781:, began in 1942 and was put in place to transform Puerto Rico into an industrial colony. Government owned factories were built to shift development to industrial factory work and, eventually, education of the factory work force. One of the effects of the growth of Puerto Rican industry changed the outlook on familial social structure. The United States ideal of small, patriarchal families also impacted the contemporary Puerto Rican family structure in policy. In an attempt to demolish poverty in shantytowns, the Puerto Rico Housing Authority established public housing by example of United States policy. The public housing further disenfranchised the large multi-generation family by dividing nuclear families into public, single-family dwellings. Links to extended family are still an important aspect to the culture of Puerto Rican family structure, however, they have been significantly weakened.
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448:(straw hut) and the hamaca (hammock), the musical instrument known as the maracas, and the method of making cassava bread. Many Taino words persist in the Puerto Rican vocabulary of today. Names of plants, trees and fruits includes: maní, leren, ají, yuca, mamey, pajuil, pitajaya, cupey, tabonuco and ceiba. Names of fish, animals and birds include:
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The relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico makes national identity complicated. Puerto Ricans maintain United States citizenship while aligning with a uniquely Puerto Rican heritage. Although the island's culture is not heterogeneous, Puerto Rico establishes several binary oppositions
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Before the United States captured Puerto Rico from Spain in 1898, the colony was agriculture based. Most worked on sugar cane, tobacco, or coffee plantations. Through the beginning of the 20th century, Puerto Ricans remained agricultural. Operation
Bootstrap, an operation of the United States and the
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At their arrival the
Spaniards expected the Taíno Indians to acknowledge the sovereignty of the king of Spain by payment of gold tribute, to work and supply provisions of food and to observe Christian ways. The Taínos rebelled, most notably in 1511, when several caciques (Indian leaders) conspired to
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The most profound
European influence is that of Spain, the island's colonizer. There are also Italian and Sicilian influences, among others. Spanish influence is the most notable of all cultural influences in Puerto Rican culture. Spanish heritage has left an indelible mark on the island, and signs
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A number of Latin
American countries have also exerted influence on Puerto Rico's cultural identity. In the filmmaking community, co-productions between Puerto Rico and other Latin American countries have created an exchange of ideas and influenced their film conventions. For instance, the Latin
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The shared
African heritage of many Caribbean nations is reflected in cultural pursuits like dance, as well as in local culinary styles. Most regional influences are Latino and Afro-Caribbean. The neighboring islands that have been the most influenced by Puerto Rico's dance and music are
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The culture of
European countries has also influenced the development of the performing arts on the island, especially in music. Many of the island's musical genres have their origins in the Spanish culture, which is responsible for such genres of music as
466:. Other words were passed not only into Spanish, but also into English, such as huracan (hurricane) and hamaca (hammock). Also, many Taíno superstitions and legends were adopted and adapted by the Spanish and still influence the Puerto Rican imagination.
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oust the
Spaniards. They were joined in this uprising by their traditional enemies, the Caribs. Their weapons, however, were no match against Spanish horses and firearms and the revolt was soon ended brutally by the Spanish forces of Governor
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With the introduction of slavery to the colony, the island experienced an influx of
Africans who brought with them the cultural influences of their own tribes. These influences are evident in the fields of dance and music, such as la
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Culturally, Puerto Rican sentiment for the U.S. tends to vary between emulation and opposition, a result of the complicated socio-political relationship between the two. Since establishment as an
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to the United States: American identity versus Puerto Rican identity, English language versus
Spanish language, Protestant versus Catholic, and British heritage versus Hispanic heritage.
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The Taínos, far more than the Caribs, contributed to the everyday life and language that evolved during the
Spanish occupation. Taíno place names are still used for such towns as
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A subgroup of the Arawakan aboriginals, a group of Native Americans in northeastern South America, inhabited the Greater Antilles, but Puerto Rico was inhabited predominantly by
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venue. The sport was passed in families, from generation to generation. There are 71 official venues and hundreds of thousands of people attend events each year. In
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in 1898, traditional economics, social structure, nationalism, and culture in Puerto Rico has been affected by Puerto Rico's relationship with the U.S.
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and Dominican immigration has been producing many new cultural influences. Significant cultural exchange has been evident between Puerto Rico and the
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is the result of a number of internal and indigenous influences, both past and present. Modern cultural manifestations showcase the island's rish
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asked for a reprieve stating the industry brings in $ 9 million each year and people employed in the industry would be left destitute.
