1055:) in denominations of 1, 2, 3, 10, 20, 50, and 100 pesos. A little over one million pesos were issued. These notes were accepted at face value for 50% of import taxes, 100% of export taxes, or 60% of the value of salt produced by the state monopoly. They were legal tender for all state creditors and for individuals who had declared in writing their willingness to receive them. The public avoided the notes, so their acceptance was made obligatory (8 October 1861). A decree of 27 January 1862 authorized the exchange of treasury notes for silver coin, .666 fine, and guaranteed their withdrawal within one year. When the Supreme Court ruled that the notes were not obligatory on individuals for debts contracted before 24 August 1861, President Mosquera passed a decree (11 August 1862) making the notes obligatory for individuals, regardless of the origin and date of a debt.
1093:
September 1864. These coins were no longer legal tender between individuals, and they were not accepted in the State of Panamá. The states of Boyacá and
Santander immediately prohibited circulation of coin .666 fine, so that such coin flowed into Cundinamarca, where it was still legal tender for public debts. There was considerable speculation in these coins in Bogotá, where they came to form the bulk of circulation. Consequently, a law of 7 April 1864 restored legal tender status, in payment of public debts, to all coin less than .900 fine (but not in the State of Panamá) and budgeted 80,000 pesos to re-coin .666 fine silver (for which purpose a third mint opened at
1119:
décimo, both .666 fine. The 2, 1, and 1/2 décimo coins were legal tender only to 10 pesos, but the 1/2 peso, only .835 fine, was unlimited legal tender. This would become a problem when the price of silver began falling in 1873. The gold cóndor was defined equal to 10 pesos in gold or silver. Copper was made legal tender to 2 décimos among individuals, but was received without limit by public offices. The law also made old
Colombian coins legal tender at face value, and it prohibited the import of any silver coin less than .835 fine or any gold coin less than .900 fine. Gold and silver coin of France, Belgium, Italy, and Switzerland was accepted by public offices.
490:
482:
717:; (b) it provided for uniform fineness; and, (c) it provided for strict proportionality among the coins. Its shortcomings were: (a) it introduced a third peso, .900 fine, to circulate alongside the 1836 peso (.903 fine) and the 1839 peso (.666 fine); (b) it made the real the standard unit rather than the peso, to which people were accustomed; and (c) it did not order the immediate recoining of gold, allowing coins of two finenesses to circulate: the older Spanish, Colombian and the Granadine, all .875 fine, weighing 27.058 g, and the new onza, .900 fine, weighing 25.806 g.
698:. The first step (23 May 1846) was to permit the export of gold dust and gold bullion, subject only to a duty of 6%. The second step (2 June 1846) was to establish the silver real as the monetary unit and to adopt a uniform fineness of .900. The final step was to adopt the French decimal system (27 April 1847) and to permit French and Belgian coin to circulate. This reform rejected bimetalism in favor of a silver standard, but the following period (1847–1861) saw a continuing debate about whether silver or gold was preferable as a monetary standard.
1101:
abandoned the theory of plurality of issue and again authorized the government to establish a national bank. Gen
Mosquera sanctioned (4 July 1866) the issue of Treasury notes, legal tender for all public debts except import dues. The government was authorized to exchange old Granadine and Colombian coins .666 fine for Treasury notes. Negotiations were conducted with Robinson & Fleming of London for "El Banco de los Estados Unidos de Colombia" to issue legal tender notes, with a minimum denomination of 5 pesos.
64:. In 1836, in New Granada, new monetary laws were passed, to standardise the money produced in the country. From 1861 to 1862, due to financial instability, the United States of New Granada accepted British currency, the name of the country becoming the United States of Colombia in 1862. In 1880, Colombia pegged the peso to the gold standard due to the falling price of silver. In 1886, the paper peso was introduced. In 1931, Colombia abandoned the gold standard and switched to the current form of the peso.
535:. It provided for a gold coinage of an onza (28.76 g) and its half (media onza), quarter (doblón), eighth (escudo), and sixteenth (the colombiano de oro or gold peso, 1.797238 g), a silver coinage of a peso or colombiano de plata and its half, quarter (peseta), eighth (real), sixteenth (medio real), and thirty-second (cuartillo), and a copper 1/8 real (7.19 g). It ordered the withdrawal of macuquinas of below-standard fineness. A supplementary law of 17 May 1826, provided for a platinum coinage.
454:, which adopted the coin standard of 1786 for gold and of 1772 for silver. While a "strong" peso in good Spanish colonial coin amounted to over 24 g fine silver, a peso in macuquina varied between .908 and .916 fine with an average weight of about 25 g, giving 22.75-23.00 g fine silver. Copper coins minted at Cartagena and Santa Marta, and silver of inferior quality was ordered withdrawn (29 September 1821), but the government lacked the resources needed to do this.
745:). The notes were to be of two kinds, silver notes for 40, 80, 160, 200, 400, 600, and 800 reales, and gold notes for 5, 10, 25, and 50 escudos. They would eventually be redeemed, the silver notes for their face value in silver coin, the gold notes in gold escudos or in their legal equivalent in gold or in silver coin at the current rate of exchange. The notes were never issued (proofs are known).
1572:
the demand for
Colombian exports combined with a forced reduction in imports resulted in peso appreciation. In 1919 US$ 100 could be bought for 90.50 pesos (par being 103). The situation changed completely in 1920 as demand for and prices of Colombian exports fell, while imports increased. Exchange on New York reached bottom in October 1920 at 122 pesos for US$ 100. Steady improvement followed.
1501:
1493:
1247:
of 1857). Copper was made legal tender to 50 centavos per transaction, altered in 1872 to 50 centavos for every 50 pesos in gold or silver (equivalent to 1% per transaction). A law of May 5, 1872 divided the peso de oro into 100 centavos. The fall in the world price of silver from 1872 on broke the 15.5 ratio. Gold coin was undervalued in
Colombia and tended to disappear from circulation.
710:
gold napoleón (20 franc piece). There would be two coins of pure copper: a décimo de real and its half, legal tender to 2 reales. The décimo was equivalent to the French and
Belgian 5 céntimos (centimes) and to the centavo (cent) of the United States. The 1846 law provided that silver coins in circulation, Colombian and Granadian, continue to be accepted by all tax offices at face value.
733:, and equivalent to the French écu (5 francs). Minting of .666 fine silver finally ceased in 1847, save for the cuartillo (1/4 real) authorized on 30 March 1849. Moreover, Mosquera's efforts to withdraw the macuquina succeeded, and by 1 January 1849 virtually all had been recoined (a total of 380,620 pesos of macuquinas had been withdrawn at a cost of 53,000 pesos).
