1951:
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62:
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480:
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450:
1799:, dropped precipitously. The professor T. G. Masaryk supported them from the United States of America. The rapidly growing Red Army was getting stronger by the day, retaking Kazan on 10 September, followed by Samara a month later. The legionaries, whose strength had peaked at around 61,000 earlier that year, were lacking reliable reinforcements from POW camps and were disappointed by the failure of Allied soldiers from other countries to join them on the front lines.
665:
641:
2845:
2608:
3101:
1905:
507:
94:
310:
1142:
874:
1708:
1313:
1118:
573:
494:
3006:. On January 1, 1919, Legion troops took control of the city of Bratislava and Italian Colonel Riccardo Barreca was appointed military commander of the city. Several clashes (which killed at least nine Hungarian demonstrators) took place and Barreca himself was injured. The Italian officers continued to assist in the operations against the Hungarians during the war. Many veterans of the legion also fought in the
4278:
1651:
2855:
1532:
consent of France, Great
Britain, and the US. The first ceremonial hoisting of the Czechoslovak flag on the house inhabited by T. G. Masaryk, the head of the interim government, took place on 18 October 1918. Based on the historical flag of Bohemia, the Czechoslovak flag was defined as the connection of two stripes, i.e. a white one above a red one.
1579:, who had arrived in Russia earlier that year, began planning for the Legion's departure from Russia and transfer to France so the Czechoslovaks could continue to fight against the Central Powers. Since most of Russia's main ports were blockaded, Masaryk decided that the Legion should travel from Ukraine to the Pacific port of
1861:. After his bodyguard deserted him there, the legionaries were ordered by Allied representatives in Siberia to convey him to the British military mission in Irkutsk. This plan was resisted by insurgents along the Czechoslovaks' route, and as a result the legionaries, after consulting their commanders, Generals
1631:, to order the complete disarmament and arrest of the legionaries. At an army congress that convened in Chelyabinsk a few days later, the Czechoslovaks – against the wishes of the National Council – refused to disarm and began issuing ultimatums for their passage to Vladivostok. This incident sparked the
2994:
The French military mission's role was to integrate the existing
Czechoslovak Foreign Legions with the home units of the Army and develop a professional command structure. On October 15, 1919, the main staff of the Czechoslovak Army was officially formed. French officers were installed as territorial
2056:
12 ships were chartered by the
Centrocommission; 9683 people were taken away. Two Japanese ships and one Russian were chartered for cargo. For the transport of people, boats were bought or rented mainly in Japan (7), China (1) and Russia (1). The first ship dispatched by the Centro-Commission was the
1876:
On 7 February 1920, the legionaries had signed an armistice with the Fifth Red Army at Kutin, whereby the latter allowed the
Czechoslovaks unmolested passage to Vladivostok. In exchange, the legionaries agreed not to try to rescue Kolchak, and to leave the remaining gold bullion with the authorities
1606:
to iron out the details of the corps' evacuation. On 25 March, the two sides signed the Penza
Agreement, in which the legionaries were to surrender most of their weapons in exchange for unmolested passage to Vladivostok. Tensions continued to mount, as each side distrusted the other. The Bolsheviks,
3797:
As an example, General
Piccione did not consider the agreed demarcation line to be militarily advantageous. Therefore, he decided to move his troops to the south into Hungary. Although he notified the Hungarian government, he advanced, on January 16, 1919, before any reply. The Hungarians disagreed
1735:
The
Czechoslovak Legion's campaign in Siberia impressed Allied statesmen and attracted them to the idea of an independent Czechoslovak state. As the legionaries cruised from one victory to another that summer, the Czechoslovak National Council began receiving official statements of recognition from
1667:
had taken control of
Vladivostok, overthrowing the local Bolshevik administration. On July 6, the Legion declared the city to be an Allied protectorate, and legionnaires began returning across the Trans-Siberian Railway to support their comrades fighting to their west. Generally, the Czechoslovaks
1531:
The reverse side of the
Russian legion's flag showed national colors for the Russian command, and Czech and Slovak colors for the Czechs and Slovaks. The National Council of Czechoslovakia in exile, which led the anti-Austrian resistance, became the interim government on 26 September 1918 with the
924:
to enlist Czech and Slovak POWs from the Austro-Hungarian Army, but this order was rescinded after only a few weeks due to opposition from other branches of the
Russian government. Despite continuous efforts of émigré leaders to persuade the Russian authorities to change their mind, the Czechs and
1853:
by the White army and refugees along the Trans-Siberian Railway. In the following weeks, the Whites' rear was further disorganized by widespread outbreaks of uprisings and partisan activity. The homesick legionaries, who simply wanted to leave Siberia without incurring any more casualties than
1051:
The creation of Czechoslovak units in Italy took place much later than in France or Russia. In January 1918, the commander of 6th Italian Army decided to form small reconnaissance groups from Czech, Moravian Slovak and Southern Slav volunteers from prisoner-of-war camps. They also served in
1917:
When the armistice with the Bolsheviks was concluded, dozens of Czechoslovak trains were still west of Irkutsk. On 1 March 1920, the last Czechoslovak train passed through that city. The legionaries' progress was still hampered at times by the Japanese Expeditionary Force and the troops of
858:
In the first months of World War I, the response of the Czech soldiers and civilians to the war and mobilization efforts were highly enthusiastic; however, it turned into apathy later. As World War I broke out, national societies representing ethnic Czechs and Slovaks residing in the
4438:
1928:
The total number of people evacuated with the Czechoslovak Legion in Russia was 67,739; including 56,455 soldiers, 3,004 officers, 6,714 civilians, 1,716 wives, 717 children, 1,935 foreigners and 198 others. After their return to Czechoslovakia, many formed the core of the new
1936:
The number of legionaries killed in Russia during World War I and the Russian Civil War was 4,112. An unknown number went missing or deserted the legion, either to make an arduous journey to return home or to join the Czechoslovak Communists. Among the latter was
1744:
Shortly after they entered into hostilities against the Bolsheviks, the legionaries began making common cause with anti-Bolshevik Russians who began forming their own governments behind the Czechoslovaks' lines. The most important of these governments were the
4455:
4704:
1618:
from Penza to Vladivostok. Their evacuation was proving much slower than expected due to dilapidated railway conditions, a shortage of locomotives and the recurring need to negotiate with local soviets along the route. On 14 May, a dispute at the
1586:
In February 1918, Bolshevik authorities in Ukraine granted Masaryk and his troops permission to begin the 9,700-kilometre (6,000 mi) journey to Vladivostok. On 18 February, before the Czechoslovaks had left Ukraine, the German Army launched
1810:, arousing the troops with a desire to return to their homeland. The final blow to Czechoslovak morale arrived on 18 November 1918, when a coup in Omsk overthrew the All-Russian Provisional Government and installed a dictatorship under Admiral
3549:
PRECLÍK, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (Masaryk and legions), váz. kniha, 219 str., vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karviná) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague), 2019,
4234:
Preclík, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (TGM and legions), váz. kniha, 219 str., vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karviná) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk democratic movement in Prague), 2019,
1719:
News of the Czechoslovak Legion's campaign in Siberia during the summer of 1918 was welcomed by Allied statesmen in Great Britain and France, who saw the operation as a means to reconstitute an eastern front against Germany. U.S. President
4426:
1925:, who stalled the Czechoslovak trains to delay the arrival of the Red Army in Eastern Siberia. By then the evacuation of Czechoslovak troops from Vladivostok was well underway, and the last legionaries left the port in September 1920.
