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808:(short for "Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron") has been in operation since 1964. Its circumference is 300 m. It was used until 1978 for particle physics experiments and first measurements with synchrotron radiation. Since then, rebuilt and upgraded several times, it has served as a pre-accelerator and as a test beam facility delivering high-energy particle beams for testing detector systems.
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1392:(PETRA III). Today, PETRA III serves over 40 experimental stations, and there are plans to expand it into the PETRA IV 3D X-ray microscope. With the shutdown of DORIS in early 2013, the name HASYLAB was abandoned, and the use of DESY's light sources has since been carried out in its Photon Science division.
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DESY aims to promote start-ups and bring know-how from fundamental research into application. It offers commercial companies support for industrial issues, e.g. through special industry access to photon sources and laboratories, develops ideas, applications and products based on fundamental research,
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financed by public funds. In 2020, DESY had an annual budget of about 232 million euros (according to the German federal budget plan, excluding expenditure for investments and special financing expenses). In addition, it had a third-party funding income of about 18 million euros. 90% of the
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DESY employs about 3,000 staff members from more than 60 nations. Most staff work at the
Hamburg site, with about 270 at the Zeuthen site. These numbers include more than 130 trainees in various industrial-technical professions and about 500 PhD students and postdocs supervised by DESY. In addition,
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DESY was founded on 18 December 1959 in
Hamburg. According to its statutes, DESY's mission is "the promotion of basic scientific research in particular through the development, construction and operation of accelerators and their scientific use, in photon science and in the fields of particle
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The HERA storage ring (short for Hadron–Electron Ring
Accelerator) operated from 1992 to 2007. It has a circumference of 6,336 m. It was DESY's largest ring accelerator and Germany's largest research instrument to date. Until 2007, HERA was the only storage ring facility in the world to enable
1348:. In these collisions, the point-like electron acted like a probe, scanning the inner structure of the proton and making it visible with high resolution. HERA's precise insights into the interior of the proton formed the basis for numerous other particle physics experiments, especially at the
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The
Accelerator division develops fundamental technologies for the accelerator facilities that DESY and its partners use in their scientific mission. In addition to the operation and further development of existing facilities (PETRA IV and FLASH2020+ projects, expansion of the European XFEL),
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The building of the former DORIS storage ring now houses the SINBAD ("Short
Innovative Bunches and Accelerators at DESY") accelerator complex with various infrastructures for accelerator R&D: the linear accelerator ARES for accelerator research with ultrashort electron pulses for medical
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DESY's accelerators were not all built at once, but were rather added one by one to meet the growing demand of the scientists for higher and higher energies to gain more insight into particle structures. In the course of the construction of new accelerators, the older ones were converted to
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DESY is headed by a
Directorate consisting of the directors of the four divisions (Accelerators, Photon Science, Particle Physics and Astroparticle Physics) and the administration as well as the delegate of the Directorate for innovation. Chairpersons of the Directorate so far have been:
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produced by the accelerators. To meet the rapidly growing national and
European demand, DESY founded its own large laboratory: the Hamburg Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory HASYLAB, which opened in 1980. It provided measuring stations at DORIS, and it was here that the Israeli biochemist
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LINAC II and DESY II are electron pre-accelerators for the storage ring PETRA III, which, together with the free-electron laser FLASH, serves as a light source for photon science. Also shown is the
European XFEL X-ray laser, which runs from the DESY campus to the town of Schenefeld in
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and supports its employees in founding start-ups based on DESY technologies in the
Hamburg and Brandenburg regions. DESY offers start-ups access to offices, laboratories and workshops in the DESY Innovation Village and the Start-up Labs Bahrenfeld, established together with the
1093:. Every year, more than 3,000 researchers – most of them from universities, but also from non-university research institutions and industry – from over 40 countries conduct experiments at the light sources and in the laboratories at DESY. The research spectrum ranges from
1458:. The core of the facility is a 1.7 km superconducting linear accelerator. With an electron energy of 17.5 GeV, it is the most powerful superconducting linear accelerator in the world to date. DESY operates the accelerator on behalf of European XFEL GmbH.
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The LUX facility is also used for research into laser-driven plasma acceleration, the FLASHForward experiment at FLASH for electron-beam-driven plasma acceleration. The relativistic electron beam source REGAE generates ultrashort electron pulses for time-resolved
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The PETRA storage ring (short for
Positron–Electron Tandem Ring Accelerator) has been in operation since 1978. It has a circumference of 2,304 m. Until 1986, electrons and positrons collided in PETRA for research in particle physics (experiments
1465:(both laser- and electron-beam-driven) as a possible alternative to conventional accelerator technologies, with the aim of enabling compact accelerators for photon science, particle physics as well as medical and industrial applications.