1579:(exchange council) was instructed to exchange all paper money in circulation for gold pesos. This operation was completed by the end of 1919, when only 218,000 paper pesos remained outstanding. Junta de Conversión issued notes for 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, and 100 pesos "payable in conformity with legislation".
1521:
The conversion of paper into gold began 18 May 1905, at 100 paper pesos for one gold peso, but proceeded very slowly. A full return to the gold standard was finally achieved 12 June 1907. The gold libra, worth 5 pesos, was identical to the sovereign, the gold peso being equal to 1464.480 mg fine
1346:
A decree of 24 March 1885 authorized coins of nickel and 0.500 silver, and authorized Banco
Nacional to issue notes for 10 & 20 centavos. The cost of the civil war of 1885 was covered by paper money, circulation increasing by 89%. Banco Nacional was unable to cover its notes in gold coin, but the
1303:
The Fiscal Code of 1873 summed up all of the monetary legislation then in force, and a modification of banking regulations led to numerous banks of issue. By 1886 some 36 private banks of issue had been founded, but they played a small part in note circulation because of the huge volume of government
1246:
system, the
Colombian peso of 22.500 g fine silver being equal to 5 francs. It prohibited minting of coin .666 fine. Medios and cuartillos were to be minted .835 fine and the half peso was made .900 fine. The peso de oro was set at 1.612 g .900 fine (equal to the décimo de cóndor of 1867 and the peso
690:
would come into play, despite a law (1844) prohibiting the export of gold and silver coin. Customs houses accepted 16 pesos in silver as equal to a gold onza, whether the coins were .666 fine (= 245 g fine silver) or .903 fine (= 382 g fine silver). By 1846 newly minted coin had virtually disappeared
1641:
on 18 December 1946 at 1.75 pesos to the US dollar, equal to 507.816 mg fine gold. This was adjusted to 1.95/US$ 1 on
December 17, 1948, and to 2.50/US$ 1 on March 20, 1951. Colombia abandoned a fixed IMF parity and introduced a fluctuating free market rate on 13 May 1955, set initially at 4.17
837:
and made it the monetary unit, worth 10 reales, older pesos .666 fine becoming 8-décimo pieces. Debts contracted prior to passage of this law were to be reduced 20% when paid with pesos rated 10 décimos (not 8). The cóndor was made equal to 10 pesos in silver. The old décimo and medio décimo de real
548:
came into operation: good reminted coin fled to
Venezuela and Ecuador, while new supplies of macuquinas entered Colombia, especially from the Antilles. The unrestricted circulation of macuquinas was confirmed on 6 November 1828, and its obligatory acceptance at par was confirmed by another law of 14
472:
to one peso fuerte. The monetary law of 31 May 1823, confirmed that of 1821 but allowed the (temporary) minting of silver coin only .666 fine. Colombia's currency was composed of a variety of coins, pre-1772 pesos, pesos of the 1772 and 1786 standards, macuquinas (cobs) of diverse types, and various
221:
In 1813 the royalists minted crude copper coins in imitation of macuquinas at Santa Marta with the initials "S.M." and "F.VII". These were recalled and effectively withdrawn in 1814. The withdrawn coppers were returned to circulation in 1817 because of a shortage caused by a delay in the delivery of
125:
in 1622—the first gold coins struck in the Americas. The Cartagena mint operated sporadically, finally closing in 1655. The Bogotá mint (sometimes called the Santa Fé or the Nuevo Reino mint) continued producing gold cobs until 1756. Its production of silver cobs was very limited. The earliest known
1571:
The gold standard was suspended in August 1914. World War I had less effect on the Colombian peso than on most other South American currencies. A slight depreciation lasted into 1915, followed by a return to par in 1916. Poor harvests in 1917 caused a slight drop in the exchange rate, but from 1918
1342:
Due to the falling price of silver, Colombia adopted the gold standard in 1880, with the peso equal to 1451.610 mg Au (= 5 francs). The Núñez government raised a loan of 2.5 million pesos in New York (secured by the Panamá Railway) to establish Banco Nacional, which began operations in January
1028:
captured Bogotá on 18 June 1861 and declared himself provisional president of the United States of New Granada (Estados Unidos de Nueva Granada). The internal instability resulted in customs houses accepting Bank of England notes and the British sovereign as equal to 5 pesos, between 1861 and 1863.
543:
Despite the standards set by the 1826 monetary law, when the macuquina was withdrawn from circulation, it was reminted with a fineness of only .666. The Bogotá and Popayán mints were unable to cope with the large volume of macuquinas, so re-coining was done little by little. Since the macuquina was
1411:
In 1893 it was learned that secret note issues had pushed circulation past 12 million pesos back in 1889, and Congress decided to liquidate Banco Nacional. But the bank's existence was extended to 1 January 1896, while it issued another 5 million pesos to cover the costs of the 1895 civil war. The
844:
The 1853 law provided for a gold cóndor of 16.400 g, and its half (medio cóndor) and fifth (escudo), valued at 10, 5 and 2 pesos fuertes. This eliminated the onza and doblón of the 1846 law. (So the cóndor contained more gold than the napoleón of 50 francs, which was 16.129 g, .900 fine). This law
709:
The monetary law of 2 June 1846 named the silver real as the monetary unit. All silver and gold coins were to be .900 fine. Silver coins would be the peso, peseta, real, and medio. Gold coins would be the onza, cóndor, doblón, and escudo. The peseta was equal to the silver franc, the escudo to the
281:
The general public, accustomed to metallic currency, avoided the paper money. To make matters worse, the notes were easily counterfeited. They rapidly fell in value until 100 pesos in paper was worth only 16 pesos in gold. The notes were used to pay the troops, but this stopped when soldiers began
1118:
The monetary law of 24 October 1867 annulled all previous monetary legislation and defined the national coinage as silver, the monetary unit being the peso of 25.000 g .900 fine. Other silver coins would be the medio peso, dos décimos, and décimo, all .835 fine; and the medio décimo and cuarto de
1100:
In 1864 the government planned to establish a national bank, but this did not work out. So the Banking Law of 6 May 1865 provided for a plurality of banks of issue. The first private banknotes were issued by Perez y Planas in 1865. In 1866, however, at the insistence of General Mosquera, Congress
901:
A law of 30 June 1857, and decree of 23 July 1857, adopted the silver peso - 25.000 g, .900 fine (identical to the "granadino" in weight, type, and form) - as the monetary unit. Sub-multiples were the dos décimos (5.000 g) and décimo (2.500 g), both .900 fine, and the cuarto de décimo, .666 fine.