1658:
Fighting between the Czechoslovak Legion and the Bolsheviks erupted at several points along the Trans-Siberian Railway in the last days of May 1918. By June, the two sides were fighting along the railway route from Penza to
2084:
on September 2, 1920. The first ships sailed to Naples and Marseille. Others passed through the Panama Canal, others to North America, others to Canada with the final port of Hamburg. The whole evacuation took 1 year and 8
1607:
despite Masaryk's order for the legionaries to remain neutral in Russia's affairs, suspected that the Czechoslovaks might join their counterrevolutionary enemies in the borderlands. Meanwhile, the legionaries were wary of
1591:(fist strike) on the Eastern Front to force the Soviet government to accept its terms for peace. From 5 to 13 March, the Czechoslovak legionaries successfully fought off German attempts to prevent their evacuation in the
2995:
commanders and commanders of some divisions. Over the course of time, there were 200 French non-commissioned officers, over 100 commissioned officers and 19 Generals. General Pellé and his immediate replacement, General
1892:
followed. The Red Army did not enter Irkutsk until 7 March, and only then was the news of Kolchak's death officially released. Because of this, and also because of an attempted rebellion against the Whites, organized by
925:
Slovaks were officially barred from recruiting POWs until the summer of 1917. Still, some Czechs and Slovaks were able to sidestep this ban by enlisting POWs through local agreements with Russian military authorities.
971:
permission to mobilize Czech, Moravian and Slovak volunteers from the POW camps. Later that summer, a fourth regiment was added to the brigade, which was renamed the First Division of the Czechoslovak Corps in Russia
4551:
4539:
4527:
1517:
4200:
McNamara, Kevin J., ''Dreams of a Great Small Nation: The Mutinous Army that Threatened a Revolution, Destroyed an Empire, Founded a Republic, and Remade the Map of Europe,'' Public Affairs, New York 2016.
2991:. After some disagreements with the Italian-led Czechs in Slovakia, President Masaryk eventually replaced Piccione with Pellé on July 4, 1919, and essentially ended the Italian connection to the Legion.
4634:
4627:
1052:
propaganda actions against the Austrian army. In September 1918 the first fighting unit, the 39th Regiment of the Czechoslovak Italian Legion, was formed from those volunteer reconnaissance squadrons.
4310:
2987:
of the Czechoslovak Republic. Members of the Legions formed a significant part of the new Czechoslovak Army. A French military mission began in Czech territories after January 1919, led by General
1724:, who had resisted earlier Allied proposals to intervene in Russia, gave in to domestic and foreign pressure to support the legionaries' evacuation from Siberia. In early July 1918, he published an
1683:, and by the beginning of September they had cleared Bolshevik forces from the entire length of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Legionnaires conquered all the large cities of Siberia, including
1025:
New autonomous Czechoslovak units were established by the decree of the French government on 19 December 1917. In January 1918, the 21st Czechoslovak Rifle Regiment was formed in the town of
909:
soldiers served in scattered patrols performing a number of specialized duties, including reconnaissance, prisoner interrogation and subversion of enemy troops in the opposite trenches.
4416:
1950:
4433:
1528:
Flags of legions’ regiments were white and red with embroidered symbols of the Czech countries and Slovakia, linden twigs, St. Wenceslas’ crown, letters “ S”, and Hussite themes.
4392:
4815:
3433:
3182:
4303:
3051:, describes the occupation of a small Siberian town by a company of the Czechoslovak Legion in 1919. The original inhabitants of the town are members of the Christian sect of
1769:
and an Imperial state gold reserve on 6-7 August 1918. Czechoslovak pressure was also crucial in convincing the anti-Bolshevik forces in Siberia to nominally unify behind the
4445:
4267:
Note: There were quite a few books on the Legion written in Czech that were published in the 1920s, but most were hard to find following Soviet victory in World War II.
3108:, this detail highlights the flag of the Czechoslovak Legion. The Legion served on three separate fronts: France, Italy, and Russia. Total number of troops est. 75,000.
2061:, sailing on July 8, 1919. The regular transport of legionnaires and partially disabled people began on December 9, 1919, with the transport of the 1st Regiment on the
4810:
4546:
4534:
4522:
4246:
1611:
who were trying to subvert the corps. They also suspected that the Bolsheviks were being pressured by the Central Powers to stall their movement towards Vladivostok.
4296:
4421:
3140:
4622:
4450:
3918:
3119:
The Mounted Patrol (Jízdní hlídka in Czech) is a 1936 Czechoslovak movie and drama about a skirmish of the Czechoslovak Legion with bolsheviks in Siberia.
980:) in Russia. A second division, consisting of four regiments, was added to the Legion in October 1917, raising its strength to about 40,000 troops by 1918.
948:
was reorganized as the 1st Czecho-Slovak Rifle Regiment. During that year, two more infantry regiments were added, creating the Czechoslovak Rifle Brigade (
4467:
4699:
3295:
4805:
4800:
3841:
1728:
calling for a limited intervention in Siberia by the U.S. and Japan to rescue the Czechoslovak troops, who were then blocked by Bolshevik forces in
4659:
4387:
4070:"White Gold: The Imperial Russian Gold Reserve in the Anti-Bolshevik East, 1918-? (An Unconcluded Chapter in the History of the Russian Civil War)"
916:
from a battalion into a formidable military formation. To achieve this goal, they recognized that they would need to recruit from Czech and Slovak
3127:
is a real-time tactics video game developed by Ashborne Games, in which the player controls a train carrying Czechoslovak Legion troops along the
1821:
During the winter of 1918–1919, the Czechoslovak troops were redeployed from the front to guard the route of the Trans-Siberian Railway between
4664:
1493:
1022:
on May 9 and June 16, 1915. Because of heavy casualties, the company was disbanded, and volunteers continued to fight in various French units.
4751:
4374:
4369:
4364:
1881:
firing squad to prevent his rescue by a small White army then on the outskirts of the city. His body was dumped under the ice of the frozen
4462:
3798:
with the new demarcation action. At the order of the Czech government, Piccione returned his troops to the original demarcation line. See
4263:
Cestami odboje, memoirs of Czechoslovak Legion soldiers in Russia, France and Italy published in "Pokrok" (Prague) between 1926 and 1929.
4228:
1469:
937:
828:. Originally an all-volunteer force, these formations were later strengthened by Czech and Slovak prisoners of war or deserters from the
455:
1849:
were in a steady retreat from the Red Eastern Army Group. On 14 November, the Reds took Omsk, Kolchak's capital, initiating a desperate
3680:
3441:
2694:
3799:
4409:
1481:
1732:. But by the time most American and Japanese units landed in Vladivostok, the Czechoslovaks were already there to welcome them.
832:. The majority of the legionaries were Czechs, with Slovaks making up 7% of the force in Russia, 3% in Italy and 16% in France.
4756:
4482:
3025:, a bank formed with the capital they had gathered during their long service). These and other organizations were known as the
2570:
1754:
1608:
1505:
867:
cause, these groups advocated the establishment of a unit of Czech and Slovak volunteers to fight alongside the Russian Army.
1837:
and Yugoslav POWs in Siberia, the Czechoslovaks defended the Kolchak government's only supply route for the duration of 1919.
1780:
1029:; it mixed prisoners of war with volunteers living in America. The 22nd Czechoslovak Rifle Regiment was created later in May.
4240:
3775:
3555:
4282:
20:
3698:
2730:
2185:
901:
authorized the formation of a battalion recruited from Czechs and Slovaks in Russia. This unit, called the "Companions" (
3740:
2983:
Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the disintegrating Austria-Hungary, on 28 October 1918 with now President
2215:
2095:
4597:
3944:
2633:
2045:
The Allies provided 21 ships—United States 12, Britain 9. Two ships were provided by the American Red Cross. The ships
1857:
Meanwhile, Kolchak's trains, which included the gold bullion captured from Kazan, were stranded along the railway near
1834:
1770:
1602:, representatives of the Czechoslovak National Council continued to negotiate with Bolshevik authorities in Moscow and
3716:
3323:
2110:
4055:
4029:
4003:
3071:
1632:
1546:
245:
2626:
2200:
1791:
During the autumn of 1918, the legionaries' enthusiasm for the fighting in Russia, then mostly confined along the
4769:
1692:
1888:
When the White Army learned about the execution, its remaining leadership decided to withdraw farther east. The
928:
863:
petitioned the Russian government to support the independence of their homelands. To prove their loyalty to the
3579:
Josef Kalvoda, "Czech and Slovak Prisoners of War in Russia during the War and Revolution", Peter Pastor, ed.,
3003:
2677:
964:
944:
Under these conditions, the Czechoslovak unit in Russia grew very slowly from 1914 to 1917. In early 1916, the
669:
3859:
3309:
2684:
2140:
1901:
on 17 November 1919, the Whites accused the Czechoslovaks of treason, but were too weak to act against them.
