382:
687:
311:
703:
action is caused by the closing of the gap between the mantle line (movable) mounted on the central vertical spindle and the concave liners (fixed) mounted on the main frame of the crusher. The gap is opened and closed by an eccentric on the bottom of the spindle that causes the central vertical spindle to gyrate. The vertical spindle is free to rotate around its own axis. The crusher illustrated is a short-shaft suspended spindle type, meaning that the main shaft is suspended at the top and that the eccentric is mounted above the gear. The short-shaft design has superseded the long-shaft design in which the eccentric is mounted below the gear.
759:
crusher drives the eccentric shaft to make periodic swing movement under the shaft axis, and consequently surface of mantle approaches and leaves the surface of bowl liner now and then, so that the material is crushed due to squeezing and grinding inside the crushing chamber. The safety cylinder of the machine can ensure safety as well as lift supporting sleeve and static cone by a hydraulic system and automatically remove the blocks in the crushing chamber when the machine is suddenly stuffy. Thus the maintenance rate is greatly reduced and production efficiency is greatly improved as it can remove blocks without disassembling the machine.
1042:
732:. It is mainly used in mining, chemical industry, road and bridge construction, building, etc. As for VSC series cone crusher, there are four crushing cavities (coarse, medium, fine and superfine) to choose. Compared with the same type, VSC series cone crusher, whose combination of crushing frequency and eccentricity is the best, can make materials have higher comminution degree and higher yield. In addition, VSC series cone crusher's enhanced laminating crushing effect on material particles makes the cubic shape of crushed materials better, which increases the selling point.
322:
370:
346:
257:
certain maximum size of raw material, and often delivers its output to a screening machine which sorts and directs the product for further processing. As well as size, machines designed for each of these stages must take into account the basic methods of material size reduction; impact, compression, attrition, and cutting. Depending on the material properties and desired outcome some methods of crushing and thus machines designs may be more appropriate for the use case.
613:
334:
1019:
716:
the enclosing concave hopper, covered by a manganese concave or a bowl liner. As rock enters the top of the cone crusher, it becomes wedged and squeezed between the mantle and the bowl liner or concave. Large pieces of ore are broken once, and then fall to a lower position (because they are now smaller) where they are broken again. This process continues until the pieces are small enough to fall through the narrow opening at the bottom of the crusher.
864:(faults) throughout its structure. As rock is 'thrown' by a VSI rotor against a solid anvil, it fractures and breaks along these fissures. Final particle size can be controlled by 1) the velocity at which the rock is thrown against the anvil and 2) the distance between the end of the rotor and the impact point on the anvil. The product resulting from VSI crushing is generally of a consistent cubical shape such as that required by modern Superpave
358:
605:
670:
toggle plate and vertical movement due to the rotation of the eccentric. These two motions, when combined, lead to an elliptical jaw motion. This motion is useful as it assists in pushing the particles through the crushing chamber. This phenomenon leads to higher capacity of the single toggle jaw crushers but it also results in higher wear of the crushing jaws. These type of jaw crushers are preferred for the crushing of softer particles.
244:
key bottleneck as the volume of moved materials continued to increase following demand. This spurred numerous canal projects, inspired laying first wooden, then iron protected rails using draft animals to pull loads in the emerging bulk goods transportation dependent economy. In the coal industry, which grew as coal became the preferred fuel for smelting ores, crushing and preparation (cleaning) was performed for over a hundred years in
889:
1038:. They are manufactured with a high inertia power train, circular jaw movement and an anti-stagnation plate, which prevents large shredding pieces from getting stuck in the bucket's mouth, not allowing them to enter the crushing jaws. They have also the crushing jaws placed in a cross position. This position together with its circular motion gives these crusher buckets the faculty of grinding wet material.
381:
841:
97:
209:
Abraham Darby a century later relocated to
Bristol where he had established a building brass and bronze industry by importing Dutch workers and using them to raid Dutch techniques. Both materials were considered superior to iron for cannon, and machines as they were better understood. But Darby would change the world in several key ways.
1055:
largest variation. For instance, a 48-inch (120 cm) cone crusher manufactured in 1960 may be able to produce 170 tons/h of crushed rock, whereas the same size crusher manufactured today may produce 300 tons/h. These production improvements come from speed increases and better crushing chamber designs.
