77:
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911:, and to aid in the salvation of souls by instructing them in their homes. ... Family religion is waning in many branches. And what avails public preaching alone, though we could preach like angels? We must, yea, every traveling preacher must instruct the people from house to house." The Presbyterian Church (USA) is structured so that there is parity between lay leaders and pastors. Deacons and elders are ordained, with specific duties.
124:
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808:. It is perhaps the first pastoral work written, although he was only a deacon when he penned it. It stresses the dignity of the priesthood. The priest, it says, is greater than kings, angels, or parents, but priests are for that reason most tempted to pride and ambition. They, more than anyone else, need clear and unshakable wisdom, patience that disarms pride, and exceptional prudence in dealing with souls.
523:. He emphasized that pastoral care should strengthen the freedom and autonomy of individual members within a congregation. As early as 1777, the field of Pastoral Theology was introduced into the curriculum of the University of Vienna (Austria) under Franz Stephan Rautenstrauch, and was taught in the national language rather than Latin. In Germany, it was further developed and disseminated primarily by
562:
Pastoral
Psychology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pastoralpsychologie – DGfP). The five approaches are clinical pastoral care (Klinische Seelsorge Ausbildung - KSA), the group-organisation-system approach (Gruppe-Organisation, System), the Gestalt and psychodrama approach (Gestalt und Psychodrama), the person-centric approach (Personenzentriert) and the depth psychology approach (Tiefenpsychologie).
822:
550:, and pastoral psychotherapy. This distinction can still be found nowadays, especially in written English papers. According to this definition, pastoral care describes the general work of the clergy of taking care of the people in their community. This comprises funerals, hospital visits, birthday visits or dialogues that do not focus only on a specific problem.
501:. The Latin term "cura animarum" (care of souls) emerged as the proper responsibility of the bishop as the pastor responsible for individual Christians, which he usually delegated to a priest, typically the parish priest. In this sense, "cura animarum" is also used in today's canon law of the Roman Catholic Church.
882:
is. The core practices of a pastor's ministry in mainline
Protestant churches include leading worship, preaching, pastoral care, outreach, and supporting the work of the congregation. Theological Seminaries provide a curriculum that supports these key facets of ministry. Pastors are often expected to
561:
christian approaches to pastoral care include contemporary psychological knowledge, which is reflected in the training of pastoral care practitioners. For example, in
Germany, the distinctions and the curricula of the different pastoral care training approaches, are provided by the German Society for
383:
Pastoral Care is a
Christian approach to improve mental distress and has been practiced since the formation of the Christian Church. By offering guidance and counsel, it is an easy and often preferred contact point for religious people seeking help with psychological problems or personal issues. The
772:
has emphasized that the
Sacrament of Penance, or Reconciliation, is for the forgiveness of sins and not counseling and as such should not be confused with or incorporated into the therapy given to a person by a priest, even if the therapist priest is also their confessor. The two processes, both of
496:
During the Middle Ages, pastoral care was closely tied to the practice of the sacrament of penance, which included confession of sins, making amends, and absolution by the priest. Against the often mechanized routine, particularly from the monastic tradition, efforts were made to address this, such
360:
Just as the theory and philosophy behind modern pastoral care are not dependent on any one set of beliefs or traditions, pastoral care itself is guided by a broad framework. This involves personal support and outreach and is rooted in a practice of relating with the inner world of individuals from
755:
as "pastoral associates" or "pastoral assistants", lay people who serve in ministerial or administrative roles, assisting the priest in his work, but who are not ordained clerics. They are responsible, among other things, for the spiritual care of frail and housebound as well as for running a
899:
and organizing religious activities. "Pastoral ministry" includes outreach, encouragement, support, counseling and other care for members and friends of the congregation. In many churches, there are groups like deacons that provide outreach and support, often led and supported by the pastor.
537:
In the mid-1960s, the pastoral care movement spread to
Germany through the Netherlands, leading to the development of Pastoral Psychology. In the theology of the regional churches (Landeskirchen), pastoral care with a focus on pastoral psychology remains a standard practice to this day.
