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743:
550:
coffee when they were invited into the Union
Association. They played exactly nine games, all on the road, at the end of the season. The Saints went 2–6–1. Three other UA teams played 25 games or less, with the Saints playing the fewest. The Union Association folded in January 1885. (Although the league is conventionally listed as a major league, this status has been questioned by a number of modern baseball historians, most notably
147:
762:. NHL rules dictate that a team carry at least two goaltenders in every game; however, there are sometimes circumstances (such as a short-notice trade or a mid-game injury) when a team only has one goaltender on the roster and does not have time to call up another from the AHL. In such a case, any goaltender 22 years of age or older can be signed as a
524:
on
September 15, 1971. Yount hurt his elbow while warming up and was removed from the game before ever throwing a pitch. He never made it back to the major leagues. By official rule, pitchers who leave the game due to injury after being announced are credited with a game appearance; thus Yount is
766:
to a short-term contract to fill the second goaltender position until a more permanent solution can be found. Since the other goaltender is certain to play the game in question and is not likely to be injured during game play, the backup goaltender is likely never to set foot on the ice during game
670:
were making it more challenging for professional baseball teams to fill out their rosters. Nuxhall is the youngest player ever to appear in a major-league baseball game. He came back to the majors in 1952 and had a 14-year playing career, and later spent many years as a member of the Reds broadcast
623:
was suspended for fighting a fan in the stands, 16 members of the Tigers voted to go on strike in support of Cobb. Unable to field a team for their May 18 game in
Philadelphia, the Tigers scrounged up nine replacement players from around the city. Philadelphia drubbed the replacement Tigers by a
549:
went 94–19) and poor attendance in a country that suddenly was oversaturated with baseball teams. As the season wore on, teams began to fold, and the league scrounged around for replacements. The last of these replacements were the minor-league Saints (Apostles), an entire team that got a cup of
142:
late in the season. For many years, this occurred from
September 1 through the end of the regular season (typically late September or early October). Before the 2020 season, active major-league rosters expanded from 25 players to 40; however, since 2020, rosters expand only from 26 to 28. Notable
37:
683:
farmhand who got called up in 2005. In his major-league debut, on July 9, Greenberg was hit in the head with the first pitch he ever saw in the majors. Seven years later, and after an online publicity campaign on his behalf, Greenberg got another at-bat as a member of the
496:
as a pinch-hitter, he was hit by the third pitch he saw. He never made it back to the majors. Van Dusen is the only player to be hit by a pitch in his only major-league plate appearance, and to never play the
611:, who played one game in 1879, preceded the Walkers as a black major-league ballplayer, although White's ethnicity can't be definitely determined and likely was not known to baseball authorities.)
408:
discovered that he actually played two innings. Also, there was at least one base hit to the outfield while Graham was in the game, so he might have gotten the chance to field a ball in play.)
545:
began operation in 1884, and is listed in many sources as a third major league. However, the league faced multiple problems, including an uneven distribution of talent (the league champion
480:, four runs scored, career batting average and on-base-percentage of 1.000. Of the 27 players in MLB history with batting averages of 1.000, Paciorek is the only one with three at-bats.
283:
maintains lists of players who have appeared in only one major-league game; as of April 2024, there are over 1,500 batters and over 700 pitchers listed. Some notable players include:
351:
346:, throwing at the smallest strike zone of all time, walked Gaedel on four pitches. Major League Baseball voided Gaedel's contract the next day and he never appeared in a game again.
65:
213:. Included on the Angels' postseason roster as a replacement for an injured player, he was the winning pitcher of five playoff games for Anaheim and helped them to victory in the
505:. Wright appeared in one game for the 2002 Seattle Mariners. In that game he accounted for six outs by striking out, hitting into a double play, and hitting into a triple play.
436:
on
September 26, 1997, throwing two scoreless innings, giving up one hit and three walks while striking out three batters and being credited as the winning pitcher against the
560:. James and other baseball historians have noted the league's extreme instability and lack of major-league talent; James has also found that the contemporary
404:. (Graham's story is reported incorrectly in the movie and in other sources. Contrary to the film's assertion that Graham only played one half-inning, the
726:
1432:
1321:
1459:
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on April 21. He had no fielding chances and the game was won before he came to bat. In
October 1918, Burr died in France while serving in World War I.
