1206:
1196:
313:
accessed via an
Interface Definition Language. Such an approach would not be appropriate for the Internet because the Internet is constantly evolving and standardization on one set of interfaces is difficult to achieve. OWL objects tend to be similar to the kinds of objects used to define application
282:, are more non-standard, in that they abandon the usual case that an object resides in a single location at a time, and apply the concept to groups of entities (replicas) that might span across multiple locations, might have only weakly consistent state, and whose membership might dynamically change.
325:
However, there are important distinctions between OWL objects and traditional object-oriented programming objects. Traditional objects get compiled into static hierarchies usually with single inheritance, but OWL objects are dynamic. An OWL object can change its structure at run time and can become
128:
An important distinction in programming languages is the difference between an object-oriented language and an object-based language. A language is usually considered object-based if it includes the basic capabilities for an object: identity, properties, and attributes. A language is considered
194:, and other platform-specific issues. The IDL is also usually part of a distributed environment that provides services such as transactions and persistence to all objects in a uniform manner. Two of the most popular standards for distributed objects are the
302:(RDF). RDF provides the capability to define basic objects—names, properties, attributes, relations—that are accessible via the Internet. OWL adds a richer object model, based on set theory, that provides additional modeling capabilities such as
185:
A standard method to package distributed objects is via an
Interface Definition Language (IDL). An IDL shields the client of all of the details of the distributed server object. Details such as which computer the object resides on, what
232:) that run a distributed multi-party protocol to achieve high consistency between their internal states, and that respond to requests in a coordinated way. Examples include fault-tolerant
337:, a statement is only considered false if there is actual relevant information that it is false, otherwise it is assumed to be unknown, neither true nor false.
329:
Another critical difference is the way the model treats information that is currently not in the system. Programming objects and most database systems use the "
254:
concept to groups of replicas that might internally use any distributed protocol, perhaps resulting in only a weak consistency between their local states.
209:
In addition to distributed objects, a number of other extensions to the basic concept of an object have been proposed to enable distributed computing:
682:
351:
The following table contrasts traditional objects from Object-Oriented programming languages such as Java or C++ with
Semantic Web Objects:
1363:
575:
134:
74:
1734:
1368:
1358:
1353:
1199:
1065:
994:
1790:
1341:
1242:
888:
791:
576:"The Semantic Web A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities"
138:
1785:
675:
1519:
868:
735:
720:
537:
506:
58:
1492:
130:
70:
1609:
1414:
1346:
1308:
1024:
951:
941:
786:
715:
481:
299:
224:
175:
1800:
1209:
1075:
1004:
946:
668:
1509:
1439:
1287:
1014:
873:
740:
413:
Closed world: If there is not enough information to prove a statement true, then it is assumed to be false.
148:
Not all object-based (or object-oriented) languages are class-based. One prominent alternative paradigm is
472:
Grady Booch; Robert
Maksimchuk; Michael Engle; Bobbi Young; Jim Conallen; Kelli Houston (April 30, 2007).
405:
Instances are anonymous insofar that they cannot easily be addressed from outside of an executing program.
1764:
1399:
936:
931:
745:
315:
149:
82:
66:
17:
552:
Ostrowski, K., Birman, K., Dolev, D., and Ahnn, J. (2008). "Programming with Live
Distributed Objects",
416:
Open world: If there is not enough information to prove a statement true, then it may be true or false.
1387:
1131:
979:
974:
926:
903:
883:
333:". If a fact is not known to the system that fact is assumed to be false. Semantic Web objects use the
266:, are domain-specific terms for special types of "ordinary" objects used in a certain context (such as
157:
1697:
1649:
1561:
1534:
1462:
1328:
1282:
1136:
1126:
182:
model tend to be larger grained, longer lasting, and more service-oriented than programming objects.
649:
400:
Classes make their meaning explicit in terms of OWL statements. No imperative code can be attached.
1571:
1235:
1039:
838:
821:
730:
431: – Time period between the creation and destruction of an object-oriented programming instance
267:
86:
50:
1724:
1639:
989:
833:
330:
294:
is essentially a distributed-objects framework. Two key technologies in the
Semantic Web are the
246:
240:
195:
78:
174:
The object-oriented approach is not just a programming model. It can be used equally well as an
1467:
1323:
1277:
1044:
801:
796:
123:
529:
523:
1457:
1432:
863:
816:
334:
295:
179:
62:
392:
Reasoners can be used for classification and consistency checking at runtime or build-time.
