2839:
124:
102:
321:
superfamily that presently includes seven extant families and three extinct families, though others have been recognized in the past. The most familiar members of the group are
352:(the gall wasps), it is a poorly known group as a whole, though there are nearly 3000 known species in total, and a great many species are still undescribed, mostly in the
1100:
Jack Hearn; Erik Gobbo; José Luis Nieves-Aldrey; et al. (3 October 2023). "Phylogenomic analysis of protein-coding genes resolves complex gall wasp relationships".
1057:
Matthew L Buffington; Mattias
Forshage; Johan Liljeblad; Chang-Ti Tang; Simon van Noort (1 July 2020). "World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher-Level Groups".
290:
1903:
907:
1948:
739:
639:
627:
1858:
1678:
1621:
861:
852:
700:
548:
444:
294:
208:
1913:
831:
775:
688:
597:
499:
1808:
970:
822:
425:
403:
381:
259:
238:
225:
1976:
1938:
1853:
1698:
961:
766:
466:
287:
2788:
2198:
1958:
1923:
1813:
979:
925:
843:
813:
784:
721:
651:
618:
609:
508:
337:. They are typically glossy, dark, smooth wasps with somewhat compressed bodies and somewhat reduced wing venation. It is common for various
2436:
988:
870:
730:
709:
262:
241:
228:
1981:
1031:
804:
795:
757:
748:
557:
934:
364:, enabling identification to the family level. Several groups formerly included in Cynipidae were elevated to family status in 2023.
2880:
2762:
1159:
2767:
2909:
2728:
2793:
360:) are still largely unknown. In July 2020, an identification key for the superfamily was published in the journal
2904:
2741:
2775:
835:
713:
2873:
2671:
123:
2803:
1152:
356:. Each of the constituent families differs in biology, though life histories of one of the families (
489:
302:
282:
2914:
2816:
1056:
2866:
2611:
584:
253:
2811:
1102:
341:
segments to be fused in various ways (often diagnostic for families or subfamilies), and the
2710:
2658:
2649:
1145:
631:
8:
2899:
1099:
535:
274:
219:
110:
118:
2697:
2041:
1873:
1556:
1115:
1074:
185:
2854:
2663:
2294:
2226:
2026:
1583:
1334:
1123:
1107:
1082:
1066:
342:
266:
245:
232:
2838:
2676:
2702:
2255:
1756:
1659:
1565:
1267:
1251:
2780:
2850:
2736:
2723:
2634:
2451:
2203:
2076:
1991:
1953:
1843:
1833:
1828:
1764:
1703:
1634:
1593:
1573:
1533:
1504:
1299:
1137:
485:
299:
2893:
2568:
2532:
2524:
2208:
2031:
2011:
1971:
1943:
1603:
1578:
1541:
1520:
1326:
1119:
1078:
334:
59:
1127:
1086:
2594:
2555:
2456:
2418:
2401:
2167:
2130:
2122:
2016:
2006:
1996:
1908:
1878:
1774:
1746:
1726:
1708:
1546:
1389:
1381:
1339:
1212:
943:
643:
1070:
2749:
2643:
2441:
2423:
2328:
2307:
2281:
2193:
2180:
2112:
2104:
2094:
2086:
1928:
1918:
1898:
1848:
1838:
1798:
1741:
1718:
1693:
1683:
1649:
1598:
1360:
1283:
1169:
580:
357:
318:
250:
175:
34:
2689:
2563:
2547:
2539:
2528:
2520:
2499:
2446:
2323:
2315:
2273:
2247:
2175:
2055:
2021:
1933:
1893:
1883:
1868:
1731:
1588:
1512:
1476:
1352:
1275:
1111:
448:
330:
322:
211:
79:
44:
2754:
2516:
2512:
2466:
2431:
2357:
2349:
2336:
2286:
2260:
2218:
2188:
2068:
2063:
2036:
2001:
1986:
1888:
1863:
1818:
1790:
1736:
1688:
1644:
1639:
1626:
1431:
1423:
1402:
1200:
1188:
997:
916:
893:
674:
531:
353:
349:
279:
271:
216:
155:
135:
101:
84:
2605:
2846:
2684:
2628:
2461:
2234:
2144:
1963:
1803:
1452:
1410:
1368:
1318:
1312:
1291:
1223:
1206:
952:
338:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
2391:
2237:(paper wasps, potter wasps, pollen wasps, yellowjackets, hornets)
1259:
89:
64:
2507:
1823:
1194:
1182:
165:
145:
2715:
1666:
329:-formers, though the actual majority of included species are
2399:
326:
2483:
2378:
2370:
904:
697:
685:
606:
594:
545:
422:
400:
378:
1050:
2891:
1167:
2874:
1153:
983:Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander, & Ronquist, 2015
965:Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander, & Ronquist, 2015
947:Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander, & Ronquist, 2015
1093:
992:Liljeblad, Nieves-Aldrey, & Melika, 2011
1032:"Is That a Gall Wasp? Now You Can Find Out"
2881:
2867:
1160:
1146:
808:Paretas-Martinez & Pujade-Villar, 2011
100:
2892:
2610:
2609:
1141:
2833:
2804:d987c881-4dea-4497-955d-01e819c3c6cc
2742:ef7cf6f1-0e30-4aea-881b-4c45906436ac
856:Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar, 2007
470:Nieves-Aldrey & Liljeblad, 2009
13:
1038:. Entomological Society of America
929:Nieves-Aldrey & Ronquist, 2015
874:Ronquist & Nieves-Aldrey, 2001
14:
2926:
1029:
367:
2837:
1059:Insect Systematics and Diversity
865:Buffington & Liljeblad, 2008
362:Insect Systematics and Diversity
122:
32:
2339:(sapygid, or club-horned wasps)
817:Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910
1023:
1:
2558:(mason bees, leafcutter bees)
1016:
345:is very short, when present.
2853:. You can help Knowledge by
7:
10:
2931:
2832:
348:With the exception of the
2910:Hymenoptera superfamilies
2618:
2589:
2482:
2390:
2369:
2348:
2306:
2272:
2246:
2217:
2166:
2143:
2121:
2103:
2085:
2054:
1773:
1755:
1717:
1658:
1612:
1564:
1555:
1532:
1503:
1474:
1451:
1422:
1401:
1380:
1351:
1325:
1311:
1250:
1246:
1221:
1177:
206:
201:
119:Scientific classification
117:
108:
99:
23:
1342:(web-spinning sawflies)
2905:Apocrita superfamilies
2849:-related article is a
2469:(thread-waisted wasps)
2297:(sierolomorphid wasps)
2229:(rhopalosomatid wasps)
1434:(parasitic wood wasps)
2812:Paleobiology Database
1103:Systematic Entomology
613:Liu & Engel, 2007
601:Liu & Engel, 2007
552:Liu & Engel, 2010
429:Liu & Engel, 2007
407:Liu & Engel, 2007
385:Liu & Engel, 2007
317:are a moderate-sized
2737:Fauna Europaea (new)
16:Superfamily of wasps
1278:(cimbicid sawflies)
1071:10.1093/ISD/IXAA003
716:& Kieffer, 1910
111:Cynips quercusfolii
1363:(cedar wood wasps)
1286:(conifer sawflies)
1112:10.1111/SYEN.12611
30:Cretaceous-Present
2862:
2861:
2827:
2826:
2612:Taxon identifiers
2603:
2602:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2536:
2503:
2493:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2427:
2426:(cockroach wasps)
2412:
2382:
2361:
2340:
2332:
2319:
2298:
2295:Sierolomorphidae
2290:
2264:
2238:
2230:
2227:Rhopalosomatidae
2184:
2139:
2138:
2072:
2050:
2049:
2042:Trichogrammatidae
1967:
1904:Eutrichosomatidae
1874:Epichrysomallidae
1794:
1784:
1672:
1630:
1557:Proctotrupomorpha
1524:
1523:(ichneumon wasps)
1516:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1414:
1393:
1372:
1364:
1343:
1303:
1302:(common sawflies)
1295:
1294:(pergid sawflies)
1287:
1279:
1271:
1263:
1002:
993:
984:
975:
966:
957:
948:
939:
930:
921:
912:
908:Hodiernocynipinae
898:
875:
866:
857:
848:
839:
827:
818:
809:
800:
789:
780:
771:
762:
753:
744:
735:
726:
717:
705:
693:
679:
656:
647:
635:
623:
614:
602:
588:
562:
553:
539:
513:
504:
493:
471:
452:
430:
408:
386:
311:
310:
186:Proctotrupomorpha
2922:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2841:
2834:
2820:
2819:
2807:
2806:
2797:
2796:
2784:
2783:
2781:NBNSYS0100002715
2771:
2770:
2758:
2757:
2745:
2744:
2732:
2731:
2719:
2718:
2706:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2680:
2679:
2667:
2666:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2607:
2606:
2557:
2549:
2542:(plasterer bees)
2541:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2479:
2468:
2425:
2411:
2410:
2409:(sphecoid wasps)
2406:
2397:
2396:
2380:
2359:
2338:
2330:
2317:
2296:
2288:
2262:
2236:
2228:
2182:
2164:
2163:
2070:
2027:Tanaostigmatidae
1965:
1949:Melanosomellidae
1792:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1671:
1670:
1662:
1628:
1584:Neuroscelionidae
1562:
1561:
1522:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1472:
1471:
1433:
1412:
1391:
1370:
1362:
1341:
1335:Megalodontesidae
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1268:Blasticotomidae
1262:(argid sawflies)
1261:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1036:Entomology Today
1027:
1000:
991:
982:
973:
964:
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
906:
896:
873:
864:
855:
846:
834:
825:
816:
807:
798:
788:Buffington, 2009
787:
778:
769:
760:
751:
742:
740:Diglyphosematini
733:
724:
712:
703:
699:
691:
687:
677:
654:
642:
640:Oberthuerellinae
630:
628:Dallatorrellinae
621:
612:
608:
600:
596:
583:
560:
551:
547:
534:
511:
502:
488:
469:
447:
428:
424:
406:
402:
384:
380:
335:hyperparasitoids
325:, especially as
127:
126:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2815:
2810:
2802:
2800:
2792:
2787:
2779:
2774:
2766:
2761:
2753:
2748:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2683:
2675:
2670:
2662:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2614:
2604:
2599:
2573:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2474:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2386:
2365:
2360:(scoliid wasps)
2344:
2302:
2268:
2263:(tiphiid wasps)
2256:Bradynobaenidae
2242:
2213:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2135:
2117:
2099:
2081:
2046:
1859:Cynipencyrtidae
1781:(chalcid wasps)
1780:
1779:
1777:
1769:
1757:Mymarommatoidea
1751:
1713:
1679:Proctorenyxidae
1664:
1663:
1660:Proctotrupoidea
1654:
1622:Austrocynipidae
1608:
1566:Platygastroidea
1551:
1528:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1439:
1418:
1413:(stem sawflies)
1397:
1376:
1347:
1321:
1307:
1300:Tenthredinidae
1270:(fern sawflies)
1252:Tenthredinoidea
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1173:
1166:
1136:
1135:
1098:
1094:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1030:Mertz, Leslie.
1028:
1024:
1019:
956:Latreille, 1802
920:Latreille, 1802
897:Latreille, 1802
862:Euceroptresinae
853:Plectocynipinae
701:Palaeocynipinae
549:Archaeibaliinae
503:Latreille, 1802
445:Austrocynipidae
370:
306:
298:
286:
278:
270:
257:
249:
236:
223:
215:
209:Austrocynipidae
121:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2928:
2918:
2917:
2915:Apocrita stubs
2912:
2907:
2902:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2842:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2808:
2798:
2785:
2772:
2759:
2746:
2733:
2724:Fauna Europaea
2720:
2707:
2694:
2681:
2668:
2655:
2640:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2533:stingless bees
2525:carpenter bees
2505:
2496:
2494:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:Pemphredonidae
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2334:
2331:(spider wasps)
2326:
2321:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2292:
2289:(flower wasps)
2284:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2204:Sclerogibbidae
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2183:(cuckoo wasps)
2178:
2172:
2170:
2161:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2077:Gasteruptiidae
2074:
2071:(ensign wasps)
2066:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:Pelecinellidae
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1961:
1956:
1954:Metapelmatidae