910:
Congress passed Colombia's first banking law on 13 June 1855 regulating banks of issue, discount, and deposit. Banks were authorized to issue notes redeemable in lawful gold or silver coin. The first paper money was issued 1857 by the State of Cundinamarca, followed in 1860 by the first national
178:
The royalists contributed to the monetary chaos during the wars for independence by making several necessity issues of coins with a reduced silver content. After the Viceroyalty of New Granada was restored in 1816, the Spanish authorities attempted to limit the circulation of poor quality coin,
1114:
By decree of 2 May 1867 President Mosquera made Treasury notes a forced tender, making them equivalent to a national monetary unit. On 12 June he further decreed the obligatory acceptance in public and private transactions of all coins .900, .835, and .666 fine minted by the former Republic of
1092:
ordered public offices to continue accepting French, Belgian, and Italian silver coin of the Colombian standard at 20 centavos per franc, and prohibited the import of coin less than .900 fine. Public offices were authorized to accept silver coins .666 fine in payment of taxes and fees until 1
1633:
on 24 November 1931. The peso was pegged to the dollar at 1.05/US$ 1. Several adjustments were made following the rise of the dollar, and in 1935 the exchange rate settled at 1.75 pesos per US$ 1. Colombia abandoned a fixed exchange rate in 1937, but the free rate kept close to 1.75/US$ 1.
1362:
was responsible for the national note issue 1880–1885. In 1881 it released notes for 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 pesos payable in current coin (moneda corriente). Notes for 20 and 50 centavos appeared in 1882, and new designs for 10 and 20 centavos and 1, 50, and 100 pesos in 1885.
406:) issue was authorized by General Bolívar before he knew of the proclamation of the Republic of Colombia. The obverse is the same as that of the 1814–1816 issue, but NUEVA GRANADA, only, appeared on the reverse. These coins are dated 1819 (diameter and weight are approximate):
1419:
of 1899–1902), inflation, and depreciation. There were numerous note issues of various kinds. Then calm slowly returned. A law of 25 October 1903 prohibited new paper money issues, permitted payment in gold to be stipulated in contracts, and reintroduced the gold peso
728:
The monetary law of 27 April 1847 adopted the decimal system and authorized silver coins of France, Belgium, and Sardinia to circulate at two reales per franc (the rate at which tax offices would receive them). It also provided for a silver coin of 10 reales, the
902:
Gold coins would be the peso, escudo, doblón, cóndor, and doble cóndor (onza). This was the French bimetallic standard, with a ratio of 15.5, the cóndor being equal to the napoleón of 50 francs. The law gave legal tender status to French gold coin at face value.
1642:
per US dollar. There was steady deterioration of the exchange rate; an attempt to hold it at 13.50 per US dollar in 1966 failed. The annual average fell to 31.20 per dollar in 1975, 47.28 per in 1980, 142.31 per in 1985, 502.26 per in 1990, and 988 per in 1995.
660:) to issue notes redeemable by bearer at sight. They were to be accepted by all tax offices. Notes were to be issued for 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 75, 80, and 100 pesos, but this decree was revoked on 4 November 1846 by President Mosquera, and no notes were issued.
169:
changed more than once. Older coins remained in circulation, so that three types of milled gold coin and two types of silver coin were circulating at the beginning of the 19th century. Furthermore, old silver macuquinas (cobs) also remained in circulation.
449:
prohibited (20 June 1821) the circulation of all copper coin and all post-1810 royalist coin that had not been counter stamped at Bogotá. Only milled coin, old and new, and the old Spanish macuquina were permitted to circulate. This was confirmed by the
273:
In 1811 the Junta Patriótica de Cartagena (Cartagena Patriotic Council) authorized coins of 1/2 and 2 reales, and for want of silver they were minted in copper. A law of 23 March 1812 authorized the government of Cartagena to issue up to 300,000 pesos
505:
this type was issued between 1823 and 1826 with the date frozen at 1821, because the Congress of Cúcuta had legally set the fineness of all silver coined after 1821 to the old Spanish standard of .903 fine, while these coins were only .666 fine.
282:
deserting. Finally, the government agreed (2 April 1813) to exchange the notes for treasury certificates paying 5% and renewable every four months. The copper coins, on the other hand, were well received and continued to be produced until 1815.
306:
An unknown quantity of currency notes for 1 real, printed in black on ordinary paper, signed by Germán Gutiérrez de Piñeres, chairman of the Junta Patriótica, was put into circulation in the latter half of 1812 and early in 1813.
685:
The 1840s found the currency still in a chaotic state. Monetary legislation perpetuated the problem by equating nominal value with intrinsic value and treating a peso .666 fine the same as a peso .903 fine. This guaranteed that
845:
established a silver to gold ratio of 15.244 to 1 while it was 15.5 on world markets. This undervaluation of gold lasted until the ratio was changed to 15.5 in 1857, by which time most gold coin had been exported.
265:) was proclaimed on 11 November 1811. The republicans minted coins of poor quality during the war of independence in order to pay the troops and cover military expenses. They also attempted to use paper money.
1029:
As a result of the 1860 civil war, the period 1861–1871, known as the first paper money period, saw treasury notes made obligatory tender at par with coin. Postage stamps appeared in 1861 in denominations of 2
393:
authorized an emergency issue, which was produced by overstriking about 112 kg of royalist macuquinas. They were first put into circulation on 12 November 1819. Most of this coin was sent to Venezuela.
1272:, was established 15 November 1870 and began operations in 1871 with a capital of $ 235,000. In 1875 it had a note circulation of $ 776,935 in denominations of 5, 10, 50, and 100 pesos. It was followed by
1412:
end of the bank was not, however, the end of forced paper. In 1898–1899 the Government put $ 22 million in notes of Banco Nacional into circulation (despite the fact that the bank no longer existed).
632:
The monetary law of 4 April 1836 attempted to standardize the coinage by establishing uniform fineness, weight, value, type, and denominations. It confirmed the silver standard as .903 fine. The name
1597:
was also established on 11 July 1923. It began operations well ahead of schedule due to the panic caused by the failure of Banco Lopez, overprinting unissued notes of Casa de Moneda de Medellin for 2
624:), anticipating the possibility that the three states might still form a confederation. "Republic" was not adopted until 20 April 1843 (and "New Granada" did not give way to "Colombia" until 1858).