364:
Pastoral care is usually provided in the form of the practitioner and client sitting with each other and the client shares personal details while the practitioner keeps it private and offers guidance and counsel. In many private schools in
Australia, usually Catholic schools,
402:
Pastoral care occurs in various contexts, including congregations, hospital chaplaincy, crisis intervention, prison chaplaincy, psychiatry, telephone helplines, counseling centers, senior care facilities, disability work, hospices, end-of-life care, grief support, and more.
736:(Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, Matrimony) that is reserved to consecrated priests except for Baptism (in an emergency, anyone can baptize) and marriage, where the spouses are the ministers and the priest is the witness. Pastoral
469:
of
Caesarea mainly understood this as the concern of individuals for their own souls. Increasingly, the role of pastoral caregivers was seen as assisting individual Christians in this endeavor. The first pastoral movement emerged among the
448:, tending to needs, strengthening the weak, encouragement, feeding the flock, making provision, shielding, refreshing, restoring, leading by example to move people on in their pursuit of holiness, comforting, guiding (Ps 78:52; 23).
597:. Surveys have shown that more than two thirds of patients support non-religious pastoral care being available in British institutions. Similar offerings are available from humanist groups around Europe and North America.
417:
and their role caring for sheep. Christians were the first to adopt the term for metaphorical usage, although many religions and non-religious traditions place an emphasis on care and social responsibility. In the West,
369:
is referred to as "PCG" (pastoral care group), "pastoral period", or simply "pastoral", where the teacher is called a "PCA" (pastoral care advisor). As in
Romania, a 'PCA' also performs the role of a counsellor.
474:, who were often visited by Christians seeking advice; however, this was not yet referred to as pastoral care. Similarly, the early monastic-like communities served as such pastoral care centers. The letters of
1538:
534:, one of the key figures in the American pastoral care movement, developed the concept of "Clinical Pastoral Training" in the 1920s. This concept integrated pastoral care, psychology, and education.
573:
groups, which act on behalf of non-religious people, have developed pastoral care offerings in response to growing demand for the provision of like-minded support from populations undergoing rapid
728:
is considered to be the responsibility of all the baptized. Understood in the broad sense of "helping others", pastoral ministry is the responsibility of all
Christians. Sacramental pastoral
983:
Pastoral care is an ancient model of emotional and spiritual support that can be found in all cultures and traditions. Historically Christian but is now a multi faith community.
546:
The field of pastoral care is nowadays very specialized. Browning (1993) divided Christian care giving practices into three different categories which are pastoral care,
1533:
Arnold, Bruce Makoto, "Shepherding a Flock of a Different Fleece: A Historical and Social Analysis of the Unique Attributes of the African American Pastoral Caregiver".
832:
1306:
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In the ancient church, pastoral care primarily revolved around the Christian's struggle against sin, which jeopardized their ultimate salvation. The theologians
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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
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Among the Reformers, the emphasis shifted from the focus on sin to the emphasis on God's forgiveness and comfort, particularly evident in the works of
748:) applied the word "pastoral" to a variety of situations involving care of souls; on this point, go to the link to Monsignor Gherardini's lecture).
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for the sick and infirm is one of the most significant ways that members of the Body of Christ continue the ministry and mission of Jesus. Pastoral
585:, a network of trained and accredited volunteers and professionals who operate throughout prisons, hospitals, and universities in the UK. The terms
843:
353:
and tied to Christian beliefs. Institutional pastoral care departments in Europe are increasingly multi-faith and inclusive of non-religious,
399:) which broadly means "accompaniment", "encouragement", "admonition" and "consolation" (e.g. Rom 12:8; Phil 2:1; 1 Tim 4:13; 1 Thess 5:14).
133:
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composed the "Liber Regulae Pastoris", directed towards the Pope, one of the most influential books on pastoral care (cura) ever written.