1054:
For the most part advances in crusher design have moved slowly. Jaw crushers have remained virtually unchanged for sixty years. More reliability and higher production have been added to basic cone crusher designs that have also remained largely unchanged. Increases in rotating speed have provided the
874:
VSI crushers generally utilize a high speed spinning rotor at the center of the crushing chamber and an outer impact surface of either abrasive resistant metal anvils or crushed rock. Utilizing cast metal surfaces 'anvils' is traditionally referred to as a "shoe and anvil VSI". Utilizing crushed rock
833:
784:
The HSI crushers break rock by impacting the rock with hammers that are fixed upon the outer edge of a spinning rotor. HSI machines are sold in stationary, trailer mounted and crawler mounted configurations. HSI's are used in recycling, hard rock and soft materials. In earlier years the practical use
620:
A jaw crusher uses compressive force for breaking of particle. This mechanical pressure is achieved by the two jaws of the crusher of which one is fixed while the other reciprocates. A jaw or toggle crusher consists of a set of vertical jaws, one jaw is kept stationary and is called a fixed jaw while
220:
were virtually all small enterprises except for the tin mines (driven by the price and utility of brass) and materials came out of the mines already hammered small by legions of miners who had to stuff their work into carry sacks for pack animal slinging. Concurrently, mines needed drainage resulting
161:
produced large chunks of materials, chunks originally reduced by hammering in the mine before being loaded into sacks for a trip to the surface, chunks that were eventually also to lead to rails and mine railways transporting bulk aggregations that post-mine face crushing became widely necessary. The
740:
Symons cone crusher (spring cone crusher) can crush materials of above medium hardness. And it is widely used in metallurgy, building, hydropower, transportation, chemical industry, etc. When used with jaw crusher, it can be used as secondary, tertiary or quaternary crushing. Generally speaking, the
669:
In the single toggle jaw crushers, the swing jaw is suspended on the eccentric shaft which leads to a much more compact design than that of the double toggle jaw crusher. The swing jaw, suspended on the eccentric, undergoes two types of motion- swing motion towards the fixed jaw due to the action of
644:
Jaw crushers are heavy duty machines and hence need to be robustly constructed. The outer frame is generally made of cast iron or steel. The jaws themselves are usually constructed from cast steel. They are fitted with replaceable liners which are made of manganese steel, or Ni-hard (a Ni-Cr alloyed
79:
solid surfaces, and apply sufficient force to bring the surfaces together to generate enough energy within the material being crushed so that its molecules separate from (fracturing), or change alignment in relation to (deformation), each other. The earliest crushers were hand-held stones, where the
995:
three-point loading, applied between the front tooth faces on one rotor, and rear tooth faces on the other rotor. Any lumps of material that still remain oversize, are broken as the rotors chop through the fixed teeth of the breaker bar, thereby achieving a three dimensional controlled product size.
758:
Multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher is mainly composed of main frame, eccentric shaft, crushing cone, mantle, bowl liner, adjusting device, dust ring, transmission device, bowl-shaped bearing, adjusting sleeve, hydraulic control system, hydraulic safety system, etc. The electric motor of the cone
677:
In the Dodge type jaw crushers, the jaws are farther apart at the top than at the bottom, forming a tapered chute so that the material is crushed progressively smaller and smaller as it travels downward until it is small enough to escape from the bottom opening. The Dodge jaw crusher has a variable
296:
Some crushers are mobile and can crush rocks as large as 1.5 meter (60 inches). Primarily used in-pit at the mine face these units are able to move with the large infeed machines (mainly shovels) to increase the tonnage produced. In a mobile road operation, these crushed rocks are directly combined
260:
Typically, crushing stages are followed by milling stages if the materials need to be further reduced. Additionally rock breakers are typically located next to a crusher to reduce oversize material too large for a crusher. Crushers are used to reduce particle size enough so that the material can be
208:
bought his way into the fledgling furnace company and wrested control of it, and by 1615 managed to have James I issue a proclamation forbidding the use of wood to produce glass, giving his family's extensive coal holdings a monopoly on both source and means of production for nearly half-a-century.
715:
A cone crusher is similar in operation to a gyratory crusher, with less steepness in the crushing chamber and more of a parallel zone between crushing zones. A cone crusher breaks rock by squeezing the rock between an eccentrically gyrating spindle, which is covered by a wear-resistant mantle, and
243:
being increasingly applied to mining, rock chunks from a mining face became much larger, and the blast dependent mining itself had become dependent upon an organized group, not just an individual swinging a pick. Economies of scale gradually infused industrial enterprises, while transport became a
187:
and wrought iron demanded by the new consumer classes. Other metallurgical developments such as silver and gold mining mirrored the practices and developments of the bulk material handling methods and technologies feeding the burgeoning appetite for more and more iron and glass, both of which were
166:
that fueled industrial growth from the first decade of the 1600s to the replacement of breakers in the 1970s through the fuel needs of the present day. The gradual coming of that era and displacement of the cottage industry based economies was itself accelerated first by the utility of wrought and
702:
A gyratory crusher is one of the main types of primary crushers in a mine or ore processing plant. Gyratory crushers are designated in size either by the gape and mantle diameter or by the size of the receiving opening. Gyratory crushers can be used for primary or secondary crushing. The crushing
673:
In the double toggle jaw crushers, the oscillating motion of the swing jaw is caused by the vertical motion of the pitman. The pitman moves up and down. The swing jaw closes, i.e., it moves towards the fixed jaw when the pitman moves upward and opens during the downward motion of the pitman. This