1870:
1750:
989:
968:
771:
577:
336:
326:
270:
2967:
Remembrance Ceremony at the memorial of 30 June 2013, with the unit in uniforms of CS legionnaires in France
2875:
2670:
1059:
in 1918 and were immediately drafted into fights for new state borders, most notably in the war against the
4795:
4743:
4356:
4347:
3123:
2649:
2230:
2155:
2125:
1046:
3892:
1638:
4694:
4654:
3032:
3007:
2984:
2868:
2757:
2170:
1803:
1056:
767:
747:
690:
214:
202:
190:
98:
3337:
2882:
2861:
2642:
4689:
4592:
4573:
1869:, made the controversial decision to turn Kolchak over to the Political Center, a government formed by
1762:
19:
This article is about a formation during the Russian Civil War. For other Czechoslovak formations, see
3810:
Wandycz,P., France and her Eastern Allies 1919-1925, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis (1962)
2889:
2663:
2619:
912:
From its start, Czech and Slovak political émigrés in Russia and Western Europe desired to expand the
4602:
4563:
4558:
3842:"'A Czechoslovakian epic': the Czechoslovak Legion in the Russian Revolution - European studies blog"
1830:
1060:
3820:
1943:
746:
until November 1919. Their goal was to win the support of the Allied Powers for the independence of
4639:
4288:
2817:
2721:
1889:
1850:
3105:
2963:
4774:
4684:
4492:
1854:
necessary, declared their neutrality amid the unrest and did nothing to suppress the rebellions.
1572:
1007:
957:
933:
905:), went to the front in October 1914, where it was attached to the Russian Third Army. There the
782:
195:
3800:
http://www.svornost.com/20-ledna-1919-dokonceno-osvobozovani-slovenska-cs-armadou-a-dobrovolniky
1559:. The dark grey lines show the maximum advance of the White forces, including the Czechoslovaks.
4721:
4155:
4021:
3128:
2656:
2260:
1784:
The banner of the First Assault Battalion of Czechoslovak Legions, adopted in February 1919 in
1615:
802:
2996:
4726:
3113:
2245:
1688:
1588:
1184:
1164:
1147:
1131:
1094:
1018:" ("Nazdar!" Company). The company distinguished itself in heavy combat during assaults near
999:
829:
817:
813:
731:
470:
394:
383:
233:
114:
3097:
Two postage stamps, issued in 1919, were printed for use by Czechoslovak Legion in Siberia.
820:
since the beginning of the war as the "Nazdar" company, and similar units later emerging in
4498:
3145:
3013:
Legion veterans formed organizations such as the Association of Czechoslovak Legionnaires (
2971:
2581:
1583:, where the men would embark on transport vessels that would carry them to Western Europe.
1032:
290:
285:
1642:
Soldiers of the 8th Regiment of the Czechoslovak Legion in Russia killed by Bolsheviks at
1447:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1403:
1395:
1387:
1379:
1359:
1351:
1343:
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61:
8:
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4337:
4210:
4083:
4074:
4047:
3971:"Last Train Home s českým dabingem přinese strastiplný návrat československých legionářů"
3112:
The flag of the Czechoslovak Legion can be seen in the Allies in the monumental painting
3048:
1826:
378:
2076:
The first ship to take the first Siberian legionnaires from Vladivostok was the Italian
4578:
4477:
4095:
2703:
1643:
1592:
1576:
953:
890:
786:
759:
512:
400:
332:
238:
4326:
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4220:
4051:
4025:
3999:
3970:
3771:
3551:
3164:
3067:
1930:
1811:
1664:
1556:
825:
794:
743:
527:
412:
355:
228:
1938:
885:
4669:
4612:
4087:
1624:
1236:
1216:
1206:
1109:
917:
821:
485:
16:
Volunteer armed force fighting on the side of the Entente powers during World War I
2988:
920:(POWs) in Russian camps. In late 1914, Russian military authorities permitted the
4487:
3919:"'Last Train Home' trailer reveals a gritty strategy set in the aftermath of WW1"
3877:
3027:
2899:
995:
956:
in July 1917, when the Czecho-Slovak troops overran Austrian trenches during the
778:
763:
715:
698:
to Its Victorious Sons", a monument to the Czechoslovak Legions at Palacký Square
645:
624:
551:
219:
46:
3089:
2748:
1725:
1551:
340:
4568:
4399:
4319:
2948:
2739:
1922:
1822:
1815:
1796:
1721:
1696:
1676:
1568:
1414:
1370:
1334:
1322:
1244:
1122:
1066:
1026:
864:
860:
841:
790:
707:
498:
37:
4091:
3384:, Translated by Henry Wickham Steed (New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1927) 177.
816:, the Legion in Russia was established in 1917, with other troops fighting in
4789:
4515:
3077:
Gustav Becvar (August Wenzel Engelbert (Gustav) Bečvář) published his memoir
2930:
2921:
2821:
2712:
1862:
1846:
1785:
1684:
1599:
611:
565:
423:
2912:
1866:
1055:
Czechoslovak legionaries in Italy were the first to return to newly created
280:
4617:
3183:"Češi bojovali hrdinně za Rakousko-Uhersko, ale první republika to tutlala"
2775:
2465:
1894:
1882:
1858:
1628:
1627:
POWs heading west to be repatriated caused the People's Commissar for War,
1523:
Battalion of the 1st Assault Battalion of the Czechoslovak Legion in Russia
751:
657:
275:
207:
1567:
seized power throughout Russia and soon began peace negotiations with the
766:. With the help of émigré intellectuals and politicians such as the Czech
2766:
1898:
1792:
1729:
1660:
1646:, 1918. Standing above them are other members of the Czechoslovak Legion.
1620:
1580:
781:, they took part in several victorious battles of the war, including the
735:
373:
185:
3762:
3455:
3434:"Czech troops take Russian port of Vladivostok for Allies – Jul 6, 1918"
4472:
4322:
4251:
The United States, Revolutionary Russia, and the Rise of Czechoslovakia
4044:
A Hopeless Struggle: The Austro-Hungarian Army and Total War, 1914-1918
3018:
2976:
2489:
1564:
798:
739:
418:
4099:
4069:
2069:, which sailed on February 13, 1920. The last ship with cargo was the
4607:
3100:
2999:(also French), were the first chiefs staff of the Czechoslovak Army.
2939:
1904:
1712:
172:
4318:
3354:
3131:
during their withdrawal. The game was released on 28 November 2023.
1675:
By mid-July, the legionaries had seized control of the railway from
4404:
3501:
From Victoria to Vladivostok: Canada's Siberian Expedition, 1917–19
3349:
3347:
1707:
1669:
873:
755:
1702:
1668:
were the victors in their early engagements against the fledgling
309:
3052:
2844:
2607:
1680:
1141:
1011:
1006:
for units of Czechoslovak volunteers. On 31 August 1914, the 1st
878:
806:
727:
3893:"Last Train Home turns World War 1 history into a strategy game"
3770:(in Slovak). Bratislava: Vojenský historický ústav. p. 73.
3344:
1954:
A map of the routes the Czechoslovak Legion in Russia took home.
4277:
3945:"Nová hra z Brna vypráví příběh československých legií v Rusku"
3477:(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1958) 357–358, 382–384.
1919:
1807:
1746:
1650:
898:
723:
695:
3586:
3561:
3506:
3250:
3248:
2979:
main office in Prague is decorated with reliefs of war scenes.
1614:
By May 1918, the Czechoslovak Legion was strung out along the
3821:"Přál jsem si míti křídla - Josef Dufka | Databáze knih"
2564:
1878:
1877:
in Irkutsk. Earlier that day, Kolchak had been executed by a
1766:
1603:
1019:
1908:
The last photo of Kolchak taken before his execution in 1920
4742:
4355:
4150:
Revolutionary War for Independence and the Russian Question
3260:
3245:
1963:
A total of 36 transports were dispatched from Vladivostok.