154:
in 1758. Both mints produced gold escudos of the milled bust type, and a very limited number of milled silver coins. Most of the silver coin circulating in New Granada was from the Spanish mints in
841:
The 1846 law had upset people by replacing the peso with the real as the monetary unit; the 1853 law altered the notion of what constituted a peso and violated the public concept of "peso".
18:
This article is about the history of the Currency of Colombia from the initial coinage during 17th century Spanish colonization to present day. For the current Colombian currency, see
210:
in May 1812 (until 1818). Both in Santa Marta and Cartagena the Spanish-minted coins were of neither uniform weight nor fineness (making them relatively easy to counterfeit). General
1408:) of Banco Nacional to silver coin .835 fine. The United States of Colombia became the Republic of Colombia 5 August 1886. The gold standard was formally suspended 20 December 1886.
468:
Gran Colombia introduced a national currency inscribed "República de Colombia", minting silver and gold at Bogotá and Popayán, and copper cuartillos at Caracas. Copper coin was made
1435:
issued notes in 1886 for 50 centavos and 1, 5, and 10 pesos. Notes of a new design appeared in 1888 for 10 centavos and 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 pesos, with 25 and 1000 added in 1895.
179:
including the necessity money issued by their own troops, but they made special efforts to withdraw the republican-issued Indian-head coins that symbolized independence from Spain.
1522:
gold or 4s sterling. Gold par was 5.00 per pound sterling and 1.027 per US dollar. A constitutional amendment prohibited further government issues of fiat currency after 1909.
644:(hoarded) or it was exported. The silver granadino of .903 fine was never minted. Instead, a decree of 5 April 1839 authorized coins of 2 and 8 reales only .666 fine.
361:
Figure: a pomegranate, centered (from the name of the Viceroyalty, "Granada" meaning "pomegranate"). Legend: NUEVA GRANADA and CUNDINAMARCA (but not on the 1/4 real).
1587:
The monetary reform of 11 July 1923 established a gold exchange standard at the old parity on 23 July 1923. The reform had the backing of the noted financial expert
808:
New machinery for the mints of Bogotá and Popoyán arrived in 1848 and the first gold coins conforming to the 1846 law were put into circulation on 14 February 1849.
473:
coins minted by republicans and royalists during the wars of independence. This situation would continue for decades despite several attempts to unify the currency.
1404:
Decree 104 of 19 January 1886 adopted as the monetary unit the one peso note of Banco Nacional, effective 1 May. Decree 448 of 2 August 1886 equated the peso note (
457:
A note issue was proposed to finance Bolívar's army, and a quantity of peso-denominated notes was printed by Peter Maverick of New York. This move was supported by
1891:]. XVIII Congreso Nacional de estudiantes de economía, Concurso Nacional de Ponencias "Jesús Antonio Bejarano" (in Spanish) (7th ed.). Bogotá, Colombia:
1664:
443:. It encompassed modern-day Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador, and it retained the Spanish colonial monetary system, based on the silver peso and gold escudo.
531:
The monetary law of 14 March 1826 established the peso, divided into 8 reales, as the base of the monetary system, in both silver and gold, and named it the
501:
coinage, dated 1820, with REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA replacing LIBERTAD AMERICANA and CUNDINAMARCA replacing NUEVA GRANADA. On discreet orders from Gen.
345:). There was considerable variation in weight and diameter—each coin's name, value in reales (R), theoretical diameter, and weight are given below.
1438:
During the civil war the government issued 28 new Banco Nacional note types and overprinted about 48 different private banknotes for circulation.
1762:
278:(strong pesos) in notes of one real, and this issue was guaranteed by the Constitution of the State of Cartagena de Indias, passed on 14 June.
493:
Reverse: figure of pomegranate, "8" and "R" on either side, with legend "CUNDINAMARCA", Bogotá mint mark "B", and assayer's initials "J.F."
318:
made three issues of provincial coin with a reduced silver content. The type was the feathered head of an Indian woman, known locally as
315:
1088:(Estados Unidos de Colombia) in 1862, and postage stamps were issued for 5, 10, 20, and 50 centavos and for 1 peso. The 15 April 1863
1934:
Based on the original writings of Albert Pick; Randy Thern, numismatic cataloging supervisor; special consultants Colin R. Bruce ....
485:
Obverse of silver 1821 8 Real, or 1 Peso, coin: figure of Indian with feathered bonnet, with legend "REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA" and date
351:
Figure: the head of an Indian, crowned with feathers. Legend: LIBERTAD AMERICANA. But the obverse of the diminutive 1/4 real has a
334:
against the Spanish, who had occupied Popayán, and its circulation was approved by the State of Cundinamarca on 27 September 1814.
764:
The copper coins were rejected by the public, who immediately exchanged them for silver, so they were recalled and melted down.
1964:
Bank of Colombia's Cultural Activities page, with access to the Arango Library and its network of online materials, in Spanish
1132:
In 1863 the Treasury issued notes for 5, 10, and 20 centavos and 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 pesos, adding a 3 peso note in 1869.
1825:
1781:
956:
ended in civil war (1860–1862). The Confederation issued Colombia's first postage stamps in August 1859 in denominations of 2
338:
166:
122:
616:
On 21 November 1831, Gran Colombia dissolved into Quito (Ecuador), Venezuela, and New Granada (present-day Colombia),
1927:
1873:
1854:
1814:
1746:
1530:
The government issued currency notes in 1904 for 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 pesos, with a 1000 note added in 1908.
1679:
1892:
1424:), equal to 100 paper pesos, effective 1 January 1904. Outstanding notes were absorbed by auction sales of gold.
640:
for both gold and silver. Gold, however, did not circulate in Colombia during the 1830s; it was either used as a
258:
1978:
713:
The chief advantages of the 1846 law were: (a) it established for the first time in Colombian legislation the
969:
Silver dated 1859–1862 (coins minted at Bogotá are denominated in décimos, those minted at Popayán in reales)
1347:
Government compromised on suspension by paying notes in silver with the funds received from negotiating the
1025:
695:
1988:
1983:
653:
502:
462:
1704:
1638:
73:
1771:
953:
440:
1559:
libra (P. 5), 7.988 g (0.017 million 1913, 0.043 million 1917, 0.423 million 1918, 2.181 million 1919)
331:
1260:
Currency notes were issued in the 1870s and 1880s by the states of Cundinamarca, Bolivar, and Cauca.
1085:
952:) was proclaimed 1 April 1858, adopting a new constitution on 22 May. Its brief life under President
40:
that have been used in Colombia since 1622. It was in that year, under a licence purchased from King
1500:
1492:
45:
489:
481:
945:
617:
61:
1607:, 5, 10, and 20 pesos. It soon issued a regular series for 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 pesos.