1259:
1161:
999:
858:
848:
760:
705:
691:
397:
Classes encode much of their meaning and behavior through imperative functions and methods.
303:
187:
77:. An object-oriented system integrates code (behavior) and data (state) into objects. In a
46:
595:
8:
1795:
1729:
1707:
1634:
1487:
1479:
1228:
1181:
1166:
1034:
898:
806:
750:
310:
111:
561:
1712:
1692:
1644:
1619:
1404:
1373:
1171:
811:
169:
142:
591:
408:
All named RDF and OWL resources have a unique URI under which they can be referenced.
1599:
1529:
1504:
1318:
1313:
1085:
843:
533:
502:
477:
105:
471:
1744:
1629:
1427:
1156:
1100:
878:
770:
765:
634:
610:
587:
191:
101:
93:
31:
1749:
1614:
1566:
1499:
1176:
1029:
1009:
893:
755:
440:
428:
381:
The list of classes is fully known at compile-time and cannot change after that.
1702:
1524:
1514:
1422:
1080:
984:
725:
434:
341:
271:
217:
1779:
1624:
1060:
828:
609:
Knublauch, Holger; Oberle, Daniel; Tetlow, Phil; Wallace, Evan (2006-03-09).
1581:
1556:
1095:
1090:
1019:
291:
554:
Proceedings of the 22nd
European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
114:
can be modeled with objects representing their components and interfaces.
1759:
1754:
1604:
1551:
1378:
446:
389:
Compilers are used at build-time. Compile-time errors indicate problems.
1664:
1659:
1576:
1544:
1449:
1392:
1105:
1070:
660:
437: – Techniques for copying an object in object-oriented programming
220:
that enclose network communication within an object-oriented interface.
153:
340:
OWL objects are actually most like objects in artificial intelligence
1739:
1717:
1674:
1669:
1336:
1292:
1251:
203:
129:
object-oriented if it is object-based and also has the capability of
54:
1654:
853:
573:
97:
710:
611:"A Semantic Web Primer for Object-Oriented Software Developers"
345:
39:
1220:
910:
574:
Berners-Lee, Tim; James
Hendler; Ora Lassila (May 17, 2001).
319:
233:
199:
608:
1272:
1121:
560:, vol. 5142, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 463-489,
1267:
614:
443: – Entity within a multi-tiered software application
562:
http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1428508.1428536
474:
Object-Oriented
Analysis and Design with Applications
556:, Paphos, Cyprus, July 07–11, 2008, J. Vitek, Ed.,
1777:
635:http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/SE/ODSD/
528:. New York: Wiley Computer Publishing. pp.
309:OWL objects are not like standard large-grained
384:Classes can be created and changed at runtime.
373:Instances can not change their type at runtime.
314:domain models in programming languages such as
1236:
676:
368:Classes are regarded as sets of individuals.
365:Classes are regarded as types for instances.
476:(3 ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional.
69:(OOP) is object-based with the addition of
1243:
1229:
683:
669:
525:The Essential Client/Server Survival Guide
228:are groups of distributed objects (called
178:for distributed systems. The objects in a
326:an instance of new or different classes.
117:
874:Software development process/methodology
690:
376:Class membership may change at runtime.
449: – Model of concurrent computation
27:Abstraction with well-defined behaviour
14:
1778:
521:
163:
1224:
664:
496:
467:
465:
463:
1195:
889:Software verification and validation
792:Component-based software engineering
490:
53:, behavior (modified via associated
285:
24:
460:
258:Some of these extensions, such as
25:
1812:
869:Software configuration management
736:Search-based software engineering
721:Experimental software engineering
643:
592:10.1038/scientificamerican0501-34
558:Lecture Notes in Computer Science
1205:
1204:
1194:
633:Table excerpted from tables in:
49:that supports a construct with
1250:
716:Empirical software engineering
627:
602:
567:
546:
515:
300:Resource Description Framework
13:
1:
1309:Arbitrary-precision or bignum
453:
176:interface definition language
741:Site reliability engineering
100:management, aspects such as
42:with well-defined behavior.
7:
1791:Object-oriented programming
746:Social software engineering
422:
150:prototype-based programming
67:Object-oriented programming
10:
1817:
884:Software quality assurance
501:. McGraw Hill. p. 7.