994:
The gripping: at the first stage, the material is gripped by the leading faces of opposed rotor teeth. These subject the rock to multiple point loading, inducing stress into the material to exploit any natural weaknesses. At the second stage, material is broken in tension by being subjected to a
711:
With the rapid development of mining technology, the cone crusher can be divided into four types: compound cone crusher, spring cone crusher, hydraulic cone crusher and gyratory crusher. According to different models, the cone crusher is divided into vertical shaft cone (VSC) series cone crusher
816:
Mobile Impact
Crushers: Impact crushers utilize the principle of rapid impact to crush materials, making them suitable for secondary and tertiary crushing of various rocks and minerals. Mobile Cone Crushers: Cone crushers employ a cone-shaped crushing chamber, ideal for producing finely crushed
292:
or vibrating grid controls the rate at which this material enters the crusher, and often contains a preliminary screening device which allows smaller material to bypass the crusher itself, thus improving efficiency. Primary crushing reduces the large pieces to a size which can be handled by the
256:
Mining operations use crushers, commonly classified by the degree to which they fragment the starting material, with primary and secondary crushers handling coarse materials, and tertiary and quaternary crushers reducing ore particles to finer gradations. Each crusher is designed to work with a
191:
Things only became worse when the
English figured out how to cast the more economical iron cannons (1547), following on their feat of becoming the armorers of the European continent's powers by having been leading producers of brass and bronze guns, and eventually by various acts of Parliament,
749:
Single cylinder hydraulic cone crusher is mainly composed of main frame, transmission device, eccentric shaft, bowl-shaped bearing, crushing cone, mantle, bowl liner, adjusting device, adjusting sleeve, hydraulic control system, hydraulic safety system, dust-proof ring, feed plate, etc. It is
719:
A cone crusher is suitable for crushing a variety of mid-hard and above mid-hard ores and rocks. It has the advantage of reliable construction, high productivity, better granularity and shape of finished products, easy adjustment and lower operational costs. The spring release system of a cone
144:
In industry, crushers are machines which use a metal surface to break or compress materials into small fractional chunks or denser masses. Throughout most of industrial history, the greater part of crushing and mining part of the process occurred under muscle power as the application of force
225:
and
Newcomen's early steam driven pumping systems. The deeper the mines went, the larger the demand became for better pumps, the greater the demand for iron, the greater the need for coal, the greater the demand for each. Seeing ahead clearly, Darby, sold off his brass business interests and
235:
of his fuel by copying
Brewers practices. In 1822, the pumping industries needs for larger cylinders met up with Darby's ability to melt sufficient quantities of pig iron to cast large inexpensive iron cylinders instead of costly brass ones, reducing the cost of cylinders by nine-tenths.
1066:
Due to safety requirements and the weight of the jaws, many companies and OEM providers have produced a suite of lifting tools to safely install and fit these tools into the crusher. In many countries, the lifting tool is mandatory due to legislative and policy-based safety requirements.
301:
which are then deposited on to a road surface. This removes the need for hauling oversized material to a stationary crusher and then back to the road surface. Additionally, Small/Mini
Crushers (approx 6,000 to 60,000 pound range) are portable crushers typically used by travelling from
145:
concentrated in the tip of the miners pick or sledge hammer driven drill bit. Before explosives came into widespread use in bulk mining in the mid-nineteenth century, most initial ore crushing and sizing was by hand and hammers at the mine or by water powered trip hammers in the small
694:
A gyratory crusher is similar in basic concept to a jaw crusher, consisting of a concave surface and a conical head; both surfaces are typically lined with manganese steel surfaces. The inner cone has a slight circular movement, but does not rotate; the movement is generated by an
167:
cast iron as a desired materials giving impetus to larger operations, then in the late-sixteenth century by the increasing scarcity of wood lands for charcoal production to make the newfangled window glass material that had become—along with the chimney—
741:
standard type of Symons cone crusher is applied to medium crushing. The medium type is applied to fine crushing. The short head type is applied to coarse fine crushing. As casting steel technique is adopted, the machine has good rigidity and large high strength.
809:
Mobile crushers are versatile and efficient machines designed for on-site crushing in mining and construction, offering flexibility and mobility to process materials directly at the job site. Mobile crushers are available in various types and configurations:
775:
to crush material. The material is contained within a cage, with openings on the bottom, end, or side of the desired size to allow pulverized material to escape. There are two types of impact crushers: horizontal shaft impactor and vertical shaft impactor.
637:. The volume or cavity between the two jaws is called the crushing chamber. The movement of the swing jaw can be quite small, since complete crushing is not performed in one stroke. The inertia required to crush the material is provided by a
989:
which use two rotors with large teeth, on small diameter shafts, driven at a low speed by a direct high torque drive system. This design produced three-stage breaking action which all interact when breaking materials using sizer technology.
820:
Mobile
Vertical Shaft Impact (VSI) Crushers: VSI crushers utilize a high-speed rotor with wear-resistant tips to crush materials, offering superior shaping capabilities for producing high-quality aggregates with excellent particle shape.
248:, massive noisy buildings full of conveyors, belt-powered trip-hammer crushing stages and giant metal grading/sorting grates. Like mine pumps, the internal conveyors and trip-hammers were housed within these 7—11 storey buildings.