1360:, reporting that Fred Chapman (listed in the Baseball Almanac page as playing a game at age 14) was actually a "Frank Chapman" who was 26 at the time
653:
520:, appeared in a game without ever actively participating in a game. He was summoned from the bullpen to pitch the top of the ninth inning for the
591:. His brother Welday also played for Toledo that year, debuting after Moses and playing for six games. The Walker brothers are the first known
1534:
696:. Kiger is the only player to have only appeared in the major-league postseason but never in a regular-season game. He made his debut with the
556:
192:
161:, who played five late-season games in 1908, five more in 1909, and 20 in 1910 before finally making the major leagues for good in 1911.
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and sent into a game as a pinch-hitter on August 19. His uniform number was 1/8. The promotional stunt ended when pitcher
311:
121:'s character, a middle-aged former pitcher, says, "I was in the bigs for a cup of coffee myself until my arm went south."
538:
775:
in 2014 despite not playing goalie since high school). This position is typically held by an older, retired goaltender (
476:
on the last day of the season. He came to the plate five times, and did the following: two walks, three singles, three
883:
767:
play. Thus, players with little to no experience can sometimes have a short cup of coffee in the NHL (video technician
384:, neither making a putout nor getting a chance to bat. He would leave baseball and enjoy a long career as a doctor in
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Another variant of the cup-of-coffee in baseball is a player who only appears in a single major-league game.
68:
level. The idea behind the term is that the player was only in the big leagues long enough to have a cup of
323:
1506:
of 'cups of coffee' at
Baseball Reference—all the players in MLB history who appeared in exactly one game
663:
381:
359:
168:
45:
616:
252:
210:
676:
239:
as having had particularly impressive
September call-up performances, and who had long careers, were
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Other players, who had cup-of-coffee major-league appearances under unusual circumstances, include:
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105:
1150:
1113:
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632:. Of the nine replacement players, the only one to ever appear in a major-league game again was
1263:
945:
1419:
911:
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771:
is one such example; he was pulled out of the stands to fill the position for one game for the
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732:
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280:
85:
873:
972:
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502:
489:
461:
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264:
81:
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went the whole game for
Detroit, giving up 24 runs (a modern-day record), 14 of which were
608:
394:
377:
158:
1222:
709:
8:
1346:
636:, who made it back for one more game in 1916 (and later was one of the fixers behind the
604:
385:
319:
295:
260:
113:
1275:
toledoblade.com – Prestige of 1st black major leaguer likely no longer belongs to Toledo
175:. He pitched in 12 more games in 1893, then never appeared in another major-league game.
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and played in two games at second base as a defensive replacement; he did not have a
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637:
592:
546:
542:
214:
167:, who made his major-league debut on the last day of the season, October 15, for the
97:
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334:. Gaedel, who was three feet, seven inches tall, was put on the roster of the 1951
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705:
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493:
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400:
376:. Graham was an outfielder who played two innings of one game on defense for the
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138:, in which major-league clubs call up additional players from their minor-league
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One example of how this term is used in a sentence was during the 1996 film
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331:
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61:
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by 63 years. The Toledo franchise folded after 1884 and player boycotts (
143:
players who made their debuts with a late-season "cup of coffee" include:
784:
659:
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517:
510:
413:
240:
218:
178:
41:
1090:
977:
950:
763:
759:
693:
629:
551:
448:. LeRoy never played for the Devil Rays, and died on June 25, 2001, in
429:
339:
256:
236:
93:
77:
26:
1198:
768:
600:
322:. Normally a pitcher, Burr played one inning in center field for the
248:
172:
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89:
350:
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73:
36:
21:
This article is about the sports expression. For the beverage, see
1460:"Retired NHL G Dwayne Roloson steps in as Ducks' emergency backup"
666:
at the age of 15, during a time when the manpower requirements of
416:. Normally an infielder, Hargis made his lone MLB appearance as a
758:
A special case unique to the NHL is that of the emergency backup
739:
or other professional leagues are common in professional hockey.
620:
1114:"Atlanta Braves at New York Mets Box Score, September 26, 1997"
69:
22:
525:
listed as playing in one game despite never actually doing so.
57:
564:
didn't consider the Union
Association to be a major league.)
72:
before being returned to the minors. The term originated in
1264:
Before Jackie: The Life And Times Of Moses Fleetwood Walker
787:, for instance, served in those positions for games in the
716:, but later made his regular-season debut on July 26, 2016.
453:
1322:"BIOPROJ.SABR.ORG :: The Baseball Biography Project"
946:"The 1914 NY A Regular Season Fielding Log for Tom Burr"
146:
1408:"UNC alum Adam Greenberg gets second chance in majors"
290:. Alston struck out in his only career at-bat for the
44:
made his debut at age 15 via a cup of coffee with the
1433:"Welcome to the NHL, Ryan Vinz | Artvoice Daily"
648:
with indefinite bans, came back for their next game.