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multitude of tasks associated with the sacramental life of the Church. If priests have the necessary qualifications in counseling or in
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contain numerous examples of pastoral counsel; the term "pastoral care" shifted towards a concern for the souls of others
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forms of support, including atheist and religious communities. It is also an important form of support found in many
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Act new guidance is provided for the care of patients and service users whatever their religion or belief.
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was understood differently at different times in history. A significant development occurred after the
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1437:"Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pastoralpsychologie e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pastoralpsychologie"
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has since expanded into pastoral care embracing many different religions and non-religious beliefs.
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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694:
1413:"Philip Schaff: NPNF2-08. Basil: Letters and Select Works - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
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in 1215 (more on this in the link to Father Boyle's lecture below). The Second Vatican Council (
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391:, the interactions that are described with the term "pastoral care" are also described with
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In the early church the term 'Poimenic' was used to describe this task of soul-care. In the
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8:
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instructs clergy with the following words: "We should endeavor to assist those under our
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which are privileged and confidential under civil and canon law, are separate by nature.
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1565:(Ashgate, Aldershot, 2006) (Explorations in Practical, Pastoral and Empirical Theology).
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Renewing Pastoral Practice: Trinitarian Perspectives on Pastoral Care and Counselling
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Workers: Pastoral Care Givers, Chaplains, Spiritual Accompanist, Spiritual Directors
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Nowadays, there exist many approaches to pastoral care which vary according to their
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model for pastoral care is based on the stories about how Jesus was healing people.
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as part of their pastoral ministry of souls. However, the church hierarchy under
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Woldemichael, Meaza T.; Broesterhuizen, Marcel; Liègeois, Axel (December 2013).
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Pastoral care as a contemporary term is distinguished from traditional pastoral
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1188:"Christian Pastoral Care and Psychotherapy: A Need for Theoretical Clarity"
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512:. In many cases, however, church discipline soon replaced pastoral care.
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784:. It is common for Youth workers/ministers to be involved in pastoral
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support. The term is considered inclusive of distinctly religious and
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1572:(Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2008) (Gender in the Middle Ages, 3).
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760:, they may offer professional psychological services when they give
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are preferred because these sound less religious than terms such as
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1004:"Jane Flint: 'Having an atheist chaplain is about patient choice'"
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are also finding a place within parishes, and this involves their
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The priesthood obligations of Orthodox clergymen are outlined by
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1378:, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pp. 342–351,
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
527:, and is considered a precursor to modern pastoral care.
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Sull'indole pastorale del Vaticano II: una valutazione
655:
recognising values and principles; morals and ethics,
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194:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
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1508:
The Constitution of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
1136:"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy and Pastoral Guidance"
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1584:
The God Gene: How Faith is Hardwired into Our Genes
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The Pastoral Care of Women in Late Medieval England
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Nachdenkliche Seelsorge - seelsorgliches Nachdenken
428:The Bible does not explicitly define the role of a
1488:The Discipline of the Evangelical Wesleyan Church
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988:
1661:
1611:The Pastoral Nature of Vatican II: An Evaluation
1543:Multi-faith Centre, University of Canberra, 2013
1319:
606:Compare and contrast pastoral care and pastoral
27:Model of emotional, social and spiritual support
1621:(Frigento, Italy: Casa Mariana Editrice, 2011).
663:for individuals and small groups like families
515:In the 19th century, the Protestant theologian
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1067:Non-Religious Pastoral Care: A Practical Guide
565:
357:approaches to providing support and comfort.
1535:The Journal of Pastoral Care and Counseling,
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1289:"University of Canberra, Multi-faith Centre"
1112:"University of Canberra, Multi-faith Centre"
975:"University of Canberra, Multi-faith Centre"
788:and are required to have a qualification in
1619:Concilio Vaticano II, un concilio pastorale
1605:St. Thomas Aquinas and the Third Millennium
1556:Pastoral Theology in an Intercultural World
792:before entering into this arm of ministry.