1001:
The deep scroll tooth pattern: The deep scroll conveys the larger material to one end of the machine and helps to spread the feed across the full length of the rotors. This feature can also be used to reject oversize material from the
1058:
The largest advance in cone crusher reliability has been seen in the use of hydraulics to protect crushers from being damaged when uncrushable objects enter the crushing chamber. Foreign objects, such as
230:
with its plentiful coal mines, water power and nearby ore supplies. Over that decade his foundries developed iron casting technologies and began to supplant other metals in many applications. He adapted
875:
on the outer walls of the crusher for new rock to be crushed against is traditionally referred to as "rock on rock VSI". VSI crushers can be used in static plant set-up or in mobile tracked equipment.
75:
through a material made of molecules that bond together more strongly, and resist deformation more, than those in the material being crushed do. Crushing devices hold material between two parallel or
1063:, can cause extensive damage to a cone crusher, and additional costs in lost production. The advance of hydraulic relief systems has greatly reduced downtime and improved the life of these machines.
1034:
is an attachment for hydraulic excavators. Its way of working consists on a bucket with two crushing jaws inside, one of them is fixed and the other one moves back and forth relative to it, as in a
824:
Mobile Jaw and Cone
Combination Crushers: These crushers combine the features of jaw and cone crushers, offering versatility and efficiency for processing diverse materials in various applications.
998:
The rotating screen effect: The interlaced toothed rotor design allows free flowing undersize material to pass through the continuously changing gaps generated by the relatively slow moving shafts.
699:
arrangement. As with the jaw crusher, material travels downward between the two surfaces being progressively crushed until it is small enough to fall out through the gap between the two surfaces.
860:
rather than surface force allows the breaking force to be applied evenly both across the surface of the rock as well as through the mass of the rock. Rock, regardless of size, has natural
171:
among the growing middle-class and affluence of the sixteenth-and-seventeenth centuries;and as always, the charcoal needed to smelt metals, especially to produce ever larger amounts of
848:
VSI crushers use a different approach involving a high speed rotor with wear resistant tips and a crushing chamber designed to 'throw' the rock against. The VSI crushers utilize
666:
in 1858. The Blake type jaw crusher has a fixed feed area and a variable discharge area. Blake crushers are of two types- single toggle and double toggle jaw crushers.
712:(compound cone crusher), Symons cone crusher, PY cone crusher, single cylinder hydraulic cone crusher, multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher, gyratory crusher, etc.
645:
cast iron). Jaw crushers are usually constructed in sections to ease the process transportation if they are to be taken underground for carrying out the operations.
192:
gradually banned or restricted the further cutting of trees for charcoal in larger and larger regions in the United
Kingdom. In 1611, a consortium led by courtier
871:
applications. Using this method also allows materials with much higher abrasiveness to be crushed than is capable with an HSI and most other crushing methods.
813:
Mobile Jaw
Crushers: These crushers feature a stationary jaw and a movable jaw, enabling primary crushing of materials with varying hardness and abrasiveness.
686:
678:
feed area and a fixed discharge area which leads to choking of the crusher and hence is used only for laboratory purposes and not for heavy duty operations.
302:
jobsite-to-jobsite. These small crusher may be track or wheel mounted, gas, diesel, or electrically powered, but are primarily of the Jaw Crusher variety.
200:, a furnace using coal, not precious national timber reserves, which was immediately employed in glass making. An early politically connected and wealthy
852:
rather than surface force as the predominant force to break rock. In its natural state, rock has a jagged and uneven surface. Applying surface force (
750:
applied to cement mill, mining, building construction, road &bridge construction, railway construction and metallurgy and some other industries.
140:
was an improved version of the Newcomen engine. As a result, Watt is today better known than Newcomen in relation to the origin of the steam engine.
1365:
1269:
Within a few years, however, the cost was reduced by nine-tenths as it was found cast-iron cylinders could be produced with sufficient accuracy.
1121:
321:
2298:
1835:
2308:
71:), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated. Crushing is the process of transferring a force amplified by
2001:
1318:
1169:
333:
212:
Where the Dutch had failed in casting iron, one of Darby's apprentices, John Thomas succeeded in 1707 and as Burke put it:
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crusher acts an overload protection that allows tramp to pass through the crushing chamber without damage to the crusher.
261:
processed into finer particles in a grinder. A typical processing line at a mine might consist of a crusher followed by a
63:
Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or
2273:
1358:
953:
1386:
1262:
972:
925:
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1253:(1st American Edition. 8"x10" Hard cover ed.). Viking Penguin, Inc., New York, NY, U.S.A., (1985). pp.
1149:
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112:
in 1712, often referred to simply as a Newcomen engine, was the first practical device to harness the power of
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1739:
1625:
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1007:
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201:
1749:
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105:
1908:
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by 1600, England was facing an acute timber crises, thanks largely to the increase in glass production
1041:
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Their primary advantage is a compact geometry and size which is valuable in mining industry, .e.g. in
2350:
2313:
1994:
1125:
921:
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1164:(ninth, pbk ed.). Little, Brown and Company (North America) / Macmillan, London. p. 304.