1758:
1251:
Czechoslovak Italian Legion VI. Division and VII. Division
963:
Following the soldiers' stellar performance at Zborov, the
3598:
1765:
won several important victories, including the capture of
994:
In France, the Czechs and the Slovaks who wanted to fight
722:) were volunteer armed forces consisting predominantly of
3650:
3648:
3646:
1774:
1074:
877:
Memorial to the Czechoslovaks in the battle of Zborov at
4253:, Texas A&M University Press, College Station, 2000.
4225:
The Czech and Slovak Legion in Siberia from 1917 to 1922
2854:
932:
Memorial for the dead of the Czechoslovak Legion in the
3208:
4816:
Military units and formations of the Russian Civil War
4018:
The Czecho-Slovak Struggle for Independence, 1914-1920
3643:
3639:. Harcourt, Brace, & World, Inc. pp. 216–217.
3196:
1155:
1st Company, Battalion C, of the 2nd Infantry Regiment
1010:
of the 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Foreign Legion in
812:
After three years of existence as a small unit in the
3625:(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996) 544–665.
1663:. By the end of the month, legionaries under General
1575:. The chairman of the Czechoslovak National Council,
389:
Autonomous Czechoslovak Army (after 19 December 1917)
4138:, St. Martins Press, New York 1994 pp. 183–189.
3617:
3615:
3613:
3475:
Soviet-American Relations: The Decision to Intervene
3233:
1912:
1014:
was created mostly of the Czechs and was nicknamed "
1739:
1699:less than a week before the arrival of the Legion.
1540:
1375:First Division of the Czechoslovak Corps in Russia
4190:, University Press of America, Washington DC 1981.
4811:Expatriate units and formations of Czechoslovakia
3610:
3518:
3503:(Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press)
3397:(London: Leonard Parsons, 1926) 101–103, 128–129.
1840:
1499:Czechoslovak Legion in France Flag 21st Regiment
4787:
4207:, HarperCollins, New York 2002 pp. 221–222.
4124:, Leonard Parsons/Whitefriar Press, London 1926.
3962:
3668:The Czech and Slovak Legion in Siberia 1917–1922
3230:(Boulder: East European Monographs, 1986) 62–63.
3141:South African support to the Czechoslovak Legion
2073:, which sailed from Vladivostok on May 14, 1920.
446:
1703:Involvement in the Russian Civil War, 1918–1919
4217:, Canongate, Edinburgh, London, New York 2005.
3936:
1427:5th Infantry Regiment of Thomas Masaryk Prague
774:, they grew into a force over 100,000 strong.
4304:
4260:, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1950.
3583:(New York: Brooklyn College Press, 1983) 225.
2575:
1829:attacks. Alongside other legions formed from
1623:station between legionaries heading east and
952:). This unit distinguished itself during the
848:
4514:
3996:The Czechoslovak Legion in Russia, 1914-1920
3290:
3288:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2897:
2799:
2788:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
1399:3rd Infantry Jan Žižka from Trocnów Regiment
967:finally granted their émigré leaders on the
4015:
3764:Československá vojenská symbolika 1914-1939
3604:
3592:
3567:
3512:
3461:
3266:
3254:
1475:Czechoslovak Legion in Russia Flag (front)
1461:
4311:
4297:
4143:The Bolsheviks and the Czechoslovak Legion
3910:
3408:The Bolsheviks and the Czechoslovak Legion
3369:Revolutionary War and the Russian Question
2565:Ranks of the Czechoslovak Legion in Russia
2080:on January 15, 1919, and the last was the
1941:, later the author of the satirical novel
1761:. With substantial Czechoslovak help, the
1487:Czechoslovak Legion in Russia Flag (rear)
976:), also known as the Czechoslovak Legion (
839:preceded and anticipated the creation of
4801:1914 establishments in the Russian Empire
4635:Separate Mongolian-Buryat Cavalry Brigade
4197:, East European Monographs, Boulder 1986.
4041:
3756:
3754:
3285:
3202:
3062:by Jozef Dufka was published in magazine
3031:("The Castle") for their support of the
1654:Czechoslovak troops in Vladivostok (1918)
503:
4188:Czechoslovakia's Role in Soviet Strategy
4016:Mueggenberg, Brent (September 6, 2014).
3890:
3099:
3088:
3066:during 1996-1999 and as a book in 2002 (
2970:
2962:
1949:
1903:
1779:
1706:
1649:
1637:
1550:
1085:
1065:
1031:
927:
884:
872:
689:
518:
461:
3993:
3860:"Galerie osobností města Nového Jičína"
3836:
3834:
3654:
3634:
3239:
3214:
1391:2nd Infantry Jiří of Poděbrady Regiment
1100:
542:
476:
4788:
3760:
3751:
2571:Ranks of the Czechoslovak Armed Forces
2558:17. 12. 1919 and 11. 11. 1920 Trieste
2053:made all or part of the journey twice.
1845:During the summer and autumn of 1919,
1075:Table of units involved in World War I
386:"Nazdar!" Company (until 16 June 1915)
4806:Czechoslovakia–Soviet Union relations
4292:
4067:
3916:
3558:, pages 124 - 128,140 - 148,184 - 190
3524:
2638:
2615:
2418:12. 6. 1920 and 13. 10. 1920 Trieste
3994:Bradley, John Francis Nejez (1991).
3831:
3717:"How did the Czech Legion get home?"
3104:From the Allies in the painting the
2065:. The last ship with people was the
1535:
21:Czechoslovak Legion (disambiguation)
4022:McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers
1598:After leaving Ukraine and entering
793:, and were heavily involved in the
13:
4183:, MacMillan, New York/London 1967.
4114:
3968:
3355:"History of the flag of the Czech"
3185:. zpravy.idnes.cz. 27 October 2008
1771:All-Russian Provisional Government
1511:Czechoslovak Legion in Italy Flag
1407:4th Infantry Prokop Grand Regiment
801:, at times controlling the entire
406:Czechoslovak Italian Legion (1918)
14:
4827:
4417:Army Group Kiev of General Bredov
4270:
4169:, Faber & Faber, London 1961.
4162:, Rupert Hart Davis, London 1963.
4131:, Osprey Publishers, Oxford 2008.
3942:
3670:(Jefferson: McFarland, 2012) 157.
3540:(New York: Viking, 1997) 580–581.
3410:(New Delhi: Abhinav, 1978) 22–38.
3395:The March of the Seventy Thousand
3371:(New Delhi: Abhinav, 1977) 36–39.
1913:Evacuation from Vladivostok, 1920
1547:Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion
246:Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion
4276:
4205:The Secret Plot to Save the Tsar
4152:, Shakti Malik, New Delhi, 1977.
4042:Schindler, John Richard (1995).
3891:Franzese, Tomas (11 June 2023).
3038:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2843:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2606:
2259:
2244:
2229:
2214:
2199:
2184:
2169:
2154:
2139:
2124:
2109:
2094:
1740:Capture of Imperial gold reserve
1541:Evacuation from Bolshevik Russia
1516:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1468:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1413:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1369:
1363:3rd Czecho-Slovak Rifle Regiment
1358:
1355:2nd Czecho-Slovak Rifle Regiment
1350:
1347:1st Czecho-Slovak Rifle Regiment
1342:
1333:
1321:
1311:
1301:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1254:
1243:
1235:
1224:
1215:
1205:
1197:22nd Czechoslovak Rifle Regiment
1192:
1183:
1177:21st Czechoslovak Rifle Regiment
1172:
1163:
1140:
1130:
1116:
1102:
1087:
950:Československá střelecká brigáda
663:
651:
639:
617:
604:
571:
558:
544:
520:
505:
492:
478:
463:
448:
308:
133:13,653 and 489 officers in Italy
92:
66:Czechoslovak Legion coat of arms
60:
4770:Turkestan Military Organization
4145:, Shakti Malik, New Delhi 1978.