84:
1806:
1799:
1591:, who had been invited to advise on the US indemnity of $ 25 million for the loss of Panama.
130:
from Bogotá is dated 1627. Cobs were a special problem because their irregular shape invited
1939:
451:
337:
The coins were minted between 1814 and 1816 in the amount of 72,675 pesos. They were only 7
49:
1243:
60:. Silver milled coins date from 1627. In 1831, Gran Colombia dissolved into Venezuela and
8:
342:
118:
110:
53:
41:
591:
fasces with superimposed crossed bow and arrows within two cornucopias forming a wreath
386:
1953:
Digital publication of Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango, Banco de la República de Colombia.
1756:
446:
390:
326:(Indian) by Spanish-speaking numismatists. The first issue was authorized by President
1923:
1905:
1869:
1850:
1810:
1777:
1742:
1588:
1416:
458:
327:
687:
545:
1829:
1616:
1242:
The monetary law of 9 June 1871 put the currency on the silver standard of the
641:
187:
The royalists produced copper coins at Popayán during the war of independence:
147:
127:
19:
222:
coin from Bogotá. A copper cuartillo and a silver peseta were minted in 1820.
1972:
1909:
1399:
714:
436:
211:
131:
1849:(7th ed.). Clifton, NJ: Coin and Currency Institute. pp. 152–155.
1627:
on 21 September 1931, when restrictions were placed on foreign exchange and
1348:
469:
352:
1841:
On-line book detailing the history of the Spanish mints in South America.
1715:] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Banco de la República. Departamento Editorial
1074:
207:
155:
83:
During the Spanish colonial period, present-day Colombia was part of the
1094:
1063:
Silver .900 fine, dated 1861, inscribed ESTADOS UNIDOS DE NUEVA GRANADA
134:, so most cobs were (eventually) under legal weight (although of proper
1889:
Currency and Banking in Colombia: Historiographical Analysis, 1863–1923
1707:[Chapter II: The issuance of paper money in the 19th century].
549:
October 1831. New milled coin disappeared, replaced by the macuquina.
151:
101:
1152:
was established in 1864 and was granted the right of issue in 1865.
159:
114:
1623:
741:
On October 16, 1848, President Mosquera authorized treasury notes (
135:
57:
37:
1922:. Vol. 1 (9th ed.). Iola, WI: Krause. pp. 485–537.
113:
sold a license to Alonso Turrillo de Yebra to establish a mint at
1963:
1629:
1703:
Meisel Roca, Adolfo; Banco de la República; et al. (1990).
1702:
1885:
Moneda y Banca en Colombia: Análisis Historiográfico 1863–1923
1773:
El Banco de la República: antecedentes, evolución y estructura
1709:
El Banco de la República: antecedentes, evolución y estructura
1665:"La moneda que vio nacer, crecer y morir a Colombia 1813–1836"
1582:
1047:
On 24 August 1861, General Mosquera authorized the Treasury (
29:
252:
56:, where gold cobs were produced as part of Colombia's first
1566:
435:
The Republic of Colombia (República de Colombia), known as
33:
1713:
The Bank of the Republic: history, evolution and structure
1415:
The period 1899–1903 witnessed revolution, civil war (the
1400:
1886–1905 Peso billete (paper peso) (Republic of Colombia)
355:, without legend. All coins have the date on the obverse.
1920:
Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: Specialized Issues
1847:
Gold coins of the world from ancient times to the present
1016:
1944:(in Spanish). Bogotá: Imprenta del Banco de la República
1140:
The State of Panama issued notes between 1867 and 1880.
1049:
Tesoreria General de los Estados Unidos de Nueva Granada
1658:
1656:
1654:
1902:
Toutes les Monnaies du Monde: Dictionnaire des Changes
1075:
Monetary laws of 1863–1867 (United States of Colombia)
1769:
1705:"Capítulo II: La emisión de billetes en el siglo XIX"
1487:
816:
Peso (Granadino) = 10 Décimos = 100 Centavos (silver)
497:
Proclamation of Gran Colombia led to a third type of
1868:(3rd ed.). Iola, WI: Krause. pp. 254–270.
1864:
Krause, Chester L.; Mishler, Clifford, eds. (2001).
1651:
1637:
The Colombian peso's parity was registered with the
936:
98:
1662:
1360:
El Banco Nacional de los Estados Unidos de Colombia
1234:
1844:
1826:"Las Casas de Moneda Españolas en América del Sur"
1798:
1796:
1556:half libra (P. 2.50), 3.994 g (0.018 million 1913)
1542:$ 1 p/m (1907, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1916)
911:issue and in 1865 by the first private banknotes.
1904:. Paris: Recueil Sirey. pp. 89–90, 390–391.
1797:Cribb, Joe; Cook, Barrie; Carradice, Ian (1990).
1337:
585:liberty head center; rim REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA··
1970:
1845:Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2003).
1696:
1663:Barriga del Diestro, Fernando (December 2005).
680:
214:'s army circulated this "Santa Marta money" or
1823:
1741:. Almanzar´s Coins of the World. San Antonio.
821:The monetary law of 30 May 1853 abolished the
173:
1937:
1918:Shafer, Neil; Cuhaj, George S., eds. (2002).
1863:
1736:
1610:
1433:El Banco Nacional de la República de Colombia
1079:
720:
694:Monetary reform had the backing of President
380:
1210:medio peso (5 décimos), 12.500 g (1868–1886)
268:
1917:
1583:1923–1931 Peso oro (gold exchange standard)
941:Peso = 10 Reales or Décimos = 100 Centavos
465:. In the end, the notes were never issued.
322:(young maiden), but usually referred to as
141:
121:. These two mints began production of gold
67:
1761:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
425:
1882:
1866:Standard Catalog of World Coins 1801–1900
1824:Dargent Chamot, Eduardo (December 2006).
1621:The gold exchange standard was abandoned
1518:Conversion: 1 peso oro = 100 paper pesos
1496:Obverse of nickel 1914 "paper money" peso
1187:Silver coin of the modified 1867 standard
476:
310:
253:1811–1820 United Provinces of New Granada
1899:
1567:1914–1923 Peso oro (inconvertible paper)
1499:
1491:
611:
488:
480:
365:cuartillo (R.1/4), 11.5 mm, 0.846 g
1104:
893:
811:
701:
627:
526:
1971:
1737:Almanzar, Alcedo; Seppa, Dale (1973).