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As a result, Taíno culture, language, and traditions were generally decimated, and were claimed to have "vanished" 20 years after
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of this cultural exchange can be found everywhere, from the Colonial architecture and official language to the island's
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Dunay, Jorge. "Nation on the Move: The Construction of Cultural Identities in Puerto Rico and the Diaspora" in
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a cockfight can be seen. In December 2019, cockfighting again became illegal in Puerto Rico, but Governor
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1315:"Overlooked No More: Julia de Burgos, a Poet Who Helped Shape Puerto Rico's Identity (Published 2018)"
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painted by Hipolito Marte Martinez, "In Puerto Rico, Melchior is always represented with dark skin"
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Rooster fighting is a sport that has been part of the Puerto Rican culture for centuries. In 1845,
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arrived. Since the early 26st century, efforts have been made to revive and rebuild Taíno culture.
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It is believed that Taíno settlements ranged from single families to groups of 3,000 people.
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with its origins in Puerto Rico, the Spanish language version of Jamaican Reggae. Eventually
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Safa, Helen. "The Transformation of Puerto Rico: The Impact of Modernization Ideology" in
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Safa, Helen. "The Transformation of Puerto Rico: The Impact of Modernization Ideology" in
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Many Taíno implements and techniques were copied directly by the Europeans, including the
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güiro, bohío, batey, caney, hamaca, nasa, petate, coy, barbacoa, batea, cabuya, casabe
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mucaro, guaraguao, iguana, cobo, carey, jicotea, guabina, manati, buruquena and juey
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is gaining greater renown outside the island for its traditional and fusion foods.
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with Cuban artists, and also helped Dominican artists with the development of
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sense of humor and fantastical elements are evident in Puerto Rican films.
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288:'La escuelo del Maestro Cordero' by Puerto Rican artist Francisco Oller.
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345: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1357:. Aldama, Frederick Luis; O'Dwyer, Tess. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Pittsburgh.
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The Atlantic. Cari Romm. 17 September 2015. Accessed 4 September 2021.
1219:"Culture or Cruelty? Puerto Rico Says No to Federal Cockfighting Ban"
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808:– the island has a World Heritage Site, and many landmarks from the
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880:, or English, Puerto Rican poetry has made great contributions to
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1159:"La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico"
1051:"Taino Tribal Census Registration: A Record of Hope and Survival"
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Poets, philosophers, lovers: on the writings of Giannina Braschi
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and help create an identitu that is uniquely Puerto Rican -
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could lack a church, but no barrio of Puerto Rico lacked a
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Puerto Rico in the American Century: A History Since 1898
307:(Native American), Spanish, African, and North American.
1098:"History; St Florent & The North East Corsica Guide"
1007:""Puerto Rico: Culture", Puerto Rico Convention Center"
1239:. The University of North Carolina Press, 2007, p. 14.
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US and Puerto Rico flags on a building in Puerto Rico
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have helped Puerto Rico gain international acclaim.
1406:Cuentos folklóricos de las montañas de Puerto Rico
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2147:Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program
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779:Puerto Rico Economic Development Administration
757:, sugar mill complex in Puerto Rico painted by
1127:"unesco heritage site in puerto rico Archives"
2623:Culture of insular areas of the United States
2301:
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1408:]. Ithaca, NY: Rutgers University Press.
1037:Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History
852:– poets, novelists, and playwrights, such as
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965:List of Puerto Rican slang words and phrases
717:Puerto Rican style Patois mixed with Spanish
454:. As well as other objects and instruments:
2594:Semi-autonomous territories are in italics.
2317:Culture of Latin America and the Caribbean
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1402:Folk Stories from the Hills of Puerto Rico
1250:The Journal of Latin American Anthropology
1077:What Your DNA Says About Medieval History.
524:and its bay from other invaders. Parts of
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970:African influence in Puerto Rican culture
950:History of performing arts in Puerto Rico
361:Learn how and when to remove this message
2618:Caribbean culture by dependent territory
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390:Statue in Old San Juan, photographed by
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1261:Cook, James. "Operation Bootstrap" in
1217:Mazzei, Patricia (December 18, 2019).
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892:poetry, and inspired many songwriters.
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2152:Puerto Rican scientists and inventors
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1235:Ayala, Cesar J. and Bernabe, Rafael.
1057:from the original on 25 November 2014
1053:. La Salita Cafe. 14 September 2014.
674:has shared creating great passionate
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1151:
343:adding citations to reliable sources
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935:Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
687:Puerto Rican artists helped create
480:Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
197:Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña
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1547:Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center
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960:Spanish immigration to Puerto Rico
476:Spanish immigration to Puerto Rico
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1428:Institute of Puerto Rican Culture
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945:German immigration to Puerto Rico
940:French immigration to Puerto Rico
930:Cultural diversity in Puerto Rico
492:German immigration to Puerto Rico
484:French immigration to Puerto Rico
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2409:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1035:Morales Carrión, Arturo (1983).