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and photon science research to explore the fundamental relationships between the structure, dynamics and function of matter. In cooperation with its partner organisations, its photon science research spans surface physics,
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Since 2001, the DESY site in Zeuthen has been home to the photoinjector test facility PITZ, a linear accelerator used to study, optimise and prepare the electron sources for FLASH and (since 2015) for the European XFEL.
926:(FEL) FLASH (short for Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg) has been in operation since 2000. It has a length of 315 m. It is based on a test facility for superconducting accelerator technology built in 1997 for the
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near Berlin. In 1939, the German Postal Ministry founded a nuclear physics laboratory there. After World War II, the laboratory was first named "Institute X", to become the Institute for High Energy Physics
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facility produces ultrashort light pulses in the soft X-ray range for seven experimental stations. Since 2020, it has been expanded to further optimise the properties of the radiation (FLASH2020+ project).
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In the Detector Assembly Facility (DAF) at DESY, new, more radiation-resistant and precise silicon tracking detectors are produced for the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC accelerator at CERN (here for
826:(short for Double Ring Storage Facility) operated from 1974 to 2013. It had a circumference of 289 m. Until 1992, it collided electrons with positrons for particle physics experiments (including the
1430:(SASE) of X-ray laser light. The SASE theory was developed and refined at DESY and at institutes in Russia, Italy and the USA from 1980 onwards. In 2000 to 2001, the test facility at DESY was the first
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Thomas Heinze, Olof Hallonsten, Steffi Heinecke: "From periphery to center: Synchrotron radiation at DESY, Part II: 1977–1993". Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 45, 513–548 (2015)
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Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL): Investigation of ultrafast phenomena with free-electron lasers and optical lasers, studies of light–matter interaction under extreme conditions
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Thomas Heinze, Olof Hallonsten, Steffi Heinecke: "From periphery to center: Synchrotron radiation at DESY, Part I: 1962–1977". Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 45, 447–492 (2015)
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National Strategy for the Further Development of Accelerator-Based User Facilities for Research with Photons and with High Electromagnetic Fields ("Helmholtz Photon Science Roadmap")
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are being used to study the structure, dynamics and function of matter. To this end, the division develops, builds and operates beamlines and experiments at the DESY light sources
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In the free-electron laser FLASH at DESY, electrons generate laser light in the soft X-ray range as they pass through special magnetic arrangements known as undulators (yellow).
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Eric Beaurepaire, Fabrice Scheurer, Hervé Bulou, Jean-Paul Kappler (eds.): "Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation", Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 9783642044984, p. 416.
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Centre for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS): Investigation of condensed matter with X-ray and complementary methods, high-resolution X-ray imaging, analysis of material processes
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experiments, DESY contributes to many developments at the LHC, from hardware design and data analysis to preparations for the planned upgrades. DESY also participates in the
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The superconducting resonators used in the linear accelerators of the free-electron laser FLASH and the European XFEL X-ray laser are processed and assembled in a cleanroom.
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experiment). From 1980 on, the synchrotron radiation generated by DORIS was used for photon science experiments; from 1993 to 2012, the storage ring served exclusively as a
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Christian Schroer et al.: "PETRA IV: the ultralow-emittance source project at DESY". In: J. Synchrotron Radiat. 25 (5), 1277–1290 (2019). Retrieved 23 December 2022.
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984:-driven acceleration to generate ultrashort X-ray pulses for materials science or medical imaging, and the high-power laser KALDERA for research into laser-driven
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Ralf Röhlsberger et al.: "Light Source Upgrades at DESY: PETRA IV and FLASH2020+". In: Synchrotron Radiat. News 32 (1), 27–31 (2019). Retrieved 23 December 2022.
1384:. From 1995, both synchrotron radiation and particle physics experiments were conducted at PETRA. In 2009, the PETRA facility was upgraded for exclusive use as a
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The Start-up Labs Bahrenfeld, an innovation centre of DESY, the University of Hamburg and the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg were opened in September 2021.
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Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB): Structural systems biology to study infection processes at the molecular level of viruses, bacteria and parasites
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In 1979, the particle physics experiments at the electron–positron storage ring PETRA at DESY discovered the gluon, the messenger particle of the strong force.
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of the European XFEL X-ray free-electron laser, an international research facility that delivers ultrashort light pulses in the high-energy X-ray range.