1548:$ 5 p/m (1907, 1909, 1912, 1913, 1914)
1017:1861–1862 United States of New Granada
838:became the centavo and medio centavo.
793:granadino (R.10), 25.000 g (1847–1851)
1150:London, México and South América Bank
1039:, 5, 10, and 20 centavos and 1 peso.
966:, 5, 10, and 20 centavos and 1 peso.
725:Granadino = 10 Reales = 100 Centavos
397:
263:Provincias Unidas de la Nueva Granada
1883:Peña, Paola; Ochoa, Antonio (2002).
1805:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
1457:Silver .666 fine dated 1897 or 1902
1214:Gold coin .900 fine dated 1862–1878
919:Gold coin .900 fine dated 1857–1858
885:Gold coin .900 fine dated 1853–1857
797:Gold coin .900 fine dated 1848–1853
658:la Tesorería General de la República
595:colombiano (peso; E.1/2), 15 mm
368:medio (R.1/2), 16.5 mm, 1.692 g
1538:Nickel coins (pesos papel moneda):
1446:Copper-nickel coin dated 1886–1902
1127:
1111:Cóndor = 10 pesos (gold or silver)
1000:peso de oro (1/10 cóndor), 1.6129 g
557:Silver .666 fine, dated 1827–1836:
374:peseta (R.2), 24.5 mm, 6.766 g
13:
1730:
1672:Boletin de Historia y Antigüedades
1488:1905–1914 Peso oro (gold standard)
1268:The first private Colombian bank,
571:Silver .833 fine, dated 1834–1836
165:During the 18th century, official
14:
2000:
1957:
1941:Historia de la Moneda en Colombia
1938:Torres García, Guillermo (1945).
1479:Silver .835 fine dated 1889–1908
1471:Silver .500 fine dated 1887–1888
1218:décimo de cóndor (peso), 1.6129 g
1021:Peso = 10 Décimos = 100 Centavos
996:Gold .900 fine, dated 1859–1862:
937:1858–1861 Granadine Confederation
898:Peso = 10 Décimos = 100 Centavos
668:Silver .666 fine, dated 1839–1846
647:
620:used "state" in its formal name (
579:Gold .875 fine, dated 1822–1838:
371:real (R.1), 19.5 mm, 3.383 g
150:in 1756. A second mint opened at
1893:Universidad Nacional de Colombia
1255:
1235:1871–1880 Peso (silver standard)
1221:quinto de cóndor (P.2), 3.2258 g
1160:Silver coin of the 1863 standard
1109:Peso = 10 Décimos = 100 Centavos
146:The Bogotá mint began producing
1504:Reverse of 1914 peso, showing "
1263:
1196:1/2 décimo, 1.250 g (1867–1878)
1193:1/4 décimo, 0.625 g (1868–1888)
1174:1/2 décimo, 1.250 g (1863–1865)
1166:1/4 décimo, 0.813 g (1863–1867)
419:peso (R.8), 37 mm, 24.00 g
290:Copper coin, minted 1811–1815:
259:United Provinces of New Granada
167:Spanish-American coin standards
1770:Banco de la República (1990).
1678:(831): 809–844. Archived from
1562:double libra (P. 10), 15.976 g
1338:1880–1886 Peso (gold standard)
1207:2 décimos, 5.000 g (1866–1867)
1135:
1084:The country's name changed to
848:
575:colombiano (R.8), 36.5 mm
552:
461:but opposed by Vice President
413:2 reales, 24.5 mm, 5.00 g
201:
80:Escudo = 2 Pesos (after 1686)
1:
1230:doble cóndor (P.20), 32.258 g
1183:un peso, 25.000 g (1862–1871)
1143:
1115:Colombia and by New Granada.
691:from the province of Bogotá.
607:onza de oro (E.8), 37 mm
416:4 reales, 34 mm, 12.00 g
1828:(in Spanish). Archived from
1645:
1371:Silver .500 fine, 1885–1886
1323:silver .835 fine, 1872–1886
1312:Silver .666 fine, 1872–1885
880:
757:1/2 décimo (R.1/20), 5.000 g
753:Copper coin dated 1847–1848
681:Monetary reform of 1846–1847
604:media onza (E.4), 31 mm
544:legal tender at face value,
538:
463:Francisco de Paula Santander
7:
1639:International Monetary Fund
1224:medio cóndor (P.5), 8.064 g
1204:décimo, 2.500 g (1866–1874)
1177:décimo, 2.500 g (1866–1867)
983:1/2 décimo or real, 1.250 g
975:1/4 décimo or real, 0.831 g
853:Silver coin dated 1853–1858
790:peso (R.8), 20.000 g (1847)
767:Silver coin dated 1847–1853
174:1813–1820 Necessity coinage
74:Currency of Spanish America
10:
2005:
1614:
1611:Since 1931 Peso (Peso oro)
1545:$ 2 p/m (1907, 1910, 1914)
1533:
1525:
1427:
1385:Gold .666 fine, 1885–1886
1354:
1250:
1122:
1080:Monetary laws of 1863–1864
1042:
1026:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
905:
773:cuartillo (R.1/4), 0.813 g
736:
721:Decimalization law of 1847
696:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
652:On 6 June 1838, President
622:Estado de la Nueva Granada
441:Viceroyalty of New Granada
410:real, 19.5 mm, 2.65 g
381:1819 Emergency overstrikes
182:
71:
17:
1441:
1366:
1333:50c, 12.500 g (1872–1886)
1307:
1180:2 décimos, 5.000 g (1865)
1155:
1086:United States of Colombia
1058:
914:
818:Cóndor = 10 Pesos (gold)
760:décimo (R.1/10), 10.000 g
748:
663:
656:authorized the Treasury (
389:(7 August 1819), General
269:1811–1815 Cartagena money
89:Nuevo Reino de la Granada
1776:(in Spanish). El Banco.
1595:El Banco de la República
1330:20c, 5.000 g (1874–1885)
1327:10c, 2.500 g (1872–1885)
1316:2½c, 0.625 g (1872–1881)
954:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
601:doblón (E.2), 22 mm
598:escudo (E.1), 20 mm
432:Escudo = 2 Pesos (gold)
430:Peso = 8 Reales (silver)
402:The second Indian-head (
301:
142:1756–1822 Milled coinage
68:Spanish colonial coinage
46:Alonso Turrillo de Yebra
1900:Sédillot, René (1955).