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121:
38:
17:
2278:
2268:
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1512:
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In operation, the raw material (of various sizes) is usually delivered to the primary crusher's
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earliest of these were in the foundries, but as coal took hold the larger operations became the
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2293:
1634:
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1802:
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1721:
1522:
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197:
154:
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This is the crushing jaws movement in a Xcentric Crusher bucket, with a patented technology.
269:. In this context, the SAG mill and ball mill are considered grinders rather than crushers.
2345:
2323:
2318:
2244:
2094:
1987:
1587:
1294:
1097:
72:
1534:
1517:
1251:
Works of Man: History of Invention and Engineering, From the Pyramids to the Space Shuttle
648:
Jaw crushers are classified on the basis of the position of the pivoting of the swing jaw
8:
2288:
2214:
2129:
1855:
1744:
1630:
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1383:
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type is commonly used in mines due to its ability to crush tough and abrasive materials.
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1254:
1245:
96:
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1685:
1582:
1394:
768:
285:
2174:
2149:
2099:
1882:
1620:
1413:
1258:
1165:
946:
801:, however improvements in metallurgy have changed the application of these machines.
663:
137:
85:
856:) results in unpredictable and typically non-cubical resulting particles. Utilizing
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that moves a shaft creating an eccentric motion that causes the closing of the gap.
2239:
1963:
1868:
1840:
1428:
1418:
868:
728:
Compound cone crusher (VSC series cone crusher) can crush materials of over medium
298:
80:
weight of the stone provided a boost to muscle power, used against a stone anvil.
1953:
1913:
1789:
1605:
1597:
1240:
1092:
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of HSI crushers is limited to soft materials and non abrasive materials, such as
622:
273:
117:
109:
2224:
2164:
1903:
1734:
1700:
1664:
1572:
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1443:
1086:
1031:
1023:
630:
626:
205:
53:
2339:
2219:
2184:
2119:
2114:
2044:
1958:
1863:
1845:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1695:
1690:
1026:, crushing rock in a quarry, for recycling the material previously extracted.
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the other jaw called a swing jaw, moves back and forth relative to it, by a
2159:
2104:
2069:
2064:
1895:
1615:
1610:
1567:
1306:
245:
193:
163:
158:
31:
2249:
2084:
2054:
1765:
1729:
1557:
1489:
1076:
1035:
612:
232:
150:
1343:
1018:
2209:
2189:
2124:
2010:
1968:
1918:
1711:
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1102:
913: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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281:
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133:
1122:"Science Museum - Home - Atmospheric engine by Francis Thompson, 1791"
392:
The following table describes typical uses of commonly used crushers:
2234:
2229:
2204:
2179:
2059:
2026:
1810:
1775:
1645:
1529:
1472:
1081:
832:
790:
786:
604:
240:
184:
888:
658:
Universal crusher-the swing jaw is fixed at an intermediate position
67:, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock
2144:
2109:
2021:
1938:
1705:
1677:
1502:
857:
853:
849:
772:
729:
638:
289:
180:
146:
64:
2154:
2134:
2049:
1562:
1539:
1433:
865:
861:
217:
76:
49:
30:"Rock Crusher" redirects here. For the character from COPS, see
2199:
1943:
1450:
817:
aggregates and sands for construction and mining applications.
794:
779:
593:
Heavy mining, quarried materials, sand & gravel, recycling
433:
Heavy mining, quarried materials, sand & gravel, recycling
176:
129:
125:
81:
57:
1979:
2089:
1477:
1060:
798:
172:
113:
327:
Cornish stamps used in the 19th century for breaking tin ore
1948:
655:
Dodge crusher-the swing jaw is fixed at the upper position
652:
Blake crusher-the swing jaw is fixed at the lower position
27:
Machine designed to reduce large objects into smaller ones
1423:
744:
157:. It was only after explosives, and later early powerful
68:
840:
753:
214:"had given England the key to the Industrial Revolution"
104:– Valves move from open (green) to closed (red) The
339:
A portable rock crusher from the early 20th century
1244:
513:Quarried materials, sand & gravel, recycling
2337:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
836:Scheme of a VSI crusher with air-cushion support
827:
188:rare in personal possessions until the 1700s.
100:Animation of a schematic Newcomen steam engine.
1202:
1200:
1186:
1184:
1160:Connections: Alternative History of Technology
1995:
1359:
1213:
1144:
1142:
149:fired smithies and iron works typical of the
1162:" (Time Warner International/Macmillan 1978)
780:Horizontal shaft impactor (HSI) / hammermill
1894:
1197:
1181:
288:. A feeder device such as an apron feeder,
2002:
1988:
1366:
1352:
1282:"Types of Crushers: What You Need to Know"
1139:
1124:. www.sciencemuseum.org.uk. Archived from
314:Portable Close Circuit Cone Crushing Plant
1373:
1319:"Metso develops new maintenance platform"
1233:
973:Learn how and when to remove this message
518:Vertical shaft impactors (shoe and anvil)
1307:http://www.mmdsizers.com/products/sizers
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1017:
839:
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723:
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603:
309:
120:. Newcomen engines were used throughout
102:– Steam is shown pink and water is blue.