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storage ring, and from 1995 on also as a synchrotron radiation source with two test experimental stations. Since 2009, the facility has been delivering
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project and has served as a user facility for experiments with the generated FEL radiation since 2005. FLASH provides ultrashort light pulses in the
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In addition to operating its own large accelerator facilities, DESY participates in many major international research projects, for example the
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1177:, Japan, as well as in developments for possible future electron–positron linear colliders. It is also active in theoretical particle physics.
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The Astroparticle Physics division investigates high-energy processes in the universe. Detectors and telescopes are used to analyse
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range for seven experimental stations and is also used as a test facility for the development of accelerator and FEL technologies.
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The DESY campus in Hamburg is the location of several national and international centres in which DESY participates. These are:
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Research at DESY is organised into four divisions: Accelerators, Photon Science, Particle Physics and Astroparticle Physics.
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The tunnel of the former HERA storage ring now houses the ALPS II experiment, which uses converted superconducting
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for theoretical particle physics, the development and construction of electron sources for X-ray lasers as well as
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DESY produces a large part of the digital optical modules for the neutrino observatory IceCube at the South Pole.
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834:. The particle physics experiment OLYMPUS then ran in 2012 before DORIS was shut down at the beginning of 2013.
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From 2009 to 2016, an international consortium led by DESY developed the European X-ray free-electron laser
1363:"Max von Laue" experimental hall at the synchrotron radiation source PETRA III on the DESY campus in Hamburg
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DESY provides extensive storage and computing capacity for research in all its divisions. As part of the
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1380:(Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009) conducted experiments from 1986 to 2004 that led to her deciphering the
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1015:(WLCG), DESY also operates a Tier-2 computer centre that offers computing and storage systems for the
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Experiments to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the PETRA III synchrotron radiation source at DESY
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and radiation bursts of extreme intensity. To this end, DESY is involved in the gamma telescopes
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and astroparticle physics, as well as through research and development work related thereto".
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In parallel, as early as the 1960s, research groups from DESY, various universities and the
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1881:. (PDF; 6 MB). In: www.helmholtz.de. 15 June 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2022 (in German).
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1997:. (PDF; 40 KB) In: www.desy.de. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2022 (in German).
1611:. (PDF; 40 KB) In: www.desy.de. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2022 (in German).
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collisions of electrons or positrons with protons for particle physics (experiments
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essential activities include research into new accelerator concepts, in particular
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The Particle Physics division is involved in the large-scale experiments at the
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1919:. (PDF; 15.4 MB) In: www.desy.de. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
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View inside the PETRA III "Max von Laue" hall on the DESY campus in Hamburg
689:. The institute was merged with DESY on 1 January 1992. It focuses on
1945:. (PDF; 10.8 MB) In: www.desy.de. August 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
1906:. (PDF; 18 MB) In: www.desy.de. December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
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2111:. In: Part. Accelerators 10, 207–216 (1980). Retrieved 23 December 2022.
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2182:. (PDF; 13 MB) In: www.desy.de. 1 May 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
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near Geneva. As part of the international collaborations that run the
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German 1984 postal stamp – 25th anniversary of the foundation of DESY
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1674:. In: www.bundeshaushalt.de. Retrieved 23 December 2022 (in German).
1624:. (PDF; 3 MB) In: www.desy.de. May 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
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behave differently. The most important discovery of the experiments
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Inside the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) in Hamburg
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detector at the former electron–positron storage ring DORIS at DESY
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from space, which can provide information about cosmic phenomena:
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2124:. In: CERN Courier, 30 November 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
2098:. In: CERN Courier, 30 November 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
2060:. In: Cern Courier, 27 November 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
2010:. In: Cern Courier, 27 November 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
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From 1959 to 2007, the DESY accelerators were primarily used for
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2023:. In: Cern Courier, 21 January 2008. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
1984:. In: CERN Courier, 7 December 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
1340:. HERA was the only storage ring facility in the world in which
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and for numerous developments in theoretical particle physics.
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experiment at DORIS was the first to observe a large mixing of
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DESY operates in two locations. The primary location is in the
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1868:. (PDF; 13 MB) In: www.desy.de. Retrieved on 23 December 2022.
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there are numerous master students from various universities.
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Schopper, Herwig; Gillies, James (2024), "To DESY via CERN",
2058:"The three lives of DORIS: from charm quarks to cell biology"
2008:"The three lives of DORIS: from charm quarks to cell biology"
1932:. In: CERN Courier, 8 March 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
1686:. In: www.hamburg.de. Retrieved 23 December 2022 (in German).
