A.S. Immink 196: 189: 179: 173: 169: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 134: 131: 127: 123: 119: 118:compact discs 106: 103: 101: 97: 94: 93:interpolation 90: 87: 84: 83: 77: 75: 71: 67: 58: 56: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 278:Compact disc 235:. Retrieved 225: 205: 195: 187: 172: 143:Multiplexing 122:concatenated 115: 74:error bursts 64: 39: 35: 32:compact disc 29: 267:Categories 178:US 4413340 164:References 112:Interleave 52:redundant 247:cite web 237:June 10, 158:Checksum 137:See also 61:Overview 34:system, 30:In the 213:  183:  130:stereo 70:errors 57:byte. 55:parity 48:bytes 253:link 239:2019 211:ISBN 50:one 40:CIRC 269:: 249:}} 245:{{ 255:) 241:. 219:. 38:( 20:)

Index

Cross-interleaved Reed-Solomon coding
compact disc
error correction
bytes
redundant
parity
Reed–Solomon codes
errors
error bursts
interpolation
random access memory
compact discs
concatenated
interleaved cross-wise
stereo
Multiplexing
Parity (mathematics)
Parity (telecommunication)
Checksum
US 4413340
K.A.S. Immink
Reed-Solomon Codes and Their Applications
ISBN
978-0-7803-5391-6
"Stan Hanley, Reed-Solomon Codes and CD Encoding"
cite web
link
Categories
Error detection and correction
Compact disc

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