3884:
3870:
3852:
3813:
3804:
3791:
3733:
3709:
3691:
3673:
3660:
3628:
3573:
3543:
3530:
3493:
3480:
3467:
3426:
3413:
3400:
3387:
3374:
3361:
3330:
3316:
3302:
3093:1919 Czechoslovak Legion Stamps
3015:Československá obec legionářská
1755:Provisional Siberian Government
1383:Jan Hus's 1st Infantry Regiment
4434:Novorossiysk Region Army Group
3747:. 12 October 1920. p. 23.
3272:
3220:
3175:
3157:
2811:
1841:Betrayal of the White Russians
1451:8th Infantry Silesian Regiment
1036:Czechoslovak Legions in France
965:Russian Provisional Government
897:On 5 August 1914, the Russian
762:, which were then part of the
1:
4195:The Genesis of Czechoslovakia
4176:, McGraw-Hill, New York 1978.
4136:The Lost Fortune of the Tsars
3464:, pp. 161–177, 188–191..
3228:The Genesis of Czechoslovakia
3165:"Nad Tatrou sa blýska - (10)"
3151:
2013:Czechoslovakia*, other allies
1958:
1070:Czechoslovak Legions in Italy
990:Czechoslovak Legion in France
969:Czechoslovak National Council
327:Czechoslovak National Council
4744:Armed Forces of South Russia
4357:Armed Forces of South Russia
3998:. East European Monographs.
3917:Brown, Andy (11 June 2023).
3864:galerieosobnosti.muzeumnj.cz
3002:The Legion took part in the
2028:*A part of Centro-Commission
1773:, formed at a conference in
1736:various Allied governments.
1435:6th Hanack Infantry Regiment
1047:Czechoslovak Legion in Italy
1002:, hence originated the term
983:
853:
805:and several major cities in
730:fighting on the side of the
7:
4695:West Russian Volunteer Army
4160:The Fate of Admiral Kolchak
3741:"Eastern and Foreign Ports"
3637:The Fate of Admiral Kolchak
3134:
3033:President of Czechoslovakia
2415:27. 4. 1920 and 24. 8. 1920
1339:Czechoslovak Rifle Brigade
1241:Sixth Division Czechoslovak
1040:
974:Československý sbor na Rusi
748:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
10:
4832:
4574:4th Eastern Siberian Corps
4181:The Army Without a Country
3705:. 31 July 1920. p. 4.
3687:. 5 July 1920. p. 16.
3004:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War
2958:
2783:
2592:
2576:Commissioned officer ranks
2568:
2555:13. 8. 1919 and 2. 9. 1920
1871:Socialists-Revolutionaries
1544:
1044:
987:
849:Involvement in World War I
18:
4735:
4714:
4678:
4603:Orenburg Independent Army
4564:2nd Steppe Siberian Corps
4559:1st Middle Siberian Corps
4507:
4446:Kharkov Region Army Group
4346:
4333:
4258:The Siberian Intervention
4247:Unterberger, Betty Miller
4092:10.1080/09668139408412232
3084:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2918:
2909:
2896:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2818:non-commissioned officers
2796:
2785:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2709:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2603:
2598:
2595:
2289:Departed from Vladivostok
1443:7th Tatra Rifle Regiment,
1229:Esploratori Cecoslovacchi
1061:Hungarian Soviet Republic
998:were allowed to join the
889:A memorial plaque to the
681:
590:
578:Russian State (1918–1920)
433:
369:
365:Czechoslovak independence
361:
351:
320:
316:
304:
299:
261:
256:
178:
167:
151:
143:
123:
104:
87:
79:
71:
59:
33:
28:
4640:Asiatic Cavalry Division
4547:3rd Army (Siberian Army)
4535:2nd Army (Siberian Army)
4523:1st Army (Siberian Army)
4215:The People's Act of Love
4129:The Czech Legion 1914–20
3060:Přál jsem si míti křídla
3047:, by the British writer
3045:The People's Act of Love
2593:General / flag officers
1890:Great Siberian Ice March
1695:on the direct orders of
1462:Flags used by the Legion
1189:134th Infantry Division
772:Milan Rastislav Štefánik
580:(until 17 November 1919)
337:Milan Rastislav Štefánik
271:Milan Rastislav Štefánik
4775:Peasant Army of Fergana
4593:People's Army of Komuch
4493:Ukrainian Galician Army
4122:The March of the 70,000
3761:Purdek, Imrich (2013).
3685:San Francisco Chronicle
3635:Fleming, Peter (1963).
3008:Polish–Czechoslovak War
2449:Germany, United Kingdom
2428:Germany, United Kingdom
1777:during September 1918.
1763:People's Army of Komuch
1609:Czechoslovak Communists
1555:Troop movements in the
1169:53rd Infantry Division
934:battle of Zborov (1917)
764:Austro-Hungarian Empire
4670:White Latvian Riflemen
4422:Kiev Region Army Group
3745:San Francisco Examiner
3721:History Stack Exchange
3129:Trans-Siberian Railway
3109:
3094:
2985:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
2980:
2968:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2898:
2800:
2789:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2334:12. 9. 1919 Marseille
1967:Evacuation and Allies
1955:
1944:The Good Soldier Švejk
1909:
1804:Czechoslovak statehood
1788:
1751:Social Revolutionaries
1716:
1655:
1647:
1616:Trans-Siberian Railway
1563:In November 1917, the
1560:
1419:2nd infantry division
1327:"Companions" (Družina)
1307:Imperial Russian Army
1080:Czechoslovakia Legion
1071:
1037:
941:
894:
882:
803:Trans-Siberian railway
768:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
699:
50:
41:
4727:Arctic Ocean Flotilla
4495:(since November 1919)
4068:Smele, J. D. (1994).
3681:"Transport Movements"
3581:Essays on World War I
3488:Decision to Intervene
3382:The Making of a State
3114:Pantheon de la Guerre
3106:Panthéon de la Guerre
3103:
3092:
2974:
2966:
2906:(Abolished Oct. 1918)
2816:The rank insignia of
2582:commissioned officers
2580:The rank insignia of
2533:12. 10. 1920 Trieste
2518:Japan, Czechoslovakia
2460:20. 7. 1920 Cuxhaven
2439:17. 7. 1920 Cuxhaven
1953:
1907:
1885:and never recovered.
1783:
1713:armored train "Orlík"
1710:
1653:
1641:
1633:Revolt of the Legions
1589:Operation Faustschlag
1554:
1148:French Foreign Legion
1069:
1035:
931:
888:
876:
830:Austro-Hungarian Army
814:Imperial Russian Army
758:territories from the
693:
395:Imperial Russian Army
384:French Foreign Legion
305:Universal Battle flag
234:Operation Faustschlag
115:Expeditionary warfare
4285:at Wikimedia Commons
4256:White, John Albert,
4172:Goldhurst, Richard,
4084:Taylor & Francis
3623:Civil War in Siberia
3444:on December 26, 2017
3081:in English in 1939.
2508:28. 9. 1920 Trieste
1753:, in Samara and the
978:Československá legie
720:Československé légie
712:Československé legie
51:Československé légie
42:Československé legie
4796:Czechoslovak Legion
4679:North-Western Front
4655:5th Polish Division
4645:Czechoslovak Legion
4623:Holy Cross Druzhina
4451:North Caucasus Army
4283:Czechoslovak Legion
4167:Civil War in Russia
4075:Europe-Asia Studies
4063:- Total pages: 602
4048:McMaster University
3825:www.databazeknih.cz
3666:Joan McGuire Mohr,
3595:, pp. 215–225.
3570:, pp. 196–197.
3515:, pp. 185–188.