1516:Peso oro = 100 Centavos
1395:cóndor (P.10), 16.129 g
1319:5c, 1.230 g (1872–1885)
1227:cóndor (P.10), 16.129 g
1009:cóndor (P.10), 16.129 g
950:Confederación Granadina
946:Granadine Confederation
932:cóndor (P.10), 16.129 g
889:cóndor (P.10), 16.400 g
654:José Ignacio de Márquez
439:, was successor to the
426:1821–1830 Gran Colombia
285:
119:Cartagena de las Indias
99:1622–1756 Cob coinage (
54:Cartagena de las Indias
1513:
1497:
1392:doblón (P.5), 8.0645 g
1389:escudo (P.2), 3.2258 g
1090:Convención de Rionegro
1003:escudo (P.2), 3.2258 g
926:escudo (P.2), 3.2258 g
829:. It changed the name
804:onza (P.16), 25.8064 g
801:escudo (P.2), 3.2258 g
781:medio (R.1/2), 1.250 g
564:1/2 real, 14.5 mm
561:1/4 real, 11.5 mm
494:
486:
477:1820–1826 Cundinamarca
311:1813–1816 Cundinamarca
218:in areas it occupied.
85:New Kingdom of Granada
48:established a mint at
1979:Currencies by country
1503:
1495:
1282:Banco de Barranquilla
1053:billetes de tesoreria
1012:onza (P.20), 32.258 g
1006:doblón (P.5), 8.064 g
929:doblón (P.5), 8.065 g
787:peseta (R.2), 5.000 g
612:1831–1858 New Granada
492:
484:
244:Silver coin of 1820:
236:Copper coin of 1820:
225:Copper coin of 1813:
206:The Spanish occupied
117:and a branch mint at
52:and a branch mint at
1244:Latin Monetary Union
1239:Peso = 100 Centavos
1105:Monetary Law of 1867
894:Monetary law of 1857
812:Monetary law of 1853
743:billete de tesoreria
702:Monetary law of 1846
676:peso (R.8), 27.020 g
628:Monetary law of 1836
527:Monetary law of 1826
229:cuartillo (1/4 real)
26:Currency in Colombia
1989:Finance in Colombia
1984:Economy of Colombia
1577:Junta de Conversión
1467:20c, 5.000 g (1897)
1464:10c, 2.500 g (1897)
867:1/2 décimo, 1.250 g
825:by renaming it the
784:real (R.1), 2.500 g
343:millesimal fineness
42:Philip III of Spain
1514:
1498:
1461:5c, 1.250 g (1902)
1274:Banco de Antioquia
1051:) to issue notes (
873:2 décimos, 5.000 g
706:Real = 10 Décimos
495:
487:
452:Congress of Cúcuta
398:1819 Nueva Granada
115:Santa Fe de Bogotá
50:Santa Fe de Bogotá
1783:978-9-589-02865-0
1739:Coins of Colombia
1589:Edwin W. Kemmerer
1417:Thousand Days War
1406:billete de a peso
1298:Banco de Colombia
989:2 reales, 5.000 g
859:1/4 real, 0.813 g
510:cuartillo (R.1/4)
332:Southern Campaign
91:, or more simply
1996:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1933:
1913:
1896:
1895:. pp. 1–25.
1879:
1860:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1820:
1804:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1766:
1760:
1752:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1684:
1669:
1660:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1552:Gold .916 fine:
1450:2½c (1900, 1902)
1296:in 1874, and by
1290:Banco de Bolívar
1148:A branch of the
1038:
1037:
1033:
965:
964:
960:
567:real, 20 mm
387:Battle of Boyacá
232:medio (1/2 real)
2004:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1947:
1945:
1930:
1876:
1857:
1835:
1833:
1817:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1733:
1731:Further reading
1728:
1718:
1716:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1667:
1661:
1652:
1648:
1619:
1613:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1585:
1569:
1536:
1528:
1517:
1490:
1444:
1430:
1402:
1369:
1357:
1340:
1310:
1294:Banco Mercantil
1286:Banco del Cauca
1278:Banco Santander
1270:Banco de Bogotá
1266:
1258:
1253:
1237:
1188:
1161:
1158:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1125:
1110:
1107:
1082:
1077:
1067:décimo, 2.500 g
1061:
1045:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1019:
986:décimo, 2.500 g
970:
962:
958:
957:
939:
917:
908:
896:
883:
870:décimo, 2.500 g
854:
851:
817:
814:
768:
751:
739:
723:
704:
683:
669:
666:
650:
636:was changed to
630:
614:
555:
541:
529:
479:
431:
428:
400:
385:Soon after the
383:
330:to finance the
313:
304:
288:
271:
255:
204:
185:
176:
144:
107:
79:
78:Peso = 8 Reales
76:
70:
23:
12:
11:
5:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1958:External links
1956:
1955:
1954:
1935:
1928:
1915:
1897:
1880:
1874:
1861:
1855:
1842:
1821:
1815:
1801:The Coin Atlas
1794:
1782:
1767:
1747:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1695:
1674:(in Spanish).
1649:
1647:
1644:
1617:Colombian peso
1615:Main article:
1612:
1609:
1584:
1581:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1455:
1454:
1453:5c (1886–1888)
1451:
1443:
1440:
1429:
1426:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1368:
1365:
1356:
1353:
1339:
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1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
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1320:
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1228:
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1222:
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1205:
1198:
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1194:
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1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1157:
1154:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1128:Treasury notes
1126:
1124:
1121:
1106:
1103:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:peso, 25.000 g
1068:
1060:
1057:
1044:
1041:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
994:
993:
992:peso, 25.000 g
990:
987:
984:
977:
976:
938:
935:
934:
933:
930:
927:
924:
923:peso, 1.6875 g
916:
913:
907:
904:
895:
892:
891:
890:
882:
879:
878:
877:
876:peso, 25.000 g
874:
871:
868:
861:
860:
850:
847:
813:
810:
806:
805:
802:
795:
794:
791:
788:
785:
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774:
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761:
758:
750:
747:
738:
735:
722:
719:
703:
700:
682:
679:
678:
677:
674:
665:
662:
649:
648:Treasury notes
646:
642:store of value
629:
626:
613:
610:
609:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
577:
576:
569:
568:
565:
562:
554:
551:
540:
537:
528:
525:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
478:
475:
459:Antonio Nariño
427:
424:
421:
420:
417:
414:
411:
399:
396:
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379:
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375:
372:
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366:
328:Antonio Nariño
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184:
181:
175:
172:
143:
140:
128:piece of eight
106:
97:
72:Main article:
69:
66:
20:Colombian peso
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2001:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1931:
1929:0-87349-466-0
1925:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1875:0-87349-305-2
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1856:0-87184-307-2
1852:
1848:
1843:
1832:on 2008-04-05
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1816:0-8160-2097-3
1812:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1750:
1748:0-882-42008-9
1744:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1685:on 2015-09-23
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1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1512:(paper money)
1511:
1507:
1502:
1494:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1463:
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1418:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1381:50c, 12.500 g
1380:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1344:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1304:paper money.
