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includes: a) physical infrastructures and telecommunications devices that allow for the connection of technological and communication system networks, understood in the broadest sense (SCADA devices, smartphones/tablets, computers, servers, etc.); b) computer systems (see point a) and the related (sometimes embedded) software that guarantee the domain's basic operational functioning and connectivity; c) networks between computer systems; d) networks of networks that connect computer systems (the distinction between networks and networks of networks is mainly organizational); e) the access nodes of users and intermediaries routing nodes; f) constituent data (or resident data). Often, in common parlance (and sometimes in commercial language), networks of networks are called the
Internet (with a lowercase i), while networks between computers are called intranet. Internet (with a capital I, in journalistic language sometimes called the Net) can be considered a part of the system a). A distinctive and constitutive feature of cyberspace is that no central entity exercises control over all the networks that make up this new domain. Just as in the real world there is no world government, cyberspace lacks an institutionally predefined hierarchical center. To cyberspace, a domain without a hierarchical ordering principle, we can, therefore, extend the definition of international politics coined by Kenneth Waltz: as being "with no system of law enforceable." This does not mean that the dimension of power in cyberspace is absent, nor that power is dispersed and scattered into a thousand invisible streams, nor that it is evenly spread across myriad people and organizations, as some scholars had predicted. On the contrary, cyberspace is characterized by a precise structuring of hierarchies of power.
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the gift of creativity to individual human beings and allowing them to shape and design their houses or dwellings themselves â instead of having some clever architect pop up, telling you how you should live. We were thinking in terms of open-ended systems where things could grow and evolve as required. For instance, we imagined a kind of mobile production unit, but unfortunately the drawings have been lost. It was a kind of truck with a nozzle at the back. Like a bee building its hive. The nozzle would emit and apply material that grew to form amorphous mushrooms or whatever you might imagine. It was supposed to be computer-controlled, allowing you to create interesting shapes and sequences of spaces. It was a merging of organic and technological systems, a new way of structuring the world. And a response that counteracted industrial uniformity. We had this idea that sophisticated software might enable us to mimic the way in which nature creates products â where things that belong to the same family can take different forms. All oak trees are oak trees, but no two oak trees are exactly alike. And then a whole new material â polystyrene foam â arrived on the scene. It behaved like nature in the sense that it grew when its two component parts were mixed. Almost like a fungal growth. This made it an obvious choice for our work in
Atelier Cyberspace.
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digital devices. In other words, it is a cultural virtualization of human reality as a result of the migration from physical to virtual space (mediated by the ICTs), ruled by codes, signs and particular social relationships. Forwards, arise instant ways of communication, interaction and possible quick access to information, in which we are no longer mere senders, but also producers, reproducers, co-workers and providers. New technologies also help to "connect" people from different cultures outside the virtual space, which was unthinkable fifty years ago. In this giant relationships web, we mutually absorb each other's beliefs, customs, values, laws and habits, cultural legacies perpetuated by a physical-virtual dynamics in constant metamorphosis (ibidem). In this sense, Professor Doctor
Marcelo Mendonça Teixeira created, in 2013, a new model of communication to the virtual universe, based in Claude Elwood Shannon (1948) article "A Mathematical Theory of Communication".
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344:, cyberspace is defined more by the social interactions involved rather than its technical implementation. In their view, the computational medium in cyberspace is an augmentation of the communication channel between real people; the core characteristic of cyberspace is that it offers an environment that consists of many participants with the ability to affect and influence each other. They derive this concept from the observation that people seek richness, complexity, and depth within a virtual world.
605:) than physical space. It does not have the duality of positive and negative volume (while in physical space, for example, a room has the negative volume of usable space delineated by positive volume of walls, Internet users cannot enter the screen and explore the unknown part of the Internet as an extension of the space they are in), but spatial meaning can be attributed to the relationship between different
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discussions rage on everything from sexual kinks to depreciation schedules. Whether by one telephonic tendril or millions, they are all connected to one another. Collectively, they form what their inhabitants call the Net. It extends across that immense region of electron states, microwaves, magnetic fields, light pulses and thought which sci-fi writer
William Gibson named Cyberspace.