95:
351:The entrance bin of a mine rock crusher
14:
2338:
745:Single cylinder hydraulic cone crusher
735:
553:Quarried materials, sand & gravel
473:Quarried materials, sand & gravel
132:, starting in the early 18th century.
1983:
1347:
1239:
1148:
754:Multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher
690:Ruffner Red Ore Mine gyratory crusher
608:Operation of a dodge type jaw crusher
538:Vertical shaft impactors (autogenous)
91:
88:are types of these crushing devices.
911:adding citations to reliable sources
882:
305:
1089:Australian jaw crusher manufacturer
767:Impact crushers involve the use of
681:
128:, principally to pump water out of
24:
662:The Blake crusher was patented by
629:mechanism, acting like a class II
25:
2367:
1387:Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy
1339:
1013:
878:
804:
762:
453:Heavy mining, quarried materials
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985:Mineral sizers are a variety of
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380:
368:
356:
344:
332:
320:
2009:
1311:
898:needs additional citations for
706:
447:Dry to slightly wet, not sticky
427:Dry to slightly wet, not sticky
1299:
1288:
1274:
1114:
599:
13:
1:
1740:Bottom-blown oxygen converter
1108:
1049:
828:Vertical shaft impactor (VSI)
533:Sand & gravel, recycling
196:was granted a patent for the
1008:underground hard-rock mining
153:through the early-to-middle
7:
1070:
10:
2372:
498:Horizontal shaft impactors
375:Crusher bucket in a quarry
36:
29:
2258:
2035:
2017:
1931:
1881:
1854:
1801:
1788:
1758:
1720:
1676:
1663:
1596:
1550:
1488:
1406:
1393:
1381:
493:Mine, building materials
216:. At the time, mines and
52:designed to reduce large
2299:Machine and metalworking
1466:Underground in soft rock
1461:Underground in hard rock
521:Medium hard to very hard
481:Medium hard to very hard
461:Medium hard to very hard
39:Crusher (disambiguation)
2309:Measuring and alignment
1323:www.miningmagazine.com
1046:
1027:
845:
837:
691:
617:
616:Dodge type jaw crusher
609:
547:Dry or wet, not sticky
527:Dry or wet, not sticky
507:Dry or wet, not sticky
487:Dry or wet, not sticky
467:Dry or wet, not sticky
315:
293:downstream machinery.
141:
2170:Random orbital sander
1794:(by aqueous solution)
1626:Gravity Concentration
1375:Extractive metallurgy
1158:Connections, UK ed. "
1128:on September 24, 2015
1044:
1021:
843:
835:
724:Compound cone crusher
689:
615:
607:
587:Dry or wet and sticky
567:Dry or wet and sticky
313:
284:or wheeled front-end
198:reverberatory furnace
169:'all the rage'
155:Industrial Revolution
99:
60:, sand or rock dust.
2274:Cutting and abrasive
2095:Electric motor brake
1909:Hall–Héroult process
1588:Mechanical screening
1295:Mobile Stone Crusher
1152:(1978). "Chapter 6.
1098:Scrap metal shredder
907:improve this article
73:mechanical advantage
56:into smaller rocks,
37:For other uses, see
1631:Magnetic separation
1578:Cyclonic separation
1399:(by physical means)
1384:Metallurgical assay
736:Symons cone crusher
501:Soft to medium hard
297:with concrete, and
202:Robber Baron figure
1712:Refractory linings
1583:Gyratory equipment
1395:Mineral processing
1047:
1028:
846:
838:
692:
618:
610:
316:
142:
106:atmospheric engine
92:Background history
2333:
2332:
2175:Reciprocating saw
1977:
1976:
1927:
1926:
1888:
1883:Electrometallurgy
1877:
1876:
1836:Gold chlorination
1795:
1784:
1783:
1670:
1659:
1658:
1621:Jig concentrators
1419:Natural resources
1414:Geological survey
1400:
1171:978-0-316-11681-7
1154:Fuel to the Flame
983:
982:
975:
957:
664:Eli Whitney Blake
597:
596:
581:Soft to very hard
541:Soft to very hard
524:Slightly abrasive
504:Slightly abrasive
441:Soft to very hard
438:Gyratory crushers
421:Soft to very hard
306:Types of crushers
138:Watt steam engine
16:(Redirected from
2363:
2351:Mining equipment
2240:Thickness planer
2004:
1997:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1892:
1891:
1887:(by electricity)
1886:
1869:Pan amalgamation
1841:Gold cyanidation
1831:In situ leaching
1799:
1798:
1793:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1429:Economic geology
1404:
1403:
1398:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1248:
1241:Clark, Ronald W.