2997:Eugène Mittelhauser
2849:Czechoslovak Legion
2612:Czechoslovak Legion
2397:7. 6. 1920 Trieste
2376:6. 6. 1920 Trieste
2355:8. 4. 1920 Trieste
2313:10. 3. 1919 Naples
2276:
1968:
1711:Czechoslovaks with
1317:Russian Third Army
1211:Royal Italian Army
1136:French Ground Army
1081:
837:Czechoslovak Legion
704:Czechoslovak Legion
379:French Armed Forces
29:Czechoslovak Legion
4690:North-Western Army
4579:5th Pri-Amur Corps
4325:and fleets of the
4229:McFarland, NC 2012
4221:Mohr, Joan McGuire
4037:- Total pages: 332
4011:- Total pages: 156
3538:A People's Tragedy
3110:
3095:
2981:
2975:The façade of the
2969:
2822:enlisted personnel
2274:
2236:Czechoslovak ship
1966:
1956:
1910:
1789:
1717:
1656:
1648:
1644:Nikolsk-Ussuriysky
1593:Battle of Bakhmach
1561:
1152:Moroccan Division
1079:
1072:
1038:
954:Kerensky Offensive
942:
895:
891:Battle of Bakhmach
883:
760:Kingdom of Hungary
700:
401:Royal Italian Army
239:Battle of Bakhmach
147:"Nazdar" ("Hello")
4783:
4782:
4765:
4764:
4700:Chudskoe Flotilla
4588:
4587:
4468:Crimean–Azov Army
4383:
4382:
4327:Russian Civil War
4281:Media related to
4241:978-80-87173-47-3
4134:Clarke, William,
4120:Baerlein, Henry,
4064:
4038:
4012:
3777:978-80-89523-24-5
3556:978-80-87173-47-3
3269:, pp. 86–90.
3257:, pp. 67–70.
3217:, pp. 14–16.
3023:Legionářská banka
2956:
2955:
2809:
2808:
2562:
2561:
2484:7.7.1920 Trieste
2283:Country of Origin
2042:
2041:
1931:Czechoslovak Army
1825:and Irkutsk from
1812:Aleksandr Kolchak
1665:Mikhail Diterikhs
1557:Russian Civil War
1536:Russian Civil War
1459:
1458:
940:cemetery, Ukraine
881:, Czech Republic.
795:Russian Civil War
744:Russian Civil War
685:
684:
633:Russian Civil War
537:Russian Civil War
413:Russian Civil War
356:Czechoslovak Army
229:Russian Civil War
4823:
4757:Caspian Flotilla
4740:
4739:
4708:
4631:
4613:Far Eastern Army
4555:
4543:
4531:
4512:
4511:
4483:Caspian Flotilla
4459:
4442:
4430:
4396:
4353:
4352:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4280:
4193:Kalvoda, Josef,
4186:Kalvoda, Josef,
4179:Hoyt, Edwin P.,
4174:The Midnight War
4165:Footman, David,
4148:Fic, Victor M.,
4141:Fic, Victor M.,
4127:Bullock, David:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4062:
4061:
4036:
4035:
4010:
4009:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3969:Burian, Michal.
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3838:
3829:
3828:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3802:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3769:
3758:
3749:
3748:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3677:
3671:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3626:
3621:Jonathon Smele,
3619:
3608:
3605:Mueggenberg 2014
3602:
3596:
3593:Mueggenberg 2014
3590:
3584:
3577:
3571:
3568:Mueggenberg 2014
3565:
3559:
3547:
3541:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3513:Mueggenberg 2014
3510:
3504:
3499:Benjamin Isitt,
3497:
3491:
3484:
3478:
3471:
3465:
3462:Mueggenberg 2014
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3440:. Archived from
3430:
3424:
3417:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3393:Henry Baerlein,
3391:
3385:
3378:
3372:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3283:
3276:
3270:
3267:Mueggenberg 2014
3264:
3258:
3255:Mueggenberg 2014
3252:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3161:
3055:, or castrates.
2952:
2943:
2934:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2903:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2827:
2826:
2805:
2803:
2794:
2792:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2611:
2610:
2599:Junior officers
2596:Senior officers
2587:
2586:
2302:Kingdom of Italy
2277:
2273:
2263:
2248:
2233:
2218:
2203:
2188:
2173:
2158:
2143:
2128:
2113:
2098:
1969:
1965:
1847:Kolchak's armies
1806:was declared in
1520:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1326:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1239:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1078:
958:Battle of Zborov
918:prisoners of war
668:
667:
666:
656:
655:
654:
644:
643:
642:
623:
621:
620:
610:
608:
607:
576:
575:
574:
564:
562:
561:
554:
550:
548:
547:
530:
526:
524:
523:
515:
511:
509:
508:
497:
496:
495:
488:
484:
482:
481:
473:
469:
467:
466:
458:
454:
452:
451:
312:
196:Battle of Zboriv
163:
160:
157:
136:50,000 in Russia
97:
96:
95:
64:
26:
25:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4761:
4731:
4710:
4702:
4674:
4625:
4584:
4549:
4537:
4525:
4503:
4488:Army of Wrangel
4478:Black Sea Fleet
4453:
4436:
4424:
4390:
4379:
4342:
4329:
4317:
4273:
4117:
4115:Further reading
4104:
4102:
4058:
4032:
4006:
3990:
3980:
3978:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3941:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3915:
3911:
3901:
3899:
3889:
3885:
3878:"Jízdní hlídka"
3876:
3875:
3871:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3840:
3839:
3832:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3767:
3759:
3752:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3725:
3723:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3703:New York Herald
3697:
3696:
3692:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3665:
3661:
3653:
3644:
3633:
3629:
3620:
3611:
3603:
3599:
3591:
3587:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3562:
3548:
3544:
3536:Orlando Figes,
3535:
3531:
3523:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3498:
3494:
3485:
3481:
3473:George Kennan,
3472:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3447:
3445:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3418:
3414:
3406:Victor M. Fic,
3405:
3401:
3392:
3388:
3380:Tomáš Masaryk,
3379:
3375:
3367:Victor M. Fic,
3366:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3277:
3273:
3265:
3261:
3253:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3226:Josef Kalvoda,
3225:
3221:
3213:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3146:Josef Šnejdárek
3137:
3124:Last Train Home
3087:
3079:The Lost Legion
3043:The 2005 novel
3041:
2961:
2905:
2904:
2842:
2814:
2804:from Oct. 1918)
2797:
2793:from Oct. 1918)
2786:
2605:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2403:President Grant
2340:Nižnij Novgorod
2270:
2264:
2255:
2249:
2240:
2234:
2225:
2223:Nizhny Novgorod
2219:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2193:President Grant
2189:
2180:
2174:
2165:
2159:
2150:
2144:
2135:
2129:
2120:
2114:
2105:
2099:
2090:Transport Ships
2067:Nizhny Novgorod
2047:President Grant
1961:
1923:Grigori Semenov
1915:
1851:eastward flight
1843:
1802:On 28 October,
1742:
1705:
1691:and his family
1549:
1543:
1538:
1524:
1521:
1512:
1509:
1500:
1497:
1488:
1485:
1476:
1473:
1464:
1412:
1368:
1332:
1320:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1300:
1242:
1234:
1214:
1204:
1182:
1162:
1139:
1129:
1117:
1115:
1103:
1101:
1088:
1086:
1077:
1049:
1043:
996:Austria-Hungary
992:
986:
870:
856:
851:
770:and the Slovak
752:Austrian Empire
688:
677:
674:
664:
662:
652:
650:
640:
638:
629:
625:Austria-Hungary
618:
616:
605:
603:
586:
583:
572:
570:
559:
557:
545:
543:
533:
521:
519:
506:
504:
493:
491:
479:
477:
464:
462:
449:
447:
295:
291:Josef Šnejdárek
286:Stanislav Čeček
263:
252:
220:Race to the Sea
161:
158:
155:
139:
130:9,600 in France
119:
93:
91:
67:
55:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4829:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4752:Turkestan Army
4748:
4746:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4715:Northern Front
4712:
4711:
4709:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4685:Northern Corps
4682:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4660:Siberian Fleet
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4569:3rd Ural Corps
4566:
4561:
4544:
4532:
4520:
4518:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4448:
4443:
4431:
4419:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4402:
4400:Volunteer Army
4397:
4388:Astrakhan Army
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4375:3rd Army Corps
4372:
4370:2nd Army Corps
4367:
4365:1st Army Corps
4361:
4359:
4350:
4348:Southern Front
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4272:
4271:External links
4269:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4254:
4244:
4232:
4218:
4208:
4203:McNeal, Shay,
4201:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:Fleming, Peter
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4065:
4056:
4039:
4030:
4013:
4004:
3989:
3988:
3961:
3935:
3909:
3897:Digital Trends
3883:
3869:
3851:
3830:
3812:
3803:
3790:
3776:
3750:
3732:
3708:
3690:
3672:
3659:
3657:, p. 156.