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In the early 1990s, DESY began to develop a new technology:
1288:(Hadron–Electron Ring Accelerator, 1992–2007). In 1987, the
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of the HERA proton ring to study extremely light particles.
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used to investigate the structure, dynamics and function of
1958:. In: CERN Courier, 8 May 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
1649:. In: CERN Courier, 8 May 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
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1284:(Positron–Electron Tandem Ring Facility, 1978–present) and
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861:). From 1990 on, PETRA served as a pre-accelerator for the
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2229:. In: www.bmbf.de. Retrieved 23 December 2022 (in German).
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German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF):
1637:. In: www.bmbf.de. Retrieved 22 December 2022 (in German).
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German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF):
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Mission and guiding principles of the research centre DESY
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for solely civil and peaceful purposes. It specialises in
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Astroparticle Physics 2021. Highlights and Annual Report
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FLASH2 experimental hall on the DESY campus in Hamburg
2072:. In: www.wayforlight.eu. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
1976:
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2136:. In: wwwwayforlight.eu. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
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908:) for studies of the inner structure of the proton.
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Particle Physics 2021. Highlights and Annual Report
1670:Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF):
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1961:
2344:Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
1904:Photon Science 2021. Highlights and Annual Report
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1834:. Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
873:to over 40 experimental stations under the name
643:The DESY Hamburg site is located in the quarter
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2180:Accelerators 2021. Highlights and Annual Report
1866:Accelerators 2021. Highlights and Annual Report
1224:(CTA). It is the second largest partner in the
2515:European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)
2422:Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF)
2339:National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)
2334:Cornell High-Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS)
2160:. In: www.xfel.eu. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
1893:. In: www.desy.de. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
1855:. In: www.desy.de. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
1711:. In: www.desy.de. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
952:DESY operates the 1.7 km superconducting
2387:Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF)
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1982:"DESY marks 50 years of accelerator research"
1434:in the world to produce light flashes in the
681:), the high-energy physics laboratory of the
647:, in the west of the city in the district of
627:. In 1992, DESY expanded to a second site in
263:2,700 (plus over 3,000 guest scientists p.a.)
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2577:Buildings and structures in Altona, Hamburg
2464:Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI)
1661:. In: www.desy.de. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
1280:(Double Ring Storage Facility, 1974–1992),
742:Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
615:Main entrance of the DESY campus in Hamburg
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790:for laboratories with new research tasks.
756:Particle accelerators and other facilities
729:Federal Ministry of Education and Research
651:. Its main accelerators are located here.
2459:Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS)
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543:development, construction and operation,
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2122:"FLASH: the king of VUV and soft X-rays"
2096:"FLASH: the king of VUV and soft X-rays"
2021:"HERA leaves a rich legacy of knowledge"
1672:Bundeshaushaltsplan 2022 – Einzelplan 30
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1635:Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron – DESY
1371:developed the technology for using the
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1995:Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
1609:Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
1461:Since 2010, DESY has been developing
464:), is a national research centre for
2019:Rolf-Dieter Heuer, Albrecht Wagner:
1683:Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg:
1469:Chairpersons of the DESY Directorate
1220:, and it contributes to the planned
663:, DESY expanded to a second site in
599:at the South Pole and the worldwide
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1506:1999 to early 2009: Albrecht Wagner
1463:plasma-based accelerator technology
1428:self-amplified spontaneous emission
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786:pre-accelerators or to sources for
511:. DESY is publicly financed by the
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2107:A.M. Kondratenko and E.L. Saldin:
1956:"DESY's astroparticle aspirations"
1560:Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
1312:at PETRA was the detection of the
1165:at the electron–positron collider
746:Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
679:Institut für Hochenergiephysik IfH
585:European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
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2147:DOI 10.1080/08940886.2019.1559605
1993:DESY: Statutes of the Foundation
1697:Budget Plan 2021/2022 – Volume VI
1607:DESY: Statutes of the Foundation
1541:Knowledge and technology transfer
1426:at DESY to test the principle of
1101:and industrial collaborations in
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980:purposes, the AXSIS facility for
2617:Synchrotron radiation facilities
2392:High Energy Photon Source (HEPS)
2282:Synchrotron radiation facilities
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1509:since 2 March 2009: Helmut Dosch
1407:accelerator technology based on
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1081:In the Photon Science division,
748:and the German federal state of
458:Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
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2412:Pohang Light Source-II (PLS-II)
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1228:observatory at the South Pole.