134:promotes the subject in a subjective manner
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
432:but associates it with teaching. Pastoral
255:. Please do not remove this message until
1613:, by Brunero Gherardini. Translation of:
1577:Evaluating Models of Christian Counseling
1192:Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling
1098:"NSW Government, Department of Education"
862:Learn how and when to remove this message
293:Learn how and when to remove this message
275:Learn how and when to remove this message
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
156:Learn how and when to remove this message
1504:
874:There are many assumptions about what a
251:Relevant discussion may be found on the
190:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1558:(Cleveland, (OH), Pilgrim Press, 2006).
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14:
1662:
1505:(U.S.A.), Presbyterian Church (1994).
1370:Morgenthaler, Christoph (2012-04-04),
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583:Non-Religious Pastoral Support Network
489:At the transition to the Middle Ages,
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1347:
1002:Hélène Mulholland (25 October 2017).
969:
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636:Implementation of a system of belief
1579:(Eugene (OR), Wipf and Stock, 2011).
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1511:. Office of the General Assembly.
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601:Pastoral care vs pastoral ministry
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136:without imparting real information
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1551:(San Francisco, HarperOne, 2006).
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1134:Rizzuto, Ana-María (March 1998).
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45:This article has multiple issues.
1356:Lexikon fur Theologie und Kirche
1031:"NHS Chaplaincy Guidelines 2015"
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1670:Christian religious occupations
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53:or discuss these issues on the
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1:
1069:. Routledge. pp. 34–56.
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732:is the administration of the
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1330:. Partnership. p. 227.
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7:
1554:Emmanuel Yartekwei Lartey,
1537:Vol. 66, No. 2. (June 2012
1492:Evangelical Wesleyan Church
1461:"Humanist Pastoral Support"
1243:"What Makes Care Pastoral?"
942:Clinical pastoral education
914:
905:Evangelical Wesleyan Church
666:Support: From a particular
581:, for example, manages the
257:conditions to do so are met
88:to comply with Knowledge's
10:
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1441:www.pastoralpsychologie.de
1384:10.13109/9783666624179.342
1204:10.1177/154230501306700406
1152:10.1177/002234099805200109
883:also be involved in local
804:(347–407) in his treatise
566:Humanist and non-religious
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332:and religious traditions.
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1259:10.1007/s11089-010-0296-5
1328:Church Leaders Hand Book
1140:Journal of Pastoral Care
517:Friedrich Schleiermacher
101:may contain suggestions.
86:may need to be rewritten
1586:. New York: Doubleday.
1326:Rowdon, Harold (2002).
753:lay ecclesial ministers
532:Anton Theophilus Boisen
1061:Savage, David (2018).
842:by rewriting it in an
742:Fourth Lateran Council
555:religious denomination
530:In the United States,
450:
444:…Shepherding involves
1675:Christian terminology
695:Ministers of Religion
525:Johann Michael Sailer
459:Clement of Alexandria
442:
349:, which is primarily
1582:Hamer, Dean (2004).
1494:. 2015. p. 108.
699:Pastoral Counselling
670:for the masses like
499:Bernard of Clairvaux
480:Gregory of Nazianzus
183:factual accuracy is
1680:Religion and health
1607:, by Leonard Boyle.
1568:Beth Allison Barr,
1549:Spiritual Direction
1307:"Ephesians 4:10–12"
1247:Pastoral Psychology
937:Clearness committee
887:, such as hospital
762:pastoral counseling
668:systematic theology
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548:pastoral counseling
395:(Greek: παράκλησις
361:all walks of life.
244:of this article is
844:encyclopedic style
831:is written like a
776:Youth workers and
672:organised religion
661:systematic beliefs
617:Pastoral ministry
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577:, such as the UK.
521:Practical Theology
510:Heinrich Bullinger
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1656:
1393:978-3-525-62417-3
1337:978-0-900128-23-3
903:For example, the
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806:On the Priesthood
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413:relates to
1664:Categories
1472:5 February
1446:2023-08-18
1422:2023-08-20
1399:2023-08-20
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1082:18 January
1043:18 January
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