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1914:Hetreulophidae
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1844:Chrysolampidae
1841:
1836:
1834:Chalcedectidae
1831:
1829:Cerocephalidae
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1787:
1785:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1765:Mymarommatidae
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1704:Proctotrupidae
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1635:Diplolepididae
1632:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:Platygastridae
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:Geoscelionidae
1570:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1534:Ceraphronoidea
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:Ichneumonidae
1518:
1509:
1507:
1505:Ichneumonoidea
1498:
1469:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1256:
1254:
1241:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1092:
1049:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
949:
940:
931:
913:
885:
884:
883:
882:
881:
880:
879:
878:
877:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
832:Pycnostigminae
828:
819:
810:
801:
792:
791:
790:
781:
776:Trichoplastini
772:
763:
754:
745:
727:
718:
706:
694:
689:Rasnicynipinae
666:
665:
664:
663:
662:
661:
660:
659:
658:
657:
648:
636:
624:
615:
603:
598:Proliopterinae
572:
571:
570:
569:
568:
567:
566:
565:
564:
563:
554:
523:
522:
521:
520:
519:
518:
517:
516:
515:
514:
505:
500:Diplolepidinae
486:Diplolepididae
477:
476:
475:
474:
473:
472:
458:
457:
456:
455:
454:
453:
436:
435:
434:
433:
432:
431:
414:
413:
412:
411:
410:
409:
392:
391:
390:
389:
388:
387:
369:
368:Classification
366:
309:
308:
300:Diplolepididae
204:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2927:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2570:
2569:Stenotritidae
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2556:Megachilidae
2554:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2318:(velvet ants)
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2209:Scolebythidae
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2142:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2123:Trigonaloidea
2120:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:Tetracampidae
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Signiphoridae
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:Neanastatidae
1970:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:Megastigmidae
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Baeomorphidae
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1604:Sparasionidae
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Janzenellidae
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:Ceraphronidae
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1450:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1390:Xiphydriidae
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1382:Xiphydrioidea
1379:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1340:Pamphiliidae
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1327:Pamphilioidea
1324:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1001:Ashmead, 1896
999:
995:
990:
986:
981:
977:
974:Ashmead, 1903
972:
971:Eschatocerini
968:
963:
959:
954:
950:
945:
941:
938:Ashmead, 1903
936:
932:
927:
923:
922:
918:
914:
911:Kovalev, 1994
909:
902:
901:
900:
899:
895:
891:
890:
889:
888:
887:
886:
872:
868:
863:
859:
854:
850:
847:Kovalev, 1994
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
826:Thomson, 1862
824:
823:Anacharitinae
820:
815:
811:
806:
802:
799:Thomson, 1862
797:
793:
786:
782:
779:Kovalev, 1989
777:
773:
768:
764:
761:Belizin, 1961
759:
755:
752:Thomson, 1862
750:
746:
743:Belizin, 1961
741:
737:
736:
734:Thomson, 1862
732:
728:
725:Kovalev, 1994
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
695:
690:
683:
682:
681:
680:
678:Thomson, 1862
676:
672:
671:
670:
669:
668:
667:
655:Ashmead, 1895
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
622:Hedicke, 1922
620:
616:
611:
604:
599:
592:
591:
590:
589:
586:
582:
578:
577:
576:
575:
574:
573:
561:Thomson, 1862
559:
555:
550:
543:
542:
541:
540:
537:
533:
529:
528:
527:
526:
525:
524:
512:Ashmead, 1903
510:
506:
501:
497:
496:
495:
494:
491:
487:
483:
482:
481:
480:
479:
478:
468:
464:
463:
462:
461:
460:
459:
450:
446:
442:
441:
440:
439:
438:
437:
427:
426:Gerocynipidae
420:
419:
418:
417:
416:
415:
405:
404:Stolamissidae
398:
397:
396:
395:
394:
393:
383:
382:Protimaspidae
376:
375:
374:
373:
372:
371:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
307:
304:
301:
296:
292:
291:Nieves-Aldrey
289:
284:
281:
276:
273:
268:
264:
261:
260:Gerocynipidae
255:
252:
247:
243:
240:
239:Stolamissidae
234:
230:
227:
226:Protimaspidae
221:
218:
213:
210:
205:
200:
197:
194:
192:Superfamily:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
125:
120:
116:
113:
112:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
2855:expanding it
2844:
2829:
2619:
2595:Unicalcarida
2550:(sweat bees)
2502:(mason bees)
2457:Philanthidae
2424:Ampulicidae
2419:Ammoplanidae
2402:Spheciformes
2400:
2181:Chrysididae
2168:Chrysidoidea
2131:Trigonalidae
2105:Megalyroidea
2087:Stephanoidea
2017:Spalangiidae
2007:Pteromalidae
1997:Perilampidae
1977:Neodiparidae
1966:(fairyflies)
1939:Macromesidae
1909:Herbertiidae
1879:Eucharitidae
1854:Coelocybidae
1775:Chalcidoidea
1747:Monomachidae
1727:Austroniidae
1709:Vanhorniidae
1699:Peradeniidae
1629:(gall wasps)
1613:
1547:Megaspilidae
1475:
1392:(wood wasps)
1361:Anaxyelidae
1284:Diprionidae
1222:
1213:Holometabola
1211:Superorder:
1205:Infraclass:
1170:Hymenopteran
1101:
1095:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1035:
1025:
962:Diastrophini
944:Ceroptresini
770:Hellén, 1960
767:Kleidotomini
704:Kozlov, 1995
692:Kozlov, 1996
467:Paraulacidae
361:
347:
323:phytophagous
319:hymenopteran
314:
312:
288:Paraulacidae
207:
195:
182:Infraorder:
109:
18:
2750:iNaturalist
2644:Wikispecies
2548:Halictidae
2540:Colletidae
2529:orchid bees
2521:cuckoo bees
2500:Andrenidae
2442:Crabronidae
2379:Formicidae
2371:Formicoidea
2329:Pompilidae
2316:Mutillidae
2308:Pompiloidea
2282:Chyphotidae
2199:Plumariidae
2194:Embolemidae
2113:Megalyridae
2095:Stephanidae
1959:Moranilidae
1929:Leucospidae
1924:Idioporidae
1919:Heydeniidae
1899:Eurytomidae
1849:Cleonymidae
1839:Chalcididae
1814:Boucekiidae
1799:Aphelinidae
1793:(fig wasps)
1742:Maamingidae
1719:Diaprioidea
1694:Pelecinidae
1684:Roproniidae
1650:Liopteridae
1599:Scelionidae
1515:(braconids)
1513:Braconidae
1371:(horntails)
1276:Cimbicidae
980:Phanacidini
926:Aulacideini
844:Thrasorinae
814:Aspicerinae
785:Zaeucoilini
722:Emargininae
714:Dalla Torre
652:Liopterinae
619:Mayrellinae
610:Goeraniinae
581:Liopteridae
509:Pediaspinae
358:Liopteridae
331:parasitoids
251:Liopteridae
176:Hymenoptera
2900:Cynipoidea
2894:Categories
2677:Cynipoidea
2664:Cynipoidea
2650:Cynipoidea
2620:Cynipoidea
2593:See also:
2564:Melittidae
2517:bumblebees
2513:honey bees
2484:Anthophila
2467:Sphecidae
2447:Mellinidae
2437:Bembicidae
2358:Scoliidae
2350:Scolioidea
2337:Sapygidae
2324:Myrmosidae
2287:Thynnidae
2274:Thynnoidea
2261:Tiphiidae
2248:Tiphioidea
2176:Bethylidae
2069:Evaniidae
2056:Evanioidea