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computer screen. This dark electric netherworld has become a vast flowering electronic landscape. Since the 1960s, the world of the telephone has cross-bred itself with computers and television, and though there is still no substance to cyberspace, nothing you can handle, it has a strange kind of physicality now. It makes good sense today to talk of cyberspace as a place all its own.
572:(CMC), in which online relationships and alternative forms of online identity were enacted, raising important questions about the social psychology of Internet use, the relationship between "online" and "offline" forms of life and interaction, and the relationship between the "real" and the virtual. Cyberspace draws attention to remediation of culture through
356:(1940â1998) and her partner architect Carsten Hoff (b. 1934) constituted themselves as Atelier Cyberspace. Under this name the two made a series of installations and images entitled "sensory spaces" that were based on the principle of open systems adaptable to various influences, such as human movement and the behaviour of new materials.
266:. The term entered popular culture from science fiction and the arts but is now used by technology strategists, security professionals, governments, military and industry leaders and entrepreneurs to describe the domain of the global technology environment, commonly defined as standing for the global network of interdependent
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Corporations, or corporations with anonymous ownership) or similar structures in OFCs (Offshore
Financial Centers). Such advisors are loath to ask any penetrating questions about the wealth and activities of their clients, since the average fees criminals pay them to launder their money can be as much as 20 percent.
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to define cyberspace, describing the "sense of a social setting that exists purely within a space of representation and communication ... it exists entirely within a computer space, distributed across increasingly complex and fluid networks." The term "Cyberspace" started to become a de facto synonym
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Our shared point of departure was that we were working with physical settings, and we were both frustrated and displeased with the architecture from the period, particularly when it came to spaces for living. We felt that there was a need to loosen up the rigid confines of urban planning, giving back
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was able to represent the many new ideas and phenomena that were emerging. As a social experience, individuals can interact, exchange ideas, share information, provide social support, conduct business, direct actions, create artistic media, play games, engage in political discussion, and so on, using
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of the mass media is the result of a long adaptation process of their communicative resources to the evolutionary changes of each historical moment. Thus, the new media became (plurally) an extension of the traditional media in cyberspace, allowing to the public access information in a wide range of
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differ from text-based communication in that on-screen images are meant to be figures that actually occupy a space and the animation shows the movement of those figures. Images are supposed to form the positive volume that delineates the empty space. A game adopts the cyberspace metaphor by engaging
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The metaphor has been useful in helping a new generation of thought leaders to reason through new military strategies around the world, led largely by the US Department of
Defense (DoD). The use of cyberspace as a metaphor has had its limits, however, especially in areas where the metaphor becomes
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the phones. in the past twenty years, this electrical "space," which was once thin and dark and one-dimensionalâlittle more than a narrow speaking-tube, stretching from phone to phoneâhas flung itself open like a gigantic jack-in-the-box. Light has flooded upon it, the eerie light of the glowing
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Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation, by children being taught mathematical concepts... A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light
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Cyberspace also brings together every service and facility imaginable to expedite money laundering. One can purchase anonymous credit cards, bank accounts, encrypted global mobile telephones, and false passports. From there one can pay professional advisors to set up IBCs (International
Business
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Let us imagine a nation in which everyone is hooked up to a network of VR infrastructure. They have been so hooked up since they left their mother's wombs. Immersed in cyberspace and maintaining their life by teleoperation, they have never imagined that life could be any different from that. The
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technologies: it is not just a communication tool but a social destination and is culturally significant in its own right. Finally, cyberspace can be seen as providing new opportunities to reshape society and culture through "hidden" identities, or it can be seen as borderless communication and
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Firstly, cyberspace describes the flow of digital data through the network of interconnected computers: it is at once not "real", since one could not spatially locate it as a tangible object, and clearly "real" in its effects. There have been several attempts to create a concise model about how
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Cyberspace is a global and dynamic domain (subject to constant change) characterized by the combined use of electrons and the electromagnetic spectrum, whose purpose is to create, store, modify, exchange, share, and extract, use, eliminate information and disrupt physical resources. Cyberspace
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Although the present-day, loose use of the term "cyberspace" no longer implies or suggests immersion in a virtual reality, current technology allows the integration of a number of capabilities (sensors, signals, connections, transmissions, processors, and controllers) sufficient to generate a
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In this silent world, all conversation is typed. To enter it, one forsakes both body and place and becomes a thing of words alone. You can see what your neighbors are saying (or recently said), but not what either they or their physical surroundings look like. Town meetings are continuous and
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Although the more radical consequences of the global communication network predicted by some cyberspace proponents (i.e. the diminishing of state influence envisioned by John Perry Barlow) failed to materialize and the word lost some of its novelty appeal, it remains current as of 2006.