1218:Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
41:needs additional citations for
16:German national research center
2612:Research institutes in Germany
2592:Organisations based in Hamburg
2046:DOI 10.1525/hsns.2015.45.4.513
2034:DOI 10.1525/hsns.2015.45.3.447
1702:
1689:
1677:
1664:
1652:
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1601:
744:) and 10% respectively by the
687:Academy of Sciences of the GDR
535:DESY's function is to conduct
1:
2083:DOI 10.1107/S1600577518008858
1980:Erich Lohrmann, Paul Söding:
1565:
1352:(LHC) at the research centre
1061:plasma wakefield acceleration
276:500 PhD students and postdocs
273:
203:
2324:Advanced Photon Source (APS)
1766:"DESY and the European XFEL"
1497:1981 to 1993: Volker Soergel
1386:synchrotron radiation source
1276:(1964–present), followed by
1013:Worldwide LHC Computing Grid
1006:
832:synchrotron radiation source
818:DORIS (particle accelerator)
597:IceCube Neutrino Observatory
435:
7:
2607:Physics research institutes
2597:Particle physics facilities
2329:Canadian Light Source (CLS)
2319:Advanced Light Source (ALS)
2296:African Light Source (AfLS)
2203:10.1007/978-3-031-51042-7_6
1344:collided with electrons or
887:HERA (particle accelerator)
800:DESY (particle accelerator)
513:Federal Republic of Germany
462:German Electron Synchrotron
10:
2633:
2158:DESY and the European XFEL
1231:
963:
945:
915:
884:
841:
815:
797:
724:foundation under civil law
683:German Democratic Republic
654:
638:
515:and the Federal States of
176:18 December 1959
18:
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1274:DESY electron synchrotron
1222:Cherenkov Telescope Array
1063:, and the improvement of
942:European XFEL accelerator
722:The research centre is a
601:Cherenkov Telescope Array
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2540:Swiss Light Source (SLS)
1930:"New directions at DESY"
1853:Computing infrastructure
1129:as well as the study of
1070:accelerator technology.
911:
837:
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606:
1169:at the research centre
959:
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523:and is a member of the
2556:Australian Synchrotron
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215:Field of research
166:The Decoding of Matter
1556:University of Hamburg
1548:
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1373:synchrotron radiation
1362:
1350:Large Hadron Collider
1263:
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1147:Large Hadron Collider
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788:synchrotron radiation
779:
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695:astroparticle physics
614:
589:Large Hadron Collider
574:synchrotron radiation
549:astroparticle physics
531:Functions and mission
525:Helmholtz Association
502:astroparticle physics
482:particle accelerators
398:Helmholtz Association
359:52.36667°N 13.61667°E
238:Astroparticle physics
222:Particle accelerators
21:DESY (disambiguation)
2587:Free-electron lasers
2582:Education in Hamburg
2505:Diamond Light Source
2407:Taiwan Photon Source
718:Budget and financing
661:German reunification
591:in Switzerland, the
578:free-electron lasers
541:particle accelerator
537:fundamental research
328:53.57583°N 9.87944°E
192:Fundamental research
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2417:Photon Factory (PF)
2402:Taiwan Light Source
1928:Kristiane Novotny:
1722:"PETRA III at DESY"
1482:, Founding Director
1480:Willibald Jentschke
1432:free-electron laser
1424:linear accelerators
1163:Belle II experiment
1027:experiments at the
986:plasma acceleration
932:extreme ultraviolet
924:free-electron laser
869:beams of very high
781:Schleswig-Holstein.
593:Belle II experiment
572:through the use of
494:high energy physics
466:fundamental science
443:Location in Germany
355: /
324: /
138:
2602:Physics in Germany
1954:Matthew Chalmers:
1877:Sven Kiele et al:
1709:Test beams at DESY
1695:Land Brandenburg:
1646:Matthew Chalmers:
1551:
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1442:range. Today, the
1436:vacuum ultraviolet
1401:
1369:Max Planck Society
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381:Hamburg-Bahrenfeld
364:52.36667; 13.61667
209:232 million (2020)
188:Research type
130:
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2213:978-3-031-51041-0
2070:PETRA III at DESY
1131:cultural heritage
685:belonging to the
562:molecular biology
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1768:. European XFEL
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1746:. Way for Light
1744:"FLASH at DESY"
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1772:19 February
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1198:black holes
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623:quarter of
521:Brandenburg
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2571:Categories
2397:NanoTerasu
1891:About DESY
1659:About DESY
1566:References
1440:soft X-ray
1378:Ada Yonath
1298:antimatter
1194:gamma rays
936:soft X-ray
871:brilliance
867:hard X-ray
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