1237:
1231:
1224:
1211:
1204:
1195:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1118:
978:
971:
967:
964:
958:
956:
915:
891:
883:
682:Gyratory crusher
478:Compound crusher
407:Moisture content
395:
394:
384:
372:
360:
348:
336:
324:
21:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2254:
2150:Power miter saw
2031:
2013:
2008:
1978:
1973:
1923:
1914:Castner process
1885:
1873:
1850:
1792:
1790:Hydrometallurgy
1780:
1754:
1750:IsaKidd process
1716:
1667:
1655:
1606:Froth flotation
1592:
1546:
1484:
1397:
1389:
1377:
1372:
1342:
1337:
1328:
1326:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1238:
1234:
1225:
1214:
1205:
1198:
1190:Burke, James, "
1189:
1182:
1172:
1147:
1140:
1131:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1093:Mill (grinding)
1073:
1052:
1016:
979:
968:
962:
959:
916:
914:
904:
892:
881:
830:
807:
782:
765:
756:
747:
738:
726:
709:
684:
602:
578:Crusher buckets
410:Reduction ratio
388:
385:
376:
373:
364:
361:
352:
349:
340:
337:
328:
325:
308:
254:
118:mechanical work
110:Thomas Newcomen
103:
101:
94:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2369:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2264:Types of tools
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2225:Soldering iron
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2165:Radial arm saw
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1904:Electrowinning
1900:
1898:
1889:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1735:Parkes process
1732:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1701:Flash smelting
1698:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1665:Pyrometallurgy
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1593:
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1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1444:Precious metal
1441:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1341:
1340:External links
1338:
1336:
1335:
1310:
1298:
1287:
1273:
1263:
1232:
1226:Burke, James,
1212:
1206:Burke, James,
1196:
1180:
1170:
1138:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1087:Jaques Limited
1084:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1051:
1048:
1032:crusher bucket
1024:crusher bucket
1015:
1014:Crusher bucket
1012:
1004:
1003:
999:
996:
981:
980:
895:
893:
886:
880:
879:Mineral sizers
877:
829:
826:
806:
805:Mobile crusher
803:
781:
778:
764:
763:Impact crusher
761:
755:
752:
746:
743:
737:
734:
725:
722:
708:
705:
683:
680:
660:
659:
656:
653:
601:
598:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
575:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
558:Mineral sizers
555:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
535:
534:
531:
528:
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522:
519:
515:
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442:
439:
435:
434:
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428:
425:
422:
419:
415:
414:
411:
408:
405:
404:Abrasion limit
402:
399:
390:
389:
387:A feed crusher
386:
379:
377:
374:
367:
365:
363:Mobile crusher
362:
355:
353:
350:
343:
341:
338:
331:
329:
326:
319:
307:
304:
265:followed by a
253:
252:Industrial use
250:
206:Robert Mansell
93:
90:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2368:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
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2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
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2287:
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2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Soldering gun
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Rotary hammer
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Impact wrench
2118:
2116:
2115:Impact driver
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:Cutting torch
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:Angle grinder
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Patio process
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1846:Bayer process
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Tank leaching
1824:
1822:
1821:Dump leaching
1819:
1817:
1816:Heap leaching
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1696:Zinc smelting
1694:
1692:
1691:Lead smelting
1689:
1687:
1686:Iron smelting
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1598:Concentration
1595:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1291:
1283:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1264:9780670804832
1260:
1256:
1255:352 (indexed)
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1229:
1228:"Connections"
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1208:"Connections"
1203:
1201:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1000:
997:
993:
992:
991:
988:
987:roll crushers
977:
974:
966:
963:November 2022
955:
952:
948:
945:
941:
938:
934:
931:
927:
924: –
923:
919:
918:Find sources:
912:
908:
902:
901:
896:This section
894:
890:
885:
884:
876:
872:
870:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
842:
834:
825:
822:
818:
814:
811:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