955:Irish immigration to Puerto Rico
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488:Irish immigration to Puerto Rico
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1537:1950s Nationalist Party revolts
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1333:from the original on 2020-10-11
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1199:from the original on 2021-10-09
1169:from the original on 2020-10-06
1137:from the original on 2021-10-09
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653:The Caribbean and Latin America
330:needs additional citations for
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1163:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1039:. New York: Norton & Co.
703:, especially the islands of
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1901:Puerto Rican crested anole
1291:. Vol. 19, Number 1, p. 48.
1278:. Vol. 19, Number 1, p. 46.
1265:. Vol. 150, Issue 4, p. 50.
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806:Architecture of Puerto Rico
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639:African diasporic religions
534:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
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1276:Transforming Anthropology
1252:. Vol. 6, Issue 2, p. 76.
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896:Puerto Rican comic books
767:unincorporated territory
507:in San Juan, Puerto Rico
1693:Toro Negro State Forest
1400:Ocasio, Rafael (2021).
850:Puerto Rican literature
622:, and most recently in
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2613:Culture of Puerto Rico
1414:10.36019/9781978823020
1351:Stavans, Ilan (2020).
1187:Development, PodBean.
988:Latin American culture
876:—Composed in Spanish,
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31:Culture of Puerto Rico
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2061:Operation "Bootstrap"
2012:Shadow representation
2007:Resident Commissioner
1965:Independence movement
1909:Unexpected snake eel
1522:Migration to New York
1517:Immigration to Hawaii
901:Sports in Puerto Rico
838:Cinema of Puerto Rico
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1893:Puerto Rican amazon
1302:American Ethnologist
868:Music of Puerto Rico
632:Puerto Rican Spanish
599:Wanda Vázquez Garced
418:Christopher Columbus
339:improve this article
228:World Heritage Sites
2421:Trinidad and Tobago
2333:Antigua and Barbuda
1862:Elfin woods warbler
975:Puerto Rican people
874:Puerto Rican poetry
755:Hacienda La Fortuna
2372:Dominican Republic
2076:Telecommunications
2000:Statehood movement
1875:Mona ground iguana
1754:Puerto Rico Trench
1725:Isleta de San Juan
1512:Jones–Shafroth Act
1502:Intentona de Yauco
1319:The New York Times
1223:The New York Times
1131:Puerto Rico By GPS
1083:2021-08-30 at the
1013:on January 2, 2007
921:Puerto Rico portal
862:Lin-Manual Miranda
832:Art in Puerto Rico
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2018:
2017:Supreme Court
2015:
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1867:Golden coquí
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1800:Endemic flora
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591:'s video for
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569:Manuel Alonso
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351:November 2014
344:
340:
334:
333:
328:This section
326:
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286:
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62:
60:
57:
55:
54:Puerto Ricans
52:
51:
50:
49:
45:
44:
40:
36:
35:
32:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
2593:
2587:Dependencies
2544:
2415:Sint Maarten
2414:
2392:
2391:
2360:
2338:
2175:Architecture
2166:
2127:Demographics
1950:Constitution
1944:(government)
1880:Monito gecko
1720:Isla de Mona
1649:San Juan Bay
1644:Mayagüez Bay
1532:World War II
1492:Pre-Columbus
1405:
1401:
1381:. Retrieved
1353:
1346:
1335:. Retrieved
1318:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1288:
1283:
1275:
1270:
1262:
1257:
1249:
1244:
1236:
1231:
1222:
1212:
1201:. Retrieved
1192:
1182:
1171:. Retrieved
1162:
1139:. Retrieved
1130:
1121:
1110:. Retrieved
1101:
1092:
1076:
1071:
1059:. Retrieved
1045:
1036:
1015:. Retrieved
1011:the original
1001:
981:
980:
797:
783:
775:
764:
754:
721:
686:
656:
647:storytelling
636:
617:
611:
608:
589:Daddy Yankee
585:cockfighting
566:
559:
553:
547:
541:
538:
530:La Fortaleza
526:Old San Juan
522:Old San Juan
510:
495:
441:
422:
415:
407:
402:
396:
374:
357:
348:
337:Please help
332:verification
329:
293:
291:
218:Coat of arms
105:Architecture
30:
15:
2458:El Salvador
2404:Saint Lucia
2393:Puerto Rico
2142:LGBT rights
2066:Real estate
2043:Agriculture
1955:Debt crisis
1683:Dry forests
1567:Immigration
1542:Vietnam War
1527:World War I
1507:Foraker Act
1465:Puerto Rico
1061:28 November
689:Salsa music
594:Barrio Fino
296:Puerto Rico
294:culture of
130:Handicrafts
69:Immigration
2607:Categories
2453:Costa Rica
2215:Literature
2050:(currency)
1822:Amphibians
1661:Crash Boat
1485:Chronology
1383:2020-10-06
1373:1143649021
1337:2020-10-06
1203:2021-10-09
1173:2020-10-06
1141:2020-10-06
1112:2021-10-09
1017:January 4,
994:References
818:Jose Firpi
715:, such as
641:, such as
514:literature
496:ooga boiga
403:yucayeque.