3642:
3627:
3609:
3607:, p. 249.
3597:
3585:
3572:
3560:
3542:
3529:
3517:
3505:
3492:
3479:
3466:
3454:
3425:
3412:
3399:
3386:
3373:
3360:
3343:
3329:
3315:
3301:
3284:
3271:
3259:
3244:
3232:
3219:
3207:
3203:Schindler 1995
3195:
3174:
3171:. 17 May 2014.
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3136:
3133:
3086:
3083:
3040:
3037:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2795:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2753:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2704:Generálporučík
2699:
2695:Generál zbrani
2689:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2614:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2577:
2574:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2544:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2519:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2323:Czechoslovakia
2321:
2319:Liverpool Maru
2315:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2235:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2213:
2211:
2206:American ship
2205:
2198:
2196:
2191:American ship
2190:
2183:
2181:
2176:American ship
2175:
2168:
2166:
2161:American ship
2160:
2153:
2151:
2146:American ship
2145:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2123:
2121:
2116:Japanese ship
2115:
2108:
2106:
2101:Japanese ship
2100:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2074:
2059:Liverpool-Maru
2054:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1960:
1957:
1939:Jaroslav Hašek
1914:
1911:
1842:
1839:
1823:Novonikolaevsk
1814:in control of
1741:
1738:
1722:Woodrow Wilson
1704:
1701:
1697:Yakov Sverdlov
1569:Central Powers
1545:Main article:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1356:
1348:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1126:
1125:
1123:Russian Empire
1113:
1098:
1076:
1073:
1057:Czechoslovakia
1045:Main article:
1042:
1039:
1000:Foreign Legion
988:Main article:
985:
982:
861:Russian Empire
855:
852:
850:
847:
842:Czechoslovakia
791:Central Powers
732:Entente powers
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
676:
675:
673:
672:
660:
648:
635:
630:
628:
627:
614:
600:
594:
592:
588:
587:
585:
584:
582:
581:
568:
555:
539:
534:
532:
531:
516:
501:
499:Russian Empire
489:
474:
459:
456:United Kingdom
443:
437:
435:
431:
430:
429:
428:
427:
426:
410:
409:
408:
407:
398:
392:
391:
390:
387:
371:
367:
366:
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
348:
347:
346:
345:
344:
322:
318:
317:
314:
313:
306:
302:
301:
297:
296:
294:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
267:
265:
259:
258:
254:
253:
251:
250:
249:
248:
243:
242:
241:
226:
225:
224:
223:
222:
212:
211:
210:
200:
199:
198:
182:
180:
176:
175:
169:
165:
164:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
138:
137:
134:
131:
127:
125:
121:
120:
118:
117:
112:
108:
106:
102:
101:
99:Czechoslovakia
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
54:
53:
44:
34:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4828:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4722:Northern Army
4720:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4706:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4516:Siberian Army
4513:
4510:
4508:Eastern Front
4506:
4500:
4499:Southern Army
4497:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4463:Caucasus Army
4461:
4457:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4440:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4314:
4309:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4086:: 1317–1347.
4085:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4059:
4057:9780612058668
4053:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4033:
4031:9781476617626
4027:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4007:
4005:9780880332187
4001:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3950:
3946:
3943:Bigas, Jiří.
3939:
3924:
3920:
3913:
3898:
3894:
3887:
3879:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3807:
3801:
3794:
3779:
3773:
3766:
3765:
3757:
3755:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3669:
3663:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3606:
3601:
3594:
3589:
3582:
3576:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3533:
3526:
3521:
3514:
3509:
3502:
3496:
3489:
3483:
3476:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3422:
3416:
3409:
3403:
3396:
3390:
3383:
3377:
3370:
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3305:
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3256:
3251:
3249:
3242:, p. 41.
3241:
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3204:
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3075:
3073:
3072:80-86528-08-1
3069:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3039:In literature
3036:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3011:
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3005:
3000:
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2992:
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2989:Maurice Pellé
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2292:Arrival Port
2291:
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2217:
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2187:
2182:
2179:
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2157:
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2131:Chinese ship
2127:
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2104:
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2018:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2005:
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1998:Great Britain
1997:
1996:
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1990:
1988:
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1982:
1981:
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1786:Yekaterinburg
1782:
1778:
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1764:
1760:
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1752:
1749:, led by the
1748:
1737:
1733:
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1723:
1714:
1709:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1693:were executed
1690:
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1685:Yekaterinburg
1682:
1678:
1673:
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1610:
1605:
1601:
1600:Soviet Russia
1596:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1577:Tomáš Masaryk
1574:
1573:Brest-Litovsk
1570:
1566:
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1533:
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1514:
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1349:
1345:
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1336:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1291:35th Regiment
1289:
1285:
1283:34th Regiment
1281:
1277:
1275:33rd Regiment
1273:
1269:
1267:32nd Regiment
1265:
1261:
1259:31st Regiment
1257:
1253:
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1249:
1246:
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1233:
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1128:
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749:
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741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
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713:
709:
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697:
692:
687:Military unit
680:
671:
661:
659:
649:
647:
637:
636:
634:
631:
626:
615:
613:
612:German Empire
602:
601:
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589:
579:
569:
567:
566:United States
556:
553:
541:
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529:
517:
514:
502:
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490:
487:
475:
472:
460:
457:
445:
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439:
438:
436:
432:
425:
424:Siberian Army
422:
421:
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416:
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414:
405:
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402:
399:
396:
393:
388:
385:
382:
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377:
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375:
372:
368:
364:
360:
357:
354:
350:
342:
338:
334:
333:Tomáš Masaryk
330:
329:
328:
325:
324:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
292:
289:
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255:
247:
244:
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237:
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232:
231:
230:
227:
221:
218:
217:
216:
215:Western Front
213:
209:
206:
205:
204:
203:Italian Front
201:
197:
194:
193:
192:
191:Eastern Front
189:
188:
187:
184:
183:
181:
177:
174:
170:
166:
154:
150:
146:
142:
135:
132:
129:
128:
126:
122:
116:
113:
111:Ground forces
110:
109:
107:
103:
100:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
63:
58:
52:
48:
45:
43:
39:
36:
35:
32:
27:
22:
4665:Baikal Fleet
4650:Russian Army
4644:
4618:Zemskaya Rat
4598:Western Army
4338:Russian Army
4266:
4257:
4250:
4224:
4214:
4204:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4103:. Retrieved
4079:
4073:
4043:
4017:
3995:
3979:. Retrieved
3974:
3964:
3952:. Retrieved
3948:
3938:
3926:. Retrieved
3922:
3912:
3900:. Retrieved
3896:
3886:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3845:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3763:
3744:
3735:
3724:. Retrieved
3720:
3711:
3702:
3693:
3684:
3675:
3667:
3662:
3655:Bradley 1991
3636:
3630:
3622:
3600:
3588:
3580:
3575:
3563:
3545:
3537:
3532:
3520:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3474:
3469:
3457:
3446:. Retrieved
3442:the original
3437:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3376:
3368:
3363:
3332:
3318:
3304:
3279:
3274:
3262:
3240:Bradley 1991
3235:
3227:
3222:
3215:Bradley 1991
3210:
3198:
3187:. Retrieved
3177:
3168:
3159:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3111:
3096:
3078:
3076:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3044:
3042:
3026:
3022:
3014:
3012:
3001:
2993:
2982:
2841:
2815:
2731:Podplukovník
2713:Generálmajor
2604:
2579:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2525:
2521:
2513:
2505:21. 7. 1920
2500:
2491:
2476:
2467:
2452:
2444:
2431:
2423:
2410:
2407:Germany, USA
2402:
2389:
2386:Germany, USA
2381:
2368:
2365:Germany, USA
2361:Mount Vernon
2360:
2347:
2339:
2326:
2318:
2305:
2297:
2267:
2252:
2237:
2222:
2208:Mount Vernon
2207:
2192:
2177:
2162:
2147:
2132:
2117:
2102:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2006:
2001:
1991:
1986:
1962:
1942:
1935:
1927:
1916:
1895:Radola Gajda
1887:
1883:Angara River
1875:
1873:in Irkutsk.