424:
on the next-to-last day of the season, September 29.
388:, Minnesota. His story was made famous when author
1286:
ESPN – Was William Edward White really first? – MLB
1042:
SABR :|| SABR-Zine | The Real Moonlight Graham
727:
List of players who played only one game in the NHL
1485:Brian Gionta's first goals lead Sabres past Sharks
124:
1024:Field of Dreams Movie Site – Shoeless Joe Jackson
654:Detroit Tigers replacement players (May 18, 1912)
302:and Los Angeles, winning seven pennants and four
1511:
1370:ESPN – Greenberg won't let dream slip away – MLB
1246:Walker, Moses Fleetwood – Negro Baseball Player
875:The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract
440:. On November 18, 1997, he was selected by the
1425:
640:). The real Tigers, after being threatened by
195:, who made his major-league debut by pitching
587:. Moses Walker played 42 games for the 1884
488:. Van Dusen was a September call-up for the
398:, which was then adapted into the hit movie
1062:"Hollywood did not invent Moonlight Graham"
973:"New York Yankees 3, Washington Senators 2"
735:and spend the rest of their careers in the
557:The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract
1347:Tenure and Age Records by Baseball Almanac
472:. Paciorek played one game with the 1963
1162:"The Short and Happy Career of Ron Wright
1053:
731:Players who play only a few games in the
595:major league baseball players, predating
1203:Rob Neyer's Big Book of Baseball Lineups
741:
702:2006 American League Championship Series
567:
349:
259:, who hit .417 with 5 home runs, a .972
145:
134:One variant of the cup of coffee is the
35:
1393:"An Out Well Worth Waiting 7 Years For"
662:. Nuxhall appeared in one game for the
1512:
1457:
1086:"Chicago Cubs 7, Pittsburgh Pirates 6"
1059:
603:being a ringleader) upheld baseball's
529:
406:Society for American Baseball Research
231:, and is also a Hall of Fame inductee.
80:, both of whose professional leagues (
1535:Metaphors referring to food and drink
1151:Mariners 9, Rangers 7, April 14, 2002
871:
251:, who hit .419 in 43 at bats for the
243:, who hit .426 in 47 at bats for the
185:, and was eventually inducted to the
129:
108:have implemented a true farm system.
1435:. blogs.artvoice.com. Archived from
1358:SABR Biographical Research Committee
878:. The Free Press. pp. 269–270.
754:included 16 minutes of playing time.
607:. (Further research indicates that
274:
13:
1458:Peters, Chris (November 2, 2014).
432:. LeRoy pitched one game with the
14:
1546:
1497:
1483:Hoppe, Bill (November 19, 2014).
1223:1884 St. Paul Apostles Statistics
1177:Whatever happened to Larry Yount?
420:in an extra-innings game for the
267:percentage in 36 at bats for the
1235:Baseball Prospectus | Unfiltered
720:
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1035:
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1005:
993:
306:championships. He entered the
125:Notable baseball cups of coffee
1491:. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
965:
938:
926:
899:
865:
853:
841:
829:
817:
187:National Baseball Hall of Fame
181:, who played 21 games for the
31:Cup of Coffee (disambiguation)
1:
1205:. 2003, Simon and Schuster,
1060:Walker, Ben (June 25, 2005).
811:
227:who played 13 games with the
209:innings in September for the
56:" is a North American sports
60:for a short time spent by a
7:
1047:September 26, 2007, at the
1012:Moonlight Graham Statistics
794:
76:and is extensively used in
16:North American sports idiom
10:
1551:
752:2007–08 Colorado Avalanche
750:'s cup-of-coffee with the
724:
688:. He struck out swinging.
