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speaking distinct languages, who differ considerably amongst themselves. As, however, there is no one name which will properly apply to the peoples and countries in question, it will be perhaps convenient to retain the names of Dard and
Dardistan when speaking collectively of the tribes in question and the countries they inhabit.
638:
His scanty opportunities, however, have caused him to fall into the error of believing that the tribes which he has classed under the name of Dard are all of the same race, and he has applied the term of
Dardistan, a name founded on a misconception, to a tract of country inhabited by several races,
555:
Dardistan in 1866, 1886, and 1893: Being an
Account of the History, Religions, Customs, Legends, Fables, and Songs of Gilgit, Chilas, Kandia (Gabrial), Dasin, Chitral, Hunsa, Nagyr, and Other Parts of the Hindukush, as Also a Supplement to the Second Edition of the Hunza and Nagyr Handbook and an
513:
Different ancient sources vaguely place the Dards (the
Dadikai of Herodotus; the Daradas of the Puranic lists; the Daedalae of Curtius Rufus; the Derbikes of Ctesia) in the north of modern-day Pakistan. Today, the term Dardic survives in linguistic science as an extended geographic reference that
201:
for an extended period, also noted that none of the tribes typically referred to as 'Dard' recognized the term. Biddulph acknowledged that
Leitner's label 'Dardistan' was based on a misunderstanding, but he accepted it as a useful term for referring to the complex, diverse, and largely unexplored
336:
The terms Dardic or
Dardestān are not, however, in common use in the region; rather, they were adopted by Western scholars after G. W. Leitner used them in his books in the late 19th century (1877, 1887, 1893, 1894,
110:, where it translates to 'way of the language' or 'dialect'. The broad application of this term have been criticised by many scholars. The languages and peoples are often referred to as "Kohistani", mostly by the
571:
The name "Dard" itself was not claimed by any of the race that I met . If asked whether they were "Dards" they said "certainly", thinking I mispronounced the word "dáde" of the Hill
Panjabi...
514:
embraces all the Indo-Arian languages spoken in this region. However, the ancient land of the Dards has not yet acquired any defined historical, geographical and cultural characterisation.
214:. Interestingly, this usage mirrors the Sanskrit interpretation, where it refers to unspecified fierce outsiders residing in the mountainous regions beyond the area's borders.
172:
sources. Instead of identifying a specific group, the term was used to describe a fierce population living in the northwest, beyond the confines of established society. In
145:, whose journeys contribute significantly to the classical geography of the subcontinent, did not encounter any Dard people. However, he did visit a location named
114:. In academic linguistic contexts, however, Kohistani refers to one subgroup of Dardic languages which is mainly spoken in Kohistan district of Khyber Pakhtunkwa.
399:
75:, into a single category. This led to the creation of distinct identities for all other groups in the region, giving rise to terms such as
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55:. The legitimacy of the term has been called into question. The region also includes a number of non-Dardic peoples and languages.
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The term eventually gained acceptance through frequent use. The labels 'Dard' and 'Dardistan' were introduced by
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The name "Dard" is not acknowledged by any section of the tribes to whom it has been so sweepingly applied.
404:. The Pathans call them, and all other Muhammadans of Indian descent in the Hindu Kush valleys, Kohistanis.
672:
667:
444:
A Dictionary of
Chinese Buddhist Terms: With Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index
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are spoken. The terms "Dardic" and "Dardistan" are not indigenous to the region, and were coined by
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Counterinsurgency, Democracy, and the
Politics of Identity in India: From Warfare to Welfare?
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The initial efforts by the
British grouped almost all the people and languages of the upper
8:
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121:(4th century B.C.), in one of his stories, mentioned a war-like people by the name of
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296:"Dards, Dardistan, and Dardic: an Ethnographic, Geographic, and Linguistic Conundrum"
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Transfer of Buddhism Across Central Asian Networks (7th to 13th Centuries)
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Epitome of Part III of the Author's The Languages and Races of Dardistan
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211:
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is not recognized in any of the local languages, with the exception of
636:. Office of the superintendent of government printing. pp. 8–9.
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118:
616:. Office of the superintendent of government printing. p. 156.
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186:, known for their frequent attempts to invade and plunder Kashmir.
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193:, despite the fact that no local population identified as 'Dard'.
149:, where he reportedly engaged in combat with a group known as the
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Buddhism and the Dynamics of Transculturality: New Approaches
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Buddhism and the Dynamics of Transculturality: New Approaches
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None of the inhabitants in the region identify themselves as
72:
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refers to the Darads as inhabitants of the area north of
501:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 72–73.
420:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 72–73.
471:
History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A.D.
377:
649:
441:Soothill, William Edward; Hodous, Lewis (1977).
162:appears to be the Persian name derived from the
380:Indus and Swat Kohistan: an Ethnographic Survey
440:
349:Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (26 July 2007).
137:made references to the warlike tribe known as
474:Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 89.
348:
559:. Asian Educational Services. p. 59.
398:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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447:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 284.
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531:. BRILL. 5 October 2015. p. 161.
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495:Kellner, Birgit (8 October 2019).
414:Kellner, Birgit (8 October 2019).
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678:Ethnic groups by language family
583:Bhan, Mona (11 September 2013).
468:Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002).
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248:Kellens, Jean. "DARDESTĀN".
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633:Tribes of the Hindoo Koosh
613:Tribes of the Hindoo Koosh
355:. Routledge. p. 973.
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589:. Routledge. p. 59.
47:refers to a region where
40:, etc. are now separated)
352:The Indo-Aryan Languages
53:Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner
630:Biddulph, John (1880).
610:Biddulph, John (1880).
552:Leitner, G. W. (1996).
376:Barth, Fredrik (1956).
321:"Encyclopaedia Iranica"
224:Dardistan on Britannica
117:In a historic context,
98:, or their language as
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251:Encyclopaedia Iranica
38:Kalasha-ala (Waigali)
22:
300:www.mockandoneil.com
229:Dardistan on Iranica
94:, their homeland as
23:Dardic languages by
16:Region in South Asia
125:on the frontier of
34:Kamkata-vari (Kati)
30:Nuristani languages
25:Georg Morgenstierne
673:Linguistic history
668:Historical regions
258:on 5 December 2017
42:
596:978-1-134-50983-6
566:978-81-206-1217-4
538:978-90-04-30743-8
508:978-3-11-041314-4
481:978-81-269-0027-5
454:978-81-208-0319-0
427:978-3-11-041314-4
362:978-1-135-79710-2
325:iranicaonline.org
197:, who resided in
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278:"Dardistan"
102:. The term
65:Indus River
652:Categories
282:Britannica
235:References
158:Herodotus
67:, between
394:cite book
204:Karakoram
152:Assakenoi
143:Alexander
119:Herodotus
96:Dardistan
81:Dardistan
45:Dardistan
210:and the
112:Pashtuns
32:such as
262:6 April
208:Kashmir
184:Kashmir
180:Kalhana
170:Puranic
165:Daradas
160:Dadikai
147:Daedala
123:Dadikai
69:Kashmir
59:History
28:(Note:
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337:1895).
330:10 May
305:10 May
199:Gilgit
139:Dardae
131:Strabo
108:Khowar
100:Dardic
85:Dardic
83:, and
135:Pliny
127:India
92:Dards
73:Kabul
591:ISBN
561:ISBN
533:ISBN
503:ISBN
476:ISBN
449:ISBN
422:ISBN
400:link
357:ISBN
332:2022
307:2022
264:2022
133:and
104:Dard
77:Dard
71:and
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