777:
774:
770:
760:
751:
742:
733:
731:
721:
717:
713:
704:
700:
698:
688:
679:
675:
671:
667:
665:
657:
654:
651:
650:
649:
646:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
614:
606:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
576:
573:Heavy mining
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
516:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
496:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
476:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
458:Cone crushers
457:
456:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
436:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
416:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
396:
393:
383:
378:
371:
366:
359:
354:
347:
342:
335:
330:
323:
318:
317:
312:
303:
300:
294:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
258:
249:
247:
246:coal breakers
242:
237:
234:
229:
228:Coalbrookdale
226:relocated to
224:
219:
215:
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
164:coal breakers
160:
159:steam shovels
156:
152:
148:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
98:
89:
87:
83:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
2195:Router table
2160:Power trowel
2105:Hammer drill
2074:
2070:Concrete saw
2065:Circular saw
1896:Electrolysis
1856:Amalgamation
1611:Jameson cell
1568:Hydrocyclone
1507:
1327:. Retrieved
1325:. 2015-12-14
1322:
1313:
1305:MMD Group -
1301:
1290:
1276:
1268:
1250:
1235:
1227:
1207:
1191:
1175:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:James, Burke
1130:. Retrieved
1126:the original
1116:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1029:
1005:
986:
984:
969:
960:
950:
943:
936:
929:
917:
905:Please help
900:verification
897:
873:
847:
823:
819:
815:
812:
808:
797:, weathered
783:
771:rather than
766:
757:
748:
739:
727:
718:
714:
710:
707:Cone crusher
701:
693:
676:
672:
668:
661:
647:
643:
619:
561:Hard to soft
510:10/1 to 25/1
418:Jaw crushers
391:
295:
271:
259:
255:
238:
213:
211:
194:Edward Zouch
190:
168:
143:
108:invented by
62:
45:
43:
32:Rock Krusher
2346:Power tools
2324:Woodworking
2250:Wood shaper
2245:Wood router
2085:Die grinder
2055:Belt sander
2011:Power tools
1932:Co-products
1766:Calcination
1730:Cupellation
1646:Dry washing
1635:Magnetation
1558:Ore sorting
1523:Pebble mill
1490:Comminution
1194:", page 167
1192:Connections
1077:Car crusher
1036:jaw crusher
844:VSI crusher
600:Jaw crusher
278:dump trucks
151:Renaissance
116:to produce
2340:Categories
2210:Scroll saw
2190:Rotary saw
2140:Multi-tool
2125:Jackhammer
2040:Air hammer
1969:Stamp sand
1919:Downs cell
1651:Buddle pit
1641:Rocker box
1498:Stamp mill
1439:Base metal
1407:Extraction
1329:2024-01-29
1230:, page 170
1210:, page 168
1132:2009-07-06
1109:References
1103:Stamp mill
1050:Technology
1022:This is a
933:newspapers
635:nutcracker
590:3/1 to 5/1
570:2/1 to 5/1
550:2/1 to 5/1
530:6/1 to 8/1
490:3/1 to 5/1
470:3/1 to 5/1
450:4/1 to 7/1
430:3/1 to 5/1
282:excavators
134:James Watt
2356:Recycling
2235:Table saw
2230:Steam box
2205:Screw gun
2180:Rivet gun
2060:Blowtorch
2027:Workbench
1811:Lixiviant
1776:Liquation
1669:(by heat)
1530:Ball mill
1473:Recycling
1246:"page 63"
1082:Compactor
922:"Crusher"
791:phosphate
787:limestone
697:eccentric
413:Main use
267:ball mill
241:gunpowder
218:foundries
185:cast iron
136:'s later
2279:Forestry
2269:Cleaning
2145:Nail gun
2110:Heat gun
2100:Glue gun
2022:Sawhorse
1939:Tailings
1803:Leaching
1771:Roasting
1722:Refining
1706:ISASMELT
1678:Smelting
1535:Rod mill
1518:SAG mill
1503:Arrastra
1243:(1985).
1071:See also
1002:machine.
862:fissures
858:velocity
854:pressure
850:velocity
773:pressure
730:hardness
639:flywheel
584:No limit
564:Abrasive
544:No limit
484:Abrasive
464:Abrasive
444:Abrasive
424:No limit
401:Hardness
290:conveyor
263:SAG mill
181:pig iron
147:charcoal
65:recycled
18:Crushers
2304:Masonry
2294:Kitchen
2155:Nibbler
2135:Jointer
2075:Crusher
2050:Bandsaw
1964:Red mud
1954:Clinker
1708:furnace
1616:Panning
1573:Trommel
1563:Vanning
1540:IsaMill
1513:AG mill
1508:Crusher
1456:Surface
1434:Mineral
947:scholar
869:asphalt
866:highway
299:asphalt
286:loaders
122:Britain
86:mortars
77:tangent
50:machine
46:crusher
2314:Mining
2284:Garden
2200:Sander
2130:Jigsaw
1944:Gangue
1745:Poling
1551:Sizing
1451:Mining
1261:
1168:
949:
942:
935:
928:
920:
799:shales
795:gypsum
769:impact
627:pitman
274:hopper
233:Coking
223:Savery
177:bronze
126:Europe
82:Querns
58:gravel
2319:Power
2215:Shear
2090:Drill
1759:Other
1478:Scrap
1061:steel
954:JSTOR
940:books
633:or a
631:lever
239:With
173:brass
130:mines
114:steam
54:rocks
48:is a
2289:Hand
1959:Chat
1949:Slag
1259:ISBN
1166:ISBN
926:news
398:Type
204:Sir
175:and
124:and
84:and
1424:Ore
1156:".
909:by
625:or
623:cam
276:by
221:in
69:ore
2342::
1321:.
1267:.
1257:.
1249:.
1215:^
1199:^
1183:^
1174:.
1141:^
1030:A
1010:.
793:,
789:,
280:,
183:,
179:,
44:A
2003:e
1996:t
1989:v
1637:)
1633:(
1367:e
1360:t
1353:v
1332:.
1284:.
1135:.
976:)
970:(
965:)
961:(
951:·
944:·
937:·
930:·
903:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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