651:
358:'s cup of coffee with the
229:1981 Philadelphia Phillies
20:
1381:Adam Greenberg Statistics
1251:January 25, 2008, at the
513:. Yount, the brother of
392:included it in his novel
25:. For the container, see
1297:Allan Travers Statistics
1139:John Paciorek Statistics
1029:August 24, 2007, at the
933:Walter Alston Statistics
860:Ryne Sandberg Statistics
624:score of 24–2. Pitcher
619:replacement team. When
294:. He later managed the
292:1936 St. Louis Cardinals
269:1998 St. Louis Cardinals
245:1941 St. Louis Cardinals
217:, all before he made an
183:1992 Los Angeles Dodgers
1309:Billy Maharg Statistics
1067:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1000:Eddie Gaedel Statistics
907:"Cup of Coffee Players"
836:Bumpus Jones Statistics
422:1979 Pittsburgh Pirates
153:pitching for the Angels
92:; it is rarely used in
1530:Ice hockey terminology
1525:Basketball terminology
1422:Baseball-Reference.com
1383:Baseball-Reference.com
1311:Baseball-Reference.com
1299:Baseball-Reference.com
1225:Baseball-Reference.com
1141:Baseball-Reference.com
1120:. Sports Reference LLC
1014:Baseball-Reference.com
1002:Baseball-Reference.com
935:Baseball-Reference.com
912:Baseball-Reference.com
862:Baseball-Reference.com
850:Baseball-Reference.com
848:Mike Piazza Statistics
838:Baseball-Reference.com
826:Baseball-Reference.com
824:Joe Jackson Statistics
755:
737:American Hockey League
733:National Hockey League
712:made his debut in the
581:Moses Fleetwood Walker
576:
573:Moses Fleetwood Walker
492:in 1955. In his first
369:
281:Baseball-Reference.com
154:
49:
29:. For other uses, see
1420:Mark Kiger Statistics
745:
725:Further information:
589:Toledo Blue Stockings
571:
490:Philadelphia Phillies
353:
324:1914 New York Yankees
308:Baseball Hall of Fame
265:on-base plus slugging
149:
39:
1520:Baseball terminology
1094:. September 29, 1979
872:James, Bill (2001).
664:1944 Cincinnati Reds
609:William Edward White
442:Tampa Bay Devil Rays
360:1905 New York Giants
169:1892 Cincinnati Reds
159:Shoeless Joe Jackson
88:) utilize extensive
46:1944 Cincinnati Reds
617:1912 Detroit Tigers
530:Other circumstances
362:was made famous by
261:slugging percentage
253:1974 Boston Red Sox
211:2002 Anaheim Angels
193:Francisco RodrĂguez
151:Francisco RodrĂguez
1489:Olean Times Herald
1410:, Associated Press
1118:Baseball Reference
806:Phantom ballplayer
789:2014–15 NHL season
756:
679:. Greenberg was a
577:
456:after suffering a
370:
338:by maverick owner
235:Players listed by
155:
130:September call-ups
100:since neither the
50:
714:2015 World Series
710:Adalberto MondesĂ
698:Oakland Athletics
638:Black Sox Scandal
547:St. Louis Maroons
543:Union Association
474:Houston Colt .45s
215:2002 World Series
136:September call-up
98:American football
40:Baseball pitcher
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1439:on March 4, 2014
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1324:. Archived from
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981:. April 21, 1914
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833:
827:
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706:plate appearance
494:plate appearance
374:Moonlight Graham
356:Moonlight Graham
336:St. Louis Browns
298:for 23 years in
275:One-game players
208:
207:
203:
200:
171:. Jones threw a
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1328:on June 7, 2011
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642:American League
597:Jackie Robinson
562:Baseball Guides
539:St. Paul Saints
532:
446:expansion draft
401:Field of Dreams
382:the 1905 season
378:New York Giants
365:Field of Dreams
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1498:External links
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1397:New York Times
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801:One-hit wonder
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777:Dwayne Roloson
773:Buffalo Sabres
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690:
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677:Adam Greenberg
673:
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652:Main article:
650:
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613:
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541:of 1884. The
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528:
527:
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522:Houston Astros
507:
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499:
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486:Fred Van Dusen
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462:brain aneurysm
434:Atlanta Braves
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119:Robert De Niro
64:player at the
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511:Larry Yount
414:Gary Hargis
354:Outfielder
241:Stan Musial
219:Opening Day
179:Mike Piazza
117:, in which
42:Joe Nuxhall
1514:Categories
1332:August 28,
1199:Neyer, Rob
1091:Retrosheet
978:Retrosheet
951:Retrosheet
812:References
764:free agent
760:goaltender
694:Mark Kiger
644:president
552:Bill James
503:Ron Wright
450:Sioux City
430:John LeRoy
340:Bill Veeck
257:J. D. Drew
237:Bill James
140:farm teams
94:basketball
78:ice hockey
27:coffee cup
1213:, p. 104.
769:Ryan Vinz
601:Cap Anson
575:, c. 1884
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173:no-hitter
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985:April 4,
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891:June 20,
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344:Bob Cain
320:Tom Burr
300:Brooklyn
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1471:2014
1445:2014
1334:2007
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1126:2019
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312:1983
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