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1141:
1133:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1027:
1022:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
991:
988:
985:
982:
981:
980:
974:
973:
972:
967:
955:
951:
947:
942:
931:
928:
925:
922:
921:
920:
912:
903:
899:
888:
887:
886:
875:
872:
869:
866:
865:
864:
858:
857:
856:
846:
842:
839:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
809:
803:
800:
799:
798:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
779:
778:
772:
771:
770:
765:
759:
756:
755:
754:
746:
744:
734:
732:
726:
718:
716:
715:monetary unit
711:
707:
699:
697:
692:
689:
688:Gresham's law
675:
672:
671:
670:
661:
659:
655:
645:
643:
639:
635:
625:
623:
619:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
593:
592:
590:
586:
584:
580:
574:
573:
572:
566:
563:
560:
559:
558:
550:
547:
546:Gresham's law
536:
534:
521:
518:
515:
513:medio (R.1/2)
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:
500:
491:
483:
474:
471:
466:
464:
460:
455:
453:
448:
447:Simón Bolívar
444:
442:
438:
437:Gran Colombia
433:
423:
418:
415:
412:
409:
408:
407:
405:
395:
392:
391:Simón Bolívar
388:
378:
373:
370:
367:
364:
363:
362:
360:
356:
354:
350:
346:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
308:
296:
294:medio (R.1/2)
293:
292:
291:
283:
279:
277:
266:
264:
260:
247:
246:
245:
239:
238:
237:
231:
228:
227:
226:
223:
219:
217:
213:
209:
196:
193:
190:
189:
188:
180:
171:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
139:
137:
133:
129:
124:
120:
116:
112:
104:
103:
96:
94:
93:Nueva Granada
90:
86:
81:
75:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
21:
16:
1946:. Retrieved
1940:
1919:
1901:
1888:
1884:
1865:
1846:
1834:. Retrieved
1830:the original
1800:
1787:. Retrieved
1772:
1738:
1717:. Retrieved
1712:
1708:
1698:
1687:. Retrieved
1680:the original
1675:
1671:
1636:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1551:
1537:
1529:
1520:
1515:
1510:papel moneda
1509:
1505:
1478:
1470:
1456:
1445:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1384:
1378:20c, 5.000 g
1375:10c, 2.500 g
1370:
1359:
1358:
1349:Panama Canal
1345:
1341:
1322:
1311:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1241:
1238:
1213:
1199:
1186:
1169:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1099:
1089:
1083:
1062:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1023:
1020:
995:
978:
968:
949:
943:
940:
918:
909:
900:
897:
884:
862:
852:
843:
840:
834:
830:
826:
822:
820:
815:
807:
796:
776:
766:
763:
752:
742:
740:
730:
727:
724:
712:
708:
705:
693:
684:
673:peseta (R.2)
667:
657:
651:
637:
633:
631:
621:
615:
588:
587:
582:
581:
578:
570:
556:
542:
532:
530:
519:peseta (R.2)
498:
496:
470:legal tender
467:
456:
445:
434:
429:
422:
403:
401:
384:
377:
358:
357:
353:Phrygian cap
348:
347:
339:dineros fine
336:
323:
319:
316:Cundinamarca
314:
305:
297:peseta (R.2)
289:
280:
275:
272:
262:
256:
248:peseta (R.2)
243:
235:
224:
220:
215:
205:
186:
177:
164:
148:milled coins
145:
108:
100:
92:
88:
82:
77:
28:denotes the
25:
24:
15:
1719:25 December
1256:State notes
1136:State notes
849:Silver coin
618:New Granada
553:Milled Coin
208:Santa Marta
202:Santa Marta
156:Mexico City
62:New Granada
1973:Categories
1948:2014-07-01
1836:2014-07-01
1789:2014-07-10
1689:2014-07-01
1264:Bank notes
1200:.835 fine
1189:.666 fine
1170:.900 fine
1162:.666 fine
1144:Bank notes
979:.900 fine
971:.666 fine
863:.900 fine
855:.666 fine
777:.900 fine
769:.666 fine
634:colombiano
533:colombiano
522:peso (R.8)
516:real (R.1)
111:Philip III
1910:490679414
1757:cite book
1646:Citations
1300:in 1875.
1288:in 1873,
1280:in 1872,
881:Gold coin
831:granadino
731:granadino
638:granadino
539:Macuquina
503:Santander
216:caraqueña
109:In 1620,
102:macuquina
38:banknotes
1624:de facto
1422:peso oro
1095:Medellín
1024:General
589:Reverse:
583:Obverse:
359:Reverse:
349:Obverse:
197:8 reales
194:2 reales
191:1/2 real
136:fineness
132:clipping
58:currency
1807:300–301
1630:de jure
1602:⁄
1034:⁄
961:⁄
276:fuertes
212:Morillo
183:Popayán
152:Popayán
44:, that
1926:
1908:
1872:
1853:
1813:
1780:
1745:
1508:" for
1343:1881.
827:décimo
341:(.583
160:Potosí
36:, and
30:ingots
1887:[
1711:[
1683:(PDF)
1668:(PDF)
1526:Paper
1428:Paper
1355:Paper
1251:Paper
1123:Paper
1043:Paper
906:Paper
737:Paper
499:India
404:India
324:India
320:china
302:Paper
240:medio
34:coins
1924:ISBN
1906:OCLC
1870:ISBN
1851:ISBN
1811:ISBN
1778:ISBN
1763:link
1743:ISBN
1721:2015
1676:XCII
1575:The
1534:Coin
1442:Coin
1367:Coin
1308:Coin
1292:and
1284:and
1276:and
1156:Coin
1059:Coin
944:The
915:Coin
835:peso
823:real
749:Coin
664:Coin
286:Coin
257:The
158:and
123:cobs
1506:p/m
1483:50c
1475:50c
1097:).
833:to
138:).
95:).
1975::
1809:.
1759:}}
1755:{{
1670:.
1653:^
1351:.
162:.
32:,
1951:.
1932:.
1914:.
1912:.
1878:.
1859:.
1839:.
1819:.
1792:.
1765:)
1751:.
1723:.
1692:.
1604:2
1600:1
1420:(
1036:2
1032:1
963:2
959:1
948:(
261:(
105:)
87:(
22:.
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