311:Influences
165:Television
155:Newspapers
150:News media
135:Literature
2576:Venezuela
2514:Argentina
2473:Nicaragua
2463:Guatemala
2325:Caribbean
2132:Education
2086:Transport
1903:(reptile)
1774:Portugués
1619:Geography
1327:0362-4331
882:Nuyorican
878:Spanglish
705:St. Croix
695:. Recent
681:reggaeton
626:reggaeton
574:El Gíbaro
177:Monuments
125:Festivals
74:Languages
2566:Suriname
2556:Paraguay
2534:Colombia
2468:Honduras
2367:Dominica
2350:Barbados
2270:Category
2157:Religion
2117:Abortion
1980:Military
1960:Governor
1930:Politics
1895:(parrot)
1844:Reptiles
1747:San Juan
1737:Mayagüez
1710:Desecheo
1671:Flamenco
1666:El Tuque
1585:Corsican
1469:articles
1377:Archived
1331:Archived
1197:Archived
1167:Archived
1135:Archived
1106:Archived
1081:Archived
1055:Archived
982:General:
907:See also
886:American
789:Pursuits
761:in 1885.
693:Merengue
643:Santeria
532:are now
505:dominoes
429:Mayagüez
187:Painting
84:Religion
79:Holidays
23:a series
21:Part of
2571:Uruguay
2539:Ecuador
2519:Bolivia
2387:Jamaica
2377:Grenada
2361:Curaçao
2345:Bahamas
2254:Outline
2205:Cuisine
2190:Casinos
2167:Culture
2105:Society
2091:Welfare
2081:Tourism
2048:Dollar
2031:Economy
1854:Endemic
1839:Mammals
1832:Vieques
1789:Ecology
1700:Islands
1678:Forests
1656:Beaches
1631:Barrios
1580:Chinese
1575:African
1477:History
812:era to
769:of the
713:Culebra
709:Vieques
697:Haitian
668:Jamaica
437:Humacao
301:history
205:Symbols
115:Cuisine
64:History
46:Society
2551:Guyana
2524:Brazil
2496:Mexico
2478:Panama
2448:Belize
2275:Portal
2235:Sports
2195:Cinema
2137:Health
1985:Police
1911:(fish)
1887:(fish)
1869:(frog)
1759:Rivers
1605:Jewish
1595:German
1590:French
1467:
1371:
1361:
1325:
1263:Forbes
888:, and
860:, and
711:, and
672:Panama
666:, and
662:, the
605:Africa
580:barrio
558:, and
543:decima
490:, and
470:Europe
435:, and
433:Caguas
425:Utuado
399:Tainos
223:Anthem
192:Sports
145:Cinema
110:Cinema
92:Topics
59:Jíbaro
25:on the
2529:Chile
2382:Haiti
2339:Aruba
2261:Index
2225:Music
2220:Media
2122:Crime
1827:Birds
1810:Fauna
1742:Ponce
1635:Bays
1600:Irish
1404:[
619:plena
616:, la
613:bomba
561:mambo
555:danza
463:canoa
445:bohio
382:Taíno
305:Taíno
182:Music
160:Radio
140:Media
120:Dance
2561:Peru
2355:Cuba
2210:Flag
1369:OCLC
1359:ISBN
1323:ISSN
1063:2014
1019:2007
890:slam
824:and
660:Cuba
549:seis
528:and
516:and
460:and
375:Tano
292:The
213:Flag
2180:Art
2071:Tax
1970:Law
1410:doi
816:by
341:by
100:Art
2609::
1375:.
1367:.
1329:.
1317:.
1221:.
1195:.
1191:.
1165:.
1161:.
1150:^
1133:.
1129:.
1104:.
1100:.
1027:^
884:,
856:,
820:,
719:.
707:,
670:.
564:.
552:,
546:,
536:.
486:,
482:,
478:,
431:,
427:,
413:.
2309:e
2302:t
2295:v
1457:e
1450:t
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1416:.
1412::
1386:.
1340:.
1225:.
1206:.
1176:.
1144:.
1115:.
1065:.
1021:.
828:.
364:)
358:(
353:)
349:(
335:.
273:e
266:t
259:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