556:, for example, might be metaphorically said to "exist in cyberspace". According to this interpretation, events taking place on the Internet are not happening in the locations where participants or servers are physically located, but "in cyberspace". The philosopher
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Although several definitions of cyberspace can be found both in scientific literature and in official governmental sources, there is no fully agreed official definition yet. According to F. D. Kramer there are 28 different definitions of the term cyberspace.
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All I knew about the word "cyberspace" when I coined it, was that it seemed like an effective buzzword. It seemed evocative and essentially meaningless. It was suggestive of something, but had no real semantic meaning, even for me, as I saw it emerge on the
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In 2010, a five-level model was designed in France. According to this model, cyberspace is composed of five layers based on information discoveries: 1) language, 2) writing, 3) printing, 4) Internet, 5) Etc., i.e. the rest, e.g.
613:), considering the unturned pages to be somewhere "out there." The concept of cyberspace, therefore, refers not to the content being presented to the surfer, but rather to the possibility of surfing among different sites, with
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The âGeography of
Notopiaâ (Papadimitriou, 2006) theorizes about the complex interplay of cyber-cultures and the geographical space. This interplay has several philosophical and psychological facets (Papadimitriou, 2009).
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as most important to a functional code of cyberethics. Such moral responsibilities go hand in hand when working online with global networks, specifically when opinions are involved with online social experiences.
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The works of
Atelier Cyberspace were originally shown at a number of Copenhagen venues and have later been exhibited at The National Gallery of Denmark in Copenhagen as part of the exhibition "What's Happening?"
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and be mistaken for reality. This questioning of reality occasionally led some philosophers and especially theologians to distrust art as deceiving people into entering a world which was not real (see
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first person that thinks of the possibility of an alternative world like ours would be ridiculed by the majority of these citizens, just like the few enlightened ones in Plato's allegory of the cave.
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Atelier
Cyberspace worked at a time when the Internet did not exist and computers were more or less off-limit to artists and creative engagement. In a 2015 interview with Scandinavian art magazine
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The most recent analysis of the interaction of Cyberspace and International politics has been investigated in the MIT, Harvard and CFR ECIR project (Explorations in Cyber International Relations
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Cyberspace is the "place" where a telephone conversation appears to occur. Not inside your actual phone, the plastic device on your desk. Not inside the other person's phone, in some other city.
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Having originated among writers, the concept of cyberspace remains most popular in literature and film. Although artists working with other media have expressed interest in the concept, such as
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While cyberspace should not be confused with the Internet, the term is often used to refer to objects and identities that exist largely within the communication network itself, so that a
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as the first to use it to refer to "the present-day nexus of computer and telecommunications networks". Barlow describes it thus in his essay to announce the formation of the
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To us, "cyberspace" was simply about managing spaces. There was nothing esoteric about it. Nothing digital, either. It was just a tool. The space was concrete, physical.
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confused with physical infrastructure. It has also been critiqued as being unhelpful for falsely employing a spatial metaphor to describe what is inherently a network.
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Slater, Don 2002, 'Social Relationships and Identity Online and Offline', in L.Lievrouw and S.Livingston (eds), The Handbook of New Media, Sage, London, pp533â46.
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occurs. The word became popular in the 1990s when the use of the Internet, networking, and digital communication were all growing dramatically; the term
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Teixeira, Marcelo Mendonça (2012). Cyberculture: From Plato To The Virtual Universe. The Architecture of Collective Intelligence. Munich: Grin Verlag.
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718:). The artistic challenge was resurrected with increasing ambition as art became more and more realistic with the invention of photography, film (see
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interactive experience that is accessible regardless of a geographic location. It is for these reasons cyberspace has been described as the ultimate
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The Communication Model of Virtual Universe: Amazon.co.uk: Marcelo Mendonça Teixeira, Tiago Alessandro EspĂnola Ferreira: 9783656569916: Books
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1103:"The globe is now officially open for business!" : the advertising of cyberspace : globalization and the politics of cyberculture
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499:, an American multinational corporation that focuses on 2D and 3D design software, developed a virtual design system called Cyberspace.