167:
121:
81:language, an object is an
1786:Object (computer science)
1683:
1650:Strongly typed identifier
1592:
1478:
1448:
1413:
1301:
1258:
1190:
1149:
1114:
1053:
967:
960:
919:
779:
698:
1040:Model-driven engineering
839:Functional specification
822:Software incompatibility
731:Requirements engineering
280:live distributed objects
268:remote method invocation
241:Live distributed objects
1725:Parametric polymorphism
834:Enterprise architecture
522:Orfali, Robert (1996).
331:closed-world assumption
196:Object Management Group
1045:Round-trip engineering
802:Backward compatibility
797:Software compatibility
124:Object-based languages
118:Object-based languages
864:Software architecture
817:Forward compatibility
360:Semantic Web Objects
335:open-world assumption
296:Web Ontology Language
180:distributed computing
1801:Composite data types
1162:Computer engineering
859:Software archaeology
849:Programming paradigm
761:Software maintenance
706:Computer programming
692:Software engineering
497:Oppel, Andy (2005).
304:multiple inheritance
272:protocol composition
216:are components of a
188:programming language
108:may act as objects.
1730:Primitive data type
1635:Recursive data type
1488:Algebraic data type
1364:Quadruple precision
1182:Systems engineering
1167:Information science
947:Service orientation
899:Structured analysis
807:Compatibility layer
751:Software deployment
580:Scientific American
311:distributed objects
274:). Others, such as
260:distributed objects
164:Distributed objects
112:Information systems
1693:Abstract data type
1374:Extended precision
1333:Reduced precision
1172:Project management
937:Object orientation
904:Essential analysis
812:Compatibility mode
656:The Java Tutorials
651:What Is an Object?
598:on April 24, 2013.
276:replicated objects
225:Replicated objects
170:Distributed object
1773:
1772:
1505:Associative array
1369:Octuple precision
1218:
1217:
1145:
1144:
1086:Information model
990:Incremental model
844:Modeling language
420:
419:
252:replicated object
250:) generalize the
141:, and, possibly,
61:is classified as
16:(Redirected from
1808:
1745:Type constructor
1630:Opaque data type
1562:Record or Struct
1359:Double precision
1354:Single precision
1245:
1238:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1208:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1157:Computer science
965:
964:
879:Software quality
771:Systems analysis
766:Software testing
685:
678:
671:
662:
661:
637:
631:
625:
624:
622:
621:
606:
600:
599:
594:. Archived from
571:
565:
550:
544:
543:
519:
513:
512:
494:
488:
487:
469:
354:
353:
286:The Semantic Web
264:protocol objects
214:Protocol objects
192:operating system
160:, among others.
94:relational model
32:computer science
21:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1750:Type conversion
1685:
1679:
1615:Enumerated type
1588:
1474:
1468:null-terminated
1444:
1409:
1297:
1254:
1249:
1219:
1214:
1186:
1177:Risk management
1141:
1110:
1049:
1030:Waterfall model
1000:Prototype model
995:Iterative model
956:
932:Aspect-oriented
915:
894:Software system
775:
756:Software design
694:
689:
646:
641:
640:
632:
628:
619:
617:
607:
603:
572:
568:
551:
547:
540:
520:
516:
509:
499:SQL Demystified
495:
491:
484:
470:
461:
456:
441:Business object
429:Object lifetime
425:
342:frame languages
288:
172:
166:
126:
120:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1814:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1771:
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1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1703:Data structure
1700:
1695:
1689:
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1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
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1617:
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1607:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1590:
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1584:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
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1537:
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1527:
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1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1496:
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1470:
1460:
1454:
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1419:
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1411:
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1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
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1395:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1342:Half precision
1339:
1329:Floating point
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
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1216:
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1191:
1188:
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1179:
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1169:
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1151:
1150:Related fields
1147:
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1118:
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1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
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1081:Function model
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1051:
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1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
985:Executable UML
982:
977:
971:
969:
962:
958:
957:
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738:
733:
728:
726:Formal methods
723:
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688:
687:
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673:
665:
659:
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645:
644:External links
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435:Object copying
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298:(OWL) and the
287:
284:
256:
255:
237:
221:
218:protocol stack
190:it uses, what
168:Main article:
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122:Main article:
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1625:Function type
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1568:
1565:
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1538:
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1260:Uninterpreted
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1211:
1203:
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1130:
1128:
1125:
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1113:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Systems model
1099:
1097:
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1092:
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1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
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1038:
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1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
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1001:
998:
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993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
968:Developmental
966:
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948:
945:
943:
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938:
935:
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930:
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905:
902:
901:
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897:
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875:
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867:
865:
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852:
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847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
829:Data modeling
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
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