1859:Nizhneudinsk
1856:
1844:
1820:
1801:
1790:
1743:
1734:
1726:aide-mémoire
1718:
1674:
1657:
1629:Leon Trotsky
1613:
1597:
1585:
1562:
1530:
1527:
1054:
1050:
1024:
1015:
1003:
993:
977:
973:
962:
949:
945:
943:
921:
913:
911:
906:
902:
896:
869:
857:
840:
836:
834:
811:
789:against the
776:
719:
711:
703:
701:
658:Russian SFSR
632:
597:
536:
440:
411:
403:(1914–1918)
341:Edvard Beneš
276:Radola Gajda
208:Isonzo front
4736:Middle Asia
4703: [
4626: [
4550: [
4538: [
4526: [
4454: [
4437: [
4425: [
4391: [
4211:Meek, James
3846:blogs.bl.uk
3438:History.com
3338:"Vhu Praha"
3324:"Vhu Praha"
3310:"Vhu Praha"
3296:"Vhu Praha"
2900:Podraporčík
2812:Other ranks
2590:Rank group
2530:24. 8. 1920
2436:23. 5. 1920
2394:23. 4. 1920
2373:13. 4. 1920
2352:13. 2. 1920
2310:15. 1. 1919
2103:Shunko-Maru
2071:Shunko-Maru
2037:14.3 %
1899:Vladivostok
1730:Transbaikal
1689:Nicholas II
1687:, but Tsar
1661:Krasnoyarsk
1621:Chelyabinsk
1581:Vladivostok
1221:Sixth Army
1016:rota Nazdar
742:during the
736:World War I
598:World War I
441:World War I
397:(1914–1917)
374:World War I
352:Merged into
186:World War I
179:Engagements
4790:Categories
4473:Kuban Army
3977:(in Czech)
3726:2024-08-15
3525:Smele 1994
3490:, 395–408.
3448:2016-06-22
3423:, 230–261.
3421:Bolsheviks
3282:, 101–105.
3189:2009-08-14
3152:References
3049:James Meek
3019:Legiobanka
2977:Legiobanka
2830:Rank group
2749:Podkapitán
2569:See also:
2481:24.6.1920
2457:6. 6. 1920
2331:9. 7. 1919
2118:Yonan-Maru
2063:Jonan-Maru
1959:Evacuation
1867:Jan Syrový
1818:Siberia.
1565:Bolsheviks
893:in Olomouc
799:Bolsheviks
740:White Army
646:Bolsheviks
419:White Army
281:Jan Syrový
264:commanders
257:Commanders
88:Allegiance
4608:Ural Army
4105:August 5,
3783:10 August
3699:"Arrived"
3278:Kalvoda,
3058:A memoir
2940:Slobodnik
2931:Desiatnik
2913:Šikovatel
2836:Enlisted
2776:Praporčík
2767:Podoručík
2722:Plukovník
2280:Ship Name
2148:Madawaska
2057:Japanese
2022:22 %
2007:25 %
1992:53 %
984:In France
938:Kalinivka
854:In Russia
835:The name
797:fighting
750:from the
591:Opponents
173:Zaamurets
168:Equipment
80:Disbanded
4405:Don Army
3486:Kennan,
3169:Valka.cz
3135:See also
2286:Quantity
2163:Sheridan
2133:Hwah-Yih
1978:Percent
1975:Quantity
1835:Romanian
1827:partisan
1715:, Russia
1670:Red Army
1041:In Italy
787:Bakhmach
738:and the
670:Left SRs
300:Insignia
171:Armored
144:Motto(s)
3981:12 June
3954:12 June
3928:12 June
3902:12 June
3280:Genesis
3053:Skoptsy
2959:Postwar
2801:Kapitán
2758:Poručík
2740:Kapitan
2539:Heffron
2468:Sherman
2382:Amerika
2178:America
2085:months.
2082:Heffron
2051:Heffron
1972:Country
1681:Irkutsk
1012:Bayonne
1008:Company
946:Družina
936:at the
922:Družina
914:Družina
907:Družina
903:Družina
879:Blansko
865:Entente
807:Siberia
754:and of
734:during
728:Slovaks
513:Romania
370:Part of
362:Motives
262:Notable
72:Founded
4323:armies
4239:
4100:152766
4098:
4054:
4028:
4002:
3975:INDIAN
3949:Vortex
3774:
3554:
3085:In art
3070:
3017:) and
2445:Dollar
2344:Russia
2275:Ships
2268:Archer
2238:Legion
2017:14,921
2002:16,956
1987:36,026
1920:Ataman
1831:Polish
1808:Prague
1747:Komuch
1677:Samara
1625:Magyar
1146:
1107:
1095:France
1092:
1027:Cognac
1004:Legion
899:Stavka
826:Serbia
818:France
783:Zborov
779:Russia
756:Slovak
724:Czechs
716:Slovak
696:Prague
622:
609:
563:
549:
528:Serbia
525:
510:
483:
471:France
468:
453:
434:Allies
339:, and
321:Leader
162:
159:
156:
152:Colors
47:Slovak
4707:]
4630:]
4554:]
4542:]
4530:]
4458:]
4441:]
4429:]
4410:Units
4395:]
4320:White
4096:JSTOR
4082:(8).
3768:(PDF)
3419:Fic,
2949:Vojak
2922:Čatar
2790:Major
2549:then
2514:Legie
2501:1,789
2492:Logan
2490:USAT
2477:1,546
2466:USAT
2453:3,427
2432:2,945
2424:Ixion
2411:5,471
2390:6,478
2369:3,452
2266:Ship
2253:Titan
2251:Ship
2032:9,683
1879:Cheka
1863:Janin
1816:White
1797:Urals
1793:Volga
1767:Kazan
1604:Penza
1110:Italy
1020:Arras
822:Italy
708:Czech
552:Japan
486:Italy
38:Czech
4237:ISBN
4107:2024
4052:ISBN
4026:ISBN
4000:ISBN
3983:2023
3956:2023
3930:2023
3904:2023
3785:2022
3772:ISBN
3552:ISBN
3068:ISBN
3064:Zvuk
3028:Hrad
2820:and
2497:USA
2473:USA
2298:Roma
2078:Roma
2049:and
1865:and
1795:and
1759:Omsk
824:and
785:and
726:and
702:The
124:Size
105:Type
83:1920
75:1914
4088:doi
3923:NME
3074:).
2833:NCO
2551:875
2547:720
2543:USA
2524:or
2348:664
2327:139
2306:139
1983:USA
1897:in
1775:Ufa
1757:in
1679:to
1571:at
960:.
777:In
4792::
4705:ru
4628:ru
4552:ru
4540:ru
4528:ru
4456:ru
4439:ru
4427:ru
4393:ru
4249:,
4227:.
4223:,
4213:,
4158:,
4094:.
4080:46
4078:.
4072:.
4050:.
4046:.
4024:.
4020:.
3973:.
3947:.
3921:.
3895:.
3862:.
3844:.
3833:^
3823:.
3753:^
3743:.
3719:.
3701:.
3683:.
3645:^
3612:^
3436:.
3346:^
3287:^
3247:^
3167:.
3116:.
3035:.
3010:.
2824:.
2584:.
2526:87
2522:70
1947:.
1933:.
1833:,
1672:.
1635:.
1595:.
1063:.
845:.
809:.
718::
714:;
710::
335:,
49::
40::
4312:e
4305:t
4298:v
4243:.
4231:.
4109:.
4090::
4060:.
4034:.
4008:.
3985:.
3958:.
3932:.
3906:.
3880:.
3866:.
3848:.
3827:.
3787:.
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