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Now widely used, the term has since been criticized by Gibson, who commented on the origin of the term in the 2000 documentary
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Graham, Mark (2013). "Geography/internet: Ethereal alternate dimensions of cyberspace or grounded augmented realities?".
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between the user and the rest of the system creating the potential to always encounter something unknown or unexpected.
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of Australian aboriginal ancestors; East Roman/Byzantine iconoclasm movements in the 8th and 8th c. CE; in Islam,
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define cyberspace as one of five interdependent domains, the remaining four being land, air, maritime, and space.
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cyberspace works since it is not a physical thing that can be looked at. Secondly, cyberspace is the site of
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processing systems. Others consider cyberspace to be just a notional environment in which communication over
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were among the first to extol the potential of computers and computer networks for individual empowerment.
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Cyberculture, The key Concepts, edited by David Bell, Brian D.Loader, Nicholas Pleace and Douglas Schuler
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Definition by Marco Mayer, Luigi Martino, Pablo Mazurier and Gergana Tzvetkova, Draft Pisa, 19 May 2014
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The "space" in cyberspace has more in common with the abstract, mathematical meanings of the term (see
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Granville, Johanna (2003). "Dot.Con: The Dangers of Cyber Crime and a Call for Proactive Solutions".
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ranged in the nonspace of the mind, clusters and constellations of data. Like city lights, receding.
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Strate, Lance (1999). "The varieties of cyberspace: Problems in definition and delimitation".
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that feeds them a false reality. This argument is the direct predecessor of modern ideas of a
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The term "cyberspace" first appeared in the visual arts in the late 1960s, when Danish artist
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Ippolito, Jon (December 1998 â January 1999). "Cross Talk: Is Cyberspace Really a Space?".
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and many popular conceptions of cyberspace take Descartes's ideas as their starting point.
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philosophical argument against the idea that we could be in cyberspace and not know it by
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Steiger, Stefan; Harnisch, Sebastian; Zettl, Kerstin; Lohmann, Johannes (2018-01-02).
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more players in the game, and then figuratively representing them on the screen as
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Ranging across history, from the interference of depictions of newly died in the
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As Barlow, and the EFF continued public education efforts to promote the idea of "
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rather than cyberspace, fully immersive virtual realities remaining impractical.
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In which the Air Force Flies and Fights, Speech by Secretary of the Air Force
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Teixeira, Marcelo Mendonca; Ferreira, Tiago Alessandro Espinola (2014-01-28).
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Morningstar, Chip and F. Randall Farmer. The Lessons of Lucasfilm's Habitat.
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has become a conventional means to describe anything associated with general
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The term "cyberspace" first appeared in fiction in the 1980s in the work of
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and other exegetes from the 9th century onward; in Judaism, Joseph Karo's
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1622:"DoD Joint Publication 3-12(R) Cyberspace Operations (5 February 2013)"
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this global network. Cyberspace users are sometimes referred to as
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The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder On the Electronic Frontier.
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Concept describing a widespread, interconnected digital technology
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https://www.academia.edu/7096442/How_would_you_define_Cyberspace
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Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
312:. The U.S. government recognizes the interdependent network of
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1329:"Introduction to the exhibition - Statens Museum for Kunst"
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explicitly refer to the concept of cyberspace, for example
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Graham, Mark (2011). "Time machines and virtual portals".
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operating across this medium as part of the US national
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Kramer, F.D.; Starr, S.H.; Wentz, L.K. (1 April 2009).
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Get Real: A Philosophical Adventure in Virtual Reality
1945:(1st ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 82.
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Get Real: A Philosophical Adventure in Virtual Reality
1355:"March 17, 1948: William Gibson, Father of Cyberspace"
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Get Real: A Philosophical Adventure in Virtual Reality
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A forerunner of the modern ideas of cyberspace is the
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John Perry Barlow, "Crime and Puzzlement", 1990-06-08
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Mayer, M.; De Scalzi, N.; Martino, L.; Chiarugi, I.
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Some contemporary philosophers and scientists (e.g.
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1896:"Internet will be the LSD of the 90s", quoted by
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1609:). ECIR Principal Investigator is Nazli Choucri
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2183:A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace
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1073:Delfanti, Alessandro; Arvidsson, Adam (2019).
1050:What's in a Name? Metaphors and Cybersecurity.
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1844:, the Guardian of the BahĂĄ'Ă Faith (1921â57).
1406:"Postmodernism and the Culture of Cyberspace"
1239:"Cyberethics: Morality and Law in Cyberspace"
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1255:"The National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace"
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1968:The Communication Model of Virtual Universe
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2111:"Postmodern Science Fiction and Cyberpunk"
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2033:Australian Journal of Politics and History
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1365:
1321:
1262:Department of Homeland Security
721:Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat
570:computer-mediated communication
430:
2275:List of awards and nominations
1280:
1226:. White House. April 30, 2024.
1216:
1177:
1150:
1132:
1093:
1066:
764:. For example, Philip Zhai in
454:Electronic Frontier Foundation
396:" and later in his 1984 novel
1:
2580:No Maps for These Territories
1887:, retrieved December 31, 2006
1699:Air & Space Power Journal
1353:Scott Thil (March 17, 2009).
1202:10.1080/23738871.2018.1453526
1076:Introduction to Digital Media
1059:
732:
706:have a tradition, stretching
418:No Maps for These Territories
258:environment. It is a type of
2566:Agrippa (A Book of the Dead)
2470:Fragments of a Hologram Rose
2201:Sex, Religion and Cyberspace
2097:, Chicago: Open Court, 2000.
347:
7:
2192:Peculiarities of Cyberspace
2077:. New York:Ace Books, 2004.
1415:, Fall 1996 course syllabus
1054:International Organization.
868:
532:United States Cyber Command
272:telecommunications networks
22:Cyberspace (disambiguation)
10:
2814:
2144:10.1177/146499341001100303
2095:The Ontology of Cyberspace
2055:
1920:"Godfathers of Cyberspace"
1733:New Media: An Introduction
966:Legal aspects of computing
840:
814:
541:
114:Intelligence amplification
18:
2693:
2657:
2621:
2596:
2557:
2461:
2426:
2399:
2364:
2327:
2290:
2283:
2265:
2065:Christine Buci-Glucksmann
1171:10.1080/10570319909374648
831:immersive virtual reality
804:technological convergence
798:A New Communication Model
655:calling their customers "
548:Internet-related prefixes
1657:The Geographical Journal
1476:The Sovereign Individual
1372:Gibson, William (1984).
1100:Govind., Warrier, Vinu.
951:Information superhighway
906:Cyber security standards
710:, of artifacts meant to
84:Brainâcomputer interface
27:Not to be confused with
2773:History of the Internet
2484:The Gernsback Continuum
2113:, retrieved 2006-07-19.
2045:10.1111/1467-8497.00284
1970:. Munich: Grin Verlag.
1738:Oxford University Press
1447:"Crime and Puzzlement,"
1404:Vanderbilt University,
1190:Journal of Cyber Policy
881:Artificial intelligence
728:Influenced by computers
388:science fiction author
322:critical infrastructure
2519:Red Star, Winter Orbit
2354:All Tomorrow's Parties
2219:Cyberspace as a Domain
1079:. Wiley. p. 150.
971:Knowledge:Link surfing
810:
775:
599:
518:
469:
428:
413:
378:
369:
318:cyber-physical systems
268:information technology
79:Biomedical engineering
2435:The Difference Engine
1425:Principia Cybernetica
1236:Richard A. Spinello,
1146:on February 18, 2013.
770:
758:The Fabric of Reality
609:(of books as well as
579:
522:Joint Chiefs of Staff
513:
458:
423:
408:
373:
365:
254:is an interconnected
182:Morphological freedom
119:Whole brain emulation
94:Distributed cognition
2612:First Person Shooter
2162:Spectra Books, 1992.
1898:an on-line biography
1853:Alexander Laurence,
1600:http://ecir.mit.edu/
1481:Simon & Schuster
1288:The New Media Reader
1048:Branch, J. (2020). "
743:William S. Burroughs
665:The Hacker Crackdown
632:playing space (i.e.
594:The Hacker Crackdown
479:Virtual environments
192:Techno-progressivism
20:For other uses, see
2373:Pattern Recognition
2317:Mona Lisa Overdrive
1767:John Perry Barlow,
1669:2013GeogJ.179..177G
1471:James Dale Davidson
1445:John Perry Barlow,
762:thought experiments
684:Predating computers
649:virtual communities
636:) take the form of
135:Cyborg anthropology
99:Genetic engineering
40:Part of a series on
2505:The Belonging Kind
2015:"Telepresence Art"
1925:2006-12-14 at the
1903:2006-12-09 at the
1883:2006-11-13 at the
1860:2007-01-03 at the
1816:2007-10-13 at the
1796:2006-11-15 at the
1789:FindLaw Legal News
1778:, February 8, 1996
1774:2010-02-28 at the
1730:Terry, F. (2008).
1677:10.1111/geoj.12009
1605:2014-09-04 at the
1586:2017-06-20 at the
1514:2017-03-13 at the
1452:2012-01-01 at the
1433:2006-08-21 at the
1411:2007-01-07 at the
991:Multi-agent system
876:Augmented browsing
825:, "cyberspace" in
544:Internet metaphors
435:Don Slater uses a
187:Singularitarianism
2750:
2749:
2526:The Winter Market
2457:
2456:
2187:John Perry Barlow
2158:Sterling, Bruce.
1467:William Rees-Mogg
1391:978-0-441-56956-4
1264:. February 2003.
1001:Simulated reality
891:Computer security
708:back to antiquity
638:augmented reality
583:The place between
450:John Perry Barlow
342:F. Randall Farmer
280:computer networks
270:infrastructures,
249:
248:
172:Cognitive liberty
109:Human enhancement
2805:
2798:1980s neologisms
2768:Cyberpunk themes
2694:Derivative works
2365:Blue Ant trilogy
2288:
2287:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2155:
2137:
2109:Irvine, Martin.
2106:
2049:
2048:
2028:
2022:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1935:
1929:
1916:Douglas Rushkoff
1913:
1907:
1894:
1888:
1875:
1869:
1851:
1845:
1826:
1820:
1807:
1801:
1785:
1779:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1696:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1627:. Archived from
1626:
1618:
1612:
1596:
1590:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1525:
1519:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1463:
1457:
1443:
1437:
1422:
1416:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1379:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1331:. Archived from
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1306:. Archived from
1300:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1259:
1251:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1142:. Archived from
1136:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1115:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1070:
1011:Computer program
931:Crypto-anarchism
597:
467:
338:Chip Morningstar
330:right to privacy
328:. Many view the
310:Internet culture
308:and the diverse
241:
234:
227:
205:Related articles
56:
37:
36:
34:
25:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2788:Virtual reality
2783:Information Age
2753:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2710:Johnny Mnemonic
2689:
2670:Megacorporation
2653:
2649:Hubertus Bigend
2617:
2592:
2553:
2477:Johnny Mnemonic
2453:
2422:
2395:
2360:
2323:
2279:
2261:
2256:
2210:Brains in a vat
2196:Albert Benschop
2179:
2135:10.1.1.659.9379
2058:
2053:
2052:
2029:
2025:
2011:
2007:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1936:
1932:
1927:Wayback Machine
1914:
1910:
1905:Wayback Machine
1895:
1891:
1885:Wayback Machine
1876:
1872:
1862:Wayback Machine
1852:
1848:
1827:
1823:
1818:Wayback Machine
1808:
1804:
1798:Wayback Machine
1786:
1782:
1776:Wayback Machine
1766:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1694:
1688:
1684:
1653:
1646:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1607:Wayback Machine
1597:
1593:
1588:Wayback Machine
1578:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1526:
1522:
1516:Wayback Machine
1506:
1502:
1495:
1464:
1460:
1454:Wayback Machine
1444:
1440:
1435:Wayback Machine
1423:
1419:
1413:Wayback Machine
1403:
1399:
1392:
1370:
1366:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1182:
1178:
1155:
1151:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1117:
1116:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1045:
1043:Further reading
1040:
1031:Virtual reality
1006:Social software
921:Online magazine
871:
863:artificial life
854:
845:
839:
819:
813:
800:
791:
789:Cyber-Geography
777:Note that this
741:exponents like
735:
730:
686:
681:
598:
590:
558:Michel Foucault
550:
540:
505:
481:
468:
465:
433:
350:
245:
104:Human ecosystem
35:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2811:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2793:William Gibson
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2740:The Peripheral
2736:
2729:
2722:
2718:New Rose Hotel
2714:
2706:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2658:Story elements
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2629:Molly Millions
2625:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:Burning Chrome
2543:
2540:Skinner's Room
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2512:Burning Chrome
2508:
2501:
2498:New Rose Hotel
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2443:
2440:Bruce Sterling
2430:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2408:The Peripheral
2403:
2401:
2400:Jackpot series
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2333:
2331:
2329:Bridge trilogy
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2313:
2305:
2296:
2294:
2292:Sprawl trilogy
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:William Gibson
2255:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2205:Richard Thieme
2198:
2189:
2178:
2177:External links
2175:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2165:Zhai, Philip.
2163:
2156:
2128:(3): 211â227.
2117:
2114:
2107:
2098:
2091:David Koepsell
2088:
2078:
2071:William Gibson
2068:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2023:
2005:
1983:
1976:
1958:
1951:
1930:
1908:
1889:
1870:
1846:
1842:Shoghi Effendi
1838:Shulkhan Arukh
1830:Great Dreaming
1821:
1802:
1780:
1760:
1747:978-0195551495
1746:
1722:
1682:
1663:(2): 177â182.
1644:
1613:
1591:
1572:
1546:
1520:
1518:April 10, 1989
1500:
1494:978-0684832722
1493:
1458:
1438:
1417:
1397:
1390:
1364:
1345:
1320:
1292:
1279:
1243:
1229:
1215:
1176:
1149:
1131:
1092:
1085:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1036:World Wide Web
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
946:Global commons
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
872:
870:
867:
853:
850:
843:Computer crime
841:Main article:
838:
837:Computer crime
835:
815:Main article:
812:
809:
799:
796:
790:
787:
779:brain-in-a-vat
739:counterculture
734:
731:
729:
726:
698:brain in a vat
685:
682:
680:
677:
615:feedback loops
588:
560:used the term
539:
536:
504:
501:
480:
477:
473:digital rights
463:
446:Bruce Sterling
442:World Wide Web
432:
429:
394:Burning Chrome
390:William Gibson
354:Susanne Ussing
349:
346:
247:
246:
244:
243:
236:
229:
221:
218:
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81:
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71:
63:
62:
58:
57:
49:
48:
42:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2810:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2726:Node Magazine
2723:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2685:Raygun Gothic
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2644:Cayce Pollard
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:Bobby Newmark
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:Short stories
2460:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:Spook Country
2378:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:Virtual Light
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:List of works
2268:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2223:Michael Wynne
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:Hilary Putnam
2211:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:Eduardo Kac,
2009:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1979:
1977:9783656569916
1973:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1952:9780847689835
1948:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1749:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1634:on 2018-01-27
1630:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1335:on 2016-07-17
1334:
1330:
1324:
1310:on 2015-08-26
1309:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1289:
1283:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1165:(3): 382â83.
1164:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1127:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1088:
1086:9781119276401
1082:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1026:Virtual world
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
986:Mixed reality
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
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2605:Kill Switch
2491:Hinterlands
2301:Neuromancer
2081:Oliver Grau
2039:: 102â109.
1376:Neuromancer
936:Digital pet
916:Wired glove
827:digital art
704:Visual arts
661:Second Life
621:Video games
611:web servers
404:Neuromancer
399:Neuromancer
326:cyberethics
89:Cybernetics
61:Cyborgology
2763:Cyberspace
2757:Categories
2704:video game
2665:Cyberspace
2622:Characters
2597:Television
2558:Nonfiction
2549:collection
2309:Count Zero
2000:3656569916
1753:19 January
1716:2018-10-29
1638:2018-12-01
1565:19 January
1539:19 January
1483:. p.
1339:2015-08-24
1314:2015-08-24
1272:19 January
1112:1108665848
1060:References
956:Infosphere
823:Roy Ascott
733:Philosophy
694:evil demon
653:Linden Lab
542:See also:
298:cyberspace
290:cybernauts
284:cyberspace
252:Cyberspace
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690:Cartesian
657:Residents
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630:immersive
577:culture.
574:new media
495:In 1989,
490:tax haven
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348:Etymology
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1665:Bibcode
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783:reality
626:avatars
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