2022:Systasidae
1964:Mymaridae
1934:Lyciscidae
1894:Eupelmidae
1884:Eulophidae
1869:Encyrtidae
1791:Agaonidae
1732:Diapriidae
1627:Cynipidae
1614:Cynipoidea
1589:Nixoniidae
1432:Orussidae
1424:Orussoidea
1369:Siricidae
1353:Siricoidea
1199:Subclass:
1189:Arthropoda
1128:Q123440111
1087:Q119582746
1017:References
989:Qwaqwaiini
915:Subfamily
903:Subfamily
871:Parnipinae
869:Subfamily
860:Subfamily
851:Subfamily
842:Subfamily
830:Subfamily
821:Subfamily
812:Subfamily
803:Subfamily
794:Subfamily
731:Eucoilinae
729:Subfamily
720:Subfamily
710:Charipinae
708:Subfamily
696:Subfamily
684:Subfamily
650:Subfamily
638:Subfamily
626:Subfamily
617:Subfamily
605:Subfamily
593:Subfamily
556:Subfamily
544:Subfamily
507:Subfamily
498:Subfamily
315:Cynipoidea
196:Cynipoidea
156:Arthropoda
24:Cynipoidea
2432:Astatidae
2235:Vespidae
2219:Vespoidea
2189:Dryinidae
2064:Aulacidae
2037:Torymidae
2002:Pirenidae
1987:Ormyridae
1982:Ooderidae
1889:Eunotidae
1864:Diparidae
1819:Calesidae
1737:Ismaridae
1689:Heloridae
1645:Ibaliidae
1640:Figitidae
1411:Cephidae
1403:Cephoidea
1313:Xyeloidea
1292:Pergidae
1201:Pterygota
1181:Kingdom:
1120:0307-6970
1079:2399-3421
998:Synergini
917:Cynipinae
894:Cynipidae
805:Mikeiinae
796:Figitinae
758:Ganaspini
749:Eucoilini
675:Figitidae
558:Ibaliinae
532:Ibaliidae
490:Latreille
354:Figitidae
350:Cynipidae
339:metasomal
303:Latreille
295:Liljeblad
283:Latreille
280:Cynipidae
272:Figitidae
217:Ibaliidae
202:Families
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
2847:Apocrita
2685:BugGuide
2635:Q1492678
2629:Wikidata
2462:Psenidae
1804:Azotidae
1319:Xyelidae
1260:Argidae
1207:Neoptera
1187:Phylum:
1183:Animalia
1172:families
1124:Wikidata
1083:Wikidata
953:Cynipini
935:Aylacini
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
2392:Apoidea
1195:Insecta
1193:Class:
1168:Extant
892:Family
836:Cameron
673:Family
644:Hedicke
632:Kieffer
585:Ashmead
579:Family
536:Thomson
530:Family
484:Family
465:Family
443:Family
421:Family
399:Family
377:Family
343:petiole
275:Thomson
254:Ashmead
220:Thomson
172:Order:
166:Insecta
162:Class:
2817:213874
2801:NZOR:
2768:154025
2508:Apidae
2490:(bees)
2381:(ants)
1824:Ceidae
1667:s.str.
1126:
1118:
1085:
1077:
1042:7 July
996:Tribe
987:Tribe
978:Tribe
969:Tribe
960:Tribe
951:Tribe
942:Tribe
933:Tribe
924:Tribe
838:, 1905
783:Tribe
774:Tribe
765:Tribe
756:Tribe
747:Tribe
738:Tribe
646:, 1903
634:, 1911
587:, 1895
538:, 1862
492:, 1802
451:, 1971
305:, 1802
297:, 2009
293:&
285:, 1802
277:, 1962
269:, 2007
265:&
256:, 1895
248:, 2007
244:&
235:, 2007
231:&
222:, 1862
214:, 1971
2845:This
2794:40307
2755:55593
2729:11331
2690:14738
1065:(4).
267:Engel
246:Engel
233:Engel
2851:stub
2789:NCBI
2763:ITIS
2716:7494
1116:ISSN
1075:ISSN
1044:2020
449:Riek
327:gall
313:The
212:Riek
35:PreꞒ
2776:NBN
2711:EoL
2703:525
2698:CoL
2672:AFD
2659:ADW
1108:doi
1067:doi
333:or
263:Liu
242:Liu
229:Liu
2896::
2814::
2791::
2778::
2765::
2752::
2739::
2726::
2713::
2700::
2687::
2674::
2661::
2646::
2631::
2531:,
2527:,
2523:,
2519:,
2515:,
1122:.
1114:.
1106:.
1081:.
1073:.
1061:.
1034:.
85:Pg
2882:e
2875:t
2868:v
2857:.
2535:)
2511:(
2159:a
2157:t
2155:a
2153:e
2151:l
2149:u
2147:c
2145:A
1669:)
1665:(
1495:a
1493:c
1491:i
1489:t
1487:i
1485:s
1483:a
1481:r
1479:a
1477:P
1467:a
1465:t
1463:i
1461:r
1459:c
1457:o
1455:p
1453:A
1238:a
1236:t
1234:y
1232:h
1230:p
1228:m
1226:y
1224:S
1161:e
1154:t
1147:v
1130:.
1110::
1089:.
1069::
1063:4
1046:.
905:†
698:†
686:†
607:†
595:†
546:†
423:†
401:†
379:†
258:†
